Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Applications and Future Implications in RS and GIS
Technologies: A Review
Mohammad Jalaluddin Abbas
Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Ecology,
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Abstract:- RS and GIS technologies are strong
informative tools provide a wide range of repetitive and
consistent information on various aspects and these might
enable to facilitate over the system as well as the
anthropogenic activities on several ecosystems and their
environments. This is certainly helps us in management
decision making processes. However, visual
interpretations (in presence of high spectral waves) are
not much easy to simplify the information for further use
of data without huge knowledge of regional/local areas
and matrix of sense waves spectra. It is complex to judge
at any small scale because of overlapping of certain wave
range that acts as a barrier against function. Thus this
indicate to breed and nurse further more repeatable
aspect to find out much more clarity of our observations
before going to final decision. Another major problem is
affecting the human security and closeness which are
most fundamental and challenging issues of these
technologies now these days. Interestingly, challenges
faced by mapping software systems discussed briefly in
this paper.
Keywords:- Resource Use, Human Security, New
Approaches, Future Implications, RS & GIS Technologies.
I. INTRODUCTION
The first decade of 21st century has seen a phenomenal
rise in research interest in information achieved by Remote
Sensing (RS) and Geographic Imagining System (GIS)
technologies. Still, it is a new pedal for influencing our
knowledge in depth in several areas mostly natural and
human initiated settlements. As per the record, natural
settlements are more complex than human settlements.
Therefore, we required some technologies to confirm and
going to depth knowledge of our environmental under and
above conditions. These technologies provide a wide range of
information on various aspects and thus might facilitate the
about the system as well as the effects of anthropogenic
activities and its environment.
Most of the articles begin with a clause addressing the
profound importance of remote sensing for forest
management along with various specific environmental
issues. The onset of the computer age and the use of satellites
drastically improved the quality and quantity of geographic
data. Specifically, the technologies of Land sat satellite
imaging, remote sensing, GIS, LiDAR, CAO, and CLASlite
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
provide excellent sources of data and analysis (Backhaus and
Beule 2007). satellite technology, with ever-expanding
capacity and decreasing costs, provides ample opportunities
to map and analyze a range of environmental issues, however
a variety of technical, political, and socio-economic
challenges contribute to the technologies falling far short
their potential (Engel-Cox and Hoff 2005, Mayer and Lopez
2011). Socio-economic and political problems outweigh the
technical limitations in terms of difficulty and ambiguity, but
I have expanded on the challenges faced by mapping
software systems briefly.
II. REMOTE SENSING (RS)
The technology of remote sensing is an acquisition of
any information about an object. It may be marked without
any physical contact or touch directly to an object. Thus, it is
a good source for receiving information generally on
environmental and climatic interference. This technology
based on receiving sense through which observation taken.
However, there are several problems against the use of such
technology. Some of them are categorized under following
heads.
A. General Problems in Remote Sensing
As per the general criteria, passive sensors gather the
natural radiation emitted or reflected by an object or
surrounding areas. The reflected sunlight is the most common
source of radiation measured by passive sensors. Therefore,
in absence of sun light or in less scattering light days
(fogging conditions), the source may be weak as there is use
of charge coupled devices. Thus in this case there might be a
chance that damage or less potential use of the sensor and
ultimately the user may disturb as per the problem will faced.
So, the development of satellite and remote sensing
techniques must be used very carefully.
B. Special/Technical problems in Remote Sensing
 This technology is so much expensive
 The measurement of technology have uncertainty to solve
the problem concerned
 The resolution of remote sensing is often coarse
 Based on Satellites technology setup which is not easy to
use everyone
 Data interpretation may be difficult depending on
knowledge about the source problem
 Need to understand technically and theoretically, how the
instrument is making the measurements?
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III. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
A geographic information system (GIS) is an important
resource of information which is generally computer
designed system, the more potentially use, to capture, to
store, to manipulate, to analyze, to manage and to represent
all types of spatial or geographical data. The term describes
any information system that integrates stores, edits, analyzes,
shares, and displays geographic information. GIS
applications are tools that allow users to create interactive
queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information,
edit data in maps, and present the results of all these
operations (Clarke 1986, and Maliene et al. 2011). Michael
(2010) stated that Geographic information science is a
science underlying geographic concepts, applications and
systems.
A. GIS Uncertainties
The accuracy of GIS depends on the source data, and
how it is encoded to be data referenced? Njgin (2012) also
stated that ecosystem or soil surveyors have been able to
provide a high level of positional accuracy utilizing the GPS-
derived positions which is actually based on high-resolution
digital terrain and aerial imagery. On the other hand, the
uncertainties of quantitative analyses issues into focus
because electronic or such type of equipments used to make
measurements for GIS is far more precise than the machines
of conventional map analysis.
B. Problems in Data Capturing
Data capturing and entering is a time consuming
process for GIS practitioners. When data is captured, user
should consider if the data should be captured with either a
relative accuracy or absolute accuracy, since this could not
only influence how information will be interpreted but also
the cost of data capture makes the possible way by which
they may used in further if require.
C. Problems in Biodiversity Observation
In addition to identify the species of interest, satellite
imagery is capable of providing a timeline narrative of the
situation. Even though context and causality cannot be
confidently established without information from the ground,
repeated shots of troop movements and maneuvers in an area
over a long period of time which might reveal some clues
about close intent. GIS is an essential tool for inventorying
habitats, studying endangered species, correlating species and
geographic relationships, analyzing change over time, and
evaluating the effectiveness of conservation practices and
policies. The question of today’s that how to reduce the
degradation and loss of fragile ecosystems?
D. Problems in Privacy Use
No doubt that, most of users uses GIS information
currently working legally. However, they may consider in
more negative way by citizens in any country which might be
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
highly intrusive and controversial. The storage, display and
analysis capabilities of GIS software make geographic
information systems highly effective tools for analyzing
personal information. Because of its strong data integration
and analysis capabilities and because the data in most GIS
are inherently local in nature, GIS technology has the
potential to be far more invasive of personal privacy than
many other information technologies (Harlan et al. 1994).
However, a truth can’t be regret that misuse of GIS may be
contemporary dangerous to human’s privacy. Same as the
global positioning system (GPS) generally using now these
days in mobile systems. Therefore, the current demand is the
careful uses of these technologies so that privacy of peoples
should not be disrupt the system in any way.
IV. PROBABLE SOLUTIONS OF GIS DATA
ACCURACY
One solution may apply to remove the confidentiality
constraint by permit accurate data collection. GIS may be
use, to study symbiotic relationships, compare changes over
time, or model effects of increasing levels of salinity
changes. Geospatial analytic and visualization tools provide
more comprehensive insight into an environmental threat. In
case of invasive species, scientists may use GIS to develop
models, to predict the variation distribution of species along
the agricultural ecosystems and terrestrial as well as aquatic
natural corridors.
V. CONCLUSIONS
Visual interpretations (in presence of high spectral
waves) are not easy to simplify the information for further
use of data without huge knowledge of regional/local areas
and matrix of sense waves spectra in these techniques. This is
however not clear because of overlapping of certain wave
range that might dispute our thinking thus acts as a barrier
against wave function. Thus, accessibility of data is an
important problem of GIS technology.
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
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