1.

Abstract

The impact of sosiodemographic and environmental factor on chikungunya

outbreaks at Cinere, Limo Sub District, Depok City in 2006. On october 2005, in
Depok occured chikungunya outbreaks that attack 200 citizen at Cinere, Limo Sub
District, Depok City. This study purpose is to know the impact of sosidemographic
and enviromental factor on chikungunya outbreaks at Cinere, Limo Sub District,
Depok City. Research design is case control study. The number of case group and
control group is 118 patient. Factor studied are education, knowlwdge, house density,
age, occupation, sex, mobility, anti-mosquito chemical, existance of mosquito-larva,
container, and wire netting. The result of the study suggest that there are three
variabels that involved in chikungunya outbreaks, namely education (OR=1,9: 1,12-
3,23), age (OR= 2,1: 1,22-3,46), and house density (OR=2,2: 1,25-3,80). Multivariat
analysis showed that the most dominant factors are house density, and followed by
education. Probability of chikungunya outbreaks is 2,1 for low house density and low
education.
Keywords: chikungunya, outbreaks, sosiodemoghraphic, environment, multivariat
analysis

2. Introduction
Chikungunya is a re-emerging disease or old disease then spread back.
Chikungunya fever is a type of fever is caused by a virus family Togaviridae, genus
alfavirus which is transmitted by the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The disease
is likely to give rise to an extraordinary event in a region.
konjunktiva redness, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, nausea, and vomiting.
Although the symptoms are similar to dengue, chikungunya not happen but in severe
bleeding, shock (shock) and death. The incubation period is two to four days, while
the manifestations of three to ten days 1. Consequences chikungunya quite
detrimental, especially when it comes to people with paralysis and lasts for weeks to
months. Work productivity and daily akvititas practically stopped.

In Indonesia alone, chikungunya fever was first reported in Samarinda 1973.

Then outbreak in Kuala Tungkal, Edinburgh, 1980. The 1983 outbreak in Martapura,
 Ternate, and Yogyakarta. After vacuum nearly 20 years, beginning in 2001 an
outbreak of chikungunya fever occurred in Muara Enim, South Sumatra and Aceh,
followed Bogor in October. Chikungunya fever outbreak again in Bekasi, Purworejo,
and Klaten, Central Java in 2002 4. In Jakarta, unheard of chikungunya fever in 1973
together with the city of Samarinda. From January to February 2003, chikungunya
cases were reported attack Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi (608 people), Jember (154
people), and Bandung (208) (Tapan. 2007). The number of chikungunya cases that
occurred during the year 2001-2003 reached 3,918 cases without death.
In October 2006, to coincide with Ramadan, in Cinere, District Limo, Depok appears
a disease with clinical signs of the disease showed chikungunya. Previously, there are
no reported incidence of chikungunya disease. The outbreak first occurred in the
district was included in the category of outbreaks due to frequency spreading rapidly
and includes big. Reported in the outbreak, the number of patients of 200 cases with
no one died.
The number of the male population as a group at risk more than the population
of women in the amount of 12 071 inhabitants. While the population density in the
region is classified as not solid at 53 persons / ha but many cases occur.

3. Metode Research

This design uses a case-control study by bivariate analysis using Chi-square with
degrees of confidence of 95%. Conditions meaningful relationship if the value p≤0,05 and
not meaningful if the value of p> 0.05, as well as looking at the magnitude of risk oods Ratio
(OR). Multiple logistic regression multivariate analysis was done to see the most dominant
variable against chikungunya outbreak. The population in this study is the entire population
aged ≥ 15 years in Cinere, District Limo, Depok. The number of cases and the amount of each
control as many as 118 people.
4. Results and Discussion

Univariate analysis illustrates that as many as 142 respondents (60.3%) had

higher levels of education (graduated from junior high through college). A total of
125 respondents (53%) have a level of knowledge about the disease chikungunya low
(below or equal to the median of the results). Density residential respondents largely
solid (more than 9 m2 / person) that is counted 158 respondents (66.9%). Respondents
were aged greater than or equal to the median (more than or equal to 37 years) of 125
respondents (53%) and does not work (IRT, students, unemployed) a total of 143
respondents (60.6%). In addition, as many as 177 respondents (75%) were female. A
total of 191 respondents (80.9%) answered no to go into areas that never happened
chikungunya. Furthermore, based on the use of anti-mosquito, 134 respondents
(56.8%) using anti-mosquito. Meanwhile, through field observations, obtained a
description of the environmental factors that is counted 206 respondents (87.3%) was
not found larvae in the whole container (cistern) his home. A total of 215 respondents
(91.1%) had a water reservoirs and 149 respondents (63.1%) equipped house
mosquito netting.
Bivariate analysis showed that of the 11 variables sociodemographic factors
(education, knowledge, population density, age, occupation, gender, mobility, and use
of anti-mosquito) and environmental factors (presence of mosquito larvae, availability
of landfill, and the availability of mosquito netting), it turns out there are three
variables that showed significant association of education, population density and age.
When the distribution of these variables can be seen in Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure
3.

Table 1 shows that based on the chi-square test, education gained value p =
0.024 which means that there is a significant relationship between education with
outbreaks of chikungunya with Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.9 on a confidence interval 1.1 to
3.2. This means that respondents who have low educational opportunity for ill
chikungunya 1.9 times compared with the highly educated respondents.
Knowledge of chikungunya disease was not in accordance with the theory that low
knowledge of chikungunya should have a higher risk of a better knowledge.
Density residential with chikungunya incidence showed a significant
association with the value Odds Ratio (OR) was 2.2 (p = 0.009) in the range of 95%
which is 1.2 to 3.8. This means that the respondents were not classified as solid
occupancy density, 2.2 times more likely to get sick of chikungunya.
Analysis of the relationship between age and the incidence of chikungunya
showed a significant association with the value Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.1 (p = 0.009) in
the range of 95% which is 1.2 to 3.4. This means that the respondents were aged
greater than or equal to the median (37 years) 2.1 times likely to get sick of
chikungunya as compared to respondents aged less than the median.

4.Conclusion
Sociodemographic factors affecting the incidence of chikungunya in Cinere,
District Limo, Depok (p ≤ 0.05) among them is education (OR = 1.9; 1.12 to 3.23),
population density (OR = 2.2; 1.25 to 3.80) and age (OR = 2.1; 1.22 to 3.46). While
that does not affect the incidence of chikungunya (shows no significant relationship)
is the occupation, gender, mobility, and use of anti-mosquito behavior. Environmental
factors such as the density of mosquito larvae, availability of landfill, the availability
of mosquito netting not affect the incidence of chikungunya in Cinere, District Limo,
Depok (shows no significant relationship) with p> 0.05. The dominant factor affecting
outbreaks of chikungunya in Cinere, District Limo, Depok primarily residential
density with odds ratios of 2.3 (1.28 to 3.97). The probability of occurrence of
chikungunya by 2.1 times at the low education levels and occupancy are not dense
than higher education and residential solid.