Piping Stress

Handbook
Second Edition

Victor Helguero M.
Piping Stress
Handbook

Second Edition
 Gulf Publishing Company
Book Division
Houston, London, Paris, Tokyo
Piping
Second
Library of

ISBN G87201_?03-6

Copyright @ 19_86 by Gulf publishing Company,

Housron, Texas. All
ngfts reserved. printed in the United Stabs;f
A;dca- itis book;;
p-ar,b ttrepf. may not be regoduced io a"y fo.rn *itt out perJsio'i
of the publisher.

$BN GE720r-nB{

. .:: -i.j. . -- ,,
 Contents

Preface vlll

Chapter 1

Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes 831.1, 831.3'

831.4, and 831.8 Ptpe Stress Compliances . . . . . ... . .. 1
Pipe Stress Theory. Expansion Stresses. Cold Springing. ANSI 831.1 Fower
Piping Code Stress Compliances (1983). ANSI 831.3 Chemical Plant and Pe-
troleum Refinery Piping Code Stress Compliances (1984). ANSI B31.4 Liq-
uid Fetroleum Transportation Piping Code Stress Compliances. DOT/B31.8
Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems Stress Compliances. Stan-
dard Oudine for ANSI B3l Codes.

Chapter 2

Coefficients of Thermal Expansion ,........17

Tables. Example Problem.

Chapter 3

Allowable Stress Range for ANSI/ASME Power Piping Code 831.1

(1e83) . ..... 38
Tables.

Chapter 4
Allowable Stress Range for ANSI/ASME Petroleum Piping
Code 831.3 (19M) . . ... ....73
Thbles.
Chapter 5
Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors tlz
Definitions. Thbles.

Chapter 6
Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels . ......l?a
Thbles.

Chapter 7

hessure and Shess Ratioo . .......177

Thbles. Instructions and Examples. Branch Reinforcement. Sample Calcula_
tions for Branch Reinforcement.

Chapter 8
Ihsign Criteria for Allowable loads, Moment, and Stresses ........257
Design Criteria for Pumps with Steel Nozzles anit Casings. Design Criteria for
Pumps with Cast Iron or Aluminum Nozzles and Casings. Design Criteria ior
Tirbine Drivers wilh Steel Nozzles and Casings. Design Criteria for Thrbine
Drivers with Cast Iron or Aluminum Nozdes and Casings. Design Criteria for
Compressors with Steel Nozzles and Casings. Design Criteria for Cornpres_
sors with Cast Iron or Aluminum Nozzles and Casings. ApI Code 661 Design
Criteria for Air-Cooled Heat Exchansers.

Chapter 9
Simptified Solutions for Pipe Stress 265
Example Problem 9-1. Thbles. Example Problem 9-2.

Chapter 10
PropertiesofPipe .........292
Definitions. Thbles.
Chapter 11

Weight and Dimensions of Pipe and Components .. . 299

Weight of Pipe and Components. Tables.

Chapter 12
Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Thbles ...... ... 314
Pipe-Span Stress Limits. Pipe-Span Deflection Limits. Piping Wind Loads.

Chapter 13
Pipe Support Selection and Design ..,..., . 34
Pipe Supports. Spring Supports. Insulated Pipe Supports and Anchors for
Cryogenic Service. Thbles.

Chapter 14
Fundamentalsof ExpansionJoints. ........351
Types of Joint Movements. Nomenclature and Symbols. Types of Expansion
Joints. Anchors, Guides, and Supports. Forces and Moments' Cold Springing
of Expansion Joints. Cycle Life Expectancy. Corrosion. Erosion. Calculating
Thermal Expansion. Precompression. Application, Pipe Guides and Guiding.
Iocation of Expansion Joints. End Connections. Covers. Sleeves.

Glossary ..... .... 368

Index . .,..373

vtl

Determining piping stresses for the design of petro_
.
chemical and.power plant piping systems iniolves ^many
complex mathematical calculations. These calculationi
cal be solved with the aid of any one of several computer
programs available provided they have the required ca_
pacity and an acceptable input/output format. The most
formidable task facing the engineer is compiling the ex_
tenslve amount ot data needed to run the program. These
data include physical properties. allowable stiesses, valve
weights and dimensions. stress intensification factors-
thermal expansion coefficients. spring hangers and expan-
slon Jotnt selectlon, and piping wind loads.
This reference book provides formulas, technical data.
and other pertinent design information not readilv avail_
able in a single source for the piping stress analyit in the
petrochemical industry who often has difficulry co ecting
the required data and solutions to complete a piping stresi
viii
heface
analysis.
.Depending on the magnirude and complexity of
the job, the data needed to complete a given tasi may be
scattered throughout a host of sources. The author's aim is
to bring together in a single reference all the above mate_
rial and present it in a convenient form.
Much of the information included in this book was ob_
tained from the work of others; some was used in its orisi_
nal form. while some was rearranged for this applicatio-n.
The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to
Mr. Robert Kingshill, Virender Shukla, and Timothv W.
Calk. for their assisrance in preparing this handbooki and
the American Society of Mechanical Ensineers which
generously permitted the author to use sevlral eouations
to develop tabulations contained in this handbook.
Suggestions and criticism concerning errors that may
.9.T]l spite_of all precautions will be greatly appri
ciated. They will contribute to the further improvement of
this reference handbook.
Victor Helguero M. , PE.
 Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME
Codes 831..1, 831.3, 83L.4, and 831.8
Pipe Stress Compliances

Pipe Stress Theory The bending stress due to temperature, weight of pipe,
contents, insulation, snow and ice, wind or earthquake is
calculated by the following equatron:
To understand the basic criteria of the ANSI+ pressure
piping code, it will be useful to explain the way different
stresses develop when a piping element is subjected to a t, : Vqgrr'lt*+l
number of loading conditions. There are four main Z
stresses that piping element, as shown in Figure l-
affe.t a
1. The following gives the intensity of these stresses and where S5 : Bending stress
the manner in which they may be combined: Ii : In-plane stress intensification factor
L = Out-of-plane stress
intensif ication factor
* For reasons of space these codes will be designated ANSI codes Mi : In-plane moment, lb-in.
riroughout the text of the book, Some readers may be mor€ familiar
with the desisnation ANSI/ASME as indicated in the headings. M" : Out-of-plane moment, lb-in.
Z : Section modulus of pipe, in.3

The direct longitudinal stress due to t€mperature and

weisht is calculated as follows:

where A : Metal pipe cross-sectional area, in.z

lJ\J" . s Fu : Direct force, lb

The longitudinal stress due to internal pressure is calcu-

t \o lated as follows:
S, I
^PD
"P 4t'
Sr = Longitudinal stress and the sum of three where P = Internal pressure
component parts (see Equation 1-1). D = Outside diameter of pipe
Sc = Circumlerential stress (see Chapter 10)
S, = Radial stress : Pipe wall thickness
Ss = Shear stless
(see Chapter 10)

Figure 1-1. Stress-free-body diagram. S: : 0 (shear)

2 Piping Stress Handbook

Both significant stresses act in the same direction;
therefore the stresses are "additive," i.e.
S1 : S6+\+Sa
Nofe: Inngitudinal stresses due to temperature are ex-
cluded from the combination when doing code calcula-
tions.
Circumferential stress, S., is primarily due to internal
pressufe:
The preceding method is known as the maximum shear
theory (Iresca) and is the preferred method of the ANSI
Code. A second method, known as the distortion-energy
(1-l) theory (Von Mises), also provides good results but is not
used by the Code:
"'3S-+J--T-+ STTT$"

S^:.q,D
-2t
Radial.stress, S., is primarily due to internal pressue,
which is equal to P. Expansion Stresses

S.=P The ANSI pressure piping code recognizes that stress

due to thermal expansion tends to diminish with time as a
Shear sfiess, S", is the sum of two component parts: tor- result of local yielding or creep. This reduction of stress
tional stress and direct shear stress (the second stress is will appear as a stress of opposite sign in the cold condi-
usually negligible). (This condition occurs in three-di- tion. This phenomenon is known as self springing. Cold
mensional piping systems.) springing is similar, and although the hot stresses tend to
diminish with time, the sum of the hot and cold stresses
T for any one cycle will remain practically constant.. This
ss: n +2.0&
A sum is called the stress range, ard, the code for pressure
piping defines this allowable expansion stress range estab-
where SS: Shear stress lished for thermal expansion in terms of hot and cold tabu-
T: Torque, lb-in.
lar S values as:
F,: Resultant shear force
Cross-sectional area of pipe :
z: Section modulus of pipe
sr: T/22, tortional stress
S. F (1.25 S" + 0.25 Sh)
where S, = Allowable expansion stress range (see
Chapters 3 and 4)
While the ANSI pressure piping code considers stresses
S" : Allowable stress for the cold condition
due to therrnal expansion separately from primary stresses (see Chapters 3 and 4)
Sr, :
due to pressure, weight, and external loadi_ngs,/it is obvi-
Allowable stress for the hot condition (see
ous that when combined stresses formulas and a specific
Chapters 3 and 4)
yield criterion existr/stresses from all loadings should be
included to delermine the principal stresses before con-
F: Stress range reduction factor for the cyclic
condition
firming them. Resultant principal stresses at the outside
fiber are as follows:

Sr = l/2 [Sr + S. +..//4St+ (S'=TFf

Tbtal No. of Cycles
. sz : |2 [g + s" - "v4trTre-.l]zr Over Expected Life
7,000 and less 1.0
Ib calculate the principal stresses use 51 or 52, whichever 14,000 and less 0.9
is greater, or the following equation: 22,000 and less 0.8
45,000 and less o.7
100,000 and less 0.6
\4* + C;=TJ' (r-2) 250,000 and less 0.5
 Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes

The stress due to thermal expansion, which must not

:rceed the allowable expansion range , is callel expansion n,:(1 -znci(fJn
.;-ess and is defined by the piping code as:

s"={SJ'?+4-(sF
xe Equation 1-2, where Sp : 0 and Sr : Ss
The piping code further states that the sum of the long;
,-idinal stresses due to pressure, weight, and other sus-
:ined external loadings shall not exceed $,. Ifthe longitu-
:jnal stress due to sustained loadings is less than S1, the
:ode permits the unused portion to be applied to extend
-.1e stress
range available for expansion effects. There-
:ore, the code, in effect, permits a total equal to 1.25
S. * Sr,), for thermal expansion stress combined with
suesses from other sustained loadings.
Cold Springing
A piping system may be cold sprung, or prestressed, to
:educe anchor forces and moments caused by thermal ex-
pansion or contraction. This is accomplished by shorten-
ng or lengthening the overall length of pipe by any de-
sired amount not in excess of the calculated expansion.
The amount of cold spring (C. S.) is usually expressed as
a percentage or fraction of the total expansion or contrac-
Ion.
This procedure is recognized by the ANSI Code for
pressure piping which states:
&=cR
n=[r-tn"El*
' I s" Er,l
These relationships apply only to two-anchor piping
systems with no intermediate restraints (use whichever
equation is greater) and with the further condition that
sn*E <l
s" Eh
where C = Cold-spring factor varying from zero for
no cold spring to one for lO0% cold
spring
se= Maximum computed expansion stress
E": Modulus of elasticity in the cold condition
Er' : Modulus of elasticity in the hot condition
R: Range of reactions corresponding to the
full expansion range based on E"
R" and R1 represent the maximum reactions estimated to
occur in the cold and hot conditions, respectively.
Thus, the ANSI piping code does not allow any credit
for cold springing in the cornputation of stress. For reac-
tions in the hot condition credit may be taken for two-
thirds of the actual cold spring applied; however, the full
amount of cold sping must be taken into account in com-
puting reactions for the cold condition.
To understand the effects of stress range, self springing,
and cold springing, see Figure 1-2.

The beneficial effect of judicious cold springing in assisting the

system to attain its most favorable condition sooner is recognized.
Inasmuch as dre life of a system under cyclic condition depends ANSI 831.1 Power Piping Code Stress
pdmarily on the stress range rather than the stress level at any one Compliances (1983)
time, no credit for cold spring is warranted with regard to sresses.
In calculating end trusts and moments acting on equipment con-
taining moving or removable parts with close clearanc€s, the ac- The standard terms, used in the equations set forth in
tual reactions at ally one time mther than their range are signifi-
calt, and credit accordingly is allowed for cold spring in the the ANSI code, are defined as follows:
calculations of thrusts and moments.
i: Stress intensification factor. The term
The reactions (forces and moments) & and & il the hot (0.75i) shall never be taken as less than 1.0
and cold conditions, respectively, obtained as follows Z: Section modulus, tn.,Z: r^2t^ r
from the reactions, R, are derived from the flexibility cal- rm : Mean radius, in.
culations based on the modulus of elasticiw at room tem- D" : Outside diametet in.
perature, E.: : Nominal wall thickness. in.
 Piping Stress Handbook

SELF.SPRING
26000 Psl - NO COLD SPRING
24000 Psl
I
I

=20
o
|\)

5 N
(,1q
a' -ltt .It
Ir- I r--1
t!
Ir
6ro ll ol
dls\
I
/ ,---'1. r
It
,l
.tl
a
!
m
t!
ti
T
L
--t
It
ltI
I

t: t\
t ,
I \,{
I
!;
ii dld
II
\
I
,
I
t- I
I
I

t: I
a
)<
a-
a
ul
tr.^
a
I

Figure 1-2. Stress-range curve with and without cold spring.

P : Internal design pressure S" : Allowable stress range for expansion

M" : Resultant moment loading due to weight stresses.
and other sustained loads, in.lbs S. : f(1.25 S" + 0.25
Mr :
Sh)
Resultant moment loading due to occa- (see Chapter 4)
sional loads, including earthquake loads, S" = Basic material allowable stress at minimum
trusts from relief/safety valve loads, in.-lbs temperature from allowable stress tables,
:
M" Range of resultant moments due to thermal psl
expansion/contraction, in.-lbs $, = Basic material allowable stress at maxi-
K: 1.15 for occasional loads actinq less than mum temperature from allowable stress ta-
l0% of the operation period bles, psi
K: 1.20 for occasional loads actins less than Stress range reduction factor fot cyclic con-
l7o of the operation period ditions for total number N of fuIl-tempera-
S,o : Longitudinal stress due to pressure, psr ture cycles over total number of years of
q,: Iolgitudinal stress due to sustained loads, system operation (see " Expansion
DSI Stresses")
$" : Longitudinal stress due to occasional loads, Wall thickness, in.
psi Coefficient having values as given in the
S" = Thermal expansion stress due to thermal ANSI Code 831.1, Table tV.t.2(A)
_ * S" :
Sr,
9xpansion and anchor displacements, psi
Longitudinal stress due to sustained loads
SE= Maximum allowable stress in material due
to internal pressure and joint efficiency at
plus the thermal expansion stress, psi the design temperature
 Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes 5

' where M" is combined in the following manner:

Pressure Design
M" : (Ml +My2 +M:)t2
The rninimum wall thickness for straight pipe under in-
ternal pressure and temperatures not exceeding those for For full size outlet connections the equation is:
various materials listed in the allowable stress tables, in-
cluding allowances for mechanical strength, should not be
less than that determined by this equation (Section
Z: r rnztn

1M.1.2, Equation 3): where th : Nominal wall thickness of the run pipe

''' = [_
,_ _ro"- * ol (see Chapter 7) For reduced outlet branch connections the equation is (see
+ Pn
[2(SE I Figure 1-3):

The design pressure should not exceed: Z: r r3t"

(t - A)
2SE where r5 : Branch mean cross sectional radius, in.
P= (see Chapter 7)
q : Effective branch wall thickness. in. =
D"-2Y(t--A) lesser of t5 or (i) t5
where t- : minimum required wall thickness, in. (mm) tb = Nominal branch wall thickness. in.
th : Nominal thickness of run PiPe. in.
If pipe is ordered by its nominal thickness, the manufac-
turing tolerances must be taken into account. This mini-
mum thickness must be increased to provide the increase
of manufactured tolerance allowed by the applicable spec-
ification or required by the process. The next heavier
Sustained Longitudinal Stress
commercial thickness should be selected.
The sustained longitudinal stress, 56' is the algebraic
summation of the longitudinal pressure stress and longitu-
External Pressure dinal sustained weight stress. Sh is calculated using the
following Code equation (Section 1O4.8.1, Equation 11):
To determine wall thickness and stiffening requirements
for straight pipe under external pressure, the procedures
outlined in paragraphs UG-28, VG-29, and UG-30 of
Section VIII , Division 1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code should be followed.

Longitudinal Stress
LEG 3
The internal pressure stress, S1o, should be determined
by the followilg equation:

^'' PD.
4t,

Thermal Expansion Stress

The thermal expansion stress is calculated using the fol-
lowing Code equation:

5" = 1iv./z) Figure 1-3. Header and branch connections'

 Piping Stress Handbook

sk = I& 19'frll4t . 1.s51, ANSI 831.3 Ghemical plant and

4t^ z Petroleum Refinery piping Code Stress
(see Chapter 3 for 56)
Compliances (1984)
As can be seen from the equation, the longitudinal
stress due to pressure. weight, and other sustainid loads
should be less than or equal to the Sh for the rnaterial.
Pressure Stress

Occasional Longitudinal Stress The minimum allowed wall thickness is calculated by

using the design pressure in the following equation:

The occasional longitudinal stress, S1o, is the algebraic

(P) (o. D.)
summation of the longitudinal sustained weight striss the
, +A (see Chapter 6)
longitudinal pressure stress, and occasionai stresr. S," i. 2 (SE + yP)

9{cu,tatea using the following Code equation (Seciion where :

104.8.2, Equation 12): P Design pressure, psig
O. D. = Actual pipe outside diameter, in.
PD" 0.75iM, SE : Maximum allowable stress in material
" _
".-+t,--z*'<KSn
0.75iMh
due to internal pressure and joint effi-
crency
y: A coefficient having values as given in
As can be seen from the equation, the longitudinal
the ANSI Code, Tabte 304.1.1, A;
stress due to occasional loads should be less than-or eoual
normally 0.4
to k sh.
.875 : A factor used to account to the indus-
ty's 12.5% mill tolerance on finished_
wall thicknesses
Allowable Thermal Expansion Stress A: Allowance for corrosion, erosion,
etc., in.
The thermal expansion stress is calculated usins the fol_
lowing Code equation (Secrion 104.8.3 tA), Equation The allowed pressure is calculated by using:
13):

S" : iM"/Z < Puo*

2 (SE) (r- - A)
(see Chapter 6)
S" + f(Sh - S)(see Chapter 3 for S") O.D.-2y(t^-A)
As can be_ seen from the equation, the thermal expan_
. where tm = .875 x wall thickness, in.
sion stress should be less than or equal to S". SE : Maximum allowable stress of the material
for internal pressure considering the joint
efficiency
Sustained-Plus-Thermal-Expansion
Stress
Expansion Stress
The sustained-plus-thermal-expansion stress, Sh + Se,
The expansion stress is calculated using the Code equa-
is the algebraic summation of the longitudinal stress due
to sustained loads and the thermal exDansion stress. tion (Section 319.4.4, Eqtation 17).
S1, * S. is calculated using rhe following iquation:
S": (S52 + 4sr2)r/2

sr, + sE = I& +
o75iM"
+it" . ,r- * a", where S" : Computed expansion stress, psi
4t"ZZ 56 = Resultant bending stress, psi
S5 = [(i1M), +(t"M"r2]t/2lz
As can be seen from the equation, the sustained-plus- S, : Torsional stress, psi, = Mtl2Z
thermal-expansion stress should be less than or eouil to Mr = In-plane bending moment, in.Jb
the sum of S1 and S,. M" = Out-of-plane bending moment, in.Jb
 Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes 7

Mr = Torsional moment on cross section, in.-lb ANSI B31.4 Liquid Petroleum

Z: Section modulus of pipe, in.l Transportation Piping Code Stress
i: Stress intensification factor
Compliances
(see Chapter 5)

For branch connections, the resultant bending stress

(56) is calculated using the Code equations (Section Pressure Stress
319.4.4, Equations 19 and 20):
The minimum allowed walfthickness pressure stress is
For the header (Legs I and 2 in Figure 1-3): calculated by using the internal pressure in the equation:

-\:- [(iiM)' + (i"M"t]r/'? :PD"+A

Z - 2S
where P Pressure, psig
For the branch (Leg 3): D" Actual pipe outside diameter, in.
A Allowance for corrosion, erosion,
+ (LM"lll"
Sr= fti,Mif S
etc., in.
(0.72) (E) (SMYS), psi
Z.
SMYS Specified minimum yield strength,
where 56 = Resultant bending stress, psi
z" : Effective section modulus for the branch,
psi, Thble 1-l
in.3, = 1.21. ,. E: Weld joint factor, Thble 1-2

fm = Mean branch cross-sectional radius, in.

t" = Effective branch wall thickness, in., =
lesser of t1 and (L) (tb)
Longitudinal Stress
: Thickness of pipe matching run of tee or
header exclusive of reinforcing pad or The longitudinal pressure stress is computed in accor-
saddle, in. dance with the Code using the equation:
1.
= Thickness of pipe matching branch, in.
lo = Out-of-plane stress intensification factor -
\. PD"
li = In-olane stress intensification factor "rP= -_:
4t
where S1o : Longitudinal pressure stress, psi
For elbows and miter bends, the resultant bending P = Internal pressure. psig
stresses (S5) calculated using the Code equation (Section t : Actual pipe wall thickness, in.
319.4.4, Equation 18): D" = Nominal outside diameter of the pipe, in.

Su : Resultant bending stress, psi

MI

[(i'MJ2 + (i"M.l]'/2
^
'o=-_.v-
where ii = In-plane stress intensification factor
lo: Out-of-plane stress intensification factor
Mi: In-plane bending bending moment, in.-lb
(see Figure 14)
M"= Out-of-plane bending moment, in.-lb (see
Figure 1-4)
"'&.
Z: Section modulus of pipe, in.3

A conservative equation generally utilized for the calcu- ^,,Qr

iation of the allowable expansion stress range is given in
the ANSI Code 831.3 Section 302.3.58d, Equation 1:
Figure 1-4. ln-plane and out-of-plane bending mo-
s" : f(1.25 s" + .25 Sh) Gee Chapter 4) ments.
 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 1-1
Tabulation of Examples of Allowable Stresses for Reterence Use in Liquid petroleum
Transportation piping
systems
Allowablestless values (s) shown in this Table are equal to 0-72 x t (weldjoint factor) x specified minimum yield strength
of the pipe.
Allowable stressvalues shown are for neE pipe of known specification.
Allowable strcss values for new pipe ofunknown
specification, ASTM A 120 specification orused (reclaimed)
fipe shalr be dete,-ined in accordance $/ith 402.3.1.
some code computations, particularly with regard to bianch connections
.. .-For Isee 404.3.1 (d) (3)] and expansion, flex-
ibility, structural atlachments, supports, and restraints (Chapter II, Part
5), the weiojoint factorZ. need not be considercd.
For specified mintnum yield strength of other grades in ipproved specifications,
reter to that particular specification.
Allowable slress value for cold worked pipe subsequently heated to 600 F or higher (welding
excepted) shall be 75 per-
cent of value listed in Table.
Definitions for the various types of pipe are given in 400.2_

Specified (s)
Min Yield (E\ Allowable Stress Value
Strength Weld Joint
psi -20 F to 250 F
Specification Gmde Notes Faclor psl
Seamless
API 5L 425 25,000 (l) 1.00 r8,000
A-PI5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 106 A 30,000 (l) (2) r.00 21,600
API5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A I06 B 35,000 (l) (2) 1.00 25,200
ASTM A 106 c 40,000 (r') (2) 1.00 28,800
ASTM A 524 I 35,000 (1) 1.00 25,200
ASTM A 524 II 30,000 (l) r.00 21,600
API sLU u80 80,000 {l) (4) 1.00 57,600
API 5LU ul00 100,000 (1) (4) 1.00 72,000
API sLX x42 42,000 (l) (2) (4) 1.00 30,250
API 5LX x46 46,000 (l) (2) (4) 1.00 33,100
API 5LX x52 52,000 (l) (2) (4) 1.00 37,450
API 5LX x56 56,000 (l) (4) 1.00 40,300
API 5LX x60 60,000 (1) (4) 1.00 43,200
API sLX x65 65,000 (l) (4) 1.00 46,800
API 5LX x70 70,000 (1) (4) r.00 50,400
Furnace Welded-8utt Wetded
ASTM A 53 2s,000 (t) (2, 0.60 r0,800
API 5L Class t & Class fi A25 2s,000 (l) (2) (3) 0.60 10,800
API 5L (Bessemer), ASTM A 53 (Bessemer) 30,000 0) (2) (s) 0.60 12,950
F!rnace Weided-Lap Welded
A-PI5L Class I 25,000 (1) (2) (6) 0.80 14,400
API 5L Class II 28,000 (1) (2) (6.) 0.80 t6,150
API 5L (Bessemer) 30,000 (l) (2) (6) 0.80 17,300
API 5L Electric Furnace 2s,00o (1) (2) (6) 0.80 14,400
Elecrric Resistance Wetded and Elecrric Flash Wetded
API 5L A25 25,000 (l) (7) 1.00 18,000
API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A I35 A 30,000 (2) 0.85 18,360
API 5L, API 5LS, ASTM A 53, ASTM A I35 30,000 (l) 1.00 21,600
API 5L, ASTM A 53, ASTM A I35 B 35,000 (2\ 0.85 2l,420
API 5L, API 5LS, ASTM A 53, ASTM A 135 B 3s,000 (l) 1.00 25,200
API sLS, API 5LX x42 42,000 (l) (2) (4) 1.00 30,250
ATI sLS, API 5LX x46 46,000 0) (2) (4) 1.00 33,r00
API 5LS, API 5LX x52 s2,000 (1) (2) (4) 1.00 3',t,4SO
API 5LS, API sLX x56 56,000 (l) (4) r.00 40,300
API sLS, API 5LX x60 60,000 0) (4) 1.00 43,200
A}I 5LS, API 5LX x65 65,000 (l) (4) r.00 46,800
API 5LS, API 5LX x70 70,000 (l) (4) 1.00 50,400
API 5LU u80 80,000 (1) (4) 1.00 57600
API sLU ul00 100,000 (l) (4) 1.00 '72,000

Reptuduced fron ANSI/ASME Code 831.4-1979, Tabte 402.3- l. Reprinted courtes! ofTh" e^"riron soi"ry of Munonirot rrxin"ug
 Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes

Table 1-1
Continued

Specified (s)
Min Yield (E) Allowable S$ess Value
(iranorh Joint
Weld -20 F to 250 F
Specification @o" Notes FactOr psi

Electric Fusion Welded

ASTM A I34 0.80
ASTM A I39 A 30.000 (1) (2) 0.80 17,300
ASTM A I39 t'rooo (1) (2) 0.80 20,150
ASTM A I55 : (2) (8) 0.90
ASTM A I55 (1) (8) 1.00

Submerged Arc Welded

API 5L, API 5IJ A 30,000 (l) 1.00 21500
API 5L, API 5LS B 35,000 (l) 1.00 25,200
API 5LS, API sLX x42 42,000 (l) (2) (4) 1.00 30,250
API 5LS, API 5LX x46 46,000 (r) (2) (4) r.00 33,100
API sLS, API 5LX x52 52,000 (l) (2) (4) 1.00 3',t,450
API 5LS, API 5LX x56 56,000 (l) (4) 1.00 40,300
API 5LS, API 5LX x60 60,000 (l) (4) 1.00 43,200
API sLS, API sLX x65 65,000 (1) (4) r.00 46,800
API sLS, API 5LX x?0 70,000 (l) (4) 1.00 50,400
API 5LU u80 80,000 (1) (4) 1.00 57,600
API 5LU u100 100,000 (l) (4) 1.00 72,000
ASTM A 38I Y35 35,000 (l) (2) r.00 25,200
ASTM A 381 v42 42,000 (l) (2) 1.00 30,2s0
ASTM A 38I Y46 46,000 (l) (2) 1.00 33,100
ASTM A 381 Y48 48,000 (l) (2) 1.00 34,550
ASTM A 38I Y50 50,000 (l) 1.00 36,000
ASTM A 38I ]/52 52,000 (l) 1.00 37,450
ASTM A 38I Y60 60,000 (l) 1.00 43,200
ASTM A 38I Y65 65,000 (l) 1.00 ,+6,800

NOTES (l)Weld joint factor E (se€ Table 402.4.3) and allowable stress value a.e applicable to pipe manufactured after
1954.
(2)Weld joinr factor ,. (see Table 402.4.3) and allowabte stress value are applicable to pipe manuf.ctured befote
l9 59.
(3)Class It produced under API sL 23rd Edition, 1968, or earlier has a specified minimum yield srrensth of
2a,OOO psi.
(4) Other Itades provided for in API sLS, API sLU, and API 5LX not precluded.
(s)Manufacturewas discontinued and process deleted from API 5L in 1969-
(6)Manufacture was discontinued and process deleted ftom API 5L in 1962.
(?) A25 is not produced in electric flash w€ld.
(8)See applicable plate specification fo. yield point and r€fer to 402.3.1 for calculation of(S).

Allowable Longitudinal Stress where SMYS : Specified minimum yield strength, psi
(see Thble 1- 17

Allowable Expansion Stress Range for

The allowable stress value for additive longitudinal Unrestrained Piping
by the Code in Section 419.6.4(c):
stresses is given
This is given by:

Sr (allow) : 0.75 S" S" : 0.72 (SMYS)

where Su = The allowable expansion stress range, psi where SMYS : Specified minimum yield strength, psi
: 0.72 SMYS (see Table l-lr
 10 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 1-2
Weld Joint Factor E

Weld Joint Factort

Specification
Pipe Mfrd. Pipe Mfrd.
Number
Before 1959 Afler 1958
ASTM A 53 Seamless 1.00 1.00
Electric-Resistance-welded
0.85 (2) 1.00
Furnace Lap-Welded 0.80 0.80
Furnace Butt-Welded 0.60 0.60
ASTM A 106 Seamless 1.00 1.00
ASTM A I34 Electdc-Fusion (Arc)-Welded single or double pass 0.80 0.80
ASTM A 135 Electric-Resistance-Welded 0.85 (2) 1.00
ASTM A I39 Electric-Fusion-Welded single or double pass 0.80 0.80
ASTM A I55 Electric-Fusion-Welded
0.90 1.00
ASTM A 381 Electric-Irusion-Welded, Double Submerged Arc-Welded
1.00
API 5L Seamless 1.00 1.00
Electric-Resistance-welded
Electric-Flash-Welded
0.85 (2) l 00
0.8s (2) 1.00
Electric-Induction-welded
1.00
Submerged Arc-Welded
l-00
Furnace Lapwelded 0.80 0.80 (3)
Furnace Butt-Welded 0.60 0.60
API sLS Electric-Resistance-welded
1.00
Submerged Arc-Welded
t.00
API 5LX Seamless 1.00 1.00
Electdc-Resistance-Welded 1.00 1.00
Electdc-Flash-lvelded 1.00 1.00
Electdc-Induction-Welded
1.00
Submerged Arc-Welded 1.00 1.00
API 5LU Sean ess
Electlic-Resistance-Welded
- 1.00

Electdc-Flash-Welded
-_ 1.00
1.00
Electric-lnduction-Welded _ r.00
Submerged Arc-Welded
Known
- 1.00
Known (4) (5)
Unknown Seamless 1.00 (6) 1.00 (6)
Unknown Electric-Resistance or F'lash-Wetded 0.8s (6) 1.00 (5)
Unknown Electric-[jusion-Welded 0.80 (6) 0.80 (6)
Unknown Furnace Lap-Welded or ovet 4lz" OD 0.80 (7) 0.80 (7)
Unknown I:urnacc Butt-welded or 4%" OD and smaller 0.60 (8) 0.60 (8)
NOTES: (l) Definilions for the various pipe types (wetd joints) are given in 400.2,
(2) A weld joint factor of I o may be used for electric-resistance-welded or etectric-flash-wetded pipe
manufac-
t ured prior to I 9 5 9 where (a) pipe furn ishe d un der this c tassifica
! ion has been su bj"" t"o to pp'r"'-"ni"i i""t"
and/or heat treatmenls as aFeed to by the supplier and the purchaser, and such sujplementat"u teits analor rreai
treatment demonstrate the strength characteristics of the weld lo be equal to the rninimum tensite itrength
,^. speciried for the pipe, or (b) pipe has been tested as requi.ed for a new pipetine in accordance with a3z.4.i
(r,| Il1anuracrure was discontinued and proeess deleted from AI,I SL in t 962.
(4) Factors shown above for pipe manufactuled before r959 apply for new or used (rectaimed) pipe if pipe speci-
fication and pipe lvpe ate known and it is known that pile was manufacrured before r'9i9 ri.i r""*"
whether manufactured after 19S8. ".
(5) Factots shown above for pipe manufactured aft€r 1958 apply for new or used (rectaimed) pipe if pipe spec!
ficarion and pip€ type are known and it is known rhar pip; was manufactured aiter 195s.-
(6) Factor apPlies for new or used pipe of unknown specific;tion and ASTM A t 20 if type of weld joint is known.
(7) Factor applies fot new or used pipe of unknown specification and ASTM A l2o if iipe or *eta j"irr i" i"o*tl
lo be furnace lap-wetded, or for pipe over 4% in. OD if type ofjoinr is unknown.
(8) Factor applies for new or used pipe of unknown specification and ASTM A l20 if type of weld joint is known
to be firrnace butt-welded, or for pipe 4% in. OD and smalter if type of joint is unknown.

Reproduced from ANSI Code 831.419D, Toble ,t02.4.3. Reprinad coutksy of The Arncicai Sociey oJ Mechanical Engineers.
 Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes 11

Longitudinal Expansion Stress for M" = Bending moment out oi or transverse to,
plane of member, in.Jbs
Restrained Piping Mt : Torsional moment, in.-lbs
ii : Stress intensification factor under bending
For restrained piping, use the longitudinal expansion in plane
ANSI Code 831.4, Sec-
stress from the equation given in
tion 419.6.4 ft):
Allowable Shear Stress
Sr:E(a)(Tr-T1)-v(S)
The allowable stress value in shear is computed in ac-
cordance with the ANSI Code B31.4, Section 402.3.1 (e):
where g: Longitudinal compressive stress, psi
E= Modulus of elasticity of steel, psi 56 (allow) : (.45) (S I,IYS)
Sr. = Hoop stress due to fluid pressure, psi
Tr : Temperature at time of installation, 'F
Tz : Maximum or minimum operating temper- Allowable Internal Pressure Stress
ature, oF
a= Linear coefficient of thermal expansion, The allowed internal pressure stress is S, where S=
in./in./'F (0.72) (E) (SMYS), psi
v: Poisson's ratio = 0.3 for steel

Allowable Expansion Stress Range for DOT/831 .8 Gas Transmission and

Restrained Piping Distribution Piping Systems Stress
Compliances (1982)
This is calculated by using:

s" : 0.90 (SMYS) Pressure Stress

where SMYS = Specified minimum yield strength of
The design pressure for steel gas piping systems or the
the pipe, psi (see Table l-1)
nominal wall thiclmess for a given pressure is determined
by:
The expansion stress for unrestrained piping is calcu-
2s' (F) (E) (T)
lated by using: P=
D
S.: [56, + 4S,2]r2
(For limitations see Section 84l.l2l)
where P : Design pressure, psig
where S" : Computed expansion stress, psi S: Specified minimum yield strength, psi (see
^.Z [(iiM), + (LI\AF]I" Table 1-3). For special limitations on S see
Section 841.121 (e) and (f).
: equivalent bending stress, psi D: Nominal outside diameter of pipe, in.
Sr = :
MJ2Z torsional stress, psi Nominal wall thickness, in.
Mi = Bending moment in plane of member (for F: Construction-type design factor obtained
members having significant orientation, from Table 14
such as elbows or tees: for the latter the E: I-ongitudinal joint factor obtained from Th-
moments in the header and branch por- ble l-5 (see also Section 811.253 (d)
tions are to be considered separately), in.- Temperature derating factor obtained from
lbs Table 1-6
12 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 1-3
specified Minimum Yield strength for steel and lron pipe commonly used in piping systems.
Specilication Tvpe (l) SMYS (psi)

A?I5L BW, ERW, S 25,000

API5L ERW, FW, S, DSA 30,000
API 5L ERW FW, S, DSA 35,000
A?t 5LS (2) ERW, DSA 30,000
API 5LS ERW, DSA 3s,000
API 5LS ERW, DSA 42,000
API sLS ERW, DSA 46,000
API 5LS ERW, DSA 52,000
A?I sLS ERW, DSA 56,000
API SLS ERW, DSA 60,000
API sLS ERW, DSA 65,000
API sLS ERW, DSA 70,000
API SLX (2) ERw' FW, S, DSA 42,000
A?I sLX ERW, FW, S, DSA 46,000
API 5LX ERW, FW, S, DSA 52,000
API 5LX ERW, FW, S, DSA 55,000
API sLX ERw' FW, S, DSA 60,000
API5LX ERW, FW, S, DSA 55,000
API5LX ERW, Fw' S, DSA 70,000
ASTM A53 BW 25,000
ASTM 453 BW 30,000
ASTM A53 ERW, S 30,000
ASTM A53 ERW, S 3s,000
ASTM AI06 S 10,000
ASTM A106 s 35,000
ASTM AI 06 c......... s 40,000
ASTM AI35 ERW 30,000
ASTM AI35 B......... ERW 35,000
ASTM AI39 A......... EFW 30,000
ASTM AI ]9 EFW 35,000
ASTM A381 Clas Y-35 .. DSA 3s,000
ASTM A38I cla$ Y 42 .. DSA 42,000
ASTM A38I Clas Y46 . . DSA 46,000
ASTM A38I class Y-48 . . DSA 48,000
ASTM A38I clas. Y-50 . . DSA 50,000
ASTM A381 Cla\s Y-s2 . . DSA 52,000
ASTM A38I Class Y-56 .. DSA s6,000
ASTM A381 Class Y60 . DSA 60,000
ASTM A38I Class Y-65 . . DSA 55,000
ASTM AI34 EFW (3)
ASTM AI55 EFW (3)
ASTM A333 I S, ERW 30,000
ASTM 4333 3 S, ERW 35,000
ASTM 4333 S 35,000
ASTM A333 6 S, ERW 35,000
,7
ASTM 4333 S, ERW 35,000
ASTM A333 8 S, ERW 75,000
ASTM 4333 9 S, ERW 46,000
ASTM A559 ERW 35,000

(l) Abbreviarions: BW Furnace butl-welded; ERW- Electric resistance weld€d; S-Seamtess: FW Fhsh w€lded:
-
EFw - Electric fusion weldedi DSA- Double subme.led,a.c welded.
(i!) Intermediate Brades ar€ available in API 5LS and 5LX.
(3) S€€ applicabl€ plat€ specification for SMYS.

Note: This tablc is not conplete. R)r minimum specified yield strength of other grades and erades in approved specifications, rcfer to the particulor
specification.
Reproduced Iron ANSI/ASME Code 831.8-1982, Appenn& D. Repdnted courvsy of me Americon Societt of Mechanicat Engineers.
 Basic Theory of Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes 13

Expansion Stress
Table 1-4
Values of Design Factor F
This is calculated by using the Code equation:
Conslruclion Type
F
(Scc 841.151) Design Factor
S" = (S6'? + 4S,2)r/2
Type A 0.11
Type B 0.60 where Se = Computed expansion stress, PSi
Typc (' 0.5 0
Sr: Resultant bending stress, Psi iM/Z :
Type D 0.,10
St= Torsional stress, psi Mtl2Z :
Reproduced Irom ANSI/ASME Code 831.&1982, Table Ul IC. Repnntud M: Resultant bending moment on cross sec-
courtesy of The Ameicon Society of Mecha ical Engineers. tion, in.lbs
M, : Torsional moment on cross section,
Table 1-5 lbs
Longitudinal Joint Factor E z=
:-
Section modulus of piPe, in.3
Stress intensification factor (see ANSI
Spec. Number Pipe Clrss C Fr.tol Code B31.8, Appendix E)
ASTIU A53 L00
Llcctric Resistancc Weldcd 1.00
Furnrcc Bult Welded .60
AST}I A106 Scrmicss l 00 Allowable ExPansion Stress Range
AS IN{ A 134 lllcclric Irusion Art Wcldcd .80
Llectric ResislLrnce Wclded 1.00
AST}'1 A] 35
.30
This is calculated by using:
AST\'1 A1]9 lllcclric Fusion wclded
ASTM A]55 Llcctric Ijusion Arc Wclded L00
ASTM ,42I I Spiral WeLded Stccl PiPe .80 S" = 0.72 (SMYS)
ASTM A38I Doublc Submergcd'AIc-welded r.00
API 5L Sc:rmLess l .00 where SMYS : Specified minimum yield strength, psi
Llcctric Rcsistxncc weldcd L00 (see Table 1-3)
Elcclric Flash Wcld.d 1.00
Furnace llut l Welded .60
*l:urnace L!p-Wcldcd .80
API 5I X Sermlcss L00
Elcctric Rcsistirncc Wcldcd L00
1.00
Llectric I:lash WcLded
Submcrgcd Arc Weldcd 1.00
Longitudinal Pressure Stress
llectric Rcsistancc Welded r .00
API 5LS
Subnergcd Arc Welded l.00 This is computed by using:
Note: Definitions for the virious chsses of welded pipe Nre
given in 804.243 PD"
*Manufactu.ewasdiscontinued and process deleted from API -''
srn=-
5L in 1962. 4r
n"proa*"a.Iro^ ,tNSttlSME Code 831 8-1982, Thble UI lA Reprihted
courtesj of me American Society of Mechanical Engineers where P : Design pressure, psig
n: Outside diameter of pipe, in.
Pipe wall thickness, in.
Table 1-6
Temperature Derating Factor I for Steel Pipe
The sum of the longitudinal pressure and longitudinal
Tcmpcrrtulc TelnPcrirrure Dtrating bending stresses due to external loads such as weight of
Degfccs Fahrcnhelt l:!ctor f pipe and contents, wind, etc., should not exceed'75% of
150 t or less r .000 thl a owable stress in the hot condition. The allowable
300 | 0.967 for the sum of the longitudinal stresses is given by:
350 F 0.9 31
400 tl 0.900
0.867
51 : (allow) : 0.7s (S) (F) (T)
450 F
intcrp(tl!te for derating
Note: For intermediLite temperatures where S = Specified minimum yield strength, psi
E_ Design factor obtained from Table 1-4
frffiiififi 'qNs ASME code
B3t E-1982, rabtc 84l lB Reprinted .l|_
Temperature derating factor, Table 1-6
courtesy of The American Sociery of Mechanical Engi eers
14 Piping Stress Handbook

Standard Outline for ANSI Bg1 Codes 2. Fuel gas piping covered by the ANSI Codes B3l . 1 ,
B31.3, 831.8, Z2l.3O, or ZtO6.l
3. Pressure vessels covered by the ASME B and pV
ANS|Code 831.1: Power Piping Code.
4. Gas gathering, transmission, and distribution sys-
Includes tems covered by ANSI Code B31.8.
5. LPG in the liquid state.
l. Power and auxiliary service piping systems for elec- 6. Fuel gas-air mixtures in the combustible or flam-
tric generating plants. mable range.
2. Industrial and institutional plants (also see ANSI ly'ore.' This Code will be withdrawn when the new issue
Code 831.9). of ANSI Code 7223.1 (which does not reference ANSI
3. Central and district heating plants (also see ANSI Code B31.2) is released. This service will be covered by
Code 831.9). ANSI Codes 831.9 and 2223.1.
4. All piping and cornponent parts within or part of
plants as previously specified, unless specifically
excluded. ANSI Code B31.3: Chemical Plant and
5. Boiler external piping which is covered under the Petroleum Refinery Piping
ASME Code, Section I, stamping requirements.
6. Geothermal steam and hot water piping.
lncludes
7 . Oil or gas piping , downstream of meter, within plant
identified in l, 2. or 3, above.
1. All piping within the property limits of facilities en-
8. Air and hydraulic distribution syslems.
gaged in the processing or handling of chemical or
petroleum or related products.
Exctudes
Excludes
1. Piping specifically covered by other ANSI/ASME
sections.
1. Nonhazardous fluid piping with pressures between 0
2. Components covered by ASME B and pV Code.
and 15 psi (100 kPa) and temperatures ranging from
J. Fuel gas in industrial and institutional plants.
4. Building heating and distriburion sream piping for 15 -20'F (-29"C) to 366'F (186"C).
psi (100 kPa) gauge or less or hot water systems for
2. Piping covered by the ASME B and PV Code, Sec-
tion I or ANSI Code B31 . 1, which requires Section
30 psi (200 kPa) gauge or less.
5. Roof drains, floor drains, plumbing, sewer or fire
I, Inspection and Stamping @.E.P. Piping).
protecflon systems.
3. Pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, etc., in-
cluding internal piping and connections for external
b. Piping for hydraulic or pneumatic tools.
piping.
7. Piping for nuclear power plants.
4. Piping within the property limits which has been
designated for design according to the ANSI Code
831.4 or 831.8 or to government regulation (pipe-
line rights-of-way).
ANSI Code 831.2: Fuel Gas Piping 5. Plumbing or sewers.
6. Piping for fire protection systems (covered by insur-
Includes ance underwriter's requirements).

1. Natural gas.
2. Manufactured gas. ANSI Code 831.4: Liquid Petroleum
3. LPG-air mixtures above the combustible limit. Transporiation Piping Systems
4. LPG-in the gaseous state.
lncludes
Excludes
1. Piping transporting liquid petroleum and petroleum
1. Fuel gas piping where the metal temperature is products between the producer's facilities and deliv-
above 450"F (232"C) or below -20"F (-29.C\. ery and receiving points.
 Basic Theory ol Pipe Stress and ANSI/ASME Codes 15

Excrudes Excludes

1. Water air, steam, lube oil, gas, and fuel piping.
2. Pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps' meters'
etc., including internal piping and connecUons to ex-
ternal piping.
3. Piping systems designed for internal pressures less
than 15 psi (100 kPa).
4. Piping systems designed for internal pressures
greater than 15 psi (100 kPa) where the design tem-
perature is below -2O"F (-29"C) or above 250"F
(120'C).
5. Casing, tubing, or pipe used in oil wells, wellhead
assemblies, and piping connecting those assemblies'
6. Piping covered by the ANSI Code B31.3 or B31.8.
7. Ammonia reftigeration piping systems'
1. Pressure vessels and piping covered by the ASME B
and PV Code.
2. Piping systems with metal temperatures above
450'F Q32'C) or below -20'F (-29"C).
3. Piping in chemical plant or refinery property limits'
natural gasoline extraction plans' etc. ' covered by
ANSI Code 831.3.
4. Atmospheric vent piping for waste gases.
5. Low pressure gas which is covered by ANSI Code
831.4.
6. Wellhead assemblies.
7. Proprietary items of equipment.

ANSI Code 831.9: Building Services

Piping
ANSI Code 831.5: Refrigeration Piping
lncludes'
,ncrudes
1. Piping systems for building services for industrial,
commercial, public, institutional, and multi-unit res-
1. Refrigeration and brine piping systems down to
idential buildings.
-350'F (- 196"C) either erected on the premises
or factory assembled, unless specifically excluded.
Examoles:
Excludes
A. Dual+emperature water for heating and cooling'
1. Self-contained refrigeration systems covered by re- B. Chilled water.
quirements of Underwriter's Laboratories or other C. Condensing water.
nationally recognized testing laboratories. D. Hot water.
2. Water piping systems. E. Steam and condensate return
3. Piping systems with internal or external pressure of F. Compressed air and other nonflammable gases.
tS psi ltOO kPa) or less. G. Fuel gas over 60 psi (415 kP-a) _(tuel.gas ulder 60
psi is covered by the new ANSI Code 2223'1)

Excludes
ANSI Code 831 .8: Gas Transmission and
Distribution Piping 1. Pressure limit exclusions:

,ncrudes A. Steam: 125 psi (860 kPa) Gauge

B. Nontuel gas: 125 (860 kPa) Gauge
1. Gas transmission pipelines. C. Liquids: 300 (2,070 kPa) Gauge
2. Gas compressor stations. D. Full vacuum for all fluids
3. Gas metering and regulation stations.
4. Gas mains.
5. Service lines to oudet of customer's meter set'
6. Gas storage lines and storage equipment of the
* (as per latest draft.)
closed-pipe type.
 16 Piping Stress Handbook

2. Other exclusions: Excludes

A. Piping systems covered by ANSI Code B3l . I l. Vessels, heat exchangers, condensers, pumps,
B. Sanitary, potable water, and storm drain piping com-
pressors, expanders, scrubbers, ana
c. Fire protection systems b*rer equlp_
ment.
D.
4c:tylene, hydrogen, oxygen and medical gas 2. rr'acuumpiping systems which supply insulating vac-
Plpng uum !o vacuum jackets of cryogenic piping
E. Fuel oil piping ,
J. rtpmg sysrems specifically covered by ANSI
syJtems.
Codas
831.5 or 831.3 lwording of draft).

ANSI Code 831.10: Cryogenic piping*

lncludest

1. Liquid-solid mixtures (or slush), operating at tem_ ANSI Gode 831.11: Slurry piping
qg-ra1u1ej-rgcinS ftom r2OK (_ 244"F, _ 153 "C) ro Systems
(-4^59"8 -273"C), either erected on the prem_
9K
ises or factory assembled.
lncludes

* (Io t. Initial coverage will be coal transported in water.

be included io tuture ANSI Code 831.3)
r (as per latest draft.) 2. Future coverages will include slurries ofother solids
transported in nonhazardous liquids.
Coeflicients of Thermal Expansion

This chapter contains tables of the coefficients of ther-

mal expansion (Tbble 2-1) and other tables relating to the
physical properties of piping materials (Tables 2-2
through 2-4).

17
18 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-1
Coefticients of Thermal Expansion
(in./100 ft)

Carbon Steel Austenitic

Carbon-moly 5 CRMO Siainless 12 Cr
Temp, Low-chrome Thru Steels '17 Ct Monel 3t12
(F) (Thru 3 Cr Mo) 9CrMo 18Cr8Ni 27 Cl 25 Cr 20 Ni 67 Ni 30 Cu Nickel

-32t -?.370 -) ,ri -J.t'5 -2.040 -2.620

-320 -2.344 -3.806 -2.016 -z .595 -2.234
-315 -2.313 -2.I72 -r .992 -2 .572
-3r0 -2.292 -2. t48 -2.202
-305 -2.?.66 -2.124 -t .944 -2 .524 -2. 185
-300 -2.240 -2. I00 -t .920 -2.500 -2 .170
-295 -2.214 -3.586 -1.896 -2.150
-290 2. | 8 -2.052 -1 .87? -2.452 -2. I 30
-2 nua -3.498 -l.848
-?80 2.135 -2.004 -3.454 -l .824 -2.404 -2.090
-275 -2. l r0 -l .980 -3.410 -l .80 -2.380 -2.070
-210 -2.084 -J.lOO -2.356 -2.048
-265 -2.058 -I al, -1.752
-260 -2.A32 -l .908 -2.30B -2.0c4
-255 -2.006 1.884 -3,234 -l .704 -2.284 -t .982
-250 -r .980 -t .850 -3.r9 -l .68 -2 260 -1.960
-245 -t .954 -r.836 -3. 146 -2.?36 -1 .940
-240 - 1.928 -l.312 -1 ln? -? 21? -t.920
-3.058 -1.614 -2. I88 -t.900
-230 -1.e76 -1 ,7 64 -3.014 -2 ,164 -t .830
-225 -r .850 -2.960 -r .570 -1 .860
-2?0 -1 . A22 -1.715 -2.914 -t .548 -2. 1 16 -1 .840
-2l5 -l .794 -2.870 -1.525 -2.092 -1.820
-210 -l . 765 -1.558 -2.824 -1.504 -2.068 -t.800
-205 -1.738 -1.644 -2.778 -t .482 -?.044 -l .780
-200 -1. 710 -l .520 -1.46 -t .760
-r 95 -l .589 -r .438 -1 .996
-190 -l . 658 -t .57: -!.540 -1 .4r6 -1 .704
-l .548 -l .394 -1 .948
-t a0 -l . 606 -t .524 -1 .37? -t .924 -t .648
-r 75 -i .5B0 -t.50 -2.500 -r .350 -1 .90 1 .620
-170 -r . 554 4.474 -2.454 -1 .8;8 -1 .592
-l .448 -2.40a -t.305 -t.355
-r 60 -1 .500 -1.284 -1.s34 -r.536
-r 55 -1 .47 4 -1.262 -1.3t2 -r.50s
-r 50 -r .450 -1 .370 -1 .240 -1.480
-145 -r . 420 -1.342 -2.218 -1.214 -1.750
-r40 -1.390 -l.314 -2. t56 -t.188 -1.710 -l .420
-t 35 -r .350 -r.286 -2.114 -1.162 -t .670 -1 .390
-r 30 -t .330 -1.258 -t. t36 -r .630 -t.360
-125 -r .300 -l .230 -2.0r -1.110 -'t.330
-120 -1.210 -r.200 -l .084 -1 .548 -1.298
-1l5 -t .240 -t . 170 -t .906 -r.05t -r.506 -1 .255
-t t0 -1.210 -l . 140 -1 .854 -r .454 -l .234
-r05 -1. r80 -'t. 0 -t .802 -1.006 -1 .422 -1 .202

-r00 -1 .150 -l .080 -1./) -0. 98 -1 .380 -t .170

-t .052 -t .700 -0.954 -t.34 -t.138
- 90 -r .090 -1.024 -r.550 -1 .30 -t.105
- 35 -r .050 -1.600 -0.902 -1.25 -r .074
- 80 -1.030 -1.550 -0.876 -1 .042
 Coelticients of Thermal Expansion 19

Table 2-1
Continued

Carbon Sleel Austenitic

Carbon-moly 5 CRMO Stainless 12 Cr
Temp. Low-chrome Thru Steels 17 Cl Monel 31h
(F) Ohru 3 Cr Mo) 9CrMo 18Cr8Nl 27 Cr 25 Cr 20 Nl 67 Ni 30 Cu Nickel

- 15 -l .000 -0.940 -l .500 -u.6: -i. t6 -1 .010

- 70 -0.97 -0. 910 -l . 44A -0.824 -l.t4 -.976
- 65 -0.94 -0.880 -0.798 -1. r0 -.942
- 60 -0.91 -0.850 4.772 -l .06 -.908
- 55 -0.88 -0.820 -1 ,29? 4.746 I .02 -.874
- 50 -0.84 -0. 790 -1.240 -0.840
- 45 -0. AoC -0.758 -r.188 -0.690 -0.938 -0.805
- 40 -0.716 - -0,7?6 -l .135 {,. OJU -0.895 -0.77?
- lJ -u. /.4{ -0.594 -l .084 -0. 600 -0.812
- 30 -0.712 -0.662

- 25 -0.680 -0.630 -0.980 -0.57 -0.77 -0.670

.20 -0.542 -.0596 -0.928 -0. 73
- 15 -0. 604 -0.552 -0.875 -0.51 -0.59 -0.602
- t0 -0.555 {r. !26 -0. s24 -0.48 -0.65
- 5 -0.528 -0.494 4.772 -0.45 -0. 6r -0.534

0 -0.49 -0.450 -0.720 -0.57 -0.5c

5 -0.455 4.428 -0 - 668 -n la -0. s3 -0.464
't0 -0. 396 -u.oto -0.36 -0 .4?a
-0. 388 -0.364 -0. 554 {.33 -0.392
?0 -0.354 -0.30 -0.41 -0.356

-0.300 -0.460 -0.370 -0. 3?0

:c -0.284 -0.24 -0.285
4.232 -0.350 -0.21 -0.302 -0.252
40 -0.2t2 -0.310 -0. 19 -0.268 -0.213
45 -0.175 -0. I 64 -0.250 -0. l5 -0.?34 -0- 184

-0.13 -0.210 4.12 -0.200 -0.r5

50 -0.140 -0.I50 -0. I l3
55 -0. t05 -0.098 -0. r 58
-u.uoo -0.105 -0.06 -0.100 4.076
60 -0.070 -0.050 -0.038
-0.034 -0.054
0 0 0 0
70 c 0 0

0.056 0.033 0.053 0.047 0.038

0.039 0.037
0.074 0.112 0,066 0. 106 0.094 0.076
a0 0.076 0.1 l4
c.l l4 0.lll 0. 158 0.099
0.212
0.140
0.t85 0. I52
90 0.152 0. 148 0.22s 0.137
0.1 85 0.2&. 0.t65 0.r90
0. 190
0.28 0.23
100
'105 0.230 0.22 0.340 0.200
6 t1t
0.320
0.268
0.268 0.258 0.396
0.424 0.375 0.306
I t0 0.306 0.294 0.452 0.264
0.344
I 15 0.344 0. 508 0.296 0.475 0.424
0.472 u.j64
120 0.382 0.370 0. 564 0.328 0.528

t25
'i30 0.420 0.40 0.520 0.350 0. 58 0.42
0.458 0.435 0.876 0. 394 0.568 0.458
135 0.496 0,472 0.428 0.584 u.oto 0.496
I 40 0.534 0.508 0.788 0.462 0.735 0,664 0.534
145 0.572 0.544 0.8'14 0.496 0.783 0.712 0.572

t50 0.510 0.580 0.90 0.530 0. 84 0.61

I 55 0.648 u-oto 0.956 0,892 0.798 0.548
r 60 0.685 0.552 t.012 0,594 0.944 0.846
t55 0.121 0.688 I .068 0.626 0.996 0.894 0.724
I70 0.762 0,724 1.124 u. 056 I . 048 0.942 0.752
 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-1
Continued

Carbon Steel Austenitic

Carbon-moly MO Stainless
5 CR 12 CJ
Temp. Low-chrome Thru 'l8Cr8Nl
Steels 17 Cr
Cr
Monel 3112

(D (Thru 3 Cr Mo) gCrMo 27 25 Cr 20 Nl 67 Ni 30 Cu Nickel

1.180 0.59 1.10 c.99 0.81

0.30 1.038 0.85
t30 0.834 0.796 0.724
0.832 ,?92 0.758 1.204 I .086 0.89
tdJ 0.876 1

r90 0.914 0.858 I 348 0.792 1.256 1.134

I .182
0.93
0.97
0.904 1.404 0.826 1.308
r95
'1.37 i.2? 1.01
200 0. 990 .940 I .46 0.85
l 034 .978 1.518 0.89d l 424 r .258
1.015 0.928 1.478 r.09
2t0 1.078
I .364
'1.13
1 .122 1.054 0.962
1.092 0.995 1.586 1.17
??a

225 r.2t0 1.130 1.750 I .03 1 .54 1 .460 . 210

?30 1 .248 1.170 1.806 t.c65

'1.102 I-7481 .594 r.508 .252
.294
1 .286 1.210 I .862 1.556
I .324 I .250 I.918 1.138 1.802 I .504
240
r.362 I .290 I .974 I.174 L865 I 652 .378
'I
.400 1.330 2.030 1.210 I .910 t.710
'I
.420
1 .244
250 1
.750 .462
I .368 1 .964 1
t55 .442 2.038
t60
1
1.484 I .405 ?.146 1.278 2.018 'I . S10 1 .504
I .444 2.244 1.312 2.072 1 .860 1.545
']
?.7 A
1.526
1.568 1.4A2 2-262 'I
.345 2.126 1.910 588

'I
.380 2.I80 1.950 t.630
t75 1.610 I .520 2.320
1.652 I . s58 ?.318
'I
.416 2.234 2.010
130
1.694 .596 2.435 I .454 2.288 2.060 I .714
1
I .490 ?.342 2.110 1.756
]. 534 2.444
290
1.672 2.552 I . 526 2.396 2.160 1 .798
295 1.778
1 .55 2.450 2.210 t.s4
t.s2 t .710 2.610
300
1 .748 2.568 l .596 2.504
I .864
305
r .786 2.726 I .532 2.558 2.302
310 1.908
I .824 2.744 I .558 ?.612 ?.348 I .956
1.952
I qq6 1.862 ?.842 I .704 2.666 2.394
320
1 .74 2.7? .44 2.050
1 .900
2
2.040 2.900 2.092
325
1.940 ' 2.960 1.77A 2.174 2.488
2.134
330
2.123 I .980 3.020 I.816 2.828 2.532
2.176
335
2.020 3.080 I .854 2.8A2
340 2.112 l.892 ?.935 ?.218
345 2. ?16 2.060 3.140
I .93 2.680 2.26
2. 100 3.200 2.99
2.302
2.140 3.260 I .956 3.044 2.728
355 2.304 2.002 3.098 2.176 2.344
350 ) 16F 2.180 3.320 2.038 3.152 A?L 2.386
) 142 2.2?0 3.380 2.074 3.205 '2,872 2.428
2.436 2.260 3.440
2.480 2.30 3.500 2. r I 3.26 2.910 2.470
3B0 2.524 2.340 3.560 2.148 3.314
J6f, 2.558 2.3& 3.520 2.I86 3.368
390 2.612 2.420 3. 580 2.?24 3.422 3.084 2.595
2 .656 2.450 3.740 2.262 3.476 2.638

?.700 2.500 3.800 2.30 3.530 3.250 2.690

r00
2.746 2.544 3.860 2.340 3- 584 3.304 2 .732

1t0 ?.79? 2.588 3.920 2.380 3.538 l-J!6 2.77 4

115 2.632 3.980 2.4?o 3.692 3.412 2.816

120 2.884 2.616 4.040 2.940 3.746

a="
 Coefticients of Thermal Expansion 21

Table 2-1
Continued

Carbon Steel Austenitlc

Carbon-molY MO Stalnlesa
5 CR 12 Ct
l7 Cr Monel 31h
Temp. Low-chtome Thru Steels Nl 67 Nl 30 Cu Nlckel
(n (Thru 3 Cr Mo)
gCrMo lSCrSNl 27 Cr 25 Ct 20

2.72 4.100 , qnn 3.800 3.520 2.910

2.930 2.538 6i'. 3.57 4 ?.954
2.976 ?.76? 4.162 t .7a
J'
3.908 3.628 2 qqR
2.804 4.224 2.514 J.vo. 3.682 3.042
140 3.068 2.345 4.286 2-652 4.015 3.736 3.086
145 3. 4 2.888 4.348
3.130
2.930 4.410 2.690 4.070 3.790
3.174
3.160
2.972 4.470 2.735 4.124 3. BI,4
3.21 8
3.205
3.0 t4 4.530 2.770 4.178 3.898
1ta?
460
3.055 4.590 2.810 4.232 3.952
3.306
3.298
3.344 3.098 4.650 2.850 4.286 4.006
3.350
3. l40 2.890 4.340 4.050
1 lqn
3.182 4.770
4.710
, q2q 4.394 4. 114
3.442
480 3.435
3.224 4.830 2.966 4.448 4.168
3.988
435 3. 432
3.256 4.850 3.004 4.502 4.222
J.lJ'.
490
3.308 4,920 3.042 4.555 4.276
495
3.580
3.350 5.010 3.0a0 4.510 3.626
500 3.620
3.395 5.010 3.120 4.664 4. 386
3.668
3.442 5.130 3. I 60 4. 718 4.442
510 3.716 3.200 4.772. 4.498 3.tt6
3.488 5.190 3.2& 4.825 4.554 3.164
3.812 3.534 5.250
3.810
3.580 s.310 3.280 4.880 4.610
525 3.860 1 1?2 4,934 4.658
3.910 3.524 5.372 3.354 4.988 4.126 3.902
3.960 3.658 5.434 3.405 5.042 4.7 84 3.948
540 4.010 1.712 5.495 3.448 5.096 4.842 1 qqA

545 4.060 3.756 5.558

3.490 5. 50 ',l
4.900 4.040
4.110 3.800 5.620 3.530 5.204 4,958 4.086
4.158 3.844 5.582 3.570 5.258 5.UtO 4.132
560 4.206 3.888 5.144 3.610 5.312 5.074 4.178
4.254 3.932 5. SC5 3.550 5.365 5. tJ4 4.224
4.302 3.976 5.858
3.690 5.420 5. 180 4.270
4.350 4,020 5.930 3.732 5.474 4,316
5B0 4.400 4.054 5.992 3.774 5.528 4.362
4.450 4.108 6.058 3.815 5.582 < 14R 4.408
4.'t5Z 6. t20
4. ',t96
590 4. 500 3.858 5.535 5.404 4.454
4. 550 6. 182
4.500
4.600 4.240 6.240 3.900 5.590 5.460
500
4.286 6.302 3. 940 5. 144 5. 518 4,458
4 -652
4.704 4.332 5.354 3.980 5. i98 4.596
610
4.756 4.378 6.426 4.020 5.852 5.634 4.644
615
520 4.408 4.424 5.488 4.060 5.905 4.692

4.360 4.470 6.550 4.100 5.950 4.7 40

625
4. 910 4.514 5.514 4.142 6.014 5.810 4.788
630
4.950 4.558 6. 678 4.184 6.068 5.870 4.836
5.010 4.602 6.742 4.226 6.122 4- 884
640
5.060 4.646 6.306 4.268 5.176 5.990 4.932
4.980
4.690 6.370 4.310 5.230 6.050
5.028
5-110
4,776 6.932 4-352 6.284 6. 108
5.076
4.7A2 6.995 4.394 6.338 6. 156
5.214
4.828 7.057 4.435 6.392 6.224
663
570 4.374 7.'l19 4.478 6.M6 6.282
 Piping Slress Handbook

Table 2-1
Continued

l
Calbon Steel Austenltlc
Carbon.moly MO Slalnless
5 CR 12 C.
Temp. Low-chrome Thru Steels 77 Cr Monel 3t/.
(D (Ihru 3 Cr Mo) ICrMo 18Cr8Nl 27 C. 25 Cr 20 Nl 67 Nl 30 Cu Nlckel

4.920 7. 180 4.520 6.500 5.340 5.220

680 4.954 7 .244 4.562 6.554 5.400
5.474 5.008 7.308 4.504 6.508 6.460
690 4.tJO 5.052
q no6
7 .372 4,645 6.662 6.520 5.354
4.588 4,688 5.716 6.580 5.412
700 5. 140 7.500 4.730 5.170 5. 640
705 5. 684 t. 166 7.554 4.776 6.824 6. 700 5.508
710 5.738 7.628 4.814 6.878 6. 750
5.792 5,2U 7 .592 4.A55 6.932 6.820 5.604
720 5.946 5.332 4.898 6.985 6.880 t. o5z

t'?5 5.900 5. 380 7 .U0 4.940 7.040 5.940 5.700

730 5. 428 7.886 4.984 7.094 7 .002
6.004 7 .952 5.028 7.148 7.064 5.796
740 o. u50 5.524 8.0r8 5,0n 7.702 7.126 5.844
745 6. 108 5.5n 8.084 5. I fO t.Z)E 7. 188

750 6. 150 5.620 8.150 5. 150 7. 310 7 ,250 5.940

6.z',t4 8,21 4 5.204 7.364 7. 310 5.988
760 o.z06 5.248 7.418 7 .370 5.036
5.754 8.342 5.292 7.472 6.084
770 o. J/b 8.406 t. JJD I .a.n 7.490 o. tJz
775 6.430 l.
t
6DU
ont
8.470 5,380 7.580 /.55U 6. 180
780 5. 484 6.5JO s.424 7.634 7. 510
!.v5b 8.602 s.458 7.688 6.280
190 6,592 5.004 8.568 5.5"2 7.742 7.130 O. JIU
795 6.645 6.052 8.734 5.555 7.796 7.790 6.380
800 6.700 6.100 8.80 5.600 7.850 7.850 6.430
805 6.754 5. 148 8.855 5.544 7.910 7 417 6.480
310 6.308 6. 196 5.688 7.970 7.974 o.5lu
6.862 6.244 a ooq 5.732 8.030 8.036 6.580
820 6.916 6.29? 9.064 4.776 8.090 o, oJu

. 825 6.970 5.340 9. r30

q tot 5.820 8.150 8. 160 6.580
830 6.390 5.866 8.210 6.730
7.082 5.440 5.912 8.270 8.288 5. 780
440 7.138 6. 490 a 1rq 6.830
845 7.194 9.394 6.004 8.390 8.416 6. S50

350 9.460 6.050 8.450 8.480 6.930

6.538 5.094 8.510 3.544 5.980
960 6. 686 9.542 6,138 8.570 8.508 7.030
7.4 t3 5.734 5. r82 8.630 8.672 7.080
7.174 6.182 9.724 6.225 8.690 8. 735 7. t30

6.830 a 7qn 6.270 8.750 9.800 7. 180

840 /.5U6 6.878 9.856 6.314 8.810 8.864 7.230
435 7 .542 9.922
q
6.358 8.870 8.928 7 .280
890 7.698 6.974 aea 6.402 8.930 8.992 7.330
395 7.754 7.0?Z r0.054 6.445 3.990 7.380
900 7.810 7.070 10. 120 6.490 9.050 9. r20 7.430
/.doo
7 472
7.1r8 10. 188 6.534 9. n0 f.i84 7.480
9t0 7. 156 tu.250 6.578 9.1 70 9,248 7.530
7.978 7.214 10. 324 6.522 9.230 a ?t,
920 8.034 ln 1q2 6.666 9.290 7.630
 Coefficients ol Thermal Expansion 23

Table 2-1
Continued

Carbon Steel Austenllic

Carbon-moly 5 CR MO Stainless 12 CJ
31h
Temp. Low.chrome Thru Steels 17 Cr
Cr
Monel
(R (Thru 3 Cr Mo) gCrMo 18Cr8Ni 27 25 Cr 20 Ni 67 Ni 30 Cu Nicket

s.080 7. 310 I0.460 6.710 9.350 9.440 7.680

8.134 7.360 10.528 5.756 9.410 9.505
a
7.730
8.t88 7.410 r 0. 596 6.802 9.470 a72 7.780
940 8.242 7 .460 I0.554 5.848 9.530 9.638 7.830
945 7. 510 1d 71' 5.894 9.590 9.704 7.880

950 8.350 7.560 10. 800 6.940 9,550 9.170 7.930

8.404 7.610 t 0. 858 5.986 9.710 9.834 7.978
960 8.458 7.660 10.936 7,032 9.770 9.399 3.026
s. 512 1.710 I1.004 7.078 9.830 8.074
970 8.556 7.760 11.012 7.124 9.890 10.026 8.122

7. 810 II .140 7 .170 9.950 10.090 8.170

980 8.674 7.360 r r .208 1.215 l0.010 10.156 8.218
985 8.128 7.910 7.262 10.070 10.222 8.266
990 s.782 7.950 t't.344 7.308 10.130 10.288 8. 314
s.835 8.010 l1 .412 7.354 10.190 10.354

r 000 8.390 8.060 l t .480 7.400 10.250 10.420 8.410

8. 7 .444 I0.310 I0.486
1005
'r010 8.946 0 1 I .548
7.488 10.370 r0.552
9.002 8. 160
t' .532 10.430
t 0l5 9.058 8.210 1t.584 10. 618
1020 9- l l4 8.260 | .576 I0.490 i 0. 686

1 .620
1025 9- 170 8.300 I t.820 10.550
7. 586 10. 610
10.750
I0. sl8
1030 9.228 I 1 .888
7. t-52 10.570
1035 9.236 8. 400 I t.956
7.818 10.730
10. sa6
1040 9. 344 3- 450 1?.C24
7.884 10.790
1045 9.402 a. 500 12.094 11.42?
'11
I050 9. 460 I2. 150 7.950 10.350 .090
LU:: f, tO 3. 600 1?.228 7.996 10.910 It-158
060 ',
9.575 8.650 12.296 8.042 10.970 11 .226
r
I065 9.634 3. 700 12.364 8.088 I I .030 .294
o Aoa 3. 750 8.I34 il.090 |.352

1075 9.750 8.800 r2.500 8.180 11.150 I I .430

r 030 9.408 8.850 t2.558 8.205 l l .2'10 11 .498
r 085 9.866 8.900 tz.0Jo 8.232 11 .270
,]
I1.555
r090 9.9?9 s.950 12.704 8.258 1 .330
r 095 9.982 9.000 12.712 8.284 11 .390 1 t .702

I 100 10.040 9.050 I2.840 8.310 l l.4s0 r1.770

'r 05 I0.094 o no6 12.908 8.354 1l .516 | .838
r0 10.144 9.142 12.976 8.398 1l.582 I1.905
' .974
IIr5 t0.202 9. 188 13.044 8.442 1l .548
1120 10.255 9 .234 I3.112 8.486 l .714
1 12.042

|25 r 0.310 9.280 13. r 80 8. 530 l1 . 780 12. 1 l0

I 130 10.362 I3.248 8.576 I .345
1 12.182
1r 35 10.414 9.330 r 3.316 9.622 ri.912 12-254
I140 10.466 9.430 13.384 8.658 l1 .978 \2.3?6
1'
l145 10.518 9.480 I3.452 8.714 I2.044 laA

'lt 50 10.570 9.520 8.760 l2.l l0 12.470

r I55 10.622 9.568 13. 538 8.804 12.176 12.538
I t60 10.574 8.848 12 -292 12.605
r 165 10.126 9.554 13.724 8.892 I2. 308 12.57 4
I I 70 10. 773 13.79? 8.936 12.374 12.742
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-l
Continued

Carbon Steel Austeni c

Carbon-moly MO Slainless
5 CR 12 Cr
Temp, Low-chrome Thru Sleels l7 Cr Monel 31h
(D CIh.u 3 Cr Mo) 9CrMo lSCrgNl 27 C. 25 Cr 20 Nl 67 Nl 30 Cu Nickel

t't75 r 0.830 9, 750 13.850 8.980 12. 440 12.810

I180 10. 884 9.808 13.928 9.024 12.878
lt95 10.938 ll oot 9.068 1' a1' 12.946
lt90 10.992 9.904 14.054 9.112 12.638 13.014
t 195 I I .046 9.952 14.'t32 9,156 12.704 13.082
1200 It.t00 10.000 14.200 9.200 12.770 I3.',I50
rt.ltl r0.052 14.268 9.244 12.836 13.220
l2t0 I | .212 r 0. 104 't4.335
9.288 12.902
l2l5 13.290
I1.268 r0. r55 i 4.404 9.332 13.350
t22n I1.324 r 0.208 14.472 '13.430
9.376 r 3.034
.380 r0.260
r0
14. 540 9.420 3. t00
1 13.500
1230 I I .436 314 14.603 9.465 13.166
I
ir.598
1 .492 10.368 r4.676 9.512 13.232 13.544
1240
'll .504 10.422 14.7M 9.558 13.29S
10.476 14.812 9.504 13.364 r 3.788
r250 l I .660 '10. 530 14.880 9.650 t3.430 13.360
ll.7t5 I 0. 582 't4.948 9.696 13.496 r3.932
l2 60 11.772 r 0.634 I5.0r6 9.742 13.562 14.004
I t.328
'tl .884
15.084 9.788 ',t3.628 r 4.076
1270 r0.738 IJ. IJZ 9. S34 13.594 14. t 48

I .940 1 l0. 790 15.220 9.880 13. 760 14.22

r280 .946
1 1 10.844
't0.898
r 5.288 9,926 t 3.826 14.292
1285 12.052 9.972 13.892 't4. 364
1290 r2. 108 r 0. 952 15.424 10.0r8 13.958 t4.435
1295 12. r 64 I I .005 15.492 t0.064 14.024 14.508
'12.22
1300 II .060 15.560 l0.l l0 14.090 r4.580
1305 12.276 |l .108 15.628 r0,154 t4. t50 14,552
r3t0 .156 15.596 10.198 14.2t0 14.724
l3l 5 12.388 I L204 'I
5. 754 10.242 14.270 t 4.796
1320 12.444 11.2s2 15.832 10.825 14.330 14.868
r325 12.500 I I . 300 l5, 900
't5.968
10.330 14,390 14,940
1330 I I .350
'll.€0 10.375 14.450
r 6.036 10.422 14.510 1 5, 084
I340 I I .450 t 6.104 10.468 t4.570
t 345 'I | .
500 r 6.172 10,514 14.530
r 350 r2.780 I L550 't5.240 10.550 14.540 15.300
I t . 600 '15.308 r0.504
't0,648 14.750
r 350 12.892 I1.650 16.375 14.810 t 5.444
I J05 12.948 11 . 700 16.444 r0.692 14.870 lt.tlo
1370 13. 004 1t . 750 I 6.512 10.735 14.930 r 5.588
1375 1 3.060 l1 .800 '|
5.580
't5.643
10.780 14.990
'10.826 I t- 60u
1380 r3.l t6 I1.850 r 5.050 15.732
1385
't390
13.112 I1.900 16. 7l 6 r0.872 l5.l l0
't0.913 15.804
13.228 I1.950 r6.784 t5.170 15.876
1395 13.284 12.000 r 6.852 r0.924 15.230 15.948
1400 13.340 12.050 15. 920 I I .010 15.290 I 5.020
1405 lF ooa
1410 17 .072
l4l5 17.'t48
1420 17.224
 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion 25

Table 2-1
Continued

Catlon Steel Austenltlc

Carbon-moly MO Stainless
5 CR 12 CJ
Temp. Low-chrgmo Thru Sleels 17 Cr Monel 3th
(D (Thru 3 Cr ilo) 9ClMo 18Ct8Nl 27 C. 25c|20 Nl 67 Nl 30Cu Nickel

1425 't7.300
1430
1435
1440 17.534
1445 17.6i2
1450 17.690
1455 17.768
1460 17.846
t465 17 .924
t470 I8.002

1475 18.080
1480 r8. r58
1485 18.235
1490 13.31 4
I495 le 102
r 500 18.470

Temp. Gray 70 Cu
(D Alumlnum lron Bronze Brass
Caal 30 Nl Ni.Fe.Cr Ni-Cr.Fe Ductile lron

-32 5 -4.68 -J. v6 -J-66 -J.lt

-320 -4.636 -3.932 -3.832 -3.094
-315 -4.592 -3.884 -3.784 -3.038
-310 -4.548 -i e1f -1 t16 -? aa?
-305 -4.504 -3.788 -3.688 -2.926
-300 -4.46 -3.64 -2.87
-295 -4.41 -3.692 -3.592 -2.836
-290 -4.36 -3.644 -3.544 -2.&2
-2Aq -3.596 -1.49D -a. t06
-280 -4.26 -3.548 -1..t.t5 -a- I J4
-275 -4.21 -3.5 -3.40 -2.70
-270 -4.162 -3.4s2 -3.352 -2.666
-4.1 l4 -3.404 -3.304 -2.632
-260 -4.066
-255 -4,018 -3.308 -3.208 -2.564
-250 -3.97 -3.26 -3.16 -2.53
-245 -3.2'12 -3.114 -2.496
-?40 -3. 366 -3.164 -3.068 -2.462
-235 -3.8',r4 -3.I t6 -3.022 -2.428
-230 -3.068 -2.976 -2.394
'J.Va -a.tJ _2. JO
-2.972 -2.884 -2.326
-3.602 -2.924 -2.833 -2.292
-210 -3.548
-3.494 -2.82A -2.746 -2.224
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-1
Continued

Temp. Gray Z0 Cu
(D Aluminum Csst lron Eronze Brass 30 Nl Ni.Fe.Cr Ni.Cr.Fe Ductile lron

-200 -3.44 -2.78 -2.70 -2.19 -r .5l

-195 -3.384 -2.732 -2.654 -1 .49
-190 -3.328 -2.684 -2.608 -2.162
-185 -2.148 -l .45
-180 -3.216 -2. t66 -2.5 | b

-175 -3.16 -2.54 -2.47 -1 .4t

n70 -3. 104 -2.494 -2.424 -2.086 -t.J60
-t 65 -3.048 -2.448 -2.378 -2.052 -i .362
-160
-155
-?.992 -2.402 -2.332
-2.936 -2. JaC -2. Z60 -l .984 -l.314
-2.88 -2.31
26
-2.24 -1 .95 -1 .29
-r 45 -2.8i8 -2 -t 1AJ -1.908 -1 .264
-140 -2,756 -2.21 -2.144 -|.aroo -t.233
-lJ5 -2.694 -2.16 -2.096 -1 .824 -1.212
-llu -2. 1 l -2.048 -, . 160
-125 -2.57 -2.06 -2.00 -'1.74 -l .16
- r20 -2.51 -2.01 -l .952 -1.698 -1.136
nl5 -2.45 -r .96 -l .904 -t.o50 -1 .l t2
-110 -t.9l -1 .856 I . 6',14 -l . c88
-tu5 -r .86 -l .808 -1 .572 -1.064
-100 -?.27 -t.ot -t.ro -1.53 -1 .04
-95 -2.21 -l .76 -1.712 n .49 -1.014
-90 -2. 15 'l.ll -l.OO4 -l .45 -.988
-6t -2.09 _l.OO -l.OlO -1 .41 -,962
-80 -? i1 -r.ot -t.506
-75 -1.97 -t .56 -1.52 -1.33 -.91
-70 n.91 -t.512 -1.474 -l .29 -.882
-65 -l .85 -1.464 -1.42A -.854
-ou -t .79 -l.4t6 -1.382 -l.21 -,826
-55 -1 71
-.798
-1 ,67 -1.13 -.77
-45 -l.6 -l ,306 -1 .236 -1 .082 _.74
-40 -1.292 -l .182 -.71
-l .46 -1.278 -t .128 -0.986
-30 -1.39 -1.264 -1.074 -0.938 - .65

-25 -1.32 -1 .25 -',! .02 - .89 -.62

-20
- t5
-1.25 -t. t3.t -.9vo - .844 -.588
n.18 -l .058 - .912 - .799 -.556
- l0 -t.lt - ,962 - .858 -.752 -.524
-5 -l .04 -0.866 - .804 - .706 -4.9?
0 -.97 - .66
5 -.902 - .714 - .696 -.612 -.414
l0 - .834 - .658 - .642 -.564
-.766 - .602 - .588 - .5',16 -.322
20 - .698 - .546 - .534 - .468 -.276
25 - .49 - .48
30 - .56 - .436 - .426 -.374 -.212
35 - .49 - .382 - .372 -. 194
40 - .42 - .328 - .318 - .282 -. 176
45 - .35 - .274 - .264 -.236 -.158
 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion

Table 2-1
Continued

Temp. Gray 70 Cu
(R Alumlnum Caal lron 30 Nl Ni-FeCr Ductile lron

50 -.28 - ,21 - .14

55 - .21 - .165 - .105
60 - .14 - .105 -_.035 .07
-.07 - .055 - q2E
70 0 0 0 0
ta .016 .035 .uo .0s83 .05'16 .0466 .0433 .035
80 .07 .12 .1166 .1033 .0933 .0866 .07
85 .105 .l15 .lla .t4 .13 . 105
90 .3066 .14 .24 .233 .206 .1866 .1 73 .14
. J6JJ .J .291 .258 .216 . 175

'100 .21 .25 .26 .21

't05 .?44 .408 .35 .304 .246
110 .616 .278 .48 .466 .41 .348 .282
5 .694 .312 .54 .524 .46 .424 .392 .318
120 .772 .346 .582 .51 .472 .436 .354

125 .85 .66 .64 .56 .52 .48 .39

130 .926 .414 .72 .| .olz .568 .524 .4?6
135 .002 .448 .76 .664 .oto .5b6 ..+Oa
140 .078 ,482 .84 .82 .716 .oo+ .612 .498
145 .154 .5',16 .88 , 768 .712 -bbb . tJ+

t3u .96 ,94 .82 .76 .7 .57

Itt 'L 308 .586 .02 .998 .87 .805 .744 .60s
1.386 .622 .08 |. uto .54 .852 .798 . o.to
165 I .464 .658 .14 1.114 .97 .898 ,832 .684
170 1 .542 .694 2 1.172 1.02 .944 .876 .72?

175 | .62 1.26 .07 oa .92

'l .122 .788
180 1.698 .764 I .32 .288 1 .038 .966
'185 70'l 'I .086 1.012 .826
1.776 t.Jt' 1. 346 .174
190 1.854 I .44 1. 404 ,226 't
. ]34 '1.058 .864
't95 'I 'I
1.932 .866 . 462 .278 I.182 .',t04 ,902

200 2.00 l.Jo .94

205 ?.082 1 .62 1 .252 .196
210 2.164 .972 l.ott 1.644 I .434 | . JJ.t
'I
']
.012
2.246 r.008
'L
1.74 1.705 1.486 I .386
'I
.288 048
220 2.328 044 1,8 t./06 l.tJ6 .438 I . 084

225 2.41 I .08 1.86 1 .83 1 .59 I .49 L.38

230 2.494 'I
.118 1 .922 .892 1 .644
'I '|
. 544 1 .426 t.t7
2.35 2.578 I.i56 'I
.984 ,954 I .698
'1
I .598 1 .472 1 .?1
240 I .194 2.046 2.C]6 1.752 1 .652 1.5i3 'I
.25
245 2.7 46 1 .232 2. t08 2.078 I .806 1.706 't .564 1.29

250 2.43 1.27 2.17 2.14 1.86 1.75

'l
,5l
255 2.912 'I
. 306 2.232 2.202 L 914 1 .8',t4 1
']
.658 .37
260 ?.994 1.342
'1.378
2.294 2.264 1.968 'l .868
'1,754
706 .41
265 3.076 2.356 2.326 2.022 1 922 .45
270 J. lc6 I .4]4 ?.418 2.388 2.076 1.976 1. 802 .49
't
275 3.24 1.45 2,8 2.03 .85
280 1.488 2.542 2.512 2.184 2.084 I .898 I .568
'|
285 3.412 2. 604 2.574 2.238 2.138 1.946 .606
290 3.498 I .564 2.666 2.192 I .994 1 .644
295 3.584 1.602 2.728 2.698 2.346 2.246 2.O42 I .682
28 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-1
Continued

Temp. Gray 70 Cu
(D Alumlnum Casl lron Bronze Brass 30 Nl NLFe-Cr Nt-Cr-Fe Duclile |ron

300 3.67 1 .64 274 2.76 2.40 2.30 2.09 .7?

305 't
.678 2.954 2.824 2.456 2.358 2.136
3i0 3. 838 1.716
'1. 754
2.918
t oat 2.838 2.512 z.4to 2.182 .804
't.792
a.taz 1, to6 2.474 2 2r9 .846
320 4.006 2.046 3.016 2.624 ? q1, 2.2't4 .888
325 4.09 I.atj 3.',t I 3.08 2.68
330 4.176 1.87 3.1n 3.146 2.736 2.648 2.368 .97
4.262 r .91 3.234 3.212 2.792 2.706 2.416 2.01
340 4.348 1.95 3.296 3.278 2.848 2.764 2.464 2.05
345 4.434 I .99 3.344 2.904 2 e)t 2.512 ?.09
350 4.52 2,03 3.4 3.41 2.96 2.8 2.56 2.13
355 4.606 2.068 3,484 3.474 3.015 2.94 2.508 2.176
360 4.692 2.106 3.548 3.538 3.072 3.00 2.656 2.222
365 4.778 2.144 3.612 3.602 3. 128 J.UO 2,704 2.268
370 4.864 2.182 J.O/O 3,666 3. 184 3. l2 2.752 2.314
375 4.95 2.22
2'A
3.7 4 3.73 3.24 3. l8 2.80
380 5.038 3. 802 3.794 3.296 2.85 2.4
lAE 5.126 2,3 3.864 3.858 3.352 2,9 2.44
390 5.2 14 2.34 3.926 3.922 3.408 2.95 2.48
395 5.302 3.988 3.986 3.464 3.0
400 5.39 2.42 4.05 4,05 3.52 3.48 3.05 2.56
405 s.478 2.46 4. 4 4.l l6 3.098 2.606
410 5.566 4. 178 4.1e. 1to, 3. 146 2.652
5. 654 2.54 4.242 4.248 3.648 3. 194 2.698
420 5.742 2.58 4.306 4. 314 3. 704 2.744
425 4.37 4.38 3,76 2.79
430 5.92 4.434 4.448 3.816
6.0i 2.704 4.498 4,516 3.872 3.386 2.882
440 6.1 2.7 46 4.562 4.584 3,928 3.434 2.928
445 2.788 4.626 4.652 3.984 3.482 2.97 4

450 6.28 2.83 4. 69 4.72 4. G4 3. 04

455 6.368 2.87 4.754 4.788 4.094 3.088
460 6.456 2.91 4. Bl8 4. 856 4. 148 3. 63
465 6.544 2.95 4. 882 4.924 4.202 3.68 3.',]84
470 6.632 4.946 4.992 4.256 3. 73

475 6.72 3.03 5.01 s.06 4.31 3. 78 3.28

480 6.81 3.072 5.074 5.128 +. JOO 3.828
485 6.9 3. 114 5. t96 4.422 3.876 3.384
490 6.99 3. 156 5.202 5.264 4.472 3.924 3.436
495 7.08 l10a 5.266 4.534 3.488
500 7.17 3.24 5.40 4.59 4.02 3.54
505 7.262 3.284 5.394 5.47 4.646 4.07
510 7.354 ? 1'A 5.458 5.54 4.702 4.12 J. 0Z6
5t5 7 .446 5.522 4.758 4,17 3.672
520 7.538 3. 416 5.68 4. At4 4.22 l./to
525 3.46 5.65 5.75 4.87 4.27 3. /'6
530 7.724 5. 7',1 6 4.929 4,32 3.806
535 7.818 3.544 a. t61 5. 89 4.986
s40 7.912 J. J6O 5. 848 5.044 4.42 3.898
545 8.006 3.628 5. 9',I4 6.03 5. 102 4,47 3.944
 Coetficients of Thermal Expansion 29

Table 2-1
Continued

Temp, Gray 70 Cu
(F) Aluminum Casl tlon Bronze Brass 30 Nl Ni"Cr-Fe Ductile lron

550 8. 1 5.98 6.10 5. 16 4.32 3.99

8. 192 3. 7l4 6.046 6. 17 5.218 4.57 4.036
560 8.2U 3.758 6.112 6.24 5.276 4.62 4.082
565 8.376 3.802 6. I78 6.31 5.334 4.128
570 8. 468 3.846 6.244 6.38 5.392 4.7? 4.174

575 8. 56 3.89 b.l I o. +J 5.45 4.77 4.2?

580 8.654 3.934 b. J/b o.3z s.496 L.82 4.264
585 8.748 6.442 6.59 4.87 4.308
4. 352
590 8.842 4.022 b.!u6 0.00 5.608 4.92
5q5 8.936 4.066 o.l/+ o./J 5.664 1.97

600 9.03 4.n 6.64 6. 80 3.72 4.44

605 4. 156 6.704 6.872 5.778 4.484
610 4.202 6. 768 6.944 5.836 5.1? 4.528
615 4.428 6. 832 7.016 5.894 t.17 4.572
4.294 6.896 7.088 ( oE, 3.?2 4.616
620

625 4.34 6.96 7 .16 6.01 5.27 4. 66

630 4.386 7 .026 7.234 6. 068 5.322 4.708
535 4.432 7 .092 7.308 6.126 4.756
64C 4.478 7.158 7.382 6. 184 s.426 4.804
645 4.524 7.224 7 .456 6.242 5.478 4.852

550 4.57 7.29 7.53 6.30 5.53 4.9

655 4.616 7.356 7.602 6.355 5.582 4.948
660 4.662 7.422 7.674 6.412 5.634 4. 996
665 4.708 7.488 '1.7 46 6.468 5.686 5.044
670 4.754 7.554 7.818 6.524 5.738 5.092

4.8 7 .62 7. 89 6.58

675 5.84?
580 4.846 7.686 7 .964 6.64
5.394 5.24
685 4.A92 7.752 8.038 6.70
690 4.938 7.818 8.1 12 6.7 6 5.946
5.34
695 4.984 7.884 8.186 5.998

700 7.95 8.26 6. 88

705 5.076 8.016 8.336 6.938 6.102 5.432
7t0 5.122 8.082 3.412 6.996 6. 154 5.474
715 5. I68 8.148 3.488 7.054 6.206
720 5.214 8.214 8.564 7.112 6.258 5.558

5.26 8.28 8.64 7.17 5.60

7?5
5.308 8.348 8.716 7 .23 6.362 5.65
730
735 8.416 8.792 7 .29 6. 414 5.70
5.75
740 5.404 8.484 8.868 7.35
745 5.452 8.552 8.944 7 .41 o.f,kt

750 8.62 9.02 7 .47 6.57 5.85

755 5.548 8.688 9.096 7 .528 6.6?4 5.90
760 5.596 8.756 9.172 7.586 6.678
765 5. 644 8.824 9.248 7 .644 6.732 6.00
6.05
770 8.892 9.324 7.702

775 5.7 4 8.95 9.40 7.76 6. 84 6.t0

5.788 9.028 9.476 7.82 6.894 6. l5
780
785 9.096 9.352 7.88 6.948 6.20
790 5.884 9.',164 9.628 7,94 7.002 5.25
5.30
795 5.932 9.232 9.704 8.00
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-1
Continued

Temp. Gray 70 Cu
(F) Alumlnum Cast lron Bronze Brass 30Nl Ni_Fe_Cr Ni_Cr_Fe Ductlle lron

.800
5.98 9.30 9.78 8. 06 7 .10
805 6.028 v, Jo5 y.556 8.118 6.398
810 5.076 9.436 9.936 8. I76 6.446
815 6.124 9.504 10.014 6.494
820 6.172 9.572 10.092 8.292 6.542
825 6.22 9,64 i0. I 7 5,59
830 6.27 9.71 10.25 8.412 6.642
835 6.32 9.78 10.33 8.474 6. 694
840 6.37 9.85 10.41 o. /40
845 6.42 9.92 10.49 8.598 6. 798
850 6.47 9.99 10.57 8,66
855 6.52 10.06 10.648 6. 898
860 6.57 10. 13 10.726 B,784 6. 946
865 10.2 t0.804 8.846 6. 994
870 10.27 10.882 8.908 7.042
875 5.72 '10.33
880 6.77 '10.4 10.96
1.038 1
8.95
9.012
7. 09
7. 138
885 10.47 t'l.lt6 9.074 /. tt'0
890 6.87 10.54 l't .194 9.135 7 .234
895 10.61 11.272 9.198 7 .282

900 6.97 '10.68 1l .35

905 7.022 10.748 1 l .43 7.408
910 7.O74 10.8't6 11.51 ola 7 .466
915 7.216 10.884
'10.952 1 1 .59 I .44 1 .524
9?0 7.178 II.57 9.5 7 .582

925 11.02 11.75 .64

930 7.284 I1.09 11 .832 9,622
7
.684
7
7.338 'l
l.l6 11 .914 9. 684 7.728
940 7 ,392 11.23
'l l .3
11.996 9.746 7.772
945 7 .446 12.078 9. 808 /.6tb
950 7.5 11.37 12. t6 9.87 7. 86
r .438
'I
955 12.242 a o?, 7.9r
960 7 ,604 1l .506 12.324 9.994
965 7.656 'I
I .574 12.402 10.056 8.01
970 7.708 11,642 12.488 10.118 8.06
975 l t .71 12.57 10.t8 8.rI
980 7.812 11.778 12.652 10.242 8. ',t s8
985 7.864 '11
.846 12.734 10.304 8.206
990 7.916 l l.9r4 12.816 I u. Joo 8.254
995 7.968 I I .982 12.898 10.428 8.302
'1000
't005
8.02 12.05 12.98 10. 49
12.12
'12.19 t3.062 '10.
s52
l0l0 13.i44 10.614
i0r5 12.26 13.226
't020 12.33 13,308 't0.738

1025 12.4 ',t3.39

10. 80
1030 12.472 13,474 '10.862
1035 12.544 13.558 10.924
1040 12.616 13.642 I0. 986
1045 16.688 13.726 '11
. 048
 Coetficients ot Thermal Expansion 31

Table 2-l
Cofitlrued

Temp. Gray 70 Cu
o Aluminum l;on
Cast 8r6nze Erass ' 30Nl Nl-Fe-cr Nl-Cr-Fs Ductlle llon

1050 12.76 13.81 11.11

1055 12.83 13.894 n.172
t060 12.90 13.978 11.234
1065 1?.97
'13.04 14.062 '11
'1t .3
.296
1070 14.146 58
'1075 l3.l'l 14.23 11.42
r 080 r3.182 14.314 1t.484
1085 13.254 14.398 11.548
't1.612
1090 13.32 14. 492
t095 13.39 14.566 l1 .676
13.47 l4.65
00 Il.74
1105 1 r .802
l l t0 11 . 864
'n 11.926
l5
1120 .988

1125 12.05
't2,I16
1130
1135 12.182
1 140 12.248
lt45 12.3]4

50 12. 38
'1
155 12.442
lt60
'1165
12. 504
| 2.500
l l70 12.628
'1175 12.69
1180 tz. tao
85 12.&2
't
I190 2. 888
'I195 12.954

r200 13.02
't205 13.088
'1210 tJ. t50
l2l5
1220 13.292

1225 IJ.JO
'1230 '13. 43
1235
1240
1245 13.64
'13.
1250 71
'I255 13.776
1260 13.842
'13.908
1265
1270 13.974

1275 14.04
'14.
1280 '14.
l l
't285 l8
'14.25
1290
1295 14. 32
32 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-1
Continued

Temp. Gray 70 Cu
o Aluminum lron Bronze Erass
Casl 30 Nl Ni-Fe.Cr Ni-Cr-Fe Ductile Iron

1 300 14.39
i 305 14.46
l310 14.53
't315 'I4. 60
1320 14.67

14.7 4
1330 14.812
IJJ' '14.884
1340
1345 r5.028
1350 '15. 10
tt.l06
I JOU
I JOa 15.304
1370 15.372
r 375 15.44
I 380
'l 't
385 5.584
1390 1 5.656
15.278
1400 15,80
'1405
13.872
t 4l0 15.944
l4l 5 I 5.01 6
1420 16.088

1425 16. l6
1430 16.234
1435 16.308
't440 16.382
1445 16.456

1450 16.53
1455 16. 60
1460
1465 16.7 4
1470 16.81

1475 76.88
1480 16. 954
1485 17.029
1490 17.102
r 495 17.176
'1500 17.25
 lable 2-2
Modulus ot Elasticity-Ferrous Material
Modulus ot Etasticity, psi (MultiPly Tabulated Values by 106)
oF

Iaterial -325 -200 - 100 70 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9oo 1000 1r00 1200 1300 1400 1500
:--lrn steels

:r:: content
l-r or

\:=:.31/2 30.0 29.5 29.0 27 .9 27 .7 27 .4 27 .O 26.4 25.7 24.8 23.4 18.5 15.4 13.0
..::.rr steels

:':: Coment
i^rl ie
lr 31.0 30.6 30.4 29.9 29.5 29.0 28.3 27.4 26.'7 25.4 23.8 21.5 18.8 1s.0 11.2
"c
l --:':r-moly
i---s. low
-_:tme

:--r'rgh 3
,- \to 31.0 30.6 30.4 29.9 29.5 29.0 28.6 28.0 21.4 26.6 25 7 24.s 23.0 20.4 15.6
,:: i -:,aOlarc
,:at:ne
;-.s (5 Cr
"1,
:- :_qh 9
-- \lo) 29.4 28.5 28.1 27.4 27 .1 26.8 26.4 26.0 2s.4 24.9 24.2 23.5 22.8 2r.9 20.8 19.5 18.1

- i::lllc
.

--:tI
' 1rK
-' 1l?) 30.4 29.9 29.4 28.3 27.7 27.1 26.6 26.1 25.4 24.8 24.r 23.4 223 22.0 21.3 20.7 r9.3 17 9
r:-L-:: ChrO-
:-_ -ll

i- l:t 30.8 30.3 29.8 29.2 28.7 28.3 27.7 27.0 26.0 24.8 23.r 2r.r 18.6 15.6 r22
aa 13.4 r3.2 12.9 12.6 r2.2 11.'l 11.0 10.2
"t . ;-:; are for infornation, and it is not implied that materials are suitable for all lhe tempefatures
shovrn.

Table 2-3
Modulus of Elasticity-Nonferrous Materials
E = Modulus of Elasticity, psi (Multiply Tabulated values by 106)
TemDerature, "F

,, :€ 67 Ni-30 Cu) and

:c \l-29Cu-Al) 26.8 26.6 26,4 26.0 26.0 26'0 25'8 25,6 25'4 24.7 2.31 2|.o 18.6 16.0 14.3 13.0
r--e:-\ickel
- J.r-30 Ni) 21.6 Zl.5 21.2 2O.9 20.6 20'3 20 O l9'7 l9'4
-. -::--.tm alloys
' rrr:.99.98% Cu) ll.3 10.9 10.6 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.5 8.7 7 7
17.0 16.7 16.5 16.0 15.8 15.6 15.4 15 1 14.7 14213.7
| :- e:cial bmss (66 Cu-34 Zn) 15.0 14.7 14.5 14.0 13.9 13.7 13.5 13.0 12.7 l2'2 lf '8
-ia:i: :in bronze
rl :r-6 Sn-1.5 Pb-4.5 Zn) 14.2 13.8 13.5 13.0 12.9 12.7 12.4 12.0 i1.7 11.3 10.9
' ,t :=: erc for infonation, and it is not implied lhat materials are suitable fot all lhe tenperotures shown'
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-4
Propertles of Salurated Steam
v-cs|E I T6Fhtw. I H6t or I L.6r H6r I To!.t H..t
,s.ff !h. Liquid of s44 ,9c..i6.
i .lll}''| lofEvle4.lis I 77
P'

0..|{,
0.45
 Coelficients of Thermal Expansion 35

Table 2-4
Continued
rdpa.*. i .#E:1".j" l"tffiltl I 'St*. v

6.5!{l
6.,t58

76.0
n.0
78.0

5,lll
5.055
5.001
4.948

101,0
102.0
103.0
r04.0
4.19.1
4.157
{,110

{.015
112.0 lt89.l 3.981
113.0 1189.{
rr89,5 3.9r4

1190.7
llqt.8 t.at
u90.9 3.61{

1191.9
1192.0
1192.1

3.110
3.147
3.264
3,712

la6.
to.
l$. 0
lag. 0
36 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 2-4
Continued
.Her.f.. II dr-tdr! Hqr Tod Ha!
@uq@ Ei.po..rr@ I| of sr..E

:.134
2.67
|,9992
i.999
r.9183
 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion 37

Step 2. Enter the chart at the point along the botom

ExamPle Problem
line where kh/Ji. Then move up vertically to
the point where the curve intersects' Then
Use Figure 2-1 to calculate the F factor for the follow- move horizontally to the left to find the t€mper-
i conditions: atue correction factor, F, which in this exam-
ple is equal to 0.22.
T : 660"F
I : l0 ft-O in. Step3. T1 : T-70'F:530'F.
t = lin.
K : I (shrt fully insulated)
'F : Ambient temperature Step 4. Td : F x Tr : O.22 x 530"F : 116.6'F
Tr : Average temperature or 117"F.

Klt I x 10ft
:-=IU Steps. T" = Tur * 70'F : 117"F + 70"F :
sep 1.
vl 1 r87"F.

l.o
Temperature at top ot skkt (oD
.9 Av€raqe temperature of skirt (oD
Height of skirt, ft
Thickness of sklrt, in.
.t 1 lor skirt lully insulated
1.7 for skirt flreback insulaled
2.7 for skirl not insulated
., Temperature corrgcllon lactor

1.6
l
.5

I
.3 Example (see Page 2)

.2

.t

t4 t6 t8 20 22 24 26 2A 30 32 3ll
---------1>

Flgure 2-1. Curve for determination of average skirt temperature.

Allowable Stress Range for
ANSI/ASME Power Piping
Code 831.1 (198t

This chapter contains allowable thermal stresses for pe-

troleum piping. Values of Sh taken from ANSI/ASME
Code 831.3-1980, Appendix A, Thble l. (Used courtesv
of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.)
 Allowable Stress Range tor ANSUASME Power Piplng Code 39
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 Allowable Stress Range for ANSUASME Power Piping Code 41
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42 Piping Stress Handbook
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 Allowable Stress Range for ANSIiASME Power Piping Code 43
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 4
Allowable Stress Range for
ANSI/ASME Petroleum Piping
Code 831.3 (1984)

This chapter contains allowable thermal stresses for

power ptping.

73
74 Piping Stress Handbook
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 Stress Intensification and Flexibilitv trlactors
The following is an explanation of the terms used in fig-
uring flexibility and stress intensification factors. Refer to
Tables 5-l through 5-3 for a tabular listing of the factors
for different piping configurations. Figures 5-l and 5-2 il-
lustrate these factors for widely spaced, two-weld and
three-weld miter elbows, respectively.
Definitions
h: Flexibility characteristic
Flexibility factor (never less than unity, factor
for torsion equal to unity)
i: Stress intensification factor (never less than
unity, factor for torsion equal to unity)
T: Nominal wall thickness of the fitting for el-
bows, and miter bends, in.
T: Nominal wall thickness of the marching pipe for
tees, in.
To: Crotch thickness of tee, in.
T.: Pad or saddle thickness, when q is 1.5T, use h
: 4Tlf . n.
0: One-half angle between adjacent miter axes,
deg
Mean radius of matching pipe, in.
Rr: Bend radius of welding elbow or pipe bend, in.
o For closeV spaced miters Rr : S cot 0 /2
o For widely spaced miters Rr : [rz (1 * cot
0)lt2
Radius of curvature of the external contoured
portion of the oudet measured in the plane con-
taining the axis of the run and branch in inches.
This is subjected to the following limitations:
112
c Minimum radius. Tt'is dimension must not be
less than .05 D65 except widr a branch diame-
ter larger than 30 in. It need not exceed 1.50
inches.
t Maximum radius, For outlet pipe sizes 8
inches nominal and larger, this dimension
must not exc€€d 0.10 Dob + 0.50 in. For out-
let pipe sizes less than 8 in. nominal, this di-
mension shall not be greater than 1.25 in.
. When the external contour contains more than
one radius, the radius of any arc sector of aF
proximately 45" must meet the requirements
for maximum and minimum of radii.
o Machining must not be employed in order to
meet the preceding requirements.
S = Miter spacing at centerline, in.
. Closely spaced miter bend: S ( 12 (1 + tan 0)
o Mdely spaced miter bend: S >r2 (1 + tan 0)
D* : O.D. of branch, in.
Cr : Correction factor for curves with one end
flanged, Cr : firre
C2 : Correction factor for curves with both ends
flanged, C2 : hr/3
The piping code does not speciff any particular distance
from the end ofthe elbows arc or the centedine or a miter
weld in which a flange will be effective in modiffing the
K and i factors on these items. Until a better definition is
published, the following rules can be applied:
o Weld elbows-Modifu the k and i factor when the butt
weld of the flange is within one pipe diameter of the butt
of the elbow.
(Text continued on page 120.)
 Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors 113

Table S1
Flexibility and Stress Intenslfication Factors
Floxlbility sirara lnt. F.ctorl'6 Fl.ribiliw
D.l6iprion Ch!r!ct!dnic Skctch -

Outpl6n.
t li h

\lblding elbow
or pipe bend
r.65 0.75
'et 0.9
'pz
lRt
(',)'
ffi
Closely spaced
miter bend
s<12 (1 + tao 0)
1.52
F;t 'p;
0.9 09
tr'n
Cot 0
2 (")'
@#
Single miter bend t.52 0.9 0.9 l+coto r
or widely spaced 2't
miter bend
s>/2 (1 + tan d)

Weldins t€e
per -A.NSI 816.9
with
r,)I/a D2
r;
0.9
314io + 114
T

T"> 1.5 T

Reinforced 0.9
I 314io+ ll4
fabricated TE
tee with pad or
saddle

0.9 T
UNeinforced I 3l1io+ rl4
fabricated tee TE

Extruded
welding tee
t
0.9
tt"=
3141o+ r14 (.f)f
T"<1.5 T

Welded-in
contour insert 0.9 T
314 io+ ll4
r,)I/a D2
1
t*
T">1.5 T

Branch welded- T
0,9 0.9
on finirg 3,3
(integra Y -
reinforced)

ANSI/ASME 93l.3d-1984

Reproducedlfom ANSUASME Code 83l-3-1980, Appe dix D',lirble I. Repi ted counesy ofThe At efican society of Mechatt-
ical Engineers.
rl

114 Piping Stress Handbook

Table +2
Str€ss Intensitication Factots for Branch Connections

40 120
80 1.00 1.00 140 1.00
f60 1.00 I.0 0 t50 r.0 0

40 r.22 t0
80 I.OI L.O2 20 2.59
150 1.0 0 1.00 ST
30 2. r.0
1.34 1.45 xs
80 l.l0 l. l3 40 r.82 2.09
t20 1.0 0 1.00
160 1.0 0 1.00 60
xxs 1.00 I.00 80
100 L.20
'lt L20 1.0
r.69 140 1.01
8
r.0 t
1.0 2 t.03 t60 1.0 0 1.0 0
L.0 0 1.0 0
1.0 0 1.0 0 IO 3.89
20
l. s9 30 2.43
f.78 2.O4 40 1.87
1.84 50 1.56 L.14
t 1.45 1.60
1.36
L.20
80
100
L20 1.10
1.47
r. 13
$ 1.03 1.0 4 140 t.0 r 1. 0I
1.00 1,0 0
160 I.0 0 r.0 0
1.00 1.00
1.00 1.0 0 l0 3.54 4.39
20
2.16 xs
2.22 30 2.34
t.97 40
1.44 50
80 1.49
rl 1.30 1.40
r.23 100
1.0 7 1.09 r20
1.00 1.00 I40 I.OI 1.0 2
I.00 I.00 t60 1.0 0 1.00
4.64
2.40
I 20
30
2. a7 t0
std 2.90
4.0 0

std 1.88 20
40 f.80
xs 1.78 4.0 8
60 r. {8 10 4.40
80 s!d 3.89
100 7.23 20 3.20
120 I.09 30 2.31
140 1.0 0 1.00
160 1.00 1.00
4.42
10 2.54 IO 3.84 4.79
I 20 stal 3.42 4.23
.l 30 1.9 9 20 2.56 3.48
40 2.0 8 30 2.49
xs 1.9 0 40 2.80
60
80 1.43 .250 4.59 5.78
100 10 4.9 8
120 1.0 8 1.10 stal 4.40
140 1.00 1.00 20 2.91
150 1.00 1.00 30
40 2.37
l0 2.70
3.49 .250 6.40
30 .3r2 4.39
40 std 4.88
60 20 3.27
80 1.34 30 3.46
100 40 2.54
 . Slross Intensitication and Flexibility Factors

Table 5-2
Contlnued

40 120
80 140
160 1.00 1.13
d0 10 4.39
80 !.29 3, ?9
I50 1.00 sa 3.34
3.01
{0 xs
80 1.36 40
r20 50 2.01
r60 r.0 80
xxs 100
120
{0 2.27 I40
80 160
120
160 1.04 IO 1.73
xxs 1.00 3.ss
30 2.95
20 40 2.62
30 2.47 60
40 2.24 s0
1.90 100
80 1.6 4
100 1.45 140
160 !.L2
140 1. 16
xxs l.l0 l0
160 1.05 20 t.09
xs 3.31
20 30 3.08
30 2.5I 40
{0 60
50 80 1.80
80 1.70 r00
100 t.4s 120
\20 140 L.24
140 160
t60 1.0 8
5.66
20 3.41 l0 4.86
30 2.98 std 4.39
std. 20
40 2.50
xs
50 10 s.36
80 1.7 3 4.11
100 1.49 20 3.91
120 1.32 30 3.34
140
!.50 1.08
10 3.70 s.80
20 2.88
30 4.24
40 3.6 4
xs 3.41
50 1.99
80 7.0 3
100 1.49 6.08
r20 5.36
140 4.39
r60 1.0 8
3.34
10 4.0 7
20 3.{9 7.82
30 3.09
40 s.96
60 2.09 4.A9
80 4.20
I00 t.52 3.70
 116 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 5-2
Continued

f.70 1.39 7.52

r.26 f .35
L.0 0 1.00 1.19 1.25
1.58 10 3,9 6 4.94
1.30 1.40 20 3.45
1.04 ST 3.'7 5
30 2.19
40 t.7 4 XS 3.09
80 l. 41 40 2.45
L20 I.20 60 2.00
150 1,08 80 I-7 4
xxs 1.00 1,00 100 7.12
t20
1.83 140 1.29
1.70 160
1.31 1. 41
l.14 1.18 10 5.31
t. 01 20 3.28 4.0 4
30 3.28
2.50 3,00 40 2.46 2.95
2.34 2.t9 60 2.O 4 2.38
80 1.99
1.86 2 -t4 100 t 12
1.85 120 1. 41 1.54
rc 1.48 140 I.29 1.,38
ll 1.32 1.43 1.20
1.23 f0 4.74 5.99
1.20 20 4.56
xs 3.06
20 2.a7 3.49 30 2.85
30 3.0 3 40 3,07
40 2.27 2.69 60 2.O 4 2.39
50 80 I.7 7 2.03
80 1.68 100
100 1.6 7 120 1.40
120 1.37 1.49 140 1.30 1.40
140 160

3,91 5.0 0 6.34

10 4.35 5.46
2.64 3.24 std 4.42
2.Aa 20
2.Ar
2.O7 2.43 .250 s.49 6.9I
1.94 l0 4.76 6.01
1.7 t r.94 stil 4.23 5.31
1,5r 1.68 20 3.7 7 4.69
f,49 30 3,0 7
1.28 1.37
1.22 .250 5.9 4
10
3.38 std 5.78
2.94 20 3.82 4.'t 6
3.r7 30 3.32 4.0 9
2.38 2.44 40 3.42
2.60
1.9 8 6.r7 '7.89
10 5.3s, 6.80
s tal 4.75 6.00
1.38 r.50 20 3.9 6 4.9 5
7.27 30 3.44 4.25
r.25 40

10 3.68 4.57 .250 6.8 r 8.75

20 3.20 3.9 3 .3]-2 5.9 0
30 stal 5.24 6.66
40 2.45 20 5.4 8
60 2.O2 2.36 30 4.72
80 1.74 1.9I 40
100
*RXINFORCED FABRICATED TEE PAD THICKNESS EQUAI
TO NOMINAT THICKNESS OF PIPE HEADER
 . Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors 117

Table .5F2
Continued

40 2-16 2.19
80 2.22 2.63 2.64
160 r.6 4 2.10
40 10 9.7!
80 2.30 2,7 4 20 8.35
160 1.80 2.07 ST 7.34
30
3. t8 3,90 xs 4.80 6.0?
3.03 4.45
2.50 4.58
r.88 3.92
l.8r 2.79
2.49
3.68 4.57 2.29
2.76 3.34 2.10 2.41
2.33
f.98 8.0 8 10.44
1.76 2.Ol 7 ,94
5. t4
4.61 4.60
4.31 5,49 4.61
4.9 5 3.9 4
3,4 r 4.21 3.39
2.98 3.64 3.0 3
2.67 2.24 2.70
2.35 2.80 2.44
2.07 2.43 9.09 r1. ?9
2.02
20 6.85 6. 8l
30 4.71 4.14 5.9 4
40 4.2r 3.17 4.69
60 3.44 4.25 3.24
80 3.0 7 3.?6
r00 3.0 2
120 2,45
140 2.59
160 2.0 3 2.37
9.60 l-2.46
6.02 't.69 8.30 r0.73
9.'t5
6. r0 7.80
4.39
3.84 4.78 10. s4
a.40 9.t2 11. S2
8.0 8 10.44
3.30 8.57
2.45 7.38
2.40 1I.4 4 14.92
9.9 0
10 6.40 8.20 4.77 1I.36
20 5.54 7.0 5 7.26
30 4.92 8.01
40 4.44 5.9 0
xs 4.0I 5.10
4.s3 11.8I 15.50
3.14 70.21 13.35
2,72 3.29 9.r2 1I.82
2.94 7.54
2.25 6.54 8,38
2,O9 2.45 5.79 7.34
10 6.92 8.89 13. f4 17.f9
20 6,04 11.37 14.82
30 5.36 6.81 10.30 13.40
40 4.45 10.80
50 4.6 4 9.24
80 3.18 3.9 0 6.40 8.20
118 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 5-3
Flanged Elbows-Flexibility Factors and Stress Intensiflcation Factors
STZE I|ALL NOT A'JANGED BqlC END FIANGED qllE EI{D I:UINGED
TIIICK ii i- !2 it iol
3.2s 2.7r 2.35 1.97
2.24 L-74 1.42 1.lo 1.78 r.39
2. .154 7.73 L.44 t.25 I.O4 r.47 L.22
.2La 1.32 l.03 l.09 1.o0 1.20 l.o0
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 t.oo
.436 I.00 1.o0 l.o0 l.0o I.OO l.OO
2\ . 083 2.26 r.8A
2\ 2.36 1.a3 1.a5 L.44
2\ 1.59 1.24 1.20 1.00 L.3a I.O8
2 tt" 1.06 1.00 1.15 l.oo
2\ I.OO 1.OO r.00 1.oo 1.00 1.00
2 ,2" l.0o 1.oo I.OO 1.00 1.o0 1.oo
3.54 2.95 1.73 1.49 2.52 2.09
.120 2.74 2.24
3' .2I5 2.7S I.48 1.2a I.06 1.50 I.25
.300 1.38 I.15 1.12 1.OO
1.01 l.OOj 1.OO 1.00 1.00 1.oo
3i .600 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.OO r.00
. on3 3.85 3.21 2.6e 2.23
.1?o 2.97 2.47 1.64 1.36 2.20 1.83
3t" r.88 I.56 I.30 1.08
.314 L.44 L.20 r.I4 I.00 1.28 r.07
3!" .536 1.O0 1.00 1.00 I.oo L.00 1.00
.0a3 4.13 3-44 1.93 1.61 2.S3 2.35
.L20 3.L9 2.66 2.33 1.94
.237 l.61 1.34
.337 1.16 1.0o
r.22 1.Ol l.os 1.00 1.13 1.00
.531 L.04 1.00 1.00 1.oo 1.00 1.00
-674 I.OO l.O0 1.00 t.oo 1.00 1.00
3.93 3.28 1.88 1.57 2.72 ?..27
'134 3.41 2.S4 1.76 1.46 2.45 2.O4
.258 2.13 l.?8 1.38 1.16
1.61 1.34 1.20 1.OO r..39 1.16
I.29 I.0o I.09 1.O0 I.la I.00
.625 1.07 1. o0 1.00 1.oo 1.O2 1.00
.750 l.oo 1.00 1.OO 1.00 L.OO 1.00
4.41 3.68 1.99 1.66 2.96 2.47
1.45 1.54
50 .280 1.43 l.19 1.ao 1.50
.432 1.65 1.3? 1.22 1.01 1.42 ].I8
.562 l.I0 1.OO
.718 l.lo l.o0 r.o0 1.OO 1.05 1.00
.864 1.00 1.00 l.oo l.oo 1.OO 1.OO
5.20 4.34 2.16 1.81 3.35 2.80
.148 4.23 3.52 I.96 1.63 2.88 2.39
.25O 2-92 2.44
1.57 1.31
.322 2.45 2.O4 1.49 !.24
.406 2.06 t.72 1.36 1.14 1.68 1.40
.500 r.77 r.47 1.50 !.24
.593 1,18 1.0o
.718 1.34 1.11 1.11 t.oo I.21 1.00
.aL2 1.23 1.02 l.06 1.o0 r.14 1.00
.875 1.14 1.O0 l.ol l.o0 1.07 1.00
8i .906 r.11 l. o0 l.oo l.oo l.o5 1.OO
Note: l.o, iof, io2 are out-of,-p16ne intensifLcation factols
i, 11r 12 are Ln plEne lntensiflcation factors
 Stress Intensification and Flexibilitv Factors 119

Table 5-3
Continued

10" 5.23 4.36 2.r1 l.a1 3.37 2.Af

10" 4.55 3.79 2.03 1.69
ro" 3.4L 2.44 1.75 1.45 2.44 2.O4
10" 2.94 2.45 2.18 1.42
10" 1.53 r.2A
Lo" 2.08 1.73 1.37 I.t4 1.69 r.40
to" f.2a 1.07
10" 1.19 1.0O 1.37 1.14
10" 1.40 1. t7 1.12 1.OO
ro" 1.22 1.00 t.o5 1.00 1.13 1.O0
10" 1.11 1.Oo 1.00 1.oo 1.05 1.00

t2" .156 5.26 4.39 2.18 t.a2

12" .180 4.'t9 3.99 2.08 1.73 3.16 2.63
t2" .250 3.8t 3.18 1.85 r.54
12" .330 3.14 2.61 1.69 1.41 2.30 l.9I
2.a7 2.39
12" .406 2.7a 2.26 1.56 1.30 2.06 1.72
L2" .500 2.33 1.94 1.45 1.2r 1.84 1.53
l.4t 1.1? r.73 r.44
1.85 r.54 r.29 1.04
12" .443 1.19 1.00 1.37 1.15
t2" 1.000 1.39 1.16 1.12 t.Oo I.25 1.04
1.27 r.06 1.07 1.00 1.17 1.O0
r.12 1.o0 1.00 1.00 t.06 1.oo

14" .250 3.90 3.25 2.70 2.25

l.4n .312 J..'t4 1.45 2.4r 2.0O
14" .375 2.92 2.44 t.62 1.35
14" .434 1.5? r.3f
14" .500 2.33 r.94 1.45 1.21 1.84 f.53
14" .593 1.38 1.15 L.t3 r.44
14" .750 1.79 1.49 1,27 1.06
14" .937 1..17 r. OO
14" r.093 1.34 1.12 f.10 o.92
14" r.250 1.21 1.01 1.05 L.oo 1.13 1.00
14" 1.406 1.09 1.o0 1.00 t.00 1.O4 1.00
16" ,250 4-27 3.55 r.96 1.64 2.9O 2.41
16" .312 3.A1 3.18 1.83 I.52 2.60 2.16
16" .375 3.23 2.'7O 1.71 1.42 2.34 1.96
16" .500 2.63 2.19 1.54 r.2a 2.OL l.6a
16" .556 2.17 1.81 1.40 1.r7 L.'74 1,45
16" .843 1.81 1.51 r.2a 1.06
16" 1.O31 f.18 l.oo 1.35 1.13
16" r".2IA 1.11 L. oo 1.23 1.03
t 6" 1.438 1.20 1.00 1.04 r.00 l.l2 1.00
1.10 1.00 1.03 l-.00 r.05 1.00
4.62 3.85 2.O4 r.7O 3.07 2,56
3.94 3.32 1.9O 1.58 2.75 2.29
18n .475 1.78 1.49 2.51 2.O9
18" .{34 1.69 1.41 2.31 1.93
la" .500 2.A7 2.39 1.61 1.34 2.15 t.79
18" .352 2.63 2.t9 1.54 \.24 2.01 1.68
18" .750 L.39 1.15 1.73 1.44
la" .93'l 1.82 1.52 1.28 1.07
1am t_.156 1.56 1.30 t.r8 0.99 1.36 1.14
18" 1.375 1.11 1.00 1.23 1.02
18" l-.562 1.23 1.00 t.os 1.00 1.14 1.O0
18" t .78r 1.11 1.OO l.oo l. oo 1.05 l.o0

Note: i^, i^f i-2 are out-of-plane intensification factors

i; jt; i2 ire in plane intensification facEors
 120 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 5-3
Continued

20" .250 4.91 4.14 2-L2 1.77 3.24 2.70

20" .375 3.77 3.L4 1.A4 1.53 2.64 2.2O
20" .500 3.0a 2,5? 'L.67 1.39 2.26 r.a9
20" .593 2.OA 1.73
20" .812 2.r8 r.82 r.75 1.46
20" 1.031 1.a4 1.53 L.29 1.0? 1.54 r.28
20" 1.241 1.56 1.30 1.19 1.00 1.36 1.13
20" 1.500 t.3a r.t5 1.11 1.OO 1.24 1.03
20" 1.750 L.22 t.02 1.O5 1.00 1.13 1.OO
20" 1.96A 1.11 1.OO 1.O0 1.00 l.05 t.o0
24" .250 5.63 4.69 2.25 1.84
24" .375 4.29 3.5'l L.97 1.64 2-9L 2.42
24" .5OO 1.7a 1.48 2.51 2.O9
24" .562 3.24 2-70 r.71 L-42
24" .6A1 2.80 2-34 1.59 1.32
24" .968 2.20 1.83 4.76 1.46
24" 1.21a 1.30 l.oa
24" I.531 1.56 1.30 l.r9 t.oo
24" 1.a12 1.13 1.00 1.23 1.04
24" 2.062 L.24 r.O3 1.06 1.oo 1.r5 r.00
24n 2.343 1.12 1.00 1.OO 1.O0 1.06 1.00
30n .2so 2.43 2-O3
I 5.63 4.69 2-25 l-.84
t. 30" .375 4.97 4.L4 3,24 2 -70
t:l 30" .500 1.93 1.61 2-A2 2-34
30" .625 1.7A 1.49 2.51 2.O9
o8 2.57

. Miter bends-Modify the K and i factor when the butt Factors and Characteristics h, k, and i
weld of the flange is located within one and one half
pipe diameters of the nearest miter weld measured from
the centerline of the pipe.

Although not specified by the Code, this will apply to Butt-weld joint 1 1.0
both closely and widely spaced miters. Reducer I 1.0
Note: Large-diameter thin-wall piping elbows and mi- Weld-neck flange I 1.0
ters are affected by internal line pressure. According to a Double-welded slipon flange I l'.t
*Batelle" report to dre AGA, the flexibility factors on Fillet-welded joint-single weld I 1.3
these items are seriously impaired by internal pressure. To Socket-welded flange I 1.1
correct the values from Table 5-1: Single-welded slip-on flange I t.3
Lap-joint flange (with ANSI Code I 1.6
Divide K by: 816.9 lap-joint stub)
(1 + o
(P) (r)]" (Rt)t" Screwed pipe joint or screwed flange | 2.3
'E"tz I2 Corrugated straight pipe or 5 2.s
corrugated or creased bend.
Divide i by:
flexibility facrr
(r+3.2s)9qq#
Ecrr
Nate.' Factors shown apply to bending
for torsion equal to 0.9.
 Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors 121

Widely Spaced Miters

D = Pipe 0.250 Wall 0.375 Wall Dimensions
Size 2-weld 2-Weld (in decimals
(inJ Miter Miter ot teet)
A
12 14.2 5.4 10.1 4.1 0.878
T4 15.4 5.7 10.9 4.4 1.025
16 r7.3 6.3 12.2 4.8 t.171
l8 l9.l 6.8 13.5 5.2 I .318
20 20.8 7.3 14.8 5.6 1.464
24 24.3 8.3 t7 .3 6.3 1.757
26 26.0 8.7 18.5 6.6 1.903
30 29.3 9.6 20.8 7.3 2.196
JZ 30.9 10.0 22.0 7.6 2.343
32.6 10.4 23.2 8.0 2.489
36 34.2 10.9 24.3 8.3 2.636
40 37 .3 11.'l 26.6 8.9 2.938
42 38.9 r2.0 27 .7 9.2 3.075
48 43.5 r3.2 31.0 10.0 3.514
54 48.0 r4.2 34.2 10.9 3.954
60 52.4 15.3 37.3 11.9 4.393
12 61.0 l7 .3 43.5 13.2 5.272
K = flexibility faaor
i. - outof-plane stress intensificatian factor
ii = in plane stress inlensification Jbctor

Figure 5-1. Flexibility and stress intensification factors of two-weld miter elbows.

Widely Spaced Miters

D = Pipe 0.250 wall Wall
0.375 Dimensions
Size 3-Weld 3-Weld (in decimals
(in.) Miter Miter ot feet)
ir=i" lt =lo
12 i0.8 4.3 7.7 3.3 0.696 0.401
t4 tt.1 4.6 8.3 3.5 0.812 0.468
lo 13.1 5.1 9.3 3.8 0.928 0.535
18 14.5 5.5 10.3 4.2 .044 0.602
1

20 15.9 5.9 lr.3 4.5 1.160 0.669

24 18.5 6.7 l3.l 5.1 r.392 0.803
26 19.8 7.0 1,4.1 5.3 1.508 0.870
30 22.3 7.7 1s.9 5.9 1.740 1.004
23 .6 8. 1 16.8 6.1 1.856 1.071
34 24.8 8.4 17.6 6.4 1.972 1.138
36 26.0 8.'7 18.5 6.6 2.088 1.205
40 28.4 9.4 20.2 7.1 2.320 1.339
29.6 9.7 2r.1 7 .4 2.436 1.406
48 33.1 10.6 23.6 8. l 2.784 r.607
54 36.6 11.5 26.0 8.7 3.132 1.808
60 39.9 12.3 28.4 9.4 3.480 2.009
72 46.5 13.9 33.1 10.6 4.176 2.411
K = fleribilitf factor
i" = outof-plane stress intensification factor
it = in-plane strcss intensification factor

Figure 5-2. Flexibility and stress intensification factors of three-weld miter elbows.
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities
for Cylindrical Vessels

It is customary for piping stress analysts to model a pip- time and money on these changes, let's model the nozzh
ing system with rigid ends or anchors at the equipment data points 5 ard 30 with flexible end conditions using the
nozzles. This assumption is acceptable when the system is flexibility factors from Table 61. The table shows that fa
flexible and the anchor loads are low. But anytime the sys- exchanger E-l the in-plane rotational flexibility (R.F.) is
tem shows high loads and stress€s, the analyst must deter- .626 x 106 in.{bs/deg, and the out-of-plane R.F. is
mine how reasonable the assumption in modeling the noz- .209 x lff
in.Jbs/deg. For the tower Tl the in-plarc
zles as rigid anchors was. R.F. is 1.22 x lff in.-lbs/deg, and the outof-plane R.F. b
The author has developed tables of rotational nozzle .4Oi xltr
in.-lbs/deg. The new computer calculatior
flexibilities for cylindrical vessels ranging in diameters show that the highest stress is 12,015 psi and the new
from 2 ft to 20 ft and connecting nozzles ranging in diam- forces at anchor are:
eters from 2 in. to 48 in. sTD. thickness.*
To demonstrate how these flexibility facton really af-
fect the accuracy of stress calculations for a simple piping D.P. F.0b) Fy 0b) n4 (ft-rbo
system, an example where a l4-in. O.D. pipe from an ex-
Tl
5 -2,tOO -6,04 3,3@
changer E-l ties to a tower is shown in Figwe 6-1.
The computer stress calculation with rigid ends or an-
30 2,100 6,082 -20,741
chors show a high stress of 33, 616 psi in the system and
These forces are obviously much lower ftan the frst as-
forces and moments at the nozzles as:
sumption with rigid ends. Now we know tlnt the piprng
system is not overstressed. The shell of the exchanger E-l
(}D. F, (rb) F,0b) n4 (ft-tb) or the tower T:-l needs to be checked for local stresses
with the new loads. It is quite possible that they are ac-
5 -il,113 -28,r4 85,749 ceptable to the exchanger and vessel designer and manu-
30 l l.l l3 28.182 t49.174 facturers.
The following is a method for determining the spnng
rate of nozzles attached to vessels or stubbed into larger
Tb reduce these high forces and moments, we will have piping. Only in- and out-of-plane rotational spring rat€s
to modit the piping configwation with more elbows or are included, since the radial flexibility is normally ig-
an additional expansion joint. But before we spend more nored. Nozde flexibilities sttould not be used if the nozde

122
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 123

or pad diameter is greater than one third of the run or ves- where C .09 for in-plane bending
sel diameter. c: .27 for out-of-plane bending
Nozde flexibilities were calculated in accordance with D: Diameter of vessel or run, in.
the phase report ORNL 115-3, Equation 8, page 6. Ds: Diameter of branch, in.
E= Modulus of elasticity, psi
c ws DB (-D/Wf" I: Moment of inertia of branch, in.a
K: WD
(6-l) K: Flexibility factor
M: Moment, in.{bs
PI: Circumference of a circle divided by the
. MDBK
o=- (6-2) diameter
EI e:
w:
Angle of rotation, radiam
Wall of
thickness or run, in.
vessel

Spring Rate : EIPI (6-3)

2160DBK
Solving Equation 6-2 tot (Ml?) and converting units to
ftJbs/deg we have Equation 6-3.
ws: Wall of branch, in.
thickness
In-plane bending refers to bngitudinnl bending in the
run or vessel in the plane formed by the intersection of the
branch and vessel or run centedines. Out-of-plane bend-
tngreferc to circumferentialbendng it a plane perpendic-
ular to the vessel or run diameter.

PIPE:
MAT. - C.S.
o.D. - 14"
THCK. - .375"
TEMP, - 450'F

EXCHANGER E.1: b
I
MAT. - C.S. I

o.D. - 5'-0" I
I

THCK. - 1lz' --T- t

TEMP, - 45OOF
I
I
TOWER T-1:
MAT. - C.S.
o.D. - 10'-o" I
THCK. - %" I
I
TEMP - 450"F

Figure 6-1. An example diagram of a piping system where 14-in. O.D. pipe trom an exchanger ties to a tower'
124 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Rota Stiff calculation, Gyl. vessel
ROIA STI'F CALCULATIOTI, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL vEss€L r{ozzLE ZLE ROT STIF IN.LB/DEG

NO2
00.F1 TCK,IN OD,]N T N INPLANE OUTPLAI.IE
CK,I
STD LOI,I6I CIRCU

2.000 .2 50 2.375 -154 .265E+05 .882Ef04

2.375 -154 .729 Er 05 .2438+05
2.000 .500 2.375 .154 .1 50E r06 .499 E +0 5
2.000 .6?5 2.375 .154 .2618+06 .871E+05
2.000 2.375 .154 .4128r06 .1378+06
2.000 J .000 2.375 .154 .8 47€r 06 .28?E+06
2.000 1.?50 ? -375 .154 .1 48 E+07 .493 E +0 6
2.000 1.500 2 .t75 .154 .233E+07 .7 78E+O 6
?.000 1.750 ?-375 .154 .343E+07 .114e+O7
2.000 2.000 2.3?5 .154 .479e +07 .160E+07
2.C00 .250 3 .500 .216 .394E+05 -131E+05
2.000 .325 3.500 .216 .t0EE+06 .362E.05
2.000 .500 3.500 -216 .223E+05 .712E+o5
2.000 3. 500 -216 .389E+06 -130F+06
2.000 .750 .216 .6'l4E+06 .205E+06
2.000 1 .000 3.500 .216 .126E+ C7 .420E+06
2.000 1-250 3.500 .215 .22O8+07 .733EtO 6
2.OOO 1.500 3 .500 -216 .347 E+A7 .1168+07
2.000 3 .500 .216 . 510€+07 -170E+07
2.000 2.000 3.500 .216 .712E +oz .2378+Q7
2.C00 .250 4.500 .237 ,520E|05 .l738+05
2.00c .375 4.500 .237 .143Er06 .478E+05
2.000 .500 4. 500 .237 .294E+06 .981€+05
2.000 -625 4.500 .237 -514E+06 .1718+06
2.000 .7 50 4 -500 .237 .81t8+06 .27OE+D6
2 -OOr) 1.000 4.500 .237 .166E+07 .555F+06
?-000 1-250 4.500 .237 .29'l E+Ol .9 69 E+06
2.000 1. 500 4.500 .237 .459E+07 .153E+07
2.000 1.750 4 .500 .?37 .67 4E107 -225t+O7
2.000 2.000 4.500 .942E+07 .314€+07
2.000 .250 6.625 -280 .790E+05 .263E+05
2.000 .375 6.625 .280 .21EEf06 .726E+O5
?.000 .500 6.625 . ?80 .4 478+ 06 .149E+06
?.000 .625 6.625 .280 .781E+06 .?608+06
2.000 .7 50 6.625 .123E+07 .4118+06
2 .000 1.000 5.625 .280 .253E+07 .843E+06
2.000 1.250 6.625 .280 .142E+A7 .117e+A7
2.000 1.500 6 .6?5 .280 .697E+07 .232E+o7
2.000 't .7 50 6.6?5 .280 ,'102E+08 .3428+07
2.000 2.OOO 6.625 .280 .143E+08 .477E+47

2.500 .250 2.375 .154 -237E+05 .789E+O4

.t75 2.375 .151 .6528+05 .217E+Os
2.500 . t00 2.375 .154 .134E+06 .446E+Q5
2.50 0 .625 ?.3?5 .154 .234E+06 .7798+05
-750 2.375 .369E+06 .123E+O6
2.50 0 1 .000 2-375 .154 .7 578+05 .2528+46
2.500 1.25(J 2.375 -132a+07 .4418+06
2.50 0 I .500 2.375 -154 .2C9E+07 .695€+06
2 .500 I .750 2.3?5 .'t 54 . 3C7E+ 07 -102Ef07
2 .500 2.OfJO 2.375 .154 .128E+07 .143ErO7
2.500 .250 3.500 .216 .552E+05 .1'l7E+O'
2.5C0 .37 5 .216 .970E+ 05 .323E+05
2.500 .500 3.500 .216 .199 E+06 .56 4E r0 5
2 .500 .625 3.500 .216 .348 E +06 -116etO6
2 .500 .750 5 .500 .?16 .5 49 Er 06 .183Ef06
1.000 .216 .'113E+07 .376E+06
2.500 1-250 3.500 .216 .197E+07 .656Ef06
2.500 1.500 .216 .3'10€+C7 -103E+07
2.50[r 1.750 3 .500 .216 .456E+O? .152E +O7
 20+ SSZL' 10+lS2t' 00s't 009't 000' t
9O+3 L6L' 10+ tLtz' Itz' 00E't o9?' t 000' I
90+3tEt' l0+39t1' 00s'? 000'I 000't
9O+3 L ZZ' 90+1299. tiz' 00s't r)s 2' 00c'l
90+l0t!' 9Crl0Zt' 005't szg' 000't
st]1rt08' 90r10rz' 00s 't 005' 000'5
S0+r06t' 9A+tLtl' Lt z' 009' , 0c0't
so+tzrL' S0 +13Zr' lt2' 00s't osz' 000't
to+1r 61' lar )z8g' 00s't 0c0'z 000't
to+)6tL' to+ 12Lt' 9L2' 00('t 09t'L 00c' t
90+r9t6' zo+ atgz' 9LZ' 00E't 0c9'L 000' t
90+r 66S' 10+108!' 9tz' 00s' t 052't 000't
90+rttt' 20+lt0!' 9tz' 00s't 000' I 000't
9O+1L9 L' 90+ll0s' 912' 00E' t ost' 000't
90+:1901' 90+l8tt' 9 LZ' 00E't szg' 090' 5
s0+3909' 9C+rZ8l' 9LZ' 00s't 00s' 000'5
s0+3952' !0+r968' 9LZ' 009't 000' t
s0+rl.0l' s0+l tz t' 9tz' 009't 09z' 000't
1.0+:0tl' lO+z L6r' t9 L' 000'z 000't
90rltt6' z0+J082' ts L' stt'z 00c't
90+35t9' to+ )o6L' ts L' slt'z 00s't 000'I
90+3?0t' to+3lzL' 09?'I 0c0' t
90+1052' 90+l169' ts L' glt'2 000' I 000't
9Ot )Z I L' 9O+a Ltt' ,s L' 091' 0c0't
SO+) t, L' 9A + L2'It ts t' 0c0' I
90+ltor' 9O +1ZZ ,' ts l' 009' 000' t
S0+386t' S0+3S65' 000't
t0+r0zl.' s0+39t?' ,s L' sLt'z 000't

20+)r9S' 80+;1691' zzt' g29'I 000'z 0cs'z

lo+lrot' 80+3lzl' azt' sz9' I OSL'L cos 'z
Lo+1s2?' 20+3rz t' EZ9'8 009' I 00E' z
to+3rLt' LO+1ZZS' sz9'a osz'L 00s'z
90+]166' 10+1662' EZ9' I 0c0' I 009'z
90+lE8r' 20+)9' L' szg'8 os L' 009'z
90+tg0t' 90+3t26' E29'8 szg' 00s' z
91+ f9lL. 90+t6zs' zzt' szg' I 00s' 00s'z
E0+r8E8' 90+ 1L92. s29'8 00s'z
90+lllt. E0+rtt6' zzt' E29'S a9 z' c0g'z
l0+SLzr' g0+rgZ r. otiz' sz9- 9 000 'z c35'Z
;
101390t' 10+i LL 6' 082' szg'9 as2'L 005'z
lo+)eoz' lo+39?9' 08 z' szg'9 o9s'L oo3'z
L0+3ztl' 1.0+rg6t' 08 z' szg'9 osz't o09'z
9O+1' S l' L0 + )9 ZZ' 082' szg'9 000' I 00E 'z
9O+3t9t' L0 + 10L t' 03 z' sz9'9 0Ez' 00E'z
90+rttz' 90+1669' 082' s z9'9 sz9' oDs'z
90+lttl' 90]303t' 082' szg'9 00E' 00s'z
s0+16t9' 90+356t'. 082' szg'9 1xs'z
S0+39t2' I0 +:l,l0l. 082' szg'9 09z' 006'z
lo+) L?z' 20+12' g' ).tz' 008' t 000'z 00s'z
l0+a LOZ' /0+1t09' oos't OSL'L oos'z
LO+) Lt l' t0+30Lr. Itz' 00E't 00s' t 00t' z
90+1e98' LC+ 10? Z. 00s't osz'L 00E' z
6i'
90+ 39 20+36r r. 2t2' 00s -t 000't 00E'z
90+3ZrZ' 9t+)SzL' lrz' 009't 0s2' 005' z
90+rEs l' 9C+109t' 005' t sz9' 00E'z
s0+31.28' 90+lt9Z' Itz' 00s't 00s' 00E'z
SO+rlzr' 90+3 8Z I' Itz' 00E't 0cs'z
90+lS9t' 2t?' 005'? osz' 009'z
LO+ 3 2LZ' lo+1Ltg' 9 L?' 00s't 000'z 00s'z

NJUI] I9NO'] (ls

lNvldIn0 I Nv-l dNI NI')]I NI')JI IJ'OO
-l3sslA
9rc/€'t'NI i Its 10u l-tzz0N -13
ss 3A
-tJss3A'"llJ,NOllvlnllvl tlrls v10u

penu!luoc
t-9 etqer

slassen lPcr.rpurdc Jof ssll!l!qrxell elzzoN leuollPlou

 126 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROIA STIfF CALCULAIIOII, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL t{0zzLE NOZZLE ROT STI f II{.LB/DE6

OD,fT TC K,IN OD,IN T CK,I N INPLANE OUTPLA}'IE
SID LONGI CIRCU

3.000 1.750 4.500 .237 .551E +O7 . l84E +0 7

3.000 2.000 4-500 .237 .7 69 E+07 .?56E+07
3.U00 .z5g 6.625 .280 .6458+05 .?15E+05
3.000 .375 6.625 .280 .l 78 E+ 06 .5938.05
3.0c0 .500 6.625 .280 .365€+06 .1228ro6
3.000 ,6 25 6.625 .280 .638Ei06 .2t3Er06
3.000 .7 50 6.625 .280 .1018+07 .3f,5E+06
3.00c 1.000 6.625 .2 E0 .?07E+07 .6888+06
3.000 1.250 6.625 .280 .361E+07 .120E+07
3.000 'f . 500 6.625 .280 .569E+07 .190E+07
3.000 1.750 6.625 .2E0 .8t7E+07 .279E+O7
3 .000 2.000 6.625 - 280 .1'l7E+08 .389E+07
3.000 .250 8.625 .322 -853E+05 .284E+05
3.000 .375 4.625 .322 .235E+06 .78 3 E.0 5
3.0c0 . 500 8 .625 .322 . 4 92 E.06 .161E+06
3.000 .625 8.625 -322 .843Er06 .e8l E+06
3.O00 .750 E.625 .322 .135c+07 .443E+06
3.000 I .000 8 .625 -322 .?73E+07 .910E+06
3 .000 t. ?50 8.625 .32? .477Er07 .159E+07
L 3.000 1 .5s0 8.625 .322 .752e+07 .251E+O7
l, 3.000 1.750 8.625 .322 .ttlE+08 .569E+0 7
l:i
2.000 8.625 -3?Z .l 54Er 0E .51'E+O7
3.000 .250 10.750 . t65 - 107E+06 .358Ero5
5.000 .375 10.750 .365 .2968+06 .986Ei05
5.000 .500- | 0.750 .165 .608E+06 .?03Er06
5.000 .625 10.754 .106E+07 .3548+06
3.000 .750 10.750 .36 5 .167a+07 .558E+06
3.000 1.000 10 -759 .311E+07 -115E+07
l
3.000 1.2r0 10 - 750 .365 .600E+07 .200E+07
3.000 1.500 10.750 - 565 .9 47 E+ E7 .316E.07
t, 3.000 1.750 10.750 .365 . '139 E+0 8 .464E+O7
3.0c0 ?.000 10.750 -365 .194Er08 .646 Er0 7

' 3.500 .250 2.375 .154 .2C0E+05 .6 67 E r04

I 3. 500 .375 2.375 .t 54 -551C+05 -184E105
.500 2.375 .151 .113Er06 .377E+Os
1.500 .6?5 2.375 .154 .198Ff06 .659Er05
.7 50 2.375 .154 .312E{06 .1048+06
.000
'| 2.375 -154 -640Er06 .213E+O6
f.500 1.250 2.37' .154 .112E+07 .373Er06
3.5C0 1 .500 2.375 .154 .176E+07 .5888+06
1.750 -154 .259E+07 .864Er06
3.500 2.000 ?.375 .154 .362E+07 .1?1E+O7
3 .50C .250 3.500 .216 .298 E +C5 .99ZtrO4
3.500 .216 .820E+05 .27iE+05
.500 3.500 .216 .168Er06 .561E+05
3.500 .625 3.500 .216 .294E+ 06 .980E+05
3.500 .750 .216 .4648+O6 .155E+06
3-500 1 .000 3.500 .216 .952Ef06 .317ErOo
3.5C0 1.250 3.500 .216 .166E+07 .554E.06
.?16 .?62E. 07 .875E+06
3.500 1.750 3,500 .216 .386E+07 .1?9e+O?
t.500 2-000 3.500 -2'16 .539Er07 .1 80E+0 7
3.5C0 4 .500 .237 -t 31€r0 5
3.500 4.500 .237 .108€+06 .361E+05
. 500 4.500 .2t7 .222Er06 .741€+05
3.500 .625 4,500 .?t7 .389r + 06 .i30E'06
1.500 .7 5b 4.500 .237 .613 Ei 06 .204€+06
3.500 1.000 4.500 .237 .126E+07 . 419 E+0 6
t.250 4.500 .237 .2208+07 .733E+06
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 127

Table 6-l
Continued

ROTA STIFF CALCULATIONT CYL' VESS€L

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZLE N02 ZLE ROT STIF II{.LB/DE6

0D,fI ICKTIN 0D,Iil T C(,I N II,IPLANE OU]PLANE
SID LOI1GI CIRCU

3.5C0 1.500 4. 500 .347 E +07 .1169+02

1.500 'l .7 50 4.500 ,5108 +07 -1708 +O7
3.500 2.000 4.500 .2a7 .7'l ?E + c7 .237E+ol
.250 6.6?5 .2E0 .597e+ A5 .199E+05
3.500 6 .625 .280 .t55E+06 .549E+05
3.500 .500 6.625 .338E+C6 .113E+06
3.500 .625 6.625 .2 80 .590E+06 .1978+06
3.500 .7 50 6.625 .280 .9318+o6 .3'l0Er06
3.500 t.00rJ 6.625 .191E+07 .637 E+O6
3.500 't .250 6.625 .2E0 .3348+07 .1 'l1 E+07
3.500 1.500 6.625 .280 .527E+C7 .176E+07
3 .500 1.750 6.625 .2 80 .7 7 5E+ 07 .258E+07
3.500 2.000 6.625 .280 .1088+08 _3617+07
3.50 0 .250 .790E+05 .263E+0 5
3.5C0 8.625 .322 .218E+06 .7?5E+O5
.500 E -625 .4178+06 .149E+06
5.500 .625 8 .625 .780E+06 -260E+06
3 .500 .7 50 E.625 .123E+C7 .410E+06
3 .500 1.000 E .625 -?53E+C7 ,842€+05
3 .500 1 .?50 8.6?5 -t?2 .441E+C7 .147E+07
3 .500 I .500 -696E+ 07 .23?E+07
3.5 00 1.750 4.625 .3?2 .102E+08 ,34'l E+C 7
3.500 2.000 a .625 .11'3E+08 .47 6E+ 07

3.500 .250 10.750 .991E+05 .331E+0 5

3.500 10, 750 .50> .27 4E+06 .913€+05

3-500 .500 10.750 .562E+06 .187E+06
3 .500 10.750 .365 .9838+06 .328E+06
3,500 -7 50 r 0, 750 .l SSEaOl .517E+o6
3.500 1-000 10.750 .3'l8E+07 .106E+07
3. 500 1.250 1 0. 750 .5568147 ,185E+07
3.500 1 .500 1 0.750 ,3 65 .877E+ 07 .292E+07
3.500 1.750 10 ,750 .365 .129 E+ 08 .430E+A7
3 .500 2 .000 10 .750 .180E+08 .6008+07
3 .500 12.750 .'l 20E+06 .399E+05
3.500 1? .750 .375 .329 E+C6 .1'l0Ef06
3 .500 .500 12.750 .375 .676E+ 06 .225E+06
3.500 .625 12.750 .375 .118E+07 .394E+06
3.500 .7 50 12 -750 .i86E+07 .621 E+06
3 .5C0 .0s0 .375 .'128F+07
3.500 .250 '12.?50 .375 .666E+07 .223E+oz
J .500 .500 12.750 .'1058+08 .351E+07
3.500 .750 12.750 . I 55 E+08 -517 E+07
3 .500 2. 000 12.750 -375 .2168+08 .7?1E+O7

4.00 0 2.375 .15 4 - 187E+05 .624E+O4

1, .000 2.375 .154 .515E+05 .172E+05
4.000 .500 2.375 .154 .106Er06 .353Er05
4 .000 .154 .185E+06 .61 6E +0 5
4.000 ?.375 .154 .292E+06 .972E+05
4.000 .000 ?.s75 -5999+06 .200E+06
4.000 .?50 2.375 -'t 54 .105E+07 .349 E+ 06
4 .00c .500 ,154 . 't 65 E+ 07 .550E+06
/. .0c 0 2.375 .151 .2438+07 .808E+06
4.000 2 .000 2.375 .'t54 .339E+O7 .1'l3E+07
4.000 .250 3. 500 .216 .2?8 € + 05 .928E+04
4.000 3.500 .2.16 .7 67E+05 .256E+05
4.000 .500 3. 500 .z't6 .157E+05 ,525Er05
/,.000 3 .500 .2'16 .27 5E+ 06 .917E +O5
4.000 .75rJ 3.500 -454F+06 .1458+06
4.rJ00 1 .000 3.900 .?16 . 891 E+ 06 .29 7 E+O 6
128 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
R0TA SfIFF CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL
VESSEL vEssEL i{0zz LE NOZZLE ROT SII F IN.LB/DEG
OD,fT ICKTIN OD,IN TcKrIt{ INPLANE 0uTPLAt{E
STD LONGI CIRCU

4.000 1 .250 3.500 .216 .156E+A7 E.06

. 519
4.0c0 1.500 3.500 .216 .215E + C7 .818E+06
4.000 1.750 3.500 .216 .361E+07 .1 208 +07
4.000 2.000 3.500 -216 .504E+07 .l6E E+07
4.000 .250 4. 500 .237 .366 E+ 05 -123t+O5
4.000 .375 4.500 .237 -101Er06 .338 t +0 5
4 .000 .500 4.500 .?37 .2OaE+06 .694 E+ 05
4.0c0 .6?5 4.500 .237 .363E+O6 .1218+06
4.00 0 .7 50 4. 500 .237 .573E+06 .1 91 Ero6
4.C00 1.000 4.500 .237 . t 18E+07 -392E+06
4.000 1.250 4.500 .237 .206E+07 .68 5 E+06
4.000 1.500 4.500 .237 .324E+ 07 . 108E r07
4.000 1.750 4. 500 .237 .477E +07 .159E+0?
4.C00 2.OOO 4.500 .666E+07 .22?E+O7
4,000 .250 . ?80 .559Er05 .1E6E+05
4.000 .37 5 6.625 .280 .1 54E+06 .513E.05
4.000 6.625 ,260 - 316E r 06 .105E +06
4 .000 .625 6.625 .2E0 .552E+C6 .184E+06
4.000 .7 50 6.625 .?80 .8718r06 .290 Er0 6
1.000 6.625 .280 .179 * A7 .5968+06
4.000 1 .250 6.625 .2E0 .312E+07 .104E+07
4.000 I .500 6.6?5 .280 .493E+07 .164E+07
4.000 1.750 6.625 .280 -7 ZsE+ 07 -2428+87
4.000 2.000 6.6?5 ,280 .1018+c8 .t378 +47
4 .000 .250 8.625 .t22 .7398r05 .246€+05
/..000 .37 5 .322 .2o4E+06 .678E+05
4.000 .500 a -625 -3?Z .4'lEE+06 . 139 E+06
4.000 .625 8.625 .322 .730Ef06 . 243 E+0 6
4.000 .7 50 8.625 .322 .115€+07 .3848106
4.000 1.0c0 8.625 .322 .236E + 07 .78EE+06
4.000 1 .250 I .625 .322 .413E+07 .138E+07
4.000 1 .500 E .625 .322 .651E'07 .217 E+o7
/, .00 0 1.759 8.625 -322 .958E+07 .319E+O7
4.000 2.000 6.625 .134€r08 -416E+07
4.000 l0 .750 .365 .930E+05 .310Er05
4 .000 1 0 .750 .365 .256E+06 .854Er05
4.000 .500 10.750 .526E+06 .175E+06
4.000 .625 't 0.7s0 .9'l9Er06 .306E|06
4.000 .7 50 10.750 .365 .145E+07 .4E5E+06
4.000 .000 10.750 .296E+07 .992Ei06
4.000 .2 ro I 0.750 .565 .5208+07 .17 3E +07
4.000 .500 10.750 -365 .E208+07 .2738+O7
4.000 .750 r 0.750 .121E+08 .40?Ero7
4.000 2.000 10.750 .168E+06 .5618+07
4.0c0 .250 12.750 .375 .112f+06 .373€+05
4.000 .t7 5 12.750 .3CEE+C6 .103E+06
4.000 .500 12.750 .375 .633r+06 .21 I E +06
4.0 00 .625 12.75O .375 .t118+07 .f68€+06
4.000 .174E+07 .561 E+06
4.000 t-000 1Z .750 .358E+07 .119E+O7
4.00 0 1.254 't2.750 -375 .6258r07 .2O8E+87
4.000 1.500 12.750 .375 .9E 6 E+ 07 -329E+07
4.000 1.750 12.750 .145E|0E .4838+o7
4.000 2.000 '12.750 .202Ef08 .675E+O7
4.000 .250 I 4.000 .37 5 .124E+06 .413Et05
4.000 .375 14.000 .37 5 .311Er06 .114E+O6
4.00 0 .500 1 4.000 .700E+06 .233E+06
4.000 .625 I 4.000 .375 .122E+87 .40EE+06
4.0c0 14.000 .575 .193Er07 .643E+06
4.000 1.000 1 4.000 .396E+07 -112E+O7
4.000 1.250 14.000 .692E+A7 .?31E+Ol
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 129

Table 6-1
Continued
ROlA SIIfF CALCULATIOiIT CYL. VESS€L

vEss€L vEssEL r{022L€ E ROT STI F IN.LBlDEG

NO2 ZL
OD,FT lCK,lN 0Dr1N ICK,IN INPLANE 0UlPLAl'/t
STD LONGI CIRCU

4.000 1.500 't 4 .000 .'109E+08 .364F+07

4 .000 1.750 14.000 . 1 60E+ c8 .535E+07
4.000 2.000 14.000 .224€+08 .7 47 ErOT
5 .000 2 .375 .154 .1 67E +05 .558E+04
5.000 2.375 .154 .461E+05 .'154Ei05
5.000 .500 .154 .946E+05 .315E+05
5.000 -625 2.375 .154 . t 65€+06 .551E+05
5.080 -7 50 2.375 .154 .261e+06 .869E+05
5.000 .000 2.375 -154 .535E+06 .176€+06
5 .0c0 .250 2 .375 .15 4 .935E+06 .3',12E+O6
5.000 .5c0 .1 54 .1 4EE+07 .492E+06
5-000 .7 50 2 -375 .15 4 .217 E+ A7 -723E.O6
5.C0C 2.000 z .375 .154 .3c3E+07 .10'18r07
5.000 .250 3.500 .216 .2498 + 05 .830E+C4
5.00c 3.500 .216 .686E+05 .229E +O5
5,000 .500 3.500 .?16 .141E+06 .469Er05
5.000 .6?5 3.500 -2't6 .216E+ A6 .820E+05
5.0c0 .7 50 3 .500 -?16 .386E+06 - 129E+06
1.000 3. 500 .216 .797 E+ 06 .?66a+06
5.000 '| .2 50 3 .500 .216 .139E+07 -464Er46
5.000 1.500 3. 500 .216 .2?OE+07 .7 32E+O6
5 .000 1.750 3 .500 .216 .323E+07 .108E+07
5.000 2. 000 3 .500 -216 .451E+07 .150E+07
5 - 000 .250 4 .500 .329 E 105 .110E+05
5. 000 4.500 -237 .907E+05 - 102€+05
5.000 .500 /..500 .186E+06 .6208+05
5.000 4.500 .237 .325E+06 .108E+06
5 ,000 .7 50 .5r3E+06 .171E+ O 6
5.000 .000 4.500 .237 .105E+07 .351E+06
5.000 /, ,500 .237 .184€+07 .613E+06
5.000 .500 4. 500 .2908+A7 -967E+46
5.000 ,750 4 .500 -237 .427 E+07 .'l42E+O7
5.000 2.000 /..500 .?37 .596t+ 07 - 199E+07
5.000 .250 .280 .500E+05 .1 67 E+A 5
5.0[0 .280 .138E+06 .459E+05
5.000 .500 6 -625 .2t0 .283E+06 .943E+05
5.000 - 625 .2E0 .494E+ A6 .165E+O6
5.000 .7 50 6.625 .280 .7 79 E +a6 .260E +o6
5.000 .000 6.625 .280 .160€+07 .53fE.106
5 .000 .250 6.6?5 .280 .279 E+47 .932E+06
5.000 .500 6.625 .280 .411F + 07 .147E+O7
5.000 .7 50 6.625 .280 .618E+C7 .216E+07
5.000 2. 000 6.625 .2 E0 .905E+07 .3028+O7
5.000 .250 8.625 .322 .6618+ 05 .220E+05
5.000 .3?2 . J82€+06 .607€+05
5.0c0 .500 8.6?5 .322 .37 4Elc6 .125E +o6
5.C00 a -625 .32? .65!t+06 .2188+06
5.000 .322 .'103E+07 .343E+06
5.000 1 .000 I .625 .2't1E| A7 .7058+06
5.000 1.?50 I .625 .322 .369E+ 07 .1? 3E + 07
5.000 'l . 500 8.625 .322 .533E+ 07 .191E+07
5.000 1.75n 8.625 .856E + 07 .285F +07
5.000 2.000 8.625 -322 .'l 20E +0E .399 E+o7
5.000 10.750 .365 .832E+05 .277 E +O5
5.000 10 .750 .?29 E+06 .7 64E+O5
5.000 .500 10 .750 .471E +06 .157E+06
5.000 10.750 .E228+06 .271E+o6
5.000 .? 50 1 0 .750 .130E'07 .4328t06
5.00c 1 .000 10.750 .2 07
66E+ .887€106
5.000 't .2 50 1 0 .750 .4 65E+07 .155E+o7
130 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Conlinued
nOTA SlItr CALCULATIONI cYL- VESSEL

VESSEL VE SSEL 0zztE NOZZLE ROT SII F IiI-18/DEG

OD, FT TCKeIx 0DrIl,l TCXTII{ INPLIN€ OUTPLAI{E
STO LONGI CIRCU

5.000 '1.500 | 0.750 .734E+07 .245E+07

5.000 1.750 I0.750 .108E+08 .359€+07
5.000 2.000 10.750 .151E+C8 .502Er07
5.000 .250 12.750 .100E+06 .333Er05
5.000 12.750 .2?6e+06 .9'l9Er05
5.000 .500 1Z -750 .566Er06 .189Er06
5.000 .625 1?.750 .9e9E+06 .J30Er06
5.000 .750 12.750 .156E+07 .520Er06
5.000 I .000 1?.754 .3208f07 . l07E+07
5.000 1 .250 12.?50 .559E+02 .186e+07
5.000 1 .500 12.750 .8 82 Er 07 .2 94 E+0 7
5.000 1.750 12.750 .130Er08 .4328+Ol
5.000 ?.000 12 -750 .'l8l E + 08 .604Er07
5.000 .250 14.000 . t 11 E+06 .569E+05
5.000 .375 14 -000 .305E +06 .10?E+06
).UOU .500 14.000 .626Er06 .209E+06
5.000 .6?5 14.000 .109E+07 .365E+06
5 .000 .750 '11.000 -1738+07 .575E+06
5.000 1 .000 14.000 -351E+07 .118E+07
5.000 1.250 14.000 .619E+07 .206E+07
5.000 1.t00 14.000 .976E+07 .325E+07
5.000 1 .750 14 -000 . t 44E +0E .478E r07
5.000 2.000 14 -000 .200E108 .668 Ef07
5.000 16.000 - t 288+06 .4?6E+O5
5 .000 .t75 16.000 .352Ef 06 .117E+06
5.000 . 500 16.000 .723E+06 .2 418+06
5.0 00 .625 r6.000 .1268+07 .421E+06
5.000 .t50 16.000 - 199 E+07 .664 E+0 6
5.000 I .000 16 -000 .409 E +07 .1368+07
5.0c0 1.250 1 6.000 .715 € + 07 .2388+O7
5.000 1.500 't 6.000 .113E+0E .376E+O7
5.000 1.750 16.00 0 .166E+ 0E .552ErO7
5.000 2.000 16.000 .231E+08 .771Ero7
.250 't 8.000 .145E+06 .483€+05
5.000 .375 18.000 .399E+06 .133Efo6
5.000 .500 rE.000 .8 20 s+ 06 -273E+06
.625 r8.000 .14tE+07 .4778+D6
5.00 0 . ?50 18.000 .226E+07 .75 3E +0 6
5.000 1.000 t 8.000 .464Er 97 .155E+O7
5.000 1 .250 18.000 .810 E r 07 .278e rO7
5.000 '1.500 1 8.000 .l ?8E+ 08 -426E+O?
5.000 1.750 18.000 .188€+08 .6?6E+O7
5 .000 2.000 18.000 .262E+08 -E75 E+07

6.000 .250 2.375 .154 .l 53E+05 .509€+04

6.000 .375 2.375 -154 .421Er05 .1 40E+05
5.00 0 ?.375 .154 .864Er05 .288E+05
6.00 0 .625 2.t75 .154 .l5lE+06 .503E+05
6.000 .750 2.375 .151 .2388+06 .794E+05
6.000 1.000 2.375 .154 - 4E9E+06 .1638+O6
6.000 1.250 2.375 .154 .854E+06 .285E+06
6.000 I .500 2.375 .154 .'155E{07 .449E+06
6.000 1.750 2.375 -154 .198E+07 .660 E+06
6.000 2.000 ?.375 .154 -276e+07 -9228+gb
6.00 c .250 3.500 .?16 -227E+05 .757Er04
5.500 .216 .626E+05 .209E +05
6.000
6.000 - 500 3.500 .216 .129E+06 -428E+05
6.0 00 .625 3.500 .216 .225E+06 .749€r0 5
6.0 00 .750 5.500 .216 .5 54E+06 .ll6Er06
6.000 'l -000 3.500 .216 -727e+O6 .242E+O6
6.000 1.?50 3.500 -216 .127Er 07 .423E+06
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities tor Cylindrical Vessels 131

Table 6-1
Continued
sTltr CALCULATIONT CYL- VESSEL
ROTA

VESSEL VESSEL NOzZLE NOZ ZLE ROT STIF IN.LB/DEG

OD,FT TC(,II{ OD,IN lCK,It{ INPLAxE 0UTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

6.000 1.500 3.500 .216 .200E{07 -668€+06

6.000 1.750 3.500 -216 .2958+07 .9828+06
6.000 2.000 3 .500 .216 .411E+07 .1378+O7
6.000 4. 500 .237 .3008105 .100Er05
6.000 .37 5 4.500 .82EE+05 .27 6E+O5
6.000 .500 4.500 .?37 . I 70 E+06 .566E+05
6 -000 .625 4.500 .237 .297E+ 06 .989E105
6.000 .750 4 .500 .468E+06 .'l 568+06
6.000 '| .0c0 4.500 .2t7 .961€r06 .320E+06
6.000 1.250 4.500 .237 .168E+07 .5608+06
6.000 1.500 4. 500 .237 .265E+0? .883E+06
6.000 1.?50 4.500 .23? .389E+07 .130E+07
6.000 2 .0c0 4.500 .5 44e r 07 .181E+07
6.00 0 .250 6.625 .280 .4568+05 .152E+05
6.000 .37 5 6.625 .280 .126E+06 .4'19€+05
6.000 .500 6.625 .?80 .2 58 E+ 06 .8608+05
6.000 -oa> 6 .625 ,280 .451E+06 .l 508+06
6.000 .7 50 6.625 .280 .711E+06 .237 E+06
6.000 1.000 6.6?5 . ?80 .146Er07 .487E+06
6.000 1.250 6.625 .2 80 .?558+07 .850€+06
6.00 0 '| . 500 6.625 .280 .402E+07 .131E+07
6.000 1.750 6.625 .280 .5928r47 .197 EaOT
6.0c0 2.000 6.625 .280 .826E+ 07 .27 5E+07
6.000 4.625 .322 . 603 E+05 .201E+05
6.000 8 .625 .322 . 166 E+ 06
6.0c 0 I .6?5 .341E+06 .t14Er06
.).
6.00c .322 .5968r06 .199E+06
6.00 0 .750 .32? .940E+06 .513E+06
6.r100 ,000 8.625 .193E+07 .643E+06
6.000 I .625 .322 -317e+O7 .112E+07
6.000 .500 4.625 .37? .532Er07 .1778+07
6.00 0 a .625 .782E+07 .261E+07
6.000 2 .000 I .625 -322 .1098|08 .364E+ 07
6 .000 .250 10.750 .365 .759E+05 -253€r05
6.0c0 10.75 0 .209E+06 .698E+05
6.000 .500 10.750 .430E+06 .143E+o6
6.000 10.750 .365 .750E+06 .250Er06
6.000 10.750 .36 5 .118E+07 .395Er06
6.000 1 .000 10. 750 .365 .243E+47 .E10Er06
1.250 10.750 .4258+07 .142E+07
6,000 I .500 10.750 .670E+O7 .22i8+07
6.000 1.750 r 0.750 .984E+07 .328E+07
6.000 2.000 10.750 .137E+08 .4588+O7
6.000 .250 1? .750 .913E+05 .304Er05
6.000 1? .7 50 .252E+O6 .839E+05
6.000 .500 12 .750 .517E+06 .172E+06
6.000 .6?5 12.750 .902E+06 .301E106
6.00 0 .?50 1?.750 .375 .142Er07 .47 4E+O6
6.000 1.000 12 -750 .37 5 .292E+07 .97 4E+06
6.000 7.250 12.750 .37 5 .510E{07 .170E+07
6.000 1.500 12.750 .375 .EC5Er07 .2688+O7
6.00 0 'l .750 12.750 .3?5 .1188+08 .f95E+07
6.000 2.000 12 .7 50 .375 . 16 5E +0t .551€+07
6.000 14.000 .101E+06 .33?E+05
6.000 14.000 .279E+06 .928€+05
6.000 .500 14.000 .375 -57?E+06 .191E+06
6.000 .625 14.000 .3?5 .999 E+06 .lf,3Ef06
6.0c0 .7 50 t4-000 .375 .158E+07 .5258+06
6.000 i.000 I 4.000 .315 .323E. 07 .1 08 E+07
6.000 1.250 14.000 .565E+07 .188E+07
6.000 1.500 14.000 .375 .89'l E +07 -297E+O7
 132 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
R0TA STIFF CALCULAII0tI, CYL- vESSEL
v€ssEL VESSEL NOZZLE NOZ ZLE NOT STIf IN.LB/DEG
OD,FI ICX,IN OD,IN T N INPLANE OUIPLAT.IE
CK,I
SID LONGI CIRCU

6.000 1.750 14.000 .375 . 131 Er08 .437E+O7

6.000 2.000 14.000 .1838+08 .610E+07
6.000 .250 16.000 .37 5 . t l7E+06 .389E+05
6.000 .375 16.000 -375 .3228+o6 ,107E+06
6.000 .500 16.000 .6608+06 .220E+O6
6.000 .625 16.000 .l l5E+07 -384E+06
6.00 0 .750 J 6.00 0 .182E+07 .606E+06
6.000 .000 16.000 .375 .373E+07 .'l2 4E+07
6.000 .250 1 6.000 .375 .652E+A7 .217E+O7
6.000 .500 16.000 .375 .103E+08 .343E+07
6.000 1.759 16.000 .375 .1 51 E+08 .504E+07
6.000 2.000 't6.o00 .37 5 .2l l E+08 .7 01E+o7
6.000 .250 18.000 .132E+O6 .44'lE+o5
6.000 . t75 1 8.000 .3658+46 .122E+06
6.000 .500 18.000 .375 .748E +06 .2t19E+06
6.000 .625 18.000 .375 -131E+07 .436€+06
6.0c0 18 .000 .206E+07 .687ErO6
6.000 t .000 18.000 .t7 5 .423E+ A7 .141E+07
I 6.000 1.250 18.000 .375 .7 40t+07 .?47E+O7
I
I
6.000 t. 500 18-000 .1178+08 -3a9E+07
lr 6.000 1.750 18.000 .172E+08 .572c_+O7
6.000 2.000 18.000 .239E+08 .798 E+07
6.000 .250 20.000 .148Er06 .493E+05
6.000 .37 5 20.000 .4088r06 .'136€+05
6.000 .500 20.000 .375 .837E+06 .279E+06
6.000 .625 20.000 .375 .146E+O7 .487E+O6
6.000 .7 50 20.000 .37 5 .231E+07 .769 E+O6
6.000 I .000 20.000 .375 .473E+07 .'t58E+07
6.0 00 1.250 20.000 .375 .827E+07 .2768+47
6.0 00 1.500 20.000 -375 . t 30 E+08 .435E+07
6.000 1.750 ?0.000 . 1 92 E+08 .639E+o7
6.000 2.000 20.000 .375 .2688+08 .893€+0?
6.0c 0 22 .000 . 164E + 06 .545E+05
6.000 .3?5 22.000 .375 .451Er06 . 1 50 E+06
6.0 00 .500 22 .00 0 .925E+06 .308F+06
6.000 .625 22 .000 .162Er07 .519E+06
6.000 .750 22 .000 -37 5 .255E+07 ,850E+06
6.00c I .000 22.000 .375 .523E+ a7 .17 4E+07
6.000 1 .250 22.000 .375 .914E+O7 .305E+07
6.000 1 .500 22 .000 .3? 5 .1448+08 .481E+07
6.000 1 .750 22.000 .375 .212E+08 .797p+O7
6.000 ?.000 22.d00 .375 -?96E+06 .9878+07

7.000 .250 2.375 .154 .141E+05 .471E+04

7.000 .375 2.s75 .'t 54 .390E+05 .130E+05
7.000 .500 2.375 .154 .800El05 .267E+05
7.000 .625 2.375 .15 4 .140E+06 .4 66 E+0 5
7.000 .?50 2.375 .'l56 .220E+O6 .735Ero5
7.000 I .000 .154 .452E+06 .151E+06
7.00 0 1.250 .154 .790E+06 .263E +06
7.0 00 I .5C0 ".375
?.375 .154 .125e+07 .416E+06
7.0 00 1.150 2.375 .154 .183E+07 .611E+o6
7.000 2.000 2.375 .'t54 .256Er07 .E53E+06
7.000 .250 3. 500 .216 .?10E'05 .7018+O 4
7.0 00 .t75 1.500 -216 .580E+05 . 195 E+0 5
7.000 .500 3. 500 .216 .119E+06 .J97E+05
7.000 .625 3.500 -216 .208E+06 .693E+05
7.000 .750 .216 .328E+06 .109 E+06
7.000 1 .000 3. 500 .216 .67 3E 106 .?248+06
7.000 1.250 3.500 .216 .l1EE+07 .39?E+06
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 133

Table 6-1
Continued
R0TA STIFr CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL
vEssEl- VESSEL NOZZLE NOTZLE ROT SII F IN.LB/DE6
OD.Fl lCKrIf{ OD,IN TCKTIN It'lPl-AllE 0UTPLANt
SID LONGI CIRCU

7.000 1 .500 1.500 .216 .186E+07 .618 E r0 6

7-000 1-750 3-500 .216 -909E+06
7.000 2.000 J .500 .381Er07 .1278+O7
7.000 .250 4.500 .237 .278E+05 .927e+04
7.000 .375 4 .500 .766E+05 .255E+05
7.000 .500 4.500 .237 .157E+06 .524E+O5
7.000 .625 4.500 .237 .2758r06 .916E+05
7.000 .7 to 4. 500 .237 .4338+06 .7 41e+O6
7.000 1.000 4.500 .237 .890E+06 .297E+O6
7.OOO 1 .250 4 .500 -217 .1558+07 .518€+06
7.00 0 't .500 4. 500 .237 .245E+07 .817E+06
7.OOO 4.500 .237 .360E+07 .1208+O7
7.000 2.000 4.500 -237 .503E+07 .168E+07
7.000 .250 6 .625 .280 .422t+05 .111E+05
7.00c .375 6.625 .tJ6E+06 .3EE€r05
7.000 .500 6 .625 .2E0 . 239E + 06 .797E+Ot
7 .OOO .625 6.625 .2AO .4188+06 .1f,9 E +06
7.000 .750 6.625 .260 - 659E+06 -220E+O6
7.000 I .000 6 -625 -280 .135E+07 .4 5'l E+06
7.00 0 1.250 6 -625 .2E0 .?36t+07 .78 7E +06
7.000 1 .500 6.625 .280 -3738+07 .124E+07
7.000 1.750 6.625 . ?80 .5 48 E+07 .183E+07
7.000 2.000 .2 80 .7 65E+0? .?55E+ 07
?.000 .?50 8.625 - 5 5E E|05 .1868+05
7.000 .37 5 .154E+D6
7.00 0 .500 I .625 .316E+06 .105E+06
7.000 .625 .322 -552E+06 .184E+06
7.000 .7 50 .322 .870E +06 .290E+06
7.000 I .000 4.625 .322 -179E+07 .596E+06
7.00c 1.250 4.6?5 .3'l2E+ 0? .'l o 4E+o7
7.00 c 1.500 8 .62t .322 .192E+07 .1648+O7
7.00 0 1.750 6 .625 -322 .7 24E+ 07 .241E+Ol
7.000 2.000 4.625 -322 .101E+08 .337E+O7
7.OOC .250 10 .750 .365 .703E+05 -234E+O5
7.00 0 10.750 .56 5 .194E +06 .646E+05
7.000 10.750 .365 .398E+06 .133€+06
7.000 10.750 .695E+06 -232E+06
7.000 10.750 .365 .110Er07 .565E+06
7.000 1.000 10 .7 50 .225E+07 .750E+06
7.000 1.250 t 0.750 .365 .393E+07 .131E+07
7.000 1 .500 10.750 .365 .620E+07 .207E+07
7.00c 1.750 10.750 -36' -911E+07 .3048+07
7.000 2.000 10.750 .365 .1278+08 .424E+07
7.000 12.750 -E458+05 .2828|05
7.000 12.750 -375 .23f,E+06 .777E+O5
7.000 .500 12.750 .4 78€ r06 -159 ErO6
7.00 0 -625 1? -750 .E35E+06 .27aE+Q6
7.000 .7 50 12.750 .37 5 .13?ErO7 .439E +06
7.0c0 1.000 12.750 .t75 .271E+07 .902E+06
7.000 1.250 12.750 -37' .4738+07 .'l 58 E+0 7
7.000 I .5C0 12.750 -5at .7 45E+07 -24EE+O7
7.000 1.750 12.750 .37 5 .l'l0E+08 .365E+07
7.000 2 .000 12.750 .1 53E+0E .510ErO7
7.000 .25D J4.000 - 936E+05 .312E+05
7.000 14.000 .375 .752e +06 .859E{05
7.00 0 . 500 '14.000 .375 .529E+06 .17 6E+06
7 .OOA .6?5 14.000 .9 25E+06 .30EE+06
7.000 .? 50 14.000 .375 .146E+07 .4E68r06
7.O0tJ I .000 14.000 .2998 rAl .998E+06
7.000 1.250 14.000 .375 .SZ3E+Oz .17 4E+O7
7.000 1.500 14.000 .375 .825E+07 .275e+07
 134 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA SIIFF CALCULtII0NT CYL. VESSEL
VESSEL VESSEL NOZZ L E ZLE ROT STtF IiI.LB/D€G
NOZ
OD, FT TCKTII{ OD'IN N INPLANE OUTPLANE
ICKTI
STD LONGI CIRCU

7.00 0 1.759 14 -000 .f218.08 .404E +O7

7.000 2.000 14.000 -375 . t 69E+ 0E .565E}07
7.0 00 .250 16.000 .375 ,loEE+06 .360Ef05
7.000 .375 16.000 .375 .298E+06 .992E+O5
7.000 .5rr0 16.000 .611 E+06 .204€+06
7.000 .625 16.000 .107Er07 .3568rO6
7.00q .750 16.000 .375 .168E+07 .561E+06
7.000 I .000 16.0c0 .375 .346E+07 .l l5E+07
7.00 0 1.250 16.000 .604Er07 .2018+07
?.000 I . 500 16.000 .9538+07 .318E+07
7.00 0 1.750 16.000 .375 .140€+08 .467E+O7
7.000 2.000 16.000 .1968+08 .652e+07
7.00 0 .250 1E.000 .375 .I 22 E+06 .408 E+05
7.000 .375 18.000 .375 .338 E+06 .113E+06
7.000 .500 18.000 .693E+06 .23'l E+O 6
7.0 00 .625 18.000 .375 .121E+ 07 .4038+06
7.000 .750 18.000 .191Er07 .636E+06
?.000 1.000 '18.000 .392E+07 .131E+07
7.000 1.250 18.000 .375 .685E+07 .226E+07
7 -DOO 1.500 18.000 .1 C8 E+0E .360E+0 7
7.000 1.750 1E.000 .375 . 1 59E+ 0E -529E+Oz
i 7.000 2.000 18.000 .375 .222E+08 .739ErO7
7.000 .250 20.000 .375 .1378+06 .457E+05
7.000 .375 20.000 .377E+06 .126E+O6
7-000 . 500 20.000 .375 .775E+06 .258E+06
7.000 .625 20.000 .375 .135E+07 .451E+06
7.000 .750 20.000 .2138+07 .71?Ero6
7.000 1.000 ?0 -000 .436E+07 .146E+07
7.000 I .250 20.000 .37 5 .7 66a+07 .255E+O7
7.000 1.500 20.000 .37 5 . 121E+08 .4038+07
7.000 1.750 20.000 .3?5 .178E+08 .5928r07
7.000 2.000 20.000 .37 5 .248E+08 .626Er07
7.000 .250 22.000 .375 .151E+06 .5058+05
7.000 .375 22.000 .417 E+06 . 139 E'06
7.000 .500 22 -OOO .375 .857€+06 .266Er06
7.00 0 .6?5 22.000 .150E+07 .499E+06
7.00 0 .750 22.000 .37 5 .236E +07 .787E+O6
7.000 't .000 22.000 .s75 .485€+07 .16?E+a7
7.000 1.250 22 -OOO .847E+07 .?82ErO7
7.000 1.500 22.000 .134E+0E .445E+O7
7.0c0 1 .750 22.OOO .37 5 .'l96E+08 .654E+07
7.000 2.000 2?.ogo .27 4erOE .914E+07
7.000 .250 24-000 .166E+06 .5 53E+0 5
7.0c0 .375 24.000 .375 .4578+06 .152E+06
7.000 .500 24.000 .938E+06 .313E+06
7.0 00 .625 24.000 .37 5 .1 648 + A7 .546E+06
7 .OOO .750 24.OOO .259E+07 .862E+06
7.000 1.000 24.000 .375 .531E+07 .177E+O7
7.000 1 .250 24.OOO -375 .9?7E+07 .309 E +0 7
7.000 1 .500 24.000 -375 .1 46Er08 .488 E +0 7
7.000 1.75A 24.800 .3 75 -2 | 5E+08 .717E+07
7.00 0 2.000 24.000 -37 5 .3 00E +08 .100€+08
7.000 .250 26.000 .37 5 .180Ei06 .60',|Ef 05
7.000 .375 26.000 .375 .497ErO6 .l 66Er0 6
7.000 .500 26 -OOO .375 .lcz€.07 .340E+06
7.000 .625 26.000 .375 .17EE+07 .594E+06
7.000 .750 26.000 .375 .28'lEr07 .9378 +06
7.00c r.000 26,000 .375 .577E+07 .192E+07
7.000 1 .250 26.000 .375 .101 E+0E .336€+0 7
7.000 1.500 26.000 .'159E+08 .530Er07
7.0c0 1.750 26.000 .375 .2 348 | 08 .779E+O7
7.000 2.000 26.000 -375 .3?7er08 .109E+08
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 135

Table 6-1
Coniinued
R0TA STIFf CALCULAII0N, CYL. V€SSEL
VESSEL VESS€L NOzZL€ ZLE ROT STI f IN.LB/DEG
NOZ
OD,FT ICK,IN OO,IN N INPLANE OUTPLANE
rCK,I
STD LONCI CIRCU

E -00tJ ?.375 -154 . 132 €+0 5 .441E+04

8.000 .375 2.375 .1 54 .364€i05 -121ErO5
8 .000 .500 .'154 .718E105 .2 49 E +O5
8.0c c .l54 .',l31€+06 .436E+05
E.0c0 .7 50 2 .375 -151 .2A6E+06 .687E+O5
6.000 1 .000 2 -375 -154 .423E+06 .1418+06
E.0c0 1.250 2.3?5 .154 .7-19 E +06 .2{,68+O6
E.000 1.500 2.375 .154 .117E+47 .389 E +06
E.00 0 1-750 2 .375 -154 .171E+ol .57?E+O6
E.000 2. 000 2.375 .154 .239E+O7 .7988+06
.250 3.500 .216 .197 t+Os ,656E+O4
E.000 .37 5 3 .500 -2'.t6 .5 4ZE+05 .181F+05
8.000 .500 3 .500 .216 .1118+06 .371E+05
6.000 .625 3.500 -216 .194F+06 .6488+05
E.000 .7 50 3. 500 .216 .307Er06 .102Er06
8 .000 1 .000 3.500 .z',t6 .6 30€ +06 .210Er06
8.000 'l -250 3. 500 .216 .1108+07 .367E+O6 l:
E.0c0 't .500 3 .500 .?16 -17 4E+07 .578E+06
E.000 1.750 3.500 .2'16 .255E+ol .8508+06
8.000 2.000 3. 500 -2't6 .356t+07 .119€+07 \
6.000 -250 4.500 .237 .260 E+ 0 5 .8678+04 (
[.0c0 4.500 .?37 .717E+05 .239E+05
8.0c c .500 4.500 .237 .117E+O6 .490E+05 i
8.000 .625 4.500 -237 -?57 E+C6 .857E+05 (
8.000 .750 4 .500 -237 .4058 +06 .135E+06
E.000 I .000 4.500 .237 .832E+06 .27 7 E+O6 L

6.000 1.250 4.500 .23? ,1158+07 .4858+06

8.000 1.500 4 .500 .?37 -2?9E.07 .7 64E+O6
8.000 /.. 500 .237 .3378+07 .112E+07
8.000 ? .000 4 .500 .237 .4?18+07 ..|.57 E+ 07
8.000 6.625 .280 .195F+A5 .132€+05
8.0c0 6.625 .280 .109E+06 .363E+05
8 .000 .500 6.625 .280 .?24E+46 .745E+05
6,625 .280 . 391 E+ 06 .130E+06
E.000 .7 50 6.625 .2 80 .6r6E+06 .2058+06
8.000 1 .000 .280 .126E+07 .422E+06
E.000 1.250 6.625 .280 .221E+ 07 .7368+O6
8.000 1.500 6 .6?5 .280 .349E+O7 .116E+O7
8.000 1.750 6.625 .280 .5'12E+O7 -'171 E+ 4 7

8.CCC 2-AAO tt.625 .280 .715E +O7 .238Ef07

8.000 .2 50 8 -6?5 .322 .5228+05 -17 4E+05
3.000 8.625 .322 .144E+46 -480E+05
8.000 .500 -322 .29 5 E f06 .9858+05
6.000 8 .625 .32? .516Er06 .17?E+46
8,000 .750 8.625 .322 .e14E+06 .271E+06
8.000 I .000 8.625 -3?Z .1 67 E +O7 .557 E+O6
t.000 1.?50 8.625 -322 .292E+47 .973E+06
8.000 1 .500 .322 .4618+O7 .1548 +O7
8.000 1.750 I .625 .322 - 677E+07 .2268+07
6.000 2.000 8.625 .3?? .9 45E+07 .315E+07
1i .00c 10 . 750 .365 .658€+05 .219 E+45
8 .000 10 . 750 .365 .181E+06 .6048+05
8.00c .500 10 .75 0 .365 .37?E+06 _124ErO6
3.000 .625 't0. 750 .365 .650E+06 .217E+o6
E .000 .7 50 1 0 .750 .365 .',l03E+07 .3 42E+O6
E .000 .000
'I 10.750 .365 .2108+ 07 .701E+06
8.000 1.?50 '10.750 .365 . 3 68 E+ 07 .1?3E+o7
E.0c0 't . 500 10 .750 .36, .580 €+07 .193E+07
8.CC0 10-750 .365 .853E+07 .284E+17
E.000 2. 000 't 0 .750 .365 .1198+08 .397 e+O7
6.000 .250 12.75t) -3?5 -791E+05 .2 64e+ 0 5
8.000 12,750 .375 .216E+06 -726E+OS
136 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIFF CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL 0zzL€ NOZZLE ROT STI F It.I.LB/DEG

OD,FT ICK,'N OD,III TCK,IN INPLANE OUTPLANE
STO LONGI CIRCU

8.00 0 .500 1?.750 .4 47E+06 .149E+06

8 .000 12.750 .731r+06 .260E+06
8.000 .7 50 12 .750 .123E+ A7 .4'l1E+O 6
8.000 I .000 12.750 .253E+07 .E44E+06
8.000 1.250 12.750 .4128+07 .117E+O7
8.00 0 1.500 12.750 .697 E+ oz .232E+O7
8-0cc 12.750 .'l0f €r08 .342E+O7
3.000 2 .000 't2.750 -143E+08 .47 7 a +o7
8.000 .2 50 I 4.000 -375 .875€+05 .292E+05
8.000 I 4.000 .241E+ 06 .804€+05
8.000 11 .000 .495€.06 .1658+06
E.000 14 .000 .E65E+06 .288a+06
8.000 .7 50 '|4.000 .'136E+07 .455F+06
6.000 t .000 1 4.000 .375 .230E+07 .934E+06
E.000 1-?54 1 4.000 .489E+07 -163E+O7
8.0c0 'I .500 14.000 .7 72E+ 07 .257 E+O7
6 .00c 1.750 1 4 .000 .375 .113F+08 .378E+07
6.000 2.000 14 .000 .15EE +08 .5?8E+o7
E.000 .250 1 6.000 .1018+06 .337Ef05
t,000 1 6.000 .27EF+06 .9?8E+05
8.000 .500 16.000 .572E+O6 .t91E+06
E .000 .625 1 6.000 .375 .999 r+06 .333E+06
8.000 .75A 16.000 .1588+07 .525Er06
8.000 I .000 16.000 .323Er07 .1088r07
8.00 0 1.25O 1 6.000 .565E+07 .188E+07
8.000 1 .500 16.000 .891E+07 .297E+07
E.000 1 .75A 16.000 .131E.C8 .437E+C7
8.000 2.000 16.000 ,163E+08 ,610E+07
8.000 .250 18.000 .375 .1 15E+06 .382E+05
E.000 I E. 000 .316E+06 .1058+06
8.000 .500 1E .000 .64tE+06 .216E+06
8.000 .625 1 6 .000 .113E+07 .377E+06
5.0 00 .7 5A 1 6.000 .1?9E] 07 .595E+06
E.C00 1.000 18.800 .367E+d7 .122E+O7
3 .000 1 .250 't E.000 .641E+ 07 .214E+O7
E.0c0 1.500 1 E .000 .375 .101E+08 .337E+07
8.000 1.7 18.000 .'149Er08 -495E+07
6.000 'ti
2. 0c0 I 8 .000 .375 .207E+08 .691 E! 07
8.000 20.000 -375 .1288+06 .427E+05
8.000 20.000 .355E+06 .118E+06
8.000 20.000 .725E+ 06 .Z 4ZE+O6
8 .000 .625 20 .000 .127E+O? .122E.O6
8.000 2 0.000 .375 .200E+o7 ,6668+06
E.0c0 1 .000 20 .000 .315 .410E+07 .137E107
8.000 1.250 20.000 .7',16E +07 .239E +O7
8.000 I .500 20.000 .1'13E+08 .377E+07
6 .000 1.750 20.000 .166E+0E .55 4E+07
I .000 2.000 20.000 .212E+0E .7738+O7
E.000 22 .OOO .112E+06 .472E+O5
E.C00 22.000 .390E+06 .130E.06
8 .0c0 ,500 2? .OOO .E0'l E+06 .267E+O6
E.000 22 .O00 .1 40E+07 .467E+O6
E.000 . ?50 22.000 ,2218 + A7 .736E+O6
E.000 1 .000 22.000 .5f> .453E+07 .15'lE+07
8.000 1.250 22.000 .79?E+07 .264Er47
E.000 1 .500 22.000 .1 25€+0E -4'16E+07
E.000 1 .750 22 .OOO .184E108 .6128+O7
6.000 2.0 00 22.000 .37 5 .256E+0E .855E+07
6.000 .250 24.000 .155€+06 .517E+05
6.000 .375 24.000 .428€+06 .143E+06
8.000 .500 24 .000 .8 7EE o6 .293Er06
'
 !
Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities lor
Cylindrical Vessels 137

Table 6-1
Continued

ROTI STITF CALGULATI0N' CYL'

VESSEL

NOZZLE ROT STI F ItI'LB/DEG.,

:::?i' Y:l:ih i8:ii' iii;io lii:l-' 3!l:i^*'

8.000 24.000 'i;i +07

--istz'oz
-212F .E06E+06
.7 50 24.000 'iti
8 .000
8.000 t .000 24.000
24.000
'-1?i
'i;;
-doee*oz ' 166E+o
.2q?!.91
7

8 .000 1.250 . t:zt* oc

8.000 1.500 24 -000
24.000
'-1;t .zott+oa -456E+o7
'9!1,t-'9!
8.000 1.?50 .23'1E+0E 'Yl!:':'
8.0c0 2.000 24.000 -375
'izi 1695+06
26.000 'i;; - '5 621+o5
8.000 { 06
- 465€ .155€+06
E.000 26.000 '1;a 954g+06 '3'l8Eio6
8.000 .500 26 .00 0
26.0c0
'.1it 167E'07 '119!'96
.000 .625 ' :.. t A\F +o7 .E778+06
8
8.000 .7 50 26.000 'it'. liioE'oz
8.000 .0c0 26.000 '.1?; i a31+ o7 '180E+67
-
'3\tq-+o^!
E.000 .2 50 26.000 0E '1:9'-:Y'
8 -000 .500 26.000 -375 .'l1et
'-.ii -2196+08
+

'7298+o7
8.000 .7 50 26.000 ':'-i an<r+nP .102F+08
8.000
8.000
2 .000
-250
26.000
28 .000 :i+;
'\zi :i;i;-o;
5ozF{06
.991!:95
167F +06
o7 '.314E+o6
-
8.000 28.000 'iii 163 6+
8.000 .500 28 - 000 'i.;i .taOr*oz .600F+06
8.CC0 .625 28.000 'i;4 -28|E+oz '9 47 E+06
8.000 .750 28.000 'i|i .igre. oz '1918+G7
6 .000 1.000 28.000 '-i?t . i ozr.oa
8.000 1 .250 28.000 'i;i '340F+07
.1615+08 '5368+07
8.000 1.500 28.000 'iri, .2 36g+oE .788E+07
8.000 1.75u 28.000 '.ir; .!366+oa '119:lo8
8 .000 2.000 28 .000 ';;< - 196E +06 '653F+05
6 .000 30 .00 0 'i;. sloE+c6 '180E+06
8.000 30.000 '|;i -ittt'oz
--1s4E+o7 -l6eE+06
8 .000 - 500 30.000 '.3;; '9!28-+D6 l,
I .000 30.c00 'i;. 3o5E+o? '102E+07
8.000 .750 30.0c0
30.000
'-i?; -.iriE+07 '!9:!*07
I .000
8
8.000
.000
1.250 30.000 .1i; 16e5+08
'.;;;'17r8+08'1.6.1'.07 '1!5.1-.ol
30-000 'i;i
' z:le + o8
8.000 1.500
8.000 1.150 30.000 '-i?t 'i545+08 '8168+o7
2. 000 30.000 '118E+08
8.00 0

1at
'-a;i -'l25t+05 '416€+04
9.000 314t+ 05 ' 1 'l 5 +o sE

9.O00
.t00 2.175 ;;;
'-;;i io5r+05 '235E+os5
9 .000
9.000 .625 2.375 '.4;i :123E.06
''le4E+06 ' 411E+o
'-;ti
9.000
9.000
9 .000
1
1
.7 50
.000
.250
?.375
2 -375
'.::: -lziiili '6488+c5
-3eeE+o6 '111!'06
'.1":,i::"2
9.000 'r.500 2.375 ':l; ' i ))i .53eF+06
9.000 1.750 2.375 ':l', 'iz
' )Jli,iz -t5zE+o6
9.000 2.000 2.375 ';'.; aii '618E+o/'
'.i;i :5118 'os
3.500 -r
9.000 .2 50
3.500 - os '170E+05
+
9.000
.500 3 .500 rni
'.tiz -105E.06 .35oEro5
9.000
3'500 - 1E3F+06 '91.1E-+o5
9.000
.7 50 3.500 rie
'r;A -289F+06 '964E+05
9.000 -594E+06 .198E+06
9.000 1.O00 1.500
3.500
'.ia;
';;; 16r,E+07 '119I'06
9.000 1.250
3.500 ';;; - 164E + 07 ' 51'55+06
9 .000 1.500 .? L1E+o? .8 0 2 +06 F

9.J00 1.750 3 .500 '-i;; 3362+a? |z-tE+oL

't15E+05 +oz
9.000 2 .000 3.500 "r;i "t
9.000 .250 4 .500 '.i;? '4768
+05 'E't7
'225F
+o5
9.000 4.500
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
R0lA SllFr CALCULATI0NT CYL. V€SSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZL€ NO?ZLE ROT STIf IN.LB/DEG

OD,IT TCK,IN 0DrIN TCK,IN INPLANE OUTPLAI{E
slD Lol,Gl CIRCU

9.000 .500 4.500 .237 . '1 39 Er 06 .462e+o,

9.000 .625 4. 500 -237 -2 42e+06 .808 E+05
9.000 .750 4 .500 .237 .382Er06 .1?7E+O6
9.000 I .000 4.500 .237 .785E+06 .262E+O6
9.000 1.250 4.500 .237 .137E+O7 .457E+O6
9.000 'l .500 4.500 .237 .216e+07 .7218+O6
9.000 ,.. 500 -237 .318E+07 -1O6E+O7
9.000 ?.000 4. 500 .237 .444E+07 .148E+07
9.000 .250 6.625 .2E0 .373E+05 .121ErO5
9.000 .375 6.625 -103€+06 .3 4?E +0 5
9.000 .500 6.62 5 .2E0 .?118+06 .703€i05
9 .000 6.625 .2E0 .3688+C6 .123E+06
9.000 .7 50 5.625 .280 .58'l E+06 .194E+06
9.000 1.000 6 -625 .?80 .1198+07 .f,97E|06
9.000 I .250 6 -625 .2 80 .208€+07 -694E.06
9.000 I .500 6 -625 .280 .329F+07 .t10E+07
9.000 1.750 6.625 .433E+07 .161t+07
9.000 2.000 6.625 .280 .67 4E. 07 .?25E+07
9.000 .?50 8.625 -322 .492E+05 .164E+05
9.000 .375 8.625 .32? .136E+06 .452ErO5
9.000 4.625 .3ZZ .279E+06 .92E E+0 5
9.000 .625 I .625 .322 .437Fr06 -162E+O6
9.000 .750 I .625 .3?2 .?68Ef06 .256E+06
9.000 .000 8.625 .322 .158E+07 .525Er06
9.0 00 .250 6.OZ) .3?2 .275E+87 .918E+06
9.000 .500 6 .62> .322 -4348.07 .145E+07
9.000 . 750 8 .625 .6388+07 .2138+O7
9.000 2.000 8.625 .322 .691E+07 .297E+07
9.000 10.750 .620€+05 .207E+O5
9.000 10.750 .17'l E+ 06 - 5 70E+0 5
9.000 .500 10.750 .365 .351E+06 -117 E+O 6
9.000 .625 10 .750 .365 .613E+06 .204E+06
9.000 .750 10.750 .365 .967Er06 -322E+O6
9.000 I .000 10.750 .'198Er07 .661E106
9.000 1.250 r 0.750 .56 5 .3 478+07 .116E+07
9.000 '| .500 10.750 .5478+07 .1E2Er07
9.000 1.759 10.750 .365 .804E+07 .2688+C7
9.000 2.000 10. 750 .365 .1'l2Er08 .374E+07
9.000 .250 12.750 .746E+05 .249E+05
9.000 .375 12.750 .37 5 .205E+06 ,685E'05
9.000 .500 12.750 .375 .422Er06 -141E+06
9.000 .625 12.750 -375 .737E+06 .246E+06
9.000 .750 12.750 .37 5 -116E+07 .387Er06
9.000 I .000 12.750 .375 .239E+07 .795E+O6
9.000 1.250 12 .750 .175 .417 E+07 -'t 39 E+O7
9.000 1 ,500 12.75D .375 .657a+ A7 .219E+07
9.000 t .750 .9 6?E+07 .322E+ol
9.000 2. 000 '12.750 .37 5 .135E+08 .450E+07
9.000 .250 14.000 .37 5 .825E+C5 .275Er05
9.000 '| 4.000 -375 .227E+06 .758 E+05
9.000 .500 'r 4.000 .4 67 E+ 06 - 156E+06
9.000 .625 14.000 .3? 5 .815E+06 .272E+O6
9.00c .75C 't 4,000 -375 .129 E+07 .429E+O6
9.000 .000 14.000 .375 .264E+07 .880 E +06
9.000 .250 14 .000 .37 5 .4618+07 .154E+O?
9.000 .500 14.000 .728E107 -243E+o?
9.000 .750 I 4.000 .37 5 .107E+08 .357E+0?
9.000 2.000 't4.000 .375 .1 49€+ 08 .498€+07
9.000 .250 16.000 .375 .953Er05 .5 '13 g r05
9.000 .375 16.000 .263E+ 06 .875E+05
9.000 .5 00 16.000 .375 .539 E+06 .lE0Ero6
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 139

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA SIIFF CALCULATION' CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZILE NOZZLE ROT STIF IN'LB/OE6

OD,FT ;;i;;N oo,rH TcK,IN TNPLANE oUTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

9.0c0 .625 1 6, 000 .375 ,941E+06 .3148+06

9 .000 .750 16.000 .375 .149Fr07 .495E+06
9.0c0 1 .000 16.000 .375 .305 E+07 .'l02Er07
78€ +07
9.00 0 16 .000 .375 .533E+07 . 1

9.000 1.500 16 - 000 .375 .840E)07 -280E+0?

9.000 1.750 16.000 .375 . 1 24 E+ 08 .412E+O?
9.000 2 .000 16.000 .375 .172E+08 .5'58+07
9.000 .250 1 E. 000 .375 .108E+06 .3,,0E+05
9.000 18.000 .375 .2988+06 .9928+05
9.000 .500 t8.000 .3?5 .6118f06 .2L 4E +46
9.000 .625 18.000 .3?5 .1O7E+O7 .3568f06
9.000 .7 50 18.000 .3tS .168E+02 .561 E+06
9.000 .000 18 .000 .3?5 .346Er07 - 11 5 E+Ol
9 .0c0 .25D '1E .00 0 .375 .604E +O7 .201F+O7
9 .000 .500 1 8.000 .3?5 .953E+O7 .318E107
9.000 -750 '| 8.000 .3?5 .',|40E +08 .467E+07
9.000 ?. 000 18 .000 .375 .196E+08 .652E+07
9.000 .250 20.0c0 -375 . 121 E+06 .403E+0t
9.0c0 20.000 .375 .53fE+06 .1118+06
9.000 .500 20.000 .375 .683E+06 .228E +o 6
9.00 0 20.000 -3?5 .119E+07 .3988}C6
9.000 20.000 .375 .188 € + 07 .628E+06
9 .000 1 .000 20.000 .375 .3FZa+O7 .129E+07
9.000 .2 50
't 20.000 .3?5 .675E+07 .2258+07
9.000 1.5C0 20.000 .375 .1078+0E .355E+07
9 .000 1.750 20.000 .375 .157E+oE .5??E+a7
9.000 2 .000 20.000 _37, .219 Er 08 .7 29 E+A7
9 .000 .?50 22 .000 .375 .1J4 €+06 .445C+05
9 .000 22.000 .375 .368E+06 .123E+06
9.000 .500 22 .OOO .375 .755€106 .252E+06
9.000 .6?5 22 .00 0 .3?5 -132t +o7 -440E+06 l,
9.000 .7 50 2 2 .000 .375 .208E+07 .694E+06
9 .060 I .000 22.000 .3?5 - 427 6+O7 .14?E+ 07
9.000 1.250 2? .OOO .3?5 -7 47E+07 .?49E+07
9.000 1.500 22.000 .375 .,'166+06 -J93E+07
9 .000 1.750 ?2 .OOO .375 .173E+08 .577 E+O7
9 .000 2.000 22.000 .3?5 .2129+oE .806E+07
9 -0 00 .?50 24 -000 _375 .1A6t+46 .488E+05
9.000 21-OOO -37, .4639+06 .134E+06
rO6
9.000 .500 24.000 .375 .EZ8E+06 .27 6E

9.000 .625 24-000 .3?5 -1458+ 07 .482ErC6

9.000 24.000 .375 .228E+07 .760E+06
9.000 1.000 24.AOO .375 .468E+07 - 15 a,E+07
9.000 1.?50 24.000 .375 .8 18 E + 07 -273E+O7
9-0c0 t.500 24.000 .375 .129Er08 .430E+07
9.000 1.750 24.000 .3?5 .1908+0E -632E+o7
9.000 2 .000 24.000 .375 .265E +08 .883E+07
9.000 .250 26.000 .375 .1 59E+06 .530E+05
9.000 .375 26.000 .375 .438E+06 .'116E+06
9.000 .500 26.000 .375 .900 E+ 06 .300E+06
9.000 .625 26.000 .375 .'l57 E+O7 .521E+06
9.000 .?50 26.000 .375 .2 482+07 .827E+O6
9.000 r .000 ?6.000 .375 .5098r07 .17oE+ol
9.000 1.250 26,000 -375 .889E107 .296e+o7
.468Ei07
9 .000 1.500 26.000 -375 - ',149E+08
9.000 1-750 26.000 .375 .206E+08 .68?E+07
9 .000 2.000 26 - 000 .375 .288E+08 .960E{07
9 .000 .250 26 .00 0 -3?5 .172E+o6 .573Er05
9.000 28.000 .375 .4718+ C6 .1588i06
9.000 .500 2E .000 -375 .972E+ 06 .32 4E+o6
9.000 .625 28.000 .375 .170E +O7 -566E+06
140 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIFT CALCULATION, CYL. VE SS EL

VESSEL EL
VESS NOZZLE NOZ ZLE ROT STI F It{.LB/DEG
OD,FI TCK,IiI OD,IN TCK,IN INPLANE OUIPLANE
STD LON 6I CIRCU

9.000 28.000 .375 - 268 E +07 .E93E+06

9.000 1.000 ?E.000 .375 .550E+07 .183€+07
9.0c0 1.2rO 2E.000 .9 61e+07 .320E+07
9.000 ?E.000 .t75 - 1 52Er08 .5058i07
9.000 1.750 28.C00 .375 .2 23E +08 .7 438+O7
9.000 2. 000 28.000 .37 5 -31tE+0E .1048+0E
9 .000 .250 30.000 .375 .185f+06 .6158+05
9.000 30.000 .375 .509E+06 .1 708+06
9.000 .500 30.000 .104E+07 +06
- 348 f
9.000 .625 30.000 .182Ei07 .608 Er06
9.000 30.000 .268€+07 .959Er06
9.000 I .000 30.000 -375 .591E+07 .197E+O7
9.000 1.250 30.000 .375 .103E+0E .344ErO7
9.000 1 .500 30 .000 .375 .163E +08 .543E+07
9.000 1.750 30.000 .375 .239E+08 .7988+07
9.000 2.000 30.000 .334E+06 .1 'l I E+08
9 .000 .250 5 2.000 .375 .197E+06 .658Er05
9.000 32.000 .375 .544E+06 .l8J E+06
9.000 .500 52 .000 .375 .1t2E+Oz .372E+O6
9.00 0 .625 52.000 .375 .195E+o7 .650E+06
9.000 .?50 3 2.000 .37 5 .3088+07 .1of,E+07
9.000 t.000 3 ?.000 .375 - 632E+07 .211E+o?
9.000 t.250 52 .000 . 1 10E +08 .3688+07
9.000 1.500 32.000 .3?5 - 174E+ 08 .5808r07
9.000 1.750 32.000 -375 .256€+0E .E538+07
9.000 2.000 52.000 .375 .357E+08 .119Er08

10.000 .250 2.375 .'t 54 .'tt8E+05 .594E+04

r0.000 2.3?5 .1t4 .326E+05 .109 F +0 5
1 0.00 0 . 500 2.375 .154 .669€+05 .2?3e+O5
r0.000 -625 2.375 .754 .117E+06 .390€+05
10.000 -750 2.375 -154 .1848+06 .6158+05
10.000 I .000 2.375 .151 .3?9E+06 -126E+O6
10.000 1.?50 2.375 .154 .661E+06 .2208+06
10 .00 0 I .500 2.375 .154 .104E+07 .348€+06
10.000 1.?50 z .375 .154 .153E+07 .511E+06
10.000 2-000 2.375 -154 "214E+07 .714Ero6
'| 0.000 .250 3.500 .216 .176E+05 .587erO4
't0.000 .37 5 1.500 .216 .485E+05 -162E+05
I 0.000 - 500 3.500 -216 .996E+05 .332E+0 5
10.000 .625 3.500 -216 .17 4E+06 .580E+05
10.000 .750 3.500 .216 .27 4E+ 06 .915€+05
10.000 I - 000 .216 .563E+06 .18EE+06
10.000 I .250 3 -500 .?16 - 9 84 E+06 -328E+06
'10.000 1 .500 3.500 .216 .155E+ O? .517Ei06
10.000 1 .750 5.500 .z',t6 .2?88+o7 .7618+O6
10.000 2. 000 3.500 .216 .319e+ 07 .106E+07
10.000 .250 4.500 .?37 .2338+05 -775E+O4
10.000 4.500 .237 .6418+05 .2148+Os
10.000 .500 4. 500 .132E+06 .439E+05
10 .00 0 .625 4.500 .?37 .230E+06 .766ErO5
10.000 .750 4.500 .237 .363€+06 .121E+06
10 .000 1.000 4.500 -237 .714E+06 -2488+06
10.000 1 .250 4.500 .237 .130€+07 .433Fr06
10.000 4.500 .237 -205E+07 -684E+06
10.000 1.750 4. 500 -237 .302E+07 .'101 E+07
10.000 2.000 4.500 -237 .42'lE+07 .140ErO7
10.000 .250 6.625 .2E0 .35fE+05 .1'l8E+05
10.000 6.625 .280 .97 4E+05 .325E+05
10.000 .500 6.625 .280 .2C0 E+ 06 .667Eros
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 141

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STTFF CALCULATION' CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESS€L NOZZLE NOZTL€ RO] STIT IN'LB/D€G

OD,FT i;i;iN 0D,rN TCKu IN TNPLATJE oUIPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

'l 0.000 6.625 .280 .319 E. 06 .116E+O6

1 0 .000 .7 50 6 .6?5 .2 80 .551E+06 .184E+06
10. 00 0 .000 6.625 .280 .113E+al .377 E+06
10.000 .2 50 6.625 .280 .198E+02 .659E+06
10.000 .500 6.625 .280 -312E+a7 .104E+07
10.000 1.750 6.625 .280 .458E+07 .153E+o7
10 .0 0c 2 .000 6.6?5 ,280 .6408+07 .213E+47
10.000 .2 50 I .625 .3zz .467E+05 .156E +05
'| 0.000 I .625 -322 .129E+06 .429E+05
10-600 .500 8.625 .32? .264E+ a6 -EE'l€+05
'10.000 8.625 -t?? .46?E+06 .'154€.06
10.0c0 .7 50 a .6?5 .322 .7 zEE+ 06 .243E+O6
10.000 .000 a .625 -32? - 1198+07 .498€+06
10.000 ,250 a.625 -32? .261E +D7 .870E+06
I
10.000 .500 8 .625 .3?2 .112E107 .'t 37 E+47
't 0 .000 .750 a - 625 .322 .606E+ 07 .2629+O7
't 0.00 0 2 .000 I .625 .322 .846€+07 .282E+07
10.000 .2 50 10 .750 .365 .538E+05 .1968+05
't 0.000 10.750 -565 .162Et06 .540€+05
.1'lIE+06
I
1u.0 0 0 .500 10.750 -365 .533F+06
10.000 10.750 .365 .5818+06 .194€+06
10.000 .7 50 10 .7 50 -365 .917 E+ 06 .306E+ 0 6
10.000 1 .000 10.750 .365 .'l88€+07 .62ZE+O6
1 0.0 00 1 .250 10.750 .365 -329E+07 .11OE+07
'10.000 1 .500 10 .750 .355 -519E +O7 .173E+Oi
1 0.00 0 1.?50 'ro.750 .365 -7 63E+O7 .254E+07
10.00 0 2.000 l0 . 750 .365 . ',l06E+08 .355E +47
10.00 0 .250 1Z -750 .t75 .707E+0, .2368+O5
1 0.00 0 .37 5 '12 ,7 50 .375 .l95E+06 .650E+05
10.000 .500 1Z .750 .375 .400E+06 .l33E+06
10.0c0 .625 12 .7 50 .375 .699 €+ 06 .233E+06 -l
1C.000 .7 50 12.750 .375 .1,t 08+02 .368E106
10.000 t .000 '12.750 .375 .2?68.07 .754E+06
'10.0c0 1.250 12.750 .375 .395E+07 .132E+A7
10-000 1 .500 12.750 -375 .6?48+07 -20EE+o7
1 0.000 1-750 1Z -7 50 -375 .917E+07 -306E+07
10-000 2.000 12 -750 .375 .128E+0E .427E+07
10.000 .250 1 4 .000 .375 .7E3€+05 .261F+05
10.000 11, -
.t/,-000
000 .375 .216E+46 .719Er05
10.000 .500 -375 .443E+06 .1488+O6
'10-000 .625 I 4 .000 .375 .774E+06 .2 5E E+0 6
1 ri . ti00 .7 50 14.000 -375 .122E+O7 -407E+06
1 0. 00c '| .000 14 .00c .375 .251E +07 .835E+06
10.000 1.250 14.000 .375 . 4 3EE +07 .j 46E+O7
10.000 1.500 't 4.000 .375 .690E+o7 .23a8+o7
10.000 14.000 .375 .lClE+08 .338E+07
'10 .00 0 2 .000 14.000 .375 .',I12E+0E .4728+07
10.000 .250 16.000 .375 .904E+05 .30 | E+0 5
10.000 16.00u .375 .Z 49 06
E+ -830E+05
10.000 .500 16.000 .375 .5J',l E+06 .120 E+ E 6
10.000 .625 '16-000 -375 .893E+c6 .?9Et+O6
10.000 .7 50 16.000 .3ZS .141E+Ol .470E+06
1 0.000 1 .000 16.000 -375 .2 89E + 07 .964Er06
I 0.000 1,254 16.000 .375 .5ArE+07 .1688+O7
10.cc0 1 .500 16 .000 -375 .797 E+07 .266E+07
'i0.c00 6.000
't .375 .'117E+0E .391E+07
10 .0c 0 2.0c0 1 6.000 .375 .'164E+08 .545E+07
10.c00 .2 50 18.000 .3?5 .102E+06 .31?t+O5
1 0.000 18.000 .375 .ZEZE+46 .911t+O5
1 0 .000 .500 18.000 .375 .5f0E+06 -'l 938 +06
1 0.00 0 1 8.000 .3?5 .1c1.E + A7 .338E+06
 142 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIfF CALCULATION, CYI. VESSEL

VESSEL NOZZLE ROT STI F I{.LB/DEG

TCKrlftl TCK,IN I!IPLAN€ OUTPLAI{E
STD LOIIGI C IRCU

10.000 1E.000 .3 75 - 160E+ 07 -533E+06

10.000 1.000 18.000 .328Er07 .1098+O7
10.000 1.250 t8.000 .573E+07 .191E+O7
10.000 1.500 1E.000 .3?5 .904E+07 .301E+07
10.000 1.750 18 .000 -375 .13fE+08 .413E+07
10.000 2.000 1E.000 .186E+0E .6'l8Ei07
10.000 20.000 .375 .lt5Er06 .382E+05
1 0.000 -375 20.000 .375 .316E+O6 .105Ef06
10.000 .500 ?0.000 .375 .6488+06 ,2168+06
I 0.00 0 -625 20.000 -t75 -11tE+07 .377E+86
10.000 -750 20.000 .375 .179 E+07 - 59 5 €+06
x, 10.000 .000
'l 20.000 .367E+07 .122E+47
10.000 1.250 20.000 .37 5 .641E+o7 .214E+07
'r0.000 1.500 20.000 .37 5 .101E+08 .3378+47
10.000 1.750 20.000 .375 . 149€+0E .4958+07
10.000 2.000 20.000 .375 .247E+06 .691E+O7
I 0.0 00 .250 22 .000 -175 .127 E+ 06 -422E+O5
10.000 .37 5 22 .00 0 .349 E+06 .t t 6E+06
10.000 .500 22.000 .37 5 .7178+O6 .239 E+0 6
'l0.000 .625 ?2.000 .375 .125E 07
+ . 417E +06
I 0.00 0 22 .OOO .37 5 -'l97E +87 .658E+06
I '10.0 0 0 1.000 22.000 .37 5 .405E+07 .135Er07
I 10.000 1.25C 22.000 .3? 5 .708 El07 .236Ef07
10.000 1.500 22.000 .375 .112E+06 .3728rO7
10.000 t .750 22.OOE .375 . 164E'08 -547E+O7
10.000 2 .000 2? .000 .37 5 . ?29E+08 .7 64ErO7
t0.000 .250 24.000 .375 . 1398+C6 .463E+05
10.000 .t75 24 .000 -375 .3838+06 .f288r06
10-000 .500 21.000 .78tE+O6 .262E+O6
I 0.000 .625 24.000 -375 .1378+O7 .457Er06
.l 10.000 .?59 24 .AOO .375 .216E+07 .721E+96
I 0.000 I .000 24 .000 .375 .441E+07 .148E+07
10.000 1.250 24.000 .375 .776E+O? .259e+O7
't0.000 I .500 24 .000 -122E+08 .408Er07
10.000 1.750 24.000 .375 .180E+08 .600E +07
10.000 2.000 24 .000 .375 .2 5l E +08 .8388+07
10.000 26.000 . 15'l E+06 .503€r05
10.000 .375 26.000 .416€+06 .139E+06
10. c00 .500 26.000 .375 .854Ff06 .?85E+06
'10.000 .625 26.000 .37 5 .149Et07 .497E+O6
0.000
'| .750 z 6.00 0 .375 .235E+07 .784E+06
10.000 1 .000 26 -000 -375 .483Ef07 . l6'l E+0 7
10.000 1.250 26.000 .8448i07 .281E+O7
10.000 1.500 2 6.00 0 .375 .133E|08 .141ErO7
t 0 -000 1.750 2 6.00 0 .375 .196E+08 .652E+07
10.000 2.000 26.000 .t75 .273€+08 .911E+07
10.000 .250 eE.000 .163E+06 .5438f05
't 0.000 .375 28.000 .449€ + 06 .150E+06
10.0 0 0 .500 28 .000 .375 .972E+O6 -307E+O6
10.000 .625 28.000 .375 .161E+07 .5378r06
10.000 .7SO 28.000 .2 54F+07 .847r +06
10.000 I .000 28 -000 .375 .522E+07 .17 4E+07
10.000 1.250 ?8.000 .375 .911e+ 07 .504E+07
10.000 1.500 ?8.000 .375 .1 44 E+ 0E .479E+O7
10.000 1.?50 28.000 .375 ,211 E+0E - 705 Fl07
10 -000 2.000 2E.000 .295 E+06 .984E+O7
10.000 . a>u 3 0.00 0 .375 .175E+06 .584E+05
10.s00 .375 50.000 .375 .483E+06 - 1618+06
10.000 .500 30.00 0 .3?5 .991 E | 06 - 330Er0 5
l0 -000 .6?5 3 0 .000 .375 .l73E+07 -577E+O6
I 0.00 0 .7 50 30.000 .375 .273e+Oz -910E+06
 -

Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical

Vessels 143

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIff CALCULATION' CY L. V ESS EL

I:i:ii il:ii'
ROT STI F IN'L8/DEG
VESSEL
0D,fT
lli:li INPLANE
LONGT
OUTPLANE
CIRCU

.375 .560€+07 .187E+a?

10.000 I .000 30.000 -326E+07
30.000 . 51> .979E+07
10 .000 1-?50 .154E+08 .51 5E+07
1 .500 30.000 .375
10.000 .227 E+08 .7578+07
10.000 I .750 50 .00 0 .106E+08
30.000 .375 .317E108
't0.000 2.000 .1878+06 -624t+45
'10 .00 0 32 .00 0 .172E+06
32.000 .516E+06
10.000 .37 5 .1c6Er07 .353E+06
10.0 0 0 .500 32.000 .195g+07 .617E+O6
0.000 .625 32.000 -375 .973E+06
1
,000 .292E+07
10.030 .7 50 3 2
.599E+07 .200E+07
10.006 1 .000 3 2 .000 -349E+07
32.000 .37 5 .105E+08
10. c0c 1.250 .'t 65E+08 .S5oE+o7
'10.000 1.500 32 .00 0 .809E+07
32.000 .37 5 .213e+ 08
10 .000 . 339 E+0E .1t3E+08 :
10.000 2. 000 32.000 .705Er05
36.000 .Z1ZE+O6 )j
10.000 .250 .583E+06 .'1948106
10.000 3 6. 000
.1?OE + o? .399€+06 .r '!
36-000
10.000
10 .000
.500
3 6.000 -375 .zc9E+07
.330E+07
-697E+O6
.110E+07
,.i
t
10.000 .150 3 6.00 0
'l0.000 1.000 3 6 .000
.375
-677E+07
.11E8+08
.226E+07
.394ar07 .5
10.000 1.250
1 .500
36.0c0
36.fjc0 .187E+CE -622E+O7 t,.
1G.C00 .2 74 E+ 08 .911a+O7
10.000 1.750 36.000 . '128E+08 lt ,l
2.000 36 -000 -383Er0E
10.000 t: \l

.113Er05 .37 6E +04

.250 2-375 .154
11 .0 00 .154 .3'l 'l E+ 0 5 .104E+05
1'l .000 2.375 .21 E+0 5
2-375 .15 4 .638 E+05 3
11 .000 .500 .111Ei06 .372E+05
.625 2.375 .154
'l I . {10 0
.15 4 .176€+06 .586Er05
11.000 2 -375 .1208.06
2.375 .15 4 .361€+06
11.000 1.000 .631E+06 .210Er06
.154
'l l .000 'r .2 50
?.375 .154 .995Er06 -332E+06
11 .000 1 .500 .146E+07 .487E+06
1.750 2.375 .1 54
11 .000 .154 .ZA4t+07 -68',|E+06
.000 2 .375
11.000 2
.216 .1688i05 .559E+04
1't.000 .250 3.50t1 .1548+05
3 .500 .216 -462E+05
11.000 .216 .949E+05 .316€+05
'l1 .000 .500 3 .500 .553Er05
f.500 .?16 .1e6E+06
11.000 .6?5 .2628+ 06 .872E+O5
.7 50 3.500 .216
11 .000 .216 .537 er06 .179t+O6
11.000 I .000 3-500 .3t3E+06
3 .500 .216 .938E+06
11 -000 1.250 .216 .148€+07 .493E+06
11.000 1.5C0 3.500 .725E+ 06
3.500 .216 .218f+07
1l.0c0 1 .750 .3048+ 07 .101€+07
.000 3.500 .2'16
.000
'11 2
.237 .222E+05 . 739 Ei0 4
11.000 .250 4.500 .204Er05
4.500 .?77 ,611 € +05
1',| .0 00 . 1?5€+06 .4'165+05
.500 4. 500 .23?
11.000 .?37 .219E+46 .731E +o5
11.000 .625 4. 500 .1 'l 5Ei06
4.500 .237 .316E1C6
11.000 .7 50 .? 10E+O6 .237E+O6
I .000 4.500 .237
11.000 .237 .124E+07 .4'13€+06
'l1.000 1.250 4.500 .6 5Z€+06
.500 .237 .19 6E + o7
11.00c I .500 4
.293E+07 .958E+06
11.000 1.750 4 .500 -1348+07
4 .500 .AAZEiA7
11 .00 0 2.000 .2 80 .337E+05 -112e+o5
1 I .000 6.625 .310Er05
.37t 6 -625 .280 .929E+05
11 .00 0 .280 .19t E+06 .636€r05
11.000 .500 6.625 .1',|1 E+0 6
.625 6.625 .280 .333Er06
11.000
144 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Conlinued
ROlA STIFF CA LC ULATION, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NO22LE NOZZLE ROT STI F IN.LB/DEG

OD,FT ICX,IN OO,IN TCK,IN OUTPLANT
STD LONGI
'NPLANE CIRCU

11.000 .7 50 .280 .525E+ A6 .17 5E+O6

t 1 .000 1 .000 6.625 .10E € +07 .360E+06
11 .000 1.250 .1EEE+07 .628E+06
I1.000 't .500 6 -625 .2E0 .297E+a7 .991E+06
11.000 1.750 .280 .437E+07 .'l46E+O?
J1.000 2.000 6.625 .260 .6108+07 -203E+07
1 't .000 -250 E.625 .322 .4158+05 .146E+05
11.000 8 .6?5 .1238+06 .409E+05
1 I .000 .500 8 _625 -252E+06 .840E+05
'| 1 .000 8.625 -3?2 .4 40E+06 .147EtO6
11.000 8.625 -322 .694E+06 .231E+06
11.000 'l .000 .32? .113e+07 .47 5E +06
'I1.000 1-250 8 -625 .322 .2 49E+07 . Ef 0Ef 06
11.000 1 .5A0 .393E+07 .131E+07
11.000 1-750 8.625 -322 .5778+07 .1928+O?
11.000 2.000 .322 .806E+07 .2 69 E +O7
11.000 .250 t 0. 75r] .56'tE+05 .187E+05
11 ,0 00 .3?5 10.750 .365 .1 558+06
'| 1 .000 .500 10.750 .3'l7E+06 .t06E+06
11.000 10 -754 .554E+06 .1E5Elc6
11.000 .7 50 10 .-t 50 -874E+06 .291E+O6
r1.000 I .000 10.750 .179 E+ 07 .5988+06
11.C00 1 .25A 10.750 .365 .31 1E+O7 .105E+07
11.000 t .500 'ls -75Q .365 .195E+07 .1 65 E+o 7
'11.000 't .7 50 0.750
't .727E+O7 .?42E+O7
11 .000 2.000 10.750 .102E+CE .338E+07
11 .0 00 12.750 .67 4E+05
t 1 .000 't2.750 .'186E+06 .619E+05
11.000 12.750 .375 -3E2E+06 -127E+ 06
11.000 .625 12.750 .666E+06 .?2?E+0 6
11.000 .750 12 -750 -t058+07 .3508+06
11.000 1 .000 12.750 .375 .216E+07 .719 E+C6
11 .000 1 .250 1?.750 .377 E+07 .1? 6 t +O?
11 .000 I .500 12.750 .375 .595E +a7 .1988+07
11 .000 1 .750 12.750 .87 1E + A7 .291E+07
t1-00c 2.000 12.750 .1 22E +08 .4O7 E+07
r 1 .0 00 -250 t4.000 .7468+05 .2 49E+o5
11.000 't 4.000 .206E+06 -686F+05
t'l .000 .500 I 4.000 .4228+06 .1 4'l E+O6
11.000 14.000 .73EE+06 .2468+06
1 1 .000 .750 'I 4.000 -'l16E+ 07 .388E+06
1't .000 J.000 1 4.000 .239a+07 .79 6E+06
11.000 't .2 50 'I 4. 000 .417a+ A7 .139E+O7
1t - 000 1.500 'l 4.000 .658E+07 .219E+tl
1t .000 1.750 14-000 .96EE+07 .323E+ o7
11.000 2.000 I 4.000 .135E+08 .450E+07
11.000 16-000 .862E+05 .287E+05
11-000 .37 5 16 .000 .237E+O6 .7 92 t+O 5
11.000 .500 16.000 .4 87E + 06 -162E1O6
11.000 .625 16.000 .852E+06 .284€+06
1t -c00 .7 50 't6.c00 - 1348+Oz .4 48E+o6
t 1 .000 1.000 16 .000 .27 6a+07 .919E+06
11.000 '1.250 t6-000 .482E+07 .1618+O7
11.000 t. 500 1 6.000 -375 - 7 6OEr 07 .?53E+O7
11 .00 0 1.750 16.000 .112E+08 -3?2E+o7
11.000 ?. 000 I 6.000 .3?5 . 1 56E+ 0E -5?OE+07
11.000 18.000 .977E+05 .326E+05
't1.000 18 . J00 .2 69 E+ 06 .898 E+05
11.000 18.000 .553E+06 .184E+06
11.000 I 8 .000 .9 66E +a6 .322E+o6
11 .000 .7 50 18.000 .152E+ C7 . 508E +06
 !

Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 145

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STTFF CALCULATION' CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZLE NOZZLE ROT STI F IN.L8/DEG

0DzFT TCKTIN OD,tN TCK'IN INPLA!,IE OUTPLANE
S TD LONGI CIRCU

11.000 't.000 18.000 .375 -313E +07 Jo4E+az

1 1 .000 1.250 't 8.000 .375 -5 46E+07 .182E+07
11.000 1.500 1 8 .000 .375 -86?E+07 -287E+07
,1.000 1.750 18.000 .375 .127E+oE ,422E+07
t l .000 2 .000 '18 - 000 .375 .1 77E+08 .590E+07
1l.000 .2 50 20.000 .375 -',|09E+06 .364€105
1't.000 20.000 .375 .30',1E +06 .1008+06
11 .000 .500 20 .000 .375 .6'l8E +06 .206€ +06
11.000 .625 20 .000 .375 .108E + 07 -360€+06
11-000 .750 20.000 .375 .170E+07 .568F+06
11 .000 I .000 20.000 .375 .3 50 E +07 .117E+ 07
11.000 1 .250 20.000 -375 .6'11€+07 .204E+o7
11.000 1 .500 20 .000 .375 .963E+ 07 .321€+07
11.000 1 .7tb 20.000 -375 .142E+08 .472E+O7
11.000 2.000 20.000 -3?5 . 198 E+ 08 .6598+07
11.000 .250 22.000 -375 .1?1E+46 .4038+05
't1.000 22 -AOO .375 .333E+06 .t11E+06
11 .00 0 .500 22 .00 0 .375 ,683E+06 .228E+06
11.000 22 .AAO .375 .119E+07 .398F+06
'l l .0 00 .7 50 22.000 .375 .138 07
E + .628E+06
11.000 1.000 22.000 .375 .387E+O7 .1?98+A7
11 .000 1.250 22.000 .375 - 67 5E +47 .225E+07
t1.00c 't .5c0 ?? .ooo -375 .1078+C8 .355E+07
11.000 22.O00 .375 .1578+OE .522E+07
11 .0 0c 2.000 22 .COO .375 .219E+08 ,729E+O7
11.000 24.400 .375 .132E+06 .141E +O5
11 .000 .37 5 Zr'.000 .375 .365E+46 .1?2E+A6
't1.000 .500 24.000 -375 .719E+06 .250F+06
't l .000 24.000 -375 .'131E+07 .436E+06
11 .000 .? 50 ?a.oao .375 .286E+A7 .688E+06
11.0CC .000 24 -OOO .375 - 424E+A7 .141E+o7 1,,
t
1't.000 .25u 24.000 -375 .7loE+o7 .247 E+07
't 'r ,000 .500 24.000 .375 .117E+08 .3t9E+07
11 .000 .7 50 24 ,O00 -375 .1 72 E | 08 .5?2e+87
11 .0 00 2.000 24 - 000 -375 .?1OEr08 .799E+07
11.000 .2 50 26.000 .375 .1448+06 .480E+05
11.000 26.000 .3'?5 . 397E+ 06 .'l32E +06
.000
'l 1 .500 26.000 .375 .814E+06 .2 7'l E+o 6
11.000 26.C00 -375 .112E+o7 .47 4E+06
'11.000 -7 50 26.000 .375 .224E+07 .718E+06
11.000 .000 26.000 .375 .4608+07 .1538+O7
11 .00 0 . ?50 26.000 .375 .EC4E+07 .2 68E +O7
11.000 .500 26.000 .375 .127E+O8 .123E+07
1 1 .000 .750 26.O00 .375 . 187E+ 08 .62?E +07
11.000 2.000 26.000 .375 .260E+06 .868€+07
11.000 -375 .1 55ErC6 .518E+C5
11.000 28.000 .375 .42E€+06 ,143€+06
1'l .000 .500 28.000 -375 . E79 E+ 06 .293E +0 6
11.000 28.000 .375 .154E+O7 .512E+06
1'1 .00 0 .750 28.000 .375 .? 12E+ 07 .803E+06
11.000 1 .000 23.0C0 -375 .197E +47 .166E+07
11.000 1.250 28.000 .375 -E69E+A7 ,29AE+O7
11.000 'I .5C0 28.000 .375 . 137E+08 .457t+C7
11.000 1 -750 28.000 -375 .202E+08 .672E +a7
't1.J00 2 .OAO 28.000 -375 .281 E+ tl8 .938E+07
11,0C0 .250 30.000 .375 . 'l 67 F+ 06 .557E+05
11,000 30.{.i00 .375 .460E+06 .153E+06
1'1 ,tic0 .500 30.000 .375 .945€+06 .315E+06
11.0CC -625 30.000 .375 ,165E+A7 .550€+06
11.000 .7 50 30,000 -375 .2 (OE + C7 .E68F+06
'11.cti0 1 ,000 30.000 -375 .534E+07 -'178E+07
146 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROI^ STIFT CALCULAIIOI,, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESS€L NOZZLE NOZZLE ROT SII F IN.L8/DEG

OO,FT ICKIIN OO'IN r CK,I N INPLANE OUTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

11.000 1 .250 30.c00 .37 5 .934Er07 .311E+07

11.000 t .500 30. 000 .147E+o8 .191E +o7
11.000 1 .750 30 .000 .216E+08 .722e+C7
1'l .000 2. 000 30.000 .302Er08 .101 E+08
11.000 3?.000 .375 .179E+06 .595E+05
11.000 12. 000 .375 - 49ZEr06 .164Er06
11.000 .500 32.000 .101E+ 07 .337E+06
t l .000 .625 32 .OOO .1768+07 .588E+06
11.000 .7 5s 32 .00 0 .375 .278E+oz .92E€+06
1t .000 1.0c0 32 .000 -375 ,571E +07 .19AE +A7
1t .000 1.250 32 .000 .375 .998E+07 -333E+O7
1t .000 1.500 52.000 -375 .157E+08 .r25E+O?
11.000 1.750 3 2.000 -375 .231E+08 .77?E+O7
r't.000
,l
2.000 32.000 .3 23E + 08 .108E+08
1.000 .250 56.000 .375 .2028+06 .672Ero5
1t.000 .37: 36.000 .375 .556E+06 .185E+06
11.000 . >UU 36.00 0 .37 5 .1 14E+07 .380E{06
't'1.000 .625 3 6.000 .375 .199E+07 .664E+06
11.000 -750 3 6 .000 .375 .314E+07 .1058+07
'11.000 1.000 36 .000 .645E+07 .215E+O7
11 .000 1.250 36.000 .113E+08 -376E+07
I I .000 1.500 36.000 .375 .178€+06 -5938+07
.000
'| 1 1.750 36.00 0 .375 .2 61 E +08 .E71ErO7
1J.000 2.000 36.00 0 -3?5 .365E+08 .12?E+oB
t1.000 4 0.000 .t7 5 .225E+06 .749E+0 5
11.000 -375 40 .000 .t75 . 619 E+ 06 .2068+O6
11.0C0 .500 40.000 .375 .127e+87 .424E+06
t 1.000 40.000 .222E+07 -7 40E+O6
t't .000 .7 50 40 .00 0 ,3508+07 .117e +O7
1r .000 t.000 40.000 .375 .719E+07 -240E+07
11.ADO 1.250 40 .00 0 -375 .1 26E+ 08 .419E+07
'r1.000 t. t00 40.000 .1988+08 .661E+O7
t I .000 I .750 40 .00 0 .375 .291E+08 .971E+07
11.0C0 2.000 40.000 .375 .4078+08 .136E+08

12.000 -250 2.375 .154 .106E+05 .3608+04

12.000 .375 2.375 -154 .298 E+05 -992E+04
'12.000 .500 2.375 .154 .6llE+05 .204E+05
't2.000 .625 2.3?5 .'t07E+06 -f56Er05
12.000 -7 50 2.375 .15 4 .1689r 06 -561E+05
12.000 I .000 2.375 -154 .346E+06 .115E+06
12.000 I .250 2.375 .154 .604E+06 .201 E+06
12.000 1.500 ?.375 .154 .9528+96 .317E+O6
12.C00 1.750 2.375 .154 .11OE+07 .467E+O6
12.000 2.0c0 2.375 .154 .195E+07 .652e+D6
12.000 .250 3. 500 .216 . t6lE+05 .536E+o1
12.000 3.500 .216 .443E+05 .14EE+05
12.AOO .500 3.500 .216 .909E+05 .303E+05
12.000 .625 3.500 .216 .159E+06 .529E+05
t2.000 .7 50 3-500 .216 -250E+06 .835E+0 5
| 2.000 I .000 3.500 .216 .5'l4E+06 .1718r06
12.000 1.250 3.500 .216 .898E+06 .2998+O6
12.000 1 .500 3.500 .216 .112E+oz .472E+O6
12,000 1.750 .216 .208€r07 .694E+06
t2.000 2.000 .291E+07 .970 E+0 6
12.000 -250 4-500 .237 .212t+ 05 .706 E+04
12.000 .37 5 4 .500 .237 .585E+05 .195E+05
12.00c 4.500 .237 .120E+06 .400 E+0 5
't 2.000 4. 500 .237 .210E | 06 .700E+05
t2.000 4-500 -237 . J3t E+06 .1 10E +06
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 147

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA Sttf F CALCULAITONT CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZLE NOZZLE ROl SIIf IN.L8/DE6

0D,ll TCX,IN OD,IN TCK,IN INPLANE OUTPLANE
STD LONGI CTRCU

12,090 1.000 ,.. 500 .237 .680E+06 .22'l E+ O6

12.000 1.250 4.500 .237 .119E+O7 .396E+06
't2,000 1 .500 4.500 .237 .187E.07 -621ErO6
12.000 1.750 4 .500 .237 .275E+07 .91EE+06
12.000 2. 000 4.500 .237 .384E+07 .'l28E+07
'l2.000 6.625 .280 .3?3E+05 .108E+05
12.000 .375 6.625 .280 .889 E +05 .?96E+05
12.00c .500 6 -625 .280 .133 E+06 .608E+05
1Z .000 .625 6.625 .2 80 .319E+06 .106E+06
't2.000 .7 50 6.625 ,280 .5038+06 . t d8E+06
12 .OOO 1 .000 6.625 .2 80 .1c3F+07 .3 44F +o 6 ,t
t 2 .000 1.250 6.6?5 .280 .l80E+07 .601 €+06
12.00c 1 .500 6.625 .280 .2n58+O7 .949E+06
t?-000 1.750 6.625 .280 .418E+07 .139E+07 t
12.000 2. 000 6.625 .?80 .584E +47 .195E+O7
12.000 .250 8.625 .322 .426E+05 .142E+05
t:
't2.000 E.625 .322 .118E+06 .3929+05
12.000 .500 .322 .241E+O6 .804E+05
'i
12. 00 c 8.625 .322 .4218+06 .140E+06
12 .00 0 -f>u -322 .665€t06 .?22E+o6
ir\
12.000 1.000 8.625 -322 . 136E+07 .4558r06
't 2.000 1.250 -32? .238E+o7 .79 5E+ O6 I

12.000 I .500 .322 .37 6E+O7 .125E+A7

il
1?.000 1.750 8.625 .322 .553E+07 .184E+O7
it;
12,000 2. 000 .322 .7728+ol .?57E+o7 :l
'12.000 .290 1 0. 750 -365 .537E+05 .179E+05
12.000 .37 5 10.750 .365 .14EE+06 ,493E+05
12.000 .500 10.750 .36, .304E+C6 .l0lE+06 iii
12.000 .625 1 0. 750 .36' .531€+06 .177E +06
12.000 -750 1 0 .750 .365 .837E+06 -279E+O6
12.000 1.000 t0.750 .365 .172E+07 .573E+06
12 ,000 1.250 10. 750 .365 .300E+07 .100E+07
12.000 1.500 't 0 .750 .365 .47 4E.o7 .1 58 F+07
't2.000 1.750 10.750 .365 .696E+07 .232E+07
12 .000 2.000 10 .750 -365 .972E+O7 .324E+O?
12 .000 .250 12 .750 .375 .616E+05 .?15E+O5
12.000 1? .750 .375 .17E8+06 .5938+05
12.000 .500 1?.7 50 .375 .3 6 5€| 06 .122Er 06
12.000 12.750 .375 .63E Ef 06 .2'l3E+O6
12.00 0 12.750 -375 .1o1E+07 .3368+0 6
12.000 .000 12.750 .375 .2o7E+O7 .689 E+06
12.O00 12.750 .375 .361E+07 .t20E+07
1 2 .000 .500 12.750 .375 .569E+O7 .t90Er07
'tz.ou0 -7 50 12.750 -375 .E37E+07 .279E+O7
'| 2.000 2 .000 12.750 -375 . 1178 + 08 .l90E+07
12.000 '14.000 .375 .715E+05 .2399+05
12.000 14-000 -375 .197E+46 .656E+05
't 2 .00! .500 1 4.000 .375 .404E+06 -135Ef06
12.000 14. 000 -375 .706E+ 06 .235E+06
12.000 -7 50 1 4.000 .375 .1't1E+O7 .371E+06
12.000 .000 14.000 .375 -zz9E+07 .762E+06
12.000 t 4.000 -375 -4OOE+07 .133E+07
12 ,000 .500 't 4 .000 .375 .6308+07 .21OE+07
12.000 .7 50 14 .000 .375 .9?6E+ 07 .309E+07
12 . 000 2. 000 ,l
4.000 .375 .'l 29Er0E .431E +O7
12.000 .2 5A 1 6.000 .375 .825E+05 .275E+05
12.C00 't 6.000 .375 .2?7E+O6 .758Er05
1? -004 .500 '16.000 .375 .467 E+o6 .156E+06
12.000 16 .000 .375 .E15€+06 .272E+O6
12.000 - 1>U 16.000 .375 .129E+07 .4?9 E+06
12 .000 I .000 I 6.000 -3?5 .261E+o7 .880E+06
148 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTASIIfF CALCULATIOII' CYL. VESSEL
v€ssEL VESSEL NOZ2LE NOZ ZLE ROI STIF II].L8/DEG
0D,FT ICKrIN 00rIN T CK,I N INPLANE OUIPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

12.000 1.250 16.000 - 461Er07 .154E+O7

12.000 t .500 16.000 .375 .72EE+07 .243E+O7
'12.000 1.750 | 6.000 .175 .107E+08 .3578107
12.000 2.000 16.000 .375 . 1 49E +08 .49aE+07
12.000 .250 18.000 .936E+05 .312Er05
12.000 18.000 .375 .2 5E€+06 .E59E+05
r2.000 .500 18.000 .5 29 E+06 .17 6E+O6
1Z-000 .625 18.000 .9 248 +06 .308E+06
'12.000 't8.000 .375 .146E+07 .486E{06
1? .00 0 1 .000 r 8.000 .375 .299ri07 .996 E +0 6
12.000 18 .000 .375 .523E+07 .17 4E+07
12.000 1.500 r8.000 .375 .825E+07 .275E+o7
12.000 18 .000 -375 .121 E+08 - 404E+O7
12 .00 0 2. 000 18.000 . l69E+08 .564E+07
12 .000 .250 20 .000 .105E+06 -3498+05
12.4O0 .375 20.000 .288E106 .961El05
12 .00 0 .500 20.000 .5928+06 .197 E+o 6
't 2.000 .625 20.000 .103E+07 .3458+06
'| 2.000 20.000 .37 5 .'163E+07 .544E+06
'r2.000 1.0c0 20 .00 0 .3358+07 .1',\2e+07
12.000 1,250 20.000 .373 .585Er07 .195Er07
12.000 1.500 20.000 .375 .9228+07 .307E+07
1?.000 'l .7 50 20.000 .136E+08 - 452E+ O7
12.000 2.000 2 0 .000 .1898+08 -631E+07
12.00c 2?.OOO .116E+06 .386E+05
12.000 .37 5 22.000 .319E+06 .106€+06
12.00 0 .500 22.000 .654E+06 .2188+06
12.000 22 .00 0 .37 5 .114E+07 .381E+06
12 .00 0 .?50 22.000 .1808+07 .6018+06
12.000 .00 0 22 .000 .370E+ 07 .123Er07
1?.000 22.000 .647E+07 .216E+O7
12.000 .500 24.000 -375 .102E+08 .340E+O7
12.000 22.000 . 150E+08 .5C0 E+07
r2.000 2. 000 22.000 .175 . ?09t + 08 .698E+07
12.000 24.000 .375 - 127E + 06 .422E+O5
12.000 .375 24.OAO .3?5 .319E+ 06 .116E+06
12.000 .500 24.000 .375 .717E+06 .239 E+O6
12.000 .625 21.OOO .125E+07 .417 E+O6
12.000 .750 24.000 .375 .1988+07 .658E+06
12.000 I .000 24.000 .4A5E+07 .135E+07
12.000 1.250 24.OOA .706E+07 .236E+O7
12. 000 1.500 24.000 -37 5 .112E+08 .372ErO7
12.000 1.750 24.000 .164E+0E .548E+07
12.000 2.000 2 4 -000 .375 .2?9E+ 08 .7 65E +07
12.000 .250 26.000 .138E+06 .459E+05
12.000 26.000 .330E+06 .127E+O6
12.C00 26 .000 .779 E+06 .2608+06
12.000 .625 ? 6.0 00 -136E+07 .4548+06
12.000 .7 50 26.000 .2'l5E+ol .716E+O6
12.000 1 .000 26.000 .375 .441E+07 .147E+07
1?.000 1.?50 2 6.00 0 .7 7 0E+ 07 .257t+07
12.000 1 .500 2 6 .000 -375 .12't E+ 0E .405E+O7
72.DOO 't .7 50 26.000 .179E]08 .595Ef 07
12.000 2 .000 26 .000 .249E+08 .8318+0?
12 .00 0 .250 28 .000 .375 .149Ef06 .496E+05
12.000 28.000 .375 .4108+06 -137E+06
2.000
't .500 2E.000 -842E+06 .2El E+06
12 .000 .625 26.000 .375 .147E+07 .490E+06
12 .00 0 28.000 .232E+O7 .773E+o6
12.000 I .000 28 .000 .47 6E+O7 . t 59E +0 7
't2.000 1.250 28.000 .375 .a32E+07 .?77E+07
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 149

Table 6-1
Continued
ROlA STIfF CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZLE NOZZLE ROT STIF IN.L8lDE6

OD,'T TCK,IN ODU IN ]CKTIN INPLAN€ OUTPLANE
STO LONGI CIRCU

12 .00 0 1.500 28 .000 .375 .1318+08 .137E+07

12 .00 0 't -7 50 28.000 .375 .193F+0E .64JE+07
12.00c 2.000 28.000 .269F+08 .898E+07
'12.000 .250 30 .000 -37t .160€+06
12.000 30.000 -441E+06 .147 E+O6
12.000 .500 30.00 0 -904Er06 .301 E+06
12.000 3 0 .000 . 1 58E +07 .527E+06
't2.000 .750 30.000 .2t9E+07 .831E+06
't 2.00r1 1 .000 30.000 .375 .5128+07 .1718+07
12.000 1.250 30.00 0 .891E+ 07 .298E+a7
12.000 'l .500 30.000 . '1418+08 .470E+07
12.O04 1.750 50.000 .37 5 .207E+08 - 691e +O7
12.040 2 .000 30.000 .3? 5 .289E+0E .965E+O7
12 .00 0 .250 I2.000 .171E+06 .5 70 E+0 5
52 .000 . 471E+ 06 .'157 E+ o 6
12.000 .37 5
12.000 .500 3 2.00 0 .967E+06 .322E+O6 lx
'12 .0 00 .625 32-000 .169E +o7 .563E+06
12.000 32.000 .266E+A7 .888E+06
12 .00 0 .000 32.000 .5 47 E+07
.956E+07
.1828+07
.3't 9 E+O7
ri
12.000 J2.000
12 .000 .500 32.000 .15'lE+08 .502E+07 lls
12.00c .750 32.00c .2728+O?. .739E+o7
12.000 2.000 32.000 .309€+08 .103E+08
36.000 .193E+06 ,644E+0S it:
12.C00 .250
'12.00c 36.00 0 .5f2E+06 .177 E+06 fl
12.000 .500 36.00 0 ,109E+07 .364E+06
't2.000 .625 36.000 .191E+07 .6368+06
12 .000 .? 50 36.0C0 .301€+07 .100F+07
t 2 .000 1 ,000 36 -000 - 618E+07 .?O6E+O7
12 .000 1 .250 36.000 ,106E+08 .360€+07
12.000 1 .500 36.000 .375 .1708+08 .568E+07
12 .000 1,750 36.000 .250E+06 .834E+O?
12 .000 2. 000 3 6.00 0 .37 5 .349E+CE .116E+08
12.O00 .2 5A 40.000 .215E+46 .717F +05
'1 2 ,000 40 .000 .593E106 .'198E+06
12 .00 0 .500 40.000 -122E+07 -406E+06
12.000 40.000 .213E+07 .709E106
12 .00 0 .?50 40.000 .33 jE107 .112E+O7
12.000 1 .000 40.000 .689E+07 .230E+07
12.000 1.250 4C.000 .'l ?0E +08 ,4018+07
'12.000 I .500 r.0.000 .190E+08 .633E+07
12.000 1.750 40.000 .375 .2798+0E .9308+07
12.000 2.000 40.000 .390E+08 .'l30E+08

13.000 .'t54 .t04E+05 .346Er04

13 .000 2.375 .154 -286€+05 .9Sj€+04
13.000 .500 2.375 .587E+05 .196E+05
13 .000 2 -375 .154 .103E+06 .342E+O5
1 3 ,000 .750 2.375 -154 .162E+ 06 .539E+05
13 .000 I .0c0 2.375 .15 4 .33?E+O6 .111E+05
't3.000 1.250 .580E+06 .'193E+06
13.000 1.500 .154 .915E+06 _305E+06
13.000 1.750 2.375 .15 4 .1358+07 .4438+O6
'l3 .000 2 .000 2 .375 -'l54 .188E+07 .626E+O6
't3,000 -2 50 3.500 .2'l6 .154E+05 .515E+04
13.000 3.500 .216 .425E+05 .142E+05
13 .000 .500 3.500 .216 .8 73 E+ 05 .2918+05
'13.000 3.500 .216 .1 53E+06 .509E+05
13.000 . a>u .2'16 .?41E+06 .802E+05
13 .0 00 1 .000 3 .500 .494E+06 .165E+06
 150 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 5-1
Continued
R0IA sTIfr CALCULAIIOI{r CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL tIO2ZLE TOZZLE ROT STIF II{.LB/DEG

OD,FT rc(,Itl ODrlN TCK,IN IiIPLANE 0UTPLAI{E
STD LON6I C IRCU

'13.000 1 -250 1.500 .?16 .863€ +06 .288E+06

13.000 1.500 3.500 .216 . I l6E+07 .454E+O6
13.000 1 .750 3.500 -216 .20081 07 .667e+ O6
13.000 2.000 3. 500 .216 .?79E+07 .932Er06
13.000 .250 4 .500 .zt7 .204€+05 .680E+04
't3.000 4.500 .237 .562Ef05 .1 87Er05
13.000 .500 4 .500 .237 .115Er06 .385€+05
13.000 .625 4 .500 .237 .202Er06 -672ErO5
13 .0 00 .750 4.500 -237 .l'lEE+06 .1 06€ r0 6
13.0C0 1.000 4.500 -237 .655€ +06 -2'l8Er06
13.000 1.250 4.500 -"37 .114er07 .380Er06
13.000 1 .500 4 .500 -?37 .180€+07 .600E+06
13.000 1.754 4.500 -237 .265E+O7 -8828+06
13.0C0 2.000 4 .500 .?37 .369E+O7 .123E+Ol
l3 .000 6.6?5 .280 .310E+05 .103Er05
13.000 6.625 .280 .854E+05 .285E+05
13.000 .500 6.625 .280 .17 5E+06 .5E5Ei05
'13 .0 0c 6.625 .280 . j06E+06 .'102E+06
13.000 6.62t .2E0 .483E+06 .t61E+06
13 .0 00 1.000 6.625 -280 -992 E+06 .331 E+0 6
11.000 1.250 6.625 .280 -1?3E+07 . 578 Ef06
13.000 I .500 6.625 -280 .273E+07 .911F+06
13.000 1.750 6.625 .280 .402E+o? .134F+O7
13 .000 2.000 6.625 .?80 .561E+07 .187 E+O7
15 .00 0 8.62 5 -32? .4108+05 .137E+05
[: 13.000 .37 5 4.625 .3?Z .113E+06 .376Er05
l:i 15.000 .500 a.625 -322 .2328+06 .7738+O5
13.000 .625 8.625 .322 .40 5E+ 06 .135E+06
t 3 .000 .750 8-625 -3?2 .639E+06 .213Eio6
13.000 I .000 E.625 .322 .131E+07 .437 E+O6
13.000 1 .250 a .625 .t2? .229E+a7 .7 63ErO6
13.000 1. 500 8.625 .3?Z .361E+07 .120E+07
13.000 1.750 a.625 .322 .531E+O7 .1778+O7
'tf .000 2.000 8.625 .322 .7 42E+O7 .247E+O7
13.000 10.750 -565 ,516E+05 -172E.05
13 - 000 .375 10-750 .365 .142E+O6 .474E+05
13 .0 00 .500 10.750 .365 .?92E+06 .97iE+05
13.000 .625 10.750 .365 .510E+ 06 .170E+06
13.000 .750 10 -750 .365 .804€106 .268E+06
13.000 't .000 10.750 .365 .1658+07 .550E+06
13.000 1 .250 10.750 .365 . ?EEE+07 .96t E+06
13.000 I .500 10. 750 .365 .455E+07 .152E+O7
13.000 1.750 10.750 .365 .669 E+07 .223E+O7
13.000 2.000 10.750 .365 .934 E +07 .Jll E+07
13.000 .250 1?.750 .375 .6 20E +05 -2078+05
13.000 .375 12.750 .375 .',l718+06 .570E+05
15.000 .500 1?.750 .375 .351E106 .1178+06
13.000 .625 12.750 .375 .613€+06 .2048+06
't3.000 12.750 .375 .967E.O6
13.C00 t .000 12.750 .375 .199E+07 .662Er06
13.000 1.250 't 2.750 .375 .317E+o7 .116ErO7
13.000 1.500 12.750 .375 .5 47E+O7 .182E+O7
't3.000 1.?50 12.?50 .375 .aE4E+ 07 .268 E+07
13 .000 2.000 '12.750 -375 .1128+08 .374E+07
13 .00 0 .250 14.000 .375 .687€ +05 .229E+O5
13.000 .37 5 14.000 -375 .189E+06 .631E+05
13.000 .500 '| 4.000 .375 .388E+06 . 1 29 E+06
13 .000 .675 14.000 -37' .679E+O6 .226E+06
't3.000 .7 50 14.000 -375 -107E+O7 .357E+O6
'13.000 1.000 14.000 .375 .220E+07 .732Er06
13.000 I .?50 14.000 .375 .384€ +07 .128E+07
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 151

Table 6-1
Continued
ROIA STIFF CALCUIATI0Ne CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL TIOZZLE NOZZLE ROI STIF IN.L8/DEG

OD,TT TCK,IN OD,IN TCK,IN INPLARE OUTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

13.000 1 .500 1 4.000 .375 .60 5E + 07 .?D2E+O7

13.000 1.750 I 4 .000 .375 .890 + 07 E .297E+Oz
13 .000 2 ,000 't4.000 -375 ,124E+ 08 .414E+Ol
13.000 -z>u 't 6.000 .375 .791E+05 -2648+05
't3.000 16.000 .375 .218 E+06 .728Er05
11.000 .500 'l6.000 .375 .448E+06 .149E+O6
13.000 .62 5 16.000 .375 .783E+06 .2 6'l E+ O6
'13.000 .7 50 16.000 .375 .1?4E +o7 .412E+0 6
13 - 000 .000 1 6.000 .375 .?54E+O? .E46E+06
13 .000 't 6.000 .375 .4t 3E+07 .148E+02
13 .000 .500 16.000 .375 .699a+C7 .233E+O7
,t
1f.000 .7 50 I 6.000 .375 .103E+08 .343E+O7
13 .000 2. 000 't6.000 .375 . 143E]08 .478E+O7
13 .000 18.000 .375 .8998+05 .300€+05
'| 3 .000 1 ,000
8 .375 .? 4EE+06 .8268+05
13 .000 1E.000 -3?5 .508E+06 .169E+06
13 .000 .625 18.tto0 .375 .EE8E+06 .296E+06 i{

1J .000 .7 50 1 8.000 .375 .1 40 F+ 07 .467E+O6 .,1

13.0C0 1 .000 I 8 .000 .375 .288E+ 07 .959E+06

13.0 0 0 1.250 't 8.000 -375 .502E+07 .167 E+Of itr\
13 .00 0 I-500 18.000 .375 .793E+ 07 .2 64E+oz
18.000 -375 .117E+0E . f88E +07
13.000
13.000 2. 000 16.000 .375 .1d3E+0E -542E+07
13 .000 20.000 .375 .1008+06 .33 5E +0 5 .,|\
|4
13 .000 20.000 .375 .?77E+06 ,9 23E+o,
,)
13.000 .500 20.000 .375 .569E+06 .1 90E+06
13 .000 .625 20,000 .375 .993€+06 .331E+06 itt
13.000 .7 50 20.000 .375 .157E+O7
'12?F +l\7
.5?28.06
13.000 1,000 20.000 "7<
.107E+07
't 3 .000 1.?50 20.000 -375 -562E+O7 .1878+07
13.000 1.500 20.000 .375 .8E6E+07 .295Ei07
13 .000 1.7r0 20-000 .375 .1 30 E+08 .4348+D7
13.000 2.000 20 .000 .375 .182E+08 .606E+07
13 .000 22.000 .375 .1118+06 .370E+05
13.000 2 2.000 .375 .306E+06 .102E+06
13.000 .500 22.000 .375 .629E +06 .210E+06
r3,000 22.000 .375 . t 10Ei07 ,366E+06
15 .000 22 -OOO .375 .173E+ D7 .577E+06
'13.000 I .000 22.OOO -375 .3 56 E+07 .1 19 E +07
13.000 1.250 22 .000 .375 .621E+o7 .?a7E+07
13 .000 1 .500 22.000 .375 .980 E+0 7 .3278+07
13.000 1.750 z2 -aoo .375 .',144E+08 .480E+07
13.000 z .000 22.000 .375 .201 E+oE .67OE+07
't 3. 000 24 -OOO .375 .122E+O6 .406E+05
13.000 24.000 .37t .3358+06 -'l1?E+o6
tt.000 .500 24.000 .375 .639Er06 .230E+06
13.000 ,625 24.000 .375 .120E+O7 .401E+06
1f. 000 .7 50 ?4.AOO .375 .190E+ol -633E+06
13.000 1 .000 24 .000 .375 .390E+07 .130E+07
l3 .000 't.250 24.000 ,375 .681E+07 -227E+O7
13.000 I .500 24.000 .375 .107E+08 .358E+07
15.000 1.750 21 .OOO .375 .t 58E+08 .526E+07
'13.000 2 .000 24.000 .375 .220€+08 .735E+O7
13.000 26 .000 .375 .1328+06 -44JE+05
11.000 26.000 .375 .3658+06 .122E+06
13.0C0 .500 26.000 .375 .749E+O6 .250E+06
t3.000 26.000 -375 .',131E+O7 _436E]06
1J.000 .7 50 26.000 .375 .206E+07 .688E+06
13.0C0 1 .000 26 .000 -375 .4248+07 .141E+07
13.000 1.250 26.000 .375 .7 40E+A7 .217 E +07
13.000 1-5C0 26.000 .375 .117E+08 .389E+07
152 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIFF CALCULATIOTI, CYL. VESS€L

VESSEL vE ssEL 0t z LE NOZZLE ROT STl F IN.L8/DEG

OD,FT TC K,I I,I OD,I N TCK.IN II'|PLANE OUTPLA E
STD LON6I C IRCU

13 .000 1.750 26.000 .17?E OE .572E+O7

13.000 2.000 26.000 .240€+08 .799E+Ol
13 .0 00 28. 000 - 143E106 .477E+05
13.000 .37 5 28.000 .t94e+O6 .15',lE+06
'| 3.000 .500 26.000 .375 .809 Er 06 .270E+O6
13 .0 c0 .625 28.000 .141Er07 - 471ErO6
I t.000 .7 50 28.000 .375 .?238+07 .743E+O6
13.000 1-000 28 .000 .!75 .4 58E + 07 .153Ef07
15.0C0 1.?50 28.000 .375 .799 E+07 .2668+O7
13.000 '1.500 28.000 .s75 .'126€+08 .4?OE+07
13.000 1.750 2E.000 .37t .lE5E+08 .618E+07
13.000 2.000 2E .00 0 -3? 5 .259E+0E .E63Ei07
t3.000 .250 30.000 .375 . t 54E+06 .51?E+05
15.000 30.000 .375 .4?3E+06 .141E+06
13 .0 00 .500 30.000 .375 .869 E r 06 .2908+06
13.000 .625 30.00 0 .375 .152e+O7 .506 E+06
13.000 .7 50 30.000 .5r> .239E+A7 .798E f06
13.000 1.000 30.00 0 .375 -492E+07 .164E+O7
r3.000 1.250 30.000 .375 .659E+07 .286E+07
13.C00 1.500 50.000 .375 .lf5E+08 .4 52 E+O7
r3.000 1.750 30.000 .375 - 199 E+08 .664E+07
13.000 2.000 30.00 0 .276E+08 .927E+o?
13.0C0 32.000 -1648+C6 .5 47E+0 5
13.000 .375 32.000 .453E+06 .t5tE+06
13.000 .5C0 32.000 .9 29 E+ 06 .3'l0E+06
13.000 .625 32.000 .375 -1628+07 .541E+06
13.000 32.000 .?56E+07 .E53E+06
13.000 1.0c0 32 .000 .375 .5?6E +07 .175Er07
15.000 t.25D 52.000 .375 .91E8+07 .3068t07
13.000 I .500 32 .00 0 .145E+08 .483E+07
13 .000 1.750 32.O0D .375 .213E+08 .710 E+O7
13.000 2 .000 32.000 .297 E+08 .991Er07
't3.000 3 6.000 .37 5 .185E+C6 .d18E+05
13.000 .t75 36.00 0 .511E+06 .170E+06
13.000 .500 36.00 0 .37 5 .105E+07 .350E+06
13.000 .625 36.00 0 .1838+07 .611E+06
15.000 .750 36.000 .375 .289E+07 .9648+06
13.000 I .000 I6.000 .37 5 .591E+07 .t 9EEr07
15.000 1.250 36.00 0 .1048+08 .346Er07
13.000 1.500 36.000 - t 64E+0E .545E+07
13.000 1.750 36.000 .375 .2 40E +0E .E02€r07
13.000 2.000 36.00 0 .375 .336Er08 .112Er08
13.000 40.000 .375 .?07E+06 .6E9 E +05
13.000 40.000 .570E+06 .190E+06
13.000 .500 40.000 .117 E+07 .390E+06
13.000 .625 40 .00 0 .2048+07 .68tE+06
l3 .000 .750 40 - 000 .375 .3228+ 07 .107E+07
13 .0 00 1.000 40.000 -662E+07 .?21E+07
13.000 1 .250 40.000 . 1 16 E+08 .385 E+0 7
13.000 1 .500 40.000 .375 .'l82E108 .608Er07
13.000 1.750 40 .000 .375 .268E+08 .893E+07
13.000 2-0c0 40.000 .374E+08 .'l ?5E+08
13.000 -?50 4E.00 0 .249 E+ 06 .831E+0 5
13.000 .37 5 4E.000 .s75 .687E+06 .?29E+o5
13.C00 .500 48.000 -375 .141E+07 .470E+06
13 .000 4E.000 .246E+07 .821E+06
't5.000 .7 50 48.000 .375 .389 a+07 .130E+07
't3.000 1.000 48.000 .7988+ 07 .?668+O7
13.000 46.000 .375 . 1J9E+08 -4648107
13 .000 . t00
'1 48.000 .220E+08 .733E +07
13.000 1.750 48.000 .323E+ oE .1088108
1t.0c0 2.000 48.000 .451E+0E .1 508+08
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels

Table 6-l
Continued
ROTA STIfF CALCULAIIOI'1, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZLE ZLE ROT STIF IN.L8/DEG

NOZ
0DrfT TC K,IN 0D,I N TCK,IN INPLANE OUIPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

14 .000 -250 2.375 .154 .1 00E+05 .333E+04

4.000
't 2.375 .'t54 .?76a+O5 .9'18€+04
14.000 .500 ?.375 .15 4 .5668 | A5 .189E+05
14.000 .625 z .375 .154 .9888+05 -329E+05
14.0CC ?.375 .156E+06 .5?0E+05
14.000 1.000 2.375 .320E+06 -107E+46
14. 000 1-258 2.375 .154 .559E+46 .1E6E+06
't4.000 1.5C0 2.375 .154 .EE?E+06 .29 4E + 06
't4.000 1.750 .154 .130E+07 .432E+0{i
14.000 z. 000 2.375 .154 .181E+07 .6O3ErO6
14.000 f.500 -216 .l 49 E+0 5 .496E+O4
14.000 3 .500 .2't6 .4t08.05 .137E+05
14.600 .500 3.500 -?16 .842E+05 .281 E+0 5
14.000 .625 . ?16 .117E+ 06 .490Er05
14,000 3.500 .216 .2328+O6 .7738+05
t 4 .000 1 .000 1.500 .216 .176E+06 .159E+06
14.000 't .2 50 -216 .E32€+06 .277a +O6
'| 4.O00 .'131E+o7 .437E+06
14.000 1.750 3.500 .216 .193€+07 .643E+06
14.000 2 .000 3 .500 .?16 .269 E+ 07 .8988+06
14.000 4.500 -237 . 'l97E+ 05 .655E+04
14.000 .375 4.500 .237 .542F+05 .1818+05
14.000 .500 4.500 .1118+06 .371E+Os
't4-000 .6?5 4. 500 .237 .194E+06 .64E E +05
14 .000 .750 4 .500 .306€+06 .102E +C6
14.000 1.000 4.500 .629E+06 .?108+06
14,C00 '| .250 4 .500 .237 .1 10f+07 .3 66E+ 0 6
I 4.00 0 1.500 4.500 .237 .173E+07 ,5788+06
14.000 1.750 4 .500 .237 .255E+07 .850E106
14 .000 2. 000 4 .500 .3568+07 .119E+O7
t 4 .000 6.625 .280 .299E+i5 .996 E +04
14.000 .280 .E23E+05 .27 4E+O5
'| 4.000 .50b 6.625 .169E+06 .561Er05
14.000 .295E+A6 .9E48+05
14.000 6.6?5 .280 .466E+06 .155E+06
'| 4.00 0 1.000 6.525 .280 .956E+06 .319Er06
14.000 1.250 6.625 .28 0 .1678+07 .557E+06
14.000 1. 500 6.625 -2E0 .2638 + 07 .678€+06
14.000 1 .750 - z6u .387E+0? .129 E+07
t4.000 2. 000 6.625 .2E0 .541E+07 .tE0E+07
14.000 .3958+05 .132E+0 5
14.000 .375 -322 . I 09 E+06 .363E+05
14.000 .500 E .625 -3?2 .223E+06 .7 14 E+05
14-000 .62' .390E+06 .'130E+06
11.0AA 8 -625 .322 .615E106 .205E+06
14.0C0 1 .000 .1268r07 .421 €+0 6
14.000 1.250 8.625 .322 .2218+07 .736E+96
'r4.000 1.500 .318E +07 .116E+O7
14.000 I .625 .322 .5'128+07 .171E+07
14.000 2.000 8.6?5 -322 .715E+ 07 .238E+07
14.000 .250 '| 0.750 .5 65 .497E+85 .166E+05
t 4.000 10.750 .3 65 .'l37E+06 .457 E+05
I 4.000 .500 10.750 .281E+06 .937E+05
14.000 -625 1 0.750 .365 .491E+06 .164E+06
't4.000 10.750 .7 7 5E+ A6 .258E+06
14.000 t .000 10.750 ,365 .159E+07 .530E+06
14 .000 1.250 10.750 .?7EE+ol .926E+O6
14.000 1.500 1 0. 750 .438E+07 .146E+07
't4.000 1.750 10.750 .6 45E+07 .215E107
14.000 2.000 10. 750 .9008+07 .300E+07
r4 .000 12.750 .375 .596E+05 .199E+05
14 .000 1? .750 .165E+06 . 549€+0 5
14.000 .500 .336E+06 -113E+06
154 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIfF CALCULATIOI,IT CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZ LE I{OZZLE RO' STI F I}I.18/DEG

OD'F1 TCXTIN 0D,Itl ICK,I N INPLANE OUTPLANE
STD LON6I C IRCU

14 .000 .625 12.750 .5918+06 .197E+O6

14.000 .750 12.750 .375 .932 E+06 .311E+06
14.000 I .000 12.750 .375 .191E+O7 .638e+06
14.000 1.250 12.750 .375 .3J4€+07 -111E+07
14.000 1 .500 12.750 .527E+07 .176E+O7
14.000 1. ?50 12.750 .7 75E + 07 .258E+07
14.000 2.000 1?.750 .375 .'l0E€+08 .361E+07
t4.000 -250 I 4.000 .375 .662E+05 .221Ero5
14.000 t 4 .000 .375 .182E+06 .608 Er05
14.0C0 14.000 .375 .3? 4E+06 .125E+06
14.000 .625 t 4.000 .t7 5 .654E+06 -21EE+06
| 4.00 0 .750 I 4.000 .37t . t 05E r07 .3448r06
I 4.00 0 1.000 14.000 .375 .21?E+07 -706E+O6
14.000 1.250 14.000 -375 .370Ei07 .123E+O7
14.000 1.500 14.000 .375 .583E+07 .194E+07
14.000 1.750 14.0C0 .375 .8 58 E+07 .?E6E+07
14.000 2.000 t 4 .000 .375 . t 20E+ 08 .399E+07
14.000 .2to 16 .000 .764E+05 .255E+05
14.000 .375 16.000 .375 .2108+06 .70?E+05
14.000 .500 16 - 000 .37 5 .432E+06 -1418+46
I 1.000 .625 16.000 -375 .7 558+06 .25?E+O 6
t 4.000 1 6.000 .375 .119E+07 .397E+O6
t 4.000 1.000 16.000 .37 5 .2 448+07 .8'l5E+06
14.000 1-?50 16.000 .375 .427e+O7 .142E+O7
14 .000 I .500 '| 6.000 .375 . (r7 4E+07 .225E+O7
14.000 1.750 I 6.000 .375 .990E+07 .330Ero7
r4.000 2.000 'l 6 .000 .375 .138E+08 .461E+o7
14.000 .250 18.000 .866Ei05 .289E+05
14.000 .375 18.000 .375 .239 t +06 .796 E+C 5
14.000 .500 1E.000 .375 .490E+06 .163E+06
14.000 .625 IS-000 .37 5 .8t6E+06 .2E5E+06
14.000 .750 16.000 .135E+o? .450E|06
74.OOO '1 .000 18.000 .37 5 .277E+07 .924E+O6
14.000 1.250 '18.000 -484E+07 .16'l E+O?
14 .000 1.500 18.000 .375 .7 64E+O7 .255E+07
14.000 1.750 18.000 .112€+08 .37 4E+07
14.000 2.000 16 -000 .37 5 .157E+08 .523E+O7
14.000 .250 20 .000 .375 .96E E + 05 .3238+O5
14.000 20 .000 .2c7a+ B6 .890E+05
14.000 . 500 20.000 .375 .548E+06 .183E+06
11.000 .625 20.000 .957E+06 .519E+06
14 .000 .750 20.000 .151E+07 .503E+06
| 4.000 1.000 2 0 .000 .310E+07 -10f8+07
14.000 1 .250 20.000 .37 5 .5 41E+07 .180€+07
14.000 I .500 20.000 .375 .854E+07 .265E+07
'l4.000 1.750 20.000 .126E | 08 .41E E +0 7
I 4.000 2.000 20.000 .375 .l ?5E+08 .5848+07
14.000 -750 2? .000 .107F106 .357E+05
14.000 .37 5 22 .000 .295E+06 .984E+05
14.000 .500 22.000 .37 5 - 606E + 06 .2OZE+Oa
t 4.000 .625 22.000 .375 .106E+07 .3538i06
14.000 22 - 000 .'l67E+07 - 5 56E+ 06
14,000 1.000 22.000 .343E+07 .114E+07
14.000 1.250 22 -OOO .37 5 .599Ei07 .?00Er07
14.000 'l .50c 22 .0C 0 .37 5 .9 44E+ 07 .315E+O7
't4.000 1-750 22 .000 .375 .139E+08 .463E+07
14.000 2.000 22.000 .t94E+0E .616E+07
14.000 .250 24 .000 .375 .1 17 E+o6 .5918+05
14.000 .375 24.000 .37 5 .323€+06 .108E+06
't 4.000 .500 2 4 .000 .315 .6648+e6 .221E+O6
14.000 .625 2 4.000 .116E+07 .386E+06
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 155

Table 6-1
Conlinued
ROTA STIFF CALCULATIONT CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL NOZZLE NOZZL€ ROT STIF IN.L8/OEG

v€ssEL INPLANE OUTPLANE
OD,FT TCKrItl OD,IN TCK'IN
LOTIGI CIRCU
STD

.000 .7 50 24.000 .37' .1838+07 -610E+06

.125E +o?
14
14.000 1 .000 24 .000 .375 .375E+07
14.0C0 1.254 24.000 .375 .656E+0? -219 E+07
4.000 't.500 24.000 .375 .'103E+08 .345E+07
1
14.000 1.750 24.000 -3?5 .152E+08 .507E+07
14.000 2. 000 24.000 .375 .2',12E+08 .708E+07
14.000 26.000 .375 . 128E+06 .425E+05
I 4.000 ?6.000 .375 .551E+06 -117E+06
.Z1j
14,000 .500 26.000 .375 -7?2Eta6 E+O6

14.000 .625 26.000 .375 .1?6E+O7 .420 E+0r5

.663E+06
14.000 .7 50 26.000 -375 .'1998+07 lir
14.000 1.000 26.000 .375 .408[+07 .136E+0 7
14.000 1.250 26.000 .375 -7'l3E+O7 .238€+07
14.000 1 .500 26.000 .375 . '1 12s+08 .375ErO7
:t
't4.000 1.750 26.000 .3?5 -1659+08 .551E+07
'I 4.00 0 2. 000 26.U00 .375 .231 E+08 -7708+A7
14 .000 28.000 .375 .13E€+06 .459E+05 t|j

'l 4 .000 28 .000 .375 .380E+06 .j27E+06 {

't4.000 .500 28.000 .375 .779E+O6 .260E +0 6
.375 .136E+07 - 45 4E +O6
't 4.000 .625 28 -000 ils
14 .000 2E.000 .375 .2158ra7 -7168+06 '{l
28 .000 .375 .4418+07 -14?E +O7
14.000 I .000
14.000 'l -?50 28.000 .3?5 .770E+47 .ZS7E+47
14.000 1 .500 28.000 .375 .1?2E+08 .4o58+o7
t /, .000 1 .750 28.000 .3?5 .1798+08 .595E+07
.831E+07
14.000 2.000 28.000 -375 .249E+08 i!
't4.000 . ?50 30.00 0 .375 .'l18E+06 .493E+05
14.000 .375 30.000 .37t '408E+06 .'1368+06
14 .000 30.000 .375 .637E +06 .2798+06
30.000 .375 .146Et07 .488E.06
14.000
'14.000 .7 50 l0 .000 .375 .231E+O7 .769 E +06
j
,\
.375 .47 4E+A? . 588 +02
14.000 I .000 30.000
14-000 1.250 30 .00 0 .375 .AZ7E+Ol -276E+O7
14 .000 1.500 30,000 .3'15 .131E+08 -435e+O7
14.000 30.00 0 .375 .192E+OB -640E+O7
.89fE+07
t 4 .000 2. 000 30.00 0 .3?5 .268E+0E
t 4.000 32.000 .375 .1 58E++0606 .jAEE+05
I 4.000 .t75 f2.000 .375 .4368 .145€+06
14.o00 .500 32.000 .3?5 .695E+06 .29EE+O6
14.000 .625 32.000 .3?5 -'156E++O707 ,521F+06
14.000 32.000 .3?5 .?47E .8228+06
.169E +Oz
14.000 'l .000 32.000 -375 - 506Er07
14.000 'I .2 50 32.000 .3?5 -8858t07 .295E+07
14 .0 00 1 .500 32.000 .375 .140E+08 .465E+07
14.000 1.750 32.00c .375 .205E+08 -684E+07
.9558+07
14.000 2.000 32.000 -375 .286E+08
I 4 .000 .250 36.000 .375 .179E+06 .596E+05
14.000 .375 36.000 .375 .493E+06 .164€+06
14.000 .500 3 6.000 .375 .101 E+07 .33?E+06
14.000 .6?5 36.000 .175 .177E+o7 .589E+06
14.000 .750 36.00c .375 .279E+07 .929E+06
14.000 'l .000 36 .00 0 .375 .57?E+o7 .19',l E+07
14.000 36.000 .375 .999E+07 . i33E+07
't 4.000 I .500 36.000 .375 .'t 5EE+ 08 .525E+07
14.0c0 1.750 36.000 .375 '232E+08 .772E+O7
t 4.000 2. 000 36.000 .3?5 .3 24E + 08 .'t08€+08
'l 4 .000 40 .000 .375 .199€+06 ,664E+05
'14,000 40.000 .375 .549E+06 .'183E+06
.3t6E+86
14.000 .500 40.000 .373 .113E+07
t 4 .00c .64> 40 .000 .375 .197 s+o7 .656E+06
11.000 .7 50 40.000 .375 .311E+07 .104E+07
 156 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Contlnued
ROTA STTfF CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL

VESSFL VESSEL N0zeLe NOZZLE ROT STI F II{.LB/DEG

OD,FI lcKrIN OD,IN TCK,IN INPLANE OUTPLAI{E
STD LO}JGI CIRCU

1 .000 40 .000 .638E+07 -?13E +O7

14.000 1 .250 40.000 - 11'l E+C8 .3718+O?
14.000 t .500 40.000 .1?6E+08 .586r+07
I 4.000 1 .750 40.000 .2 58Er 08 .861E107
14.0C 0 2.000 40.000 .36'l E+08 .120Ef08
14.000 .2 50 48.000 -21OE+06 .8 0l Er05
.37 5 48 .000 .662E+o5 -221e+O6
14.000 .500 48.000 .t7t .1f,6E+07 ,4 53 E+0 6
't4.000 .625 46.000 .237E+07 .791E+O6
I 4.000 .750 48.000 .375 .3? 4e+07 .125Er07
14.000 1.000 {8.000 .7 69E+07 .256E+O7
14.000 1.2t0 48.000 .375 .1 34E+08 -418E+O?
14.000 1.500 4E .000 .375 .212E+08 .706Er07
14.000 48 .00 0 .37 5 .311 E+08 .104E10E
14.000 48.000 .375 .435€+08 .'l 45 Fro8

'15.000 .250 2.375 .151 .9 668+04 .3?2E+O4

15.000 2.375 .154 .?66E +05 .887E+04
15 .000 .500 ?.375 .151 .546€r05 .1E28+05
q; .3t8E+05
ir I 5.000 .625 2.375 .,t 54 .955E+05
't 5.000 2-375 .154 .151E+06 .502E+05
r5.000 I .000 2.375 .15 4 .309E.06 .103E+06
F
15.000 1.250 2.375 .154 .540E+06 -1808+06
lt 1 5.000 I .500 ?.375 .154 .8 52 E+ 06 .2848+06
1
15.000 1.758 2.375 .154 -1?5E+07 - 117E+O6
1 5.000 2.000 2.375 .154 .175e+07 .583E+06
I 5.000 3.500 -2't6 .144E+ 05 .479E+O4
tl 't 5.000 .375 3 .500 .?16 .396€+ 05 .13?E+os
15.000 .500 3 .500 .216 .813E+05 .271E+05
i 't 5.000 5.500 -216 .1l?E+06 .473E+O5
15.000 . ?50 3.500 .216 .2248+06 .7 47E+05
15.000 1.000 5.500 .216 . 460E + 06 .153E+06
15-000 1.250 3.500 .216 .803E+06 .268E+06
t 5 .000 1.500 3.500 -716 .1278+ 07 .422E+06
15.000 3.500 .216 .1E6€+07 .621Er06
15.000 2.000 3.500 .216 .260E + 07 .8 67 E +06
'l 5.00 0 .250 4. 500 .23? . l908+05 .633E+04
15 .000 .375 4 .500 .237 -523E+05 .17 4E+A5
15.000 .500 4.500 .?3? .107€+06 .358E+05
1 5.000 .625 4.500 .l8EE+06 .626E+O5
15.000 4.500 .296E+06 .987E+05
15.000 1 .000 4. 500 .23? .60EE+06 .203E+06
15.000 1.250 4.500 .237 . t06€+07 .354E+06
I 5.000 1.500 4.500 .237 .1 67 E +O7 ,558Er06
15.000 4. 500 .237 .2 468+07 .621E+06
15.000 2.000 4-500 .3 44E+ 07 .115e+O7
I 5.000 .250 6.625 .280 .2898+05 .9 62E+04
15.000 .37 5 .?80 .795r + 05 -265E+O5
t 5.000 .500 6.625 .280 .1 63E+ 06 .544E+O5
15.000 .625 6.625 .280 .285€+06 .951Er05
I 5.000 .7 50 6.625 .2EO .450 E+06 .150€+06
15.00 0 1.000 6 .625 .924E+ 06 .308E+06
15.000 1.250 6.625 .28 0 .161E+07 .538E+06
't5.000 1.500 6 -6?5 .2E0 .255E+07 .848E+06
I 5.000 1.750 6.625 .2 E0 .37 4E+07 -125E+07
I 5.000 2.000 6.625 .280 .522e+07 .174E+07
15.000 .2 50 .322 .3E1€+05 .127E+05
t 5 .000 a.625 .t22 .105E+06 -350E+05
15.000 6 -62> ,322 .216E+06 .719E+O5
15.000 .625 a .625 .3?? .377 E+06 .1?6E +06
 '157
Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels

Table 6-1
Continued

ROTA STIFF C ALC ULATI0N' CYL ' VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEI NOZZLE NO?ZLE ROT STIf IN.LB/DEG

OD,FT ICKTIN 0D,IN TCK,IN INPLANF OUTPLANI
STD LONGI CIRCU

15.000 .750 8 .625 .322 .595E+06 .198E+06

15.000 .000 8 .625 .322 .1228 +O7 .407F+06
15.000 .250 8.625 .322 .213E+o7 .711E+O6
5.000
't .500 a.625 -322 .336E+07 .1'l ?E+O 7
15.000 .7 50 .322 .494E+07 .'165E+07
.000
't 5 2 .000 8.675 .322 .690E+07 .238E+O7
15 .000 .2 to 10.750 .365 .4 80E + 05 .160E+05
l5 .000 10.750 -365 .13?E+O6 - 4 41E +O5
15.000 .500 1A.750 .36' .272E+A6 .906€+05
15.000 .62' 10.750 .3 65 .475E+ 06 .'t5EE+06
15.000 ,7 50 '10.750 .365 .7 49E+O6 .25OElo6
15.000 1 .000 10.750 .365 .154E+O7 .512E + O6
15 .000 1.250 1 0 .750 .365 .268E+07 .895E+06
15 .000 1.500 I 0. 750 .365 .4248+07 .'11'lE+O7
t5.000 'l .750 '1o.750 .365 -623E +O7 .208E+07
:
I t .000 2. 000 10 .750 .36 5 .869E+07 .290E+07
15.000 .250 12.750 .375 .578E+05 .193E+05 ,l
i:
'15.000 12 .750 .3?5 .159E+06 .530E+05
'15.000 .500 12.750 .375 .32? E+ 06 .t09E+06 "l

15.000 12 .750 .375 .5?1E+ 06 .190E+06

15.000 .7 50 12 -750 .375 .900E+06 .300E+06 t\
J5.000 1 .0c0 12.750 -375 .16 5 E+ 07 .616E+06
15.000 12 .750 -375 .323E+a7 .108E+07
15.000 1.500 '12.750 .375 .5C9E+07 .170E +A7
15 .000 1.750 12.750 .375 .7198+07 .250E+07
15.000 2. 000 12.750 .375 .105E+08 .34EE+07 r{
15.008 .250 '14 .000 .375 .639E+05 .2't 3E+0 5
15.000 14.000 .375 .17 6E+06 -587E+05
15.000 .500 1/,.000 .375 .3 62 Ei 06 .1?1E+O6 I
15.000 1 4 ,000 .375 .632E+06 .2'l1E+O6
'15.000 .7 50 14.000 .375 .996E+06 .332E+0 6
15 .000 .000 I 4. 000 .375 .205E+07 .682E+06
15.000 .250 14.000 .375 .357E+07 .119E +o?
15.000 .500 14.000 .375 -564E+07 .188E+07
t 5.000 .7 50 14.000 -375 .829E+07 .27 6E+07
15.000 2-000 14.000 .375 .116E+08 .386E+07
15 .0C0 .250 16 .000 -375 .738 € + 05 -216E+O5
'15.000 16.000 .375 -203E+06 .678E+05
15.000 .500 16.000 .375 .417 E+o6 .119 E+06
1s-0c0 I 6 .000 -375 .7 Z9E+O6 .?43e+O6
15 .000 .? 50 16.000 -375 .115F+07 .3838+06
15.000 1 .000 1 6.000 -3_tj .236E+O7 .787E+06
't 5 .000 't.?50 16.000 .375 .4138+07 .138€+07
15.000 1.500 1 6.000 .375 .65'l E+D? .217 E+07
15.000 1.750 16.000 .375 -957E+07 .319E+07
15 .000 2 .000 1 6.000 -375 .1J4E108 .4 4tE+01
'15.000 1 .000
8 .375 .837E+05 -?79E+05
15.000 18.0C0 -375 .231E+06 .769E+05
15 .000 t8-000 .375 .4738+ 06 .158E+06
15 .000 .625 18.000 .375 .827Ei 06 .?7 6E+o6
15.000 .7 50 't 8.000 .3?5 .130 E +0 7 .435E+06
15.000 1 .000 13 .000 .375 .21EE+07 .893€]06
't5.0c0 1,258 16 .000 .375 .4688+07 .156E+07
t 5.000 'I .500 18.000 .375 .738E+O7 -216E+07
15.000 1 .750 18.000 .375 .1oEE+08 .362E+O7
'l .000
5 2 .000 't 8.000 .375 . 1 51E108 .505E+07
1 5 .000 20.000 .3?5 .936E+05 .t1?E+O5
I 5 .000 20 .000 .375 .258E+06 .859E+05
15.000 .500 20.000 .375 .529E+06 .17 6a+06
15.000 20.o00 .3tj .925!+06 .308E+06
15.000 .750 20 .008 .375 .146E+07 .486€+06
158 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
R0TA SIIFF CALCULATIOIte CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL vEss€L l{oztLE OZZL€ ROT STI F II{. LB/ DEG

0DrFT TC(rIN 0D,IN lcKelt{ INPLANE 0UTPLANE
STD LON6I CIRCU

15.000 t -000 20.000 .375 .299€+07 .998 E r0 6

r5.000 1.?50 20.000 .375 .52tE+ 07 .17 4E+O7
15 .000 1.500 20.000 .375 .825 E+07 .275E+07
15.000 1.750 20.000 .375 .1 2l E+08 .404ErO7
15.000 2.000 20.000 .375 .169 E+0E .565E+07
15.000 .2 50 22.000 .375 .103E+06 -345E+05
15.000 .37 5 ??.000 .375 .285E+06 .950E+05
15.000 .500 z2.ooo .375 .565E+06 .19 5e+06
15.000 .625 22.000 .375 .102E+ 07 .541Er06
15.000 .7 50 22.000 .375 .1 61 E+07 .538E+06
15 .0 00 1 .000 z2-ooo .375 .331e+O7 -110E+07
15.000 1.254 22.OOO -375 .5788+07 .19f,E+07
15.000 1 .500 ?2.000 .375 .9'l 2 E+ 07 .J04E+07
15.C00 1.750 22 .000 -37 5 .134E+08 .447E+07
15.000 ?.000 22.OOO -375 , I E7E+ 0E -624E+O7
15.000 .250 24 .00 0 .375 .1 13E+06 .578 E +0 5
r5.000 .37 24.OOO .375 .312E+06 . t 048+06
1 5.00 0 '
. 500 24.000 .375 .641 E+06 .214E+O6
15.000 .625 24.000 .3?5 .112E+O7 .373 E+06
15.000 .750 24.000 .37 5 .17?t+ 07 .5E9Ef06
t 5.000 1 .000 2 4.000 . 363 8.0 7 .721E+O7
I 5.000 1.250 24,000 .375 .6348.07 . zl t E+q7
I 5.00 0 I .500 24.000 .375 .999E+07 .333 E +07
15.000 1.750 24.000 .3?5 .147Er08 .490E +07
15.000 2.000 2 4.000 .375 - ?05 E+08 .684E +07
15.000 . ?50 2 6.000 .37' . 12f,Ef 05 .4llE+05
15.000 26.000 .375 .340€+06 .t13Er06
t5.000 .500 26.000 .375 .697E+06 .232e+O5
1 5,000 -625 26.000 .37 5 .122t+O7 .406E+06
15.000 .7 50 26.000 .3?5 .192E+O7 .6408+05
I 5.000 1.000 26.000 -375 .39 4E +O7 .131E+07
15.000 1 .250 26.000 .175 .689E+07 .23OE+O7
15.000 I .500 26.000 .375 .109Er08 -362E+O7
15.000 1.759 26 -OOO .375 .1 60E+0E .532E+O7
15.000 2.000 26.000 .375 .2?3E+08 .714E+07
t5.000 .250 28.000 .133E+06 .444E+05
15.000 .t75 28 .000 .375 .367E +06 .122e+O6
15.000 .500 28.000 .7538+ 06 -251E+06
15.000 .625 28.000 -375 .132E+07 .438 E+06
| 5.000 .7 to 28.000 .375 .20EE+0? .692E+06
t 5 .000 't .000 2E.000 .37 5 .426E+o? .1 42E +0 7
'15.000 1.250 2E .000 .? 44E+0? .248e+o?
15 .000 1.500 ?E.000 -375 .117E+08 .391E+07
15.000 1.750 28.000 -375 .173Ef06 .575e+07
15.000 2.000 28,000 .t75 .241E+A8 .803 Er 0 7
15.000 .250 30.000 -375 . t 43E+ 06 .477E+O5
15.000 .375 30 .00 0 .375 .394€+06 .131 Eio6
,|
5.000 30.000 .375 .809 E+06 .270Er06
15 .0 00 .625 30.000 .t75 .141El07 .4718+06
5.000
't .75A 30 .000 .375 .223E+07 .743ErO6
15.000 1.000 30.00 0 -375 .4588+07 .153E+07
15.000 1.250 30.000 .375 .799E+07 .z66ErO7
15.000 t.5c0 30.000 .375 .126E+0E .420 E+ 0 7
15.000 1.750 30.000 .375 .185E+06 .618E+07
15.000 2.000 30.000 .375 .2 59E+ 08 .863 € +0 7
15.000 .250 3 2.000 -375 .J .510Efo5
15.000 .375 32.000 .375 .421E+06
'f,E+06 .140E+06
I 5.00 0 .500 52.000 .375 .865Er06 .28EE+06
15.000 .625 32 .000 .37 5 .'l5l€+07 .504E+06
15.000 .750 32.000 -375 .238E+07 - 7948r05
'15 .000 1.000 5 2.000 .489E+07 .t 65Elo7
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 159

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTr STTFF CALCULATION, ClL. V€SSEL

v€ssEL VESS€L NOZILE NOZZLE ROT STI F IN.L8/DEG

OD,FT TCK,IN OD,IN TCKTIN INPLANE OUTPLANE
STD LONGI C IRCU

5.000
't 1 .250 32 .000 -375 .855E+07 -285E+07
15.00c 1.500 32.000 .135E+0E .449Er07
15.000 1.750 32 .00 0 .375 .'198E+08 .661E+07
't 5. 000 2.000 3 2.000 .27 7 E+ 08 .923E+07
15 .000 I6 -000 .375 .'17 3E + 06 .576E+05
15.000 36.000 .51> .4768+06 .159E+06
1 5 .000 .500 f6.000 .37 5 .977E+A6 .326E+o6
'l 5 .000 36.000 .171E +07 . 569 E +06
15.000 .7 50 36.000 .2 69 Er A7 .897E+06
15.000 .000 36 .00 0 -375 .553E+07 .184E+07
'| 5.000 3 6.000 .37 5 .9 658+07 .32?E+07
t 5,c00 . >uu 36.000 .152E+CE .50E8+07
15-000 36.000 .221E + 08 .746E+O7
15.000 2.000 3 6.000 .313E+08 .10/rEr08
15.000 40 .000 .192Ei06 .612E+O5
15.000 40.000 .530E+06 .177E+o6
15.000 .500 40.000 .s75 .109 E+ 07 .363E+06 tl'l
15.000 40 ,000 ,190F+07 .634€+06 "J

1 5.000 40.000 .5rt .3008+07 .100Er07

'l5 .00c 1.000 40 .000 .6168+Ol .?o5E+07
15.00c 1. ?50 40.000 .375 .108E+08 -319e+o7
15.000 1.500 40.000 .1708+08 .566E+O7
15 .000 1.750 40 .000 .250E+08 .832E+47
15.000 2.000 40.000 .348E+08 .1168+08
15.000 48 .000 .?32E+O6 .7748+O5 5r
15.000 ,/.8.000 .37 5 .639 E+ 06 .?13E+O6
't 5 .000 .500 48.000 .1318+07 .438€+06
15 .000 .625 4E .000 .2?9E+a7 .7 64E+O6 5;
15.000 48.000 -5t> -362E 07+ .121E+07
15 .000 '| .000 46 .000 .713E+ 07 .24EE+o7
1.250 .000 .'l 30E +08 .43?E +07 ft
15.000 4E
15 .000 48.000 .375 .205E+08 .682E+Oz
15.000 1.750 48.000 .375 .301 E+08 .1008+08
I 5 .000 2. 000 1E .000 .315 .420E+08 . t 40E+08

16.000 2.375 .935E+04 .3'l2E+04

16.000 2.375 .15 4 .258E+05 .859E+0rr
16.000 .500 2.375 .15 4 .529E+05 .1 76E+05
16.000 2.375 .154 .924E+05 .308E+05
1 6.00 0 2.375 .154 .1 46E+06 .486E+05
t 6.000 1.000 2-375 .15 4 .299E+06 .998E+05
16.000 1.250 2.375 .15 4 .5238+06 .17 4E+o6
16.000 1 .500 ?.175 .154 .8258+06 .275E+A6
1 6.000 1.750 2.375 .154 .121E+07 .404E+06
'| 6.000 2 .000 2.375 -154 . t 69E+07 .5 64E. O 6
16.000 3.500 . 1l9E +05 .16LE+04
1 6.000 3-500 .216 .3E3E+05 .128E+05
16.000 .500 3.500 -2't6 .787E+05 ,262 E+0 5
16.000 .625 3 .500 .216 .13EE+06 .45EE+05
't 6 .000 .7 50 3.500 .216 .217E+06 .7?3E+05
't6.000 1.000 3.500 .216 . 4 45 E+06 .14EE+06
'| 6.000 1.250 .216 . 778 E+ 06 .259E+06
16.000 1 .500 3-500 .?16 . t 25 E+ 07 .409E+06
16.000 1.7t0 3.500 -216 -l E0€+07 .601 E+0 6
16.00 0 2.000 3.500 .?'t6 .252E+07 .840E+06
16.000 .2 50 4.500 .237 .1E48+05 -6'l3E+04
16.000 4.500 .237 .507E+05 .'l 69 E+0 5
16.000 .5C0 4.500 .237 .104E+06 .3478+05
't6.000 4.500 .'182E+06 .606E+05
1 6.000 .7 50 4. 500 .237 .287E+06 .956E+05
160 Piping Stress Handbook

Table eFl
Continued
ROTA STrrF CALcULATIONT CYL. vESSEL

V ESS EL VESSEL NOZZLE NOZ2LE ROI STIF IN.L8/DEG

OD,fT TCK,IN ODEIIi TCK'IN INPLANE OUTPLAN€
STD LONCI CIRCU

16.000 1.000 4.500 .?37 .589E+06 .196E+06

r 6.000 1.250 4. 500 .237 .1038+07 .343E+06
16.000 I .500 4. 500 -162e+07 .5 4l Ei06
16.000 1.750 4. 500 .237 .238r+07 .795E+O6
I 6.00 0 2. 000 4.500 .237 .335E+07 .111E+07
16.000 .250 6.6?5 .280 .?79E+05 .932E+04
16.000 .375 6.625 .280 .770E+05 .257E+O5
16.000 .500 6.625 .280 . 158E+05 .527Ero5
16.000 6.625 -280 .276F,+O6 .9?1E+05
16 .000 .7 50 6.625 . ?80 .4368+06 .145E+06
16.000 1.000 6.625 .280 .894Er 06 .298E+06
16.000 1.250 6.625 .280 .156E +07 .521Er06
16.000 'l .500 6.6?5 .280 .2 46E+ 07 .821E|06
16.000 1.750 6.625 .362€+07 .121E+O7
16.000 2.000 6.625 .2E0 .506E+07 .1 69 E+ 07
16.000 .?50 8 .625 .322 .369E+05 .123E+05
16.0 0 0 I .625 .3?2 .t02E+06 .339E+0 5
16.0c0 .500 a .625 .t2? .2C9 E +06 -696E+05
16.000 -625 4.625 .322 .365E+06 .1?2E+06
16.000 I .625 .32? .576E+06 .192E}06
16.000 I .000 8.625 -322 .ll8E+07 -394r+06
I 6.00 0 1.250 4.6?5 .322 .206E+07 .688E +06
16.000 1.500 8 .625 .3?Z .3268+07 .109E f0 7
16.000 1 .750 4.625 .322 .479E+o7 .160E+0?
16.0C0 2.000 4.625 .322 -669Er07 .223E+07
16.000 - z)u 10.750 .365 .165E+05 .155E+05
16.000 10 .750 .365 .1 28E+ 06 .4?7E+o5
16.000 .500 10.750 .3 65 . 263E +06 .a77ErO5
16.000 .625 10.750 .365 .460E+06 . l53Er06
16.000 .750 10.750 .365 .7?5E+06 .2128+06
16.000 I .000 10.750 .365 .1 49 E+07 .496E+O6
16.000 't .2 50 10.750 .365 .260E+07 .867E+06
't6.000 1.500 10.750 .36 5 .4108 +07 .13? E+07
16.000 1.750 10.750 .365 .603E+07 .201E+g?
16.000 2. 000 10.750 .365 .8 428 +07 .28'lEr07
16.000 .250 12 .7 50 .375 .559Er05 .185E+05
16.000 .37 5 12.75A .375 .'154Er06 .5148+05
16.000 .500 12.750 .375 .316E+06 .1058+06
16.000 12 -750 .3?5 .551E+06 . 1 84 Ef06
16.000 .750 12.750 .37' .8?2E+06 .291E+06
16.0c0 I .000 .37 5 .179E+07 -5968+06
16.000 1.250 12.?50 .375 .3138+07 .1048+07
16.000 J.500 12.?50 -493E+Oz .161E+07
16.000 I .750 12.750 .3?5 .7 25E +07 -2428+O7
16.000 2. 000 1Z .750 .375 .1018+06 .337 E+O7
r6.000 '14 .000 .619E+05 .2068+05
'l6.000 1 4.00 0 .175 .1 71 E+06 . 569 E+0 5
16.000 .500 14.000 .350E+06 .1 l7E +06
16.000 .625 14.000 .6'l2E+06 .2848+06
16.000 14.000 .965E+06 .322E +o6
16.000 1.000 1 4 .000 .1988+07 .660€r06
16.000 1-250 14.000 .375 .3 46E +07 .115€+07
16-000 1.500 14.000 .375 .546Er07 .182E+07
16.000 1.750 I 4.000 .6c2E+07 . ?67E +o7
16.00c 2 .000 14.000 .1 'l ?E+08 .373E+07
16.00c 1 6.000 .7'l5E+05 .2f8E+05
16.000 .37 5 16.000 ,375 .197E+06 .656E.05
16.000 .500 16.000 .404E+06 .135E+06
16.000 .625 1 6.000 .375 .706e+06 .235E+06
t6.000 16.000 .111E+07 .371E+O6
16.000 1.000 16.000 .375 .229E+07 .7 62E+06
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 161

Table 6-1
Continued
ROIA STIFT CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL VE SSEL NOZZLE NOZZL€ ROT SIIf IN.LB/DEG

OD,FT TC II
X,I OD,I N ICK,IN INPLANE OUTPLAIIE
STD LONGI CTRCU

16.000 1-250 16 .000 .399E+07 .131E+o7

16.00 0 1.5C0 'l6.000 .6J0E+07 .?1OE+o7
6.000
't 1.750 l6 ,000 .375 .9 26E+ 07 .3098+07
16.00c 2.000 't 6.000 .1298+08 .431F.D7
16.000 .250 t 8 .000 .B l0Er05 .270E +O5
16.000 18.000 -375 ,22fE+06 .7 44E+O5
16.0 00 .500 18 .000 .458€+06 -153E+06
16.000 .625 1 8 .000 .801E+C6 -?67E+o6
16.000 18.000 .126E+07 .42't e+o6
16.000 J .000 1 E. 000 .259E+ 07 .864E+06
16.000 1.250 18.000 .375 .4538 +07 .151E+07
1 6. C00 1.500 'l E. 000 .711E+07 .?38E+o7
16.000 1.750 1E.000 .105Er08 .3508f07
16.000 2. 000 r8.000 . 147E+0E .4898r07
't6.000 .250 20.000 .906E+05 -3028+05
I 6.000 20 . c00 .250F+06 .832E+05
16.000 .580 20.000 .512€r06 .'171E+06 I
'l6.00 0 20 .000 .895€+06 .298E +06 {
t6.000 .750 20,G00 -'l 4'l E+ 07 .471E+ 0 6
t 6.000 1 .000 20.000 .290E+07 .966E+06
16.000 1.250 20 .000 .506€+07 -169E+07 it
16.00 0 1.500 20.000 .54> .799E + 07 .266E+O7
16.000 1.750 20.000 .117E+08 .391E+0?
16.0 0 0 2,000 20 ,000 .37 5 .164E+08 .547E+07 I
'I 6.00 0 .250 22.aao .1C0E+06 -134E+05
.l
16.000 22.000 .?76E +06 .920E+05
16.c00 .500 22.000 .567E+06 .189E+06
16.000 ?2.000 .375 .990E+06 .330€+06
16.000 .7 50 22.000 .156F+ 07 .5209+06
16.00 0 | .000 2a.000 .3?18+ 07 .107E+07
16.000 1-?50 22.000 .560E+07 .'l87E+07
1 6.000 1.500 22.OD1 .883E+07 -29 4E+07
16.00 0 '| -
750 22.000 .130E +0E .433E+o7
16.0 0 0 2. 000 22.000 .s75 .1 81 E +08 .604E.07
16-000 24. ilo0 .1t0E+06 .366E+05
16.000 24.000 .375 .302E+06 .101E+06
16.000 .500 24.000 .62'l E + o6 .207E+06
16.000 24.000 .108E+07 .361E+06
1 6.000 .7 50 24.OOO .1718 + 07 .570E+O6
16.0C 0 1 .000 24.000 .35'lE+07 .'117E+07
t6-000 1 .250 24.000 .613E +07 .2018+Oz
16.000 I .500 2,6.000 .968E+07 .3238+07
t 6 .000 1 .750 24.000 .142E+08 .47 4E+07
16.000 2 .000 24.000 .199E+08 .66?E.07
16.000 .250 26.000 .375 .1198+06 .398E+05
16.00 0 26 -AOO .329E+06 .110E+06
16.000 26.000 .6758+o6 -225E+06
16.!00 ?6.000 .1'l6E+07 .393E+06
16.000 26 .000 -375 .186E+07 .620E+06
1 6.00 0 1 .000 26.000 .382E+07 .127E +07
'16.000 7.25A 26-000 .37 5 .667E+07 .222E+07
16.000 1.500 26.OOO .'l05E+0E .351E+47
16.00 0 1 .750 26.000 .t55E+08 -516E+O7
16.000 2. 000 26.OOO .216E+08 .7208+O7
16.C00 -250 28.000 -'l29 E+ 06 .430E+05
16.0 0 0 .375 28.000 .355E+06 .1'18 E+06
16.000 .500 28 .000 .729E+06 .243E+06
16.000 .6?5 2E .000 .127E+C7 .425E+C6
16.000 .750 28.000 .201E+07 .6705+06
16.000 I .000 2E .000 .412e+ 07 .137E+a7
16.000 1.250 28.000 .7218+07 .240E+07
162 Piping Slress Handbook

Table 6-1
Contlnued
nOft STIFf CALCULATIONT CYL' VESSEL
VESSEL VE SSEL NOZ Z LE NOZ ZLE ROT STIF IN.LB/DEG
0DeFT TCk,ll{ 0DrIN IcKTIN It{PLAt{E 0UTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

16.000 I . 500 2E.000 .375 .1148+08 .3798+07

16.000 1.750 2E.000 .375 .167E+08 .557 E+O7
16.000 2.000 2E.000 .375 -235E+08 .778E+07
16.000 .250 30 -00 0 .375 .138E+06 .462E+05
t6.000 .375 50.00 0 .375 . f,82E+06 .127E+06
16.000 .500 30.000 .375 .783E+06 .261 E+06
16.000 -625 30.000 .375 .137E+07 .4568+06
16.000 .750 30.000 -375 .216E+o7 .719e+06
16.000 I .000 30.00 0 .375 .4438+07 .148Er07
16.000 1.250 30.00 0 -375 .774E+O? . ? 58 E+07
16.000 1.500 30.00 0 -375 .1 22E+08 .407Er07
16.00 0 1.750 30.000 -375 .'l80E+08 .598€+07
16.000 2.000 30.000 .375 .251E+08 .636E+07
16.000 .250 3 2.000 .375 .1{EEr06 .493 E +0 5
16.000 .375 32.00 0 .r7, .408E+06 -136E+06
16.000 .500 3 e.000 -375 .8378+06 .279E+O6
16.000 -625 32.000 .375 .1468+07 .488€+06
f6.000 . ?50 32.000 -375 .231E+07 .769 E+06
16.000 I .000 3 2.000 -175 .47 4E+07 .'l588+07
1 6.00 0 1.250 32.000 -375 .828Ef07 .27 6E+07
| 6 .000 1.500 52.00 0 .375 . 131 E+06 .435 E+0 7
16.00 0 1 .750 3 2.000 .375 .192Er08 .640€i07
16.000 2.000 52.000 -375 .268E|08 .893Er07
16.000 .250 3 6.000 .375 .'l C7E+O6 .557E+05
t 6.000 .375 36-000 -375 .461E+06 .154E+06
16.000 .500 36.000 -375 .946E+06 .315Er06
16.000 .625 3 6.000 .t75 .'l65E+07 .551 Er0 6
16.000 .750 36.00 0 .375 .2618+07 .8698f06
16.000 1.000 36.00 0 .375 .535E+07 .17AE+07
16.000 1.250 36.00 0 -375 .9 35E+C7 -31?ErO7
16.000 I . t00 36.000 .375 -14?E+Oz .491E+O7
16.C00 I .750 36.000 .375 .217E + 08 -7238+D7
16.000 ?.000 36.000 .375 .303E+08 .101E+0E
16.000 .250 40.000 -315 .186E+06 .621E+05
16.000 .375 40.000 -375 .514E+o6 .'l 71 E+06
16.00c .500 40.000 .375 . '105 E+ 07 .351Er06
r6.000 .625 40.000 .375 . 1948+07 .614E+06
| 6.000 .750 40.000 -375 .291E+oz .968E+06
16.000 1.000 40.000 -375 .596E+O7 .199E+07
1 6.000 I .2 50 40.000 .375 .'l04E+08 .3478+O7
16.000 I . 500 40.00 0 .375 .1648+08 .548Er07
16.000 1.750 40.000 .375 .2 42 E+08 .805E+07
16 .00 0 2.000 40.000 .375 .337E+08 .112E+08
16.000 .250 46.000 -375 .225E+O6 .7 498+OS
16.000 -375 48.000 .375 .619E+06 .2068+06
16.000 .500 48.000 .37t .127t+O7 .424E+O6
t6.c0c -625 48.000 .375 -22?ErO7 .740E+06
t6-000 -750 48.000 .375 .350E+07 .117 E +07
16.00c '| .000 48.000 .375 .719e+O7 .2408+07
16 .000 't.250 48.000 .375 .1?6E+08 .419E+07
16.000 1.500 48.000 .375 .'l9EE+08 .660F+07
16 .00 0 1-750 48.000 .375 - 291 E+08 .971E+07
16.000 2.000 48.000 .375 .4078+08 .136€r0E

17.000 .250 2.375 .154 .907 E+04 .302E+04

17.00c .375 2.375 .154 .250€+05 .E338104
17.000 . 500 2.375 .154 .51fE+05 .171E+05
17.00n .625 2.375 .154 .8978+05 .299€+05
I 7.00 0 .750 2.375 .151 .1 r.1E+06 -471Er05
17.000 1 .000 ?,375 -154 .290 E+ 06 .968 E+0 5
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 163

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIf F CA LCULAT ION, CY L. VE SS €L

VESSEL VESS€L NOZZL€ ZLE ROI SIIF

NOZ IN.LB/DEG
OD. FI TCK,IN OD,IN TCXTINI NPL Allt 0UTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

17.0 0 0 1.250 .15 4 .507E+06 . 1 69 E+06

17.000 I .500 2.375 .15 4 .800E+06 .267 E + O6

1 7.000 1.750 2.375 .154 .1t8E+07 .592€+06

I 7.000 2.000 2.3?5 .'t54 .'l64E+D7 .547 E+O6
17,000 3 .500 .216 .'135E+05 .4508+04
17.000 3.500 .?16 .37 ?E + 05 .1248 +05
17.000 .500 5 .500 .216 .7 64e+05 .255E+05
17.00c 3 .500 .216 .133Er06 .445E+05
17.000 .750 3.500 .2't6 .2'l0E+06 .701E+05
't 7.000 1 .000 3 .500 .?'t6 .432 €+06 .144E+O6
17.00 c 1 .250 5.500 -2't6 .755E+06 .252 E+06 1\
17.000 1 .500 3, q00 .2',16 .119 E + 07 -397E+06
17.000 1.750 3.500 .216 .1758+07 .583E+06
17.000 2.00 0 J .500 -216 .244E+07 .E15E+06
17.0 00 4 .500 .?37 .178E+05 .595E+04
17.000 4.500 .237 .4928+05 -t64E+05
r7.00c .500 4 .500 .237 .101 E+ 06 .33 6E +0 5
17.000 .675 4.500 .237 .176E+06 .588E+05
17.000 4 .500 .237 .27EE+ O6 .9?7E+ 05
17.000 1.000 4 .500 .571E+06 .190E+06
17.000 1.250 4-500 .237 .997F+ E6 .332€+06
't7.000 1.500 /. .500 .157 E+07 .524E+06
't 7.00 0 1.750 .,.500 -237 .231E+07 .771E+O6
17.000 2.000 4. 500 -3?3E+07 .108E+07
17.000 .250 6.625 .280 .271t+05 .904E+04
17.OA0 6.625 .280 .717E+05 .2 49E+05
17.000 .500 6.625 .280 .1538+06 .51',|E+05
17.000 .6?5 6.625 .280 .268E+06 .893E+05
t7.000 .7 50 .2EO .4236+06 .'l41E+O6
,7.000 1 .000 .280 .668€+06 .289 E+06
17.0C0 6.625 .?80 .152E+07 .505E+06 !
17.000 1.500 6 -625 .28 0 .239E+O7 .797E+O6
'| 7.000 6 -625 .280 .3518+07 - 1178+07
17.000 2.000 6.625 ,28 0 .4918+07 .164E+D7
17.000 8 .625 .3?2 .358E+05 .119E+05
17.000 .375 8.625 .3?2 .987Er05 .329€+05
17.OOO .500 8.625 -322 .203E+06 .676e+O'
17.000 .625 a .625 .35 4E+O6 .118Er06
17.000 .750 8.625 .3?2 .5588+06 .1E6E+06
t 7.000 I .000 I .625 .3?? .1 15L+ 07 - 3E2E +06
17.000 1.250 I .625 .t22 .2oOE+ol .668E+06
17.000 r.500 .122 .Jt6E+07 .105E+07
17.000 8.625 .32? .464E+ol .1558+07
17.000 2.000 -322 .649E+07 .216E+07
17.000 10.750 .451E+45 .'l 50E+05
't7.000 .375 10. 750 .365 .124E+06 .414E+05
17.000 10 .750 .365 .?55E+06 .851E.05
17.000 10 - 750 .4 468+06 .1 49 E +06
t 7.000 I 0.750 .365 .703€+06 .2348+06
17.000 1 .000 '| 0. 750 .111e+07 .48'l E+ 06
17.000 1 .250 '10. 750 .365 .25?E+ 07 .841E+06
17.000 1.500 10-750 .39E€+07 .133E+07
17.000 1 0. ?50 .365 .585E107 .1958+07
1 7.000 I 0. 750 .E17E+07 .272E+A7
17.000 .250 12.750 .375 .542€+05 -181Er05
17.000 .375 12.750 .149E+06 .498E+05
17.000 .500 12.750 .3078+06 .102Er06
17.000 .625 1?.750 .536E+06 .179E+06
17.000 12.750 -375 .846E+06 .?82E+O 6
17.000 1.000 12 -750 .171E+07 .579€+06
17.C00 1.250 12.750 .303€+07 .101E+07
 164 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIFF CALCULAIION, CYL. VESSEL

v€ssEL vE ssEL t'l0zz L E NOZZLE ROT STI F IN.LE,/DEG

OD,fT TC K,IT{ OD,I N TCX,IN INPLANE OUTPLANE
STD LON6I CIRCU

17.000 1.500 12.750 .478E+07 .159E+07

17.000 I .750 12.750 .375 .703E+07 .234E+o7
17.000 ?.000 12.750 .375 .982E+07 .327E+O7
17.000 .250 '| 4.000 -375 .6008+05 .200E+05
I 7.000 14 . C00 .375 .1 65 E+06 .552E+05
1 7.00 0 14 .000 .375 .340€+06 .1 t 3E+ 06
17-000 .625 14 -000 .37 5 .593E+06 . 198 E +06
17.000 .750 4.000
't .936E+06 .312E+06
17.00c I .000 14.000 .375 .192E +07 .640E+06
17.000 1.250 14-000 .336E+07 .112E+07
17.000 I .500 14.000 .375 .529E+07 .176e+07
17.000 1.750 14.000 .37 5 .7 78E+ a7 .259 e+07
17.000 2.000 14 .000 .375 -109E+08 .362E+O7
17.O00 .250 r6.000 .693E+05 .231 E+0 5
17.c00 .37 5 16.000 .191E+06 .6378+45
17.000 .500 I 6.000 .375 -39?E+06 .13'lE+06
17.C00 .625 1 6.000 .685E+06 .??ae+o6
17.000 1 6.000 .108F+07 .360Er06
I,
r7.000 I .000 16.000 -222E+47 - 7t9E+O6
17.000 1.250 16.000 .375 .388 E+07 .1298+07
17.AOO 1. 500 16.000 .37 5 .611E+A7 .204E+07
i: "
'17.000 1 .750 16.000 .E99E+07 .300E+07
7.000
't 2.000 16.000 .37 5 .'125E+08 .418E+07
a: ; 17.000 1E.000 .786E+O' .26?E+O5
l. I 17.000 .37 5 1 8. 000 -375 .2178+06 .722E+O5
li ii
17.000 .500 1 8.000 .3 75 .445E+06 .l 488r06
17.000 .625 't8.000 .375 .777E+06 .259E+06
17-000 .7 50 18.000 .37 5 .123E+ 07 .40EE+06
17.000 I .000 18.000 . ?5?E+ 07 .838E+06
)rt 17.400 '| .2 50 18 .000 .375 .439E 07
+ .146e+O7
17.000 't .500 1 E.000 .37 5 .69t8 + 07 .231E+O7
17.000 1.750 18.000 .375 .102E+C8 .340E+07
17 .00 0 2.000 18.000 .14?E+08 .47 4E+o?
17.000 20.000 .8 79E + 05 .293E+05
I 7.000 ,375 2 0.000 .? 42E+ o6 .607E+05
,|
7.000 ,500 20.000 .49?E+06 .'166E+06
t 7-000 .525 20 .000 .375 .868E+06 .2 89 E +06
1 7.000 .7 50 20.000 .375 .137E+07 .457 E+O6
17.O00 1 .000 20.000 .281E+07 .937f+O 6
t7.000 1.250 20.000 .375 .491E+Oz .164E+Oz
'17.000 1 .500 2 0 .000 .775E+ 07 .258E+07
17.000 1.759 20.000 .37 5 .114E+08 .380E+07
17.000 2.000 20.000 .1 59E+0E .5308+07
17.000 .250 ?2 .000 .972E+05 .3248+O'
| 7.000 .375 22.000 .26E€+06 .895E+05
I 7.000 .500 ?2 .OOO .375 .550F+06 .183Ef06
't 7.0c0 .625 22 .00 0 .960E+06 .520€+06
17.C00 .750 22 .000 .151E+O7 .505E+06
17.000 I .000 22.000 .311E+07 . t 04 E+07
17.000 1.250 22.000 .5 4te+07 .lE1E+07
17.000 1.500 22.000 .37 5 .857E+07 .286e+O7
17.000 1.750 22.000 .'l26E+ 08 .42OE+07
17.0t/0 2.000 22 .000 .37 5 .176F+0E .586E+o7
17.000 .250 21.OOO .106E+06 .355E+05
17.000 .375 24 .000 .2938+46 .978 E+05
t7.oac . t00 24.000 .37 5 .6028+06 -2O1E+O6
17.000 .625 24.000 .105E+07 .351E+06
17.000 .7 50 21-OOO .166a+07 .553E+06
17.000 I .000 24 .000 .375 .341E+Ol .114E+07
17.000 1.250 24-OAO .3? 5 .595E+07 .'198E+Oz
17.000 1 .5C0 24.OOO .375 .939E+07 .313E+O7
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities lor Cylindrical Vessels 165

Table 6-1
Continued
SIIfF CALCULAIION, CYL. VESSEL
ROTA

VESSEL VESSEL NOZZLE NOZZLE ROT STIF IiI.LB/DEG

OD,FT TC(,IN OD,II{ T CK,I N INPLANE OUTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

17,0 00 1.750 ? 4 .OOO .138E*08 .460E+07

17.000 2 .000 24.000 .193E+0E .642E+o7
't ?.0 00 -250 26 .000 .37 5 .116E+06 .386€+05
17.000 26 . C00 .319E'06 .106€i06
I 7.00 0 .500 26.000 .655E+06 .218E+06
7.000
't 26.000 .114E+07 .381E+06
17.000 26.000 .37 5 .1808+07 - 601E +06
17.000 t .000 26 -OOO .37OE+ 07 .123E+07
17.000 1-?50 26.OBO .647 E+ 07 .?16E+07
17.0c0 1 .500 ?6 -OOO .1028+08 .340a+07
17.000 1 -750 26.000 .150E+08 -500E+07 rf
t 7.00 0 2.000 26 ,000 .2'l0E+0E .698E+07
17.C00 28.000 .12ta+06 .417E+O5
1 7.000 28 .000 .345E+06 .115E+06
7.C00
'| .500 28.000 .7 Q7E+06 .236E+06 :l
17.O04 2E.000 .124E+07 .412E+06
:
17.000 28.000 .195E+07 .650E+06
17.000 1.0c0 28 .000 .400E+07 .133E+O7
1 7.0C 0 1.?50 28.000 .699E+07 .233E+o7
17.000 28.000 .'110E+08 .36EE+07
1 7.000 1-750 28 .000 .375 . t 62E+08 .540E+07
1 7.000 2.000 28.000 .375 .226E+08 .7518+07
t 7-000 -z>tJ 30 .00 0 -375 .154E+06 .448E+05
17.000 30.000 .375 , 370E+ 06 .123E+06
17.000 .500 30.000 .760€+06 .253E+06
17.000 30.000 -375 .133E+07 .442t+O6
1 7.000 30.000 .2098+07 .698E+06
17.000 .000 30.G00 .375 .430E+07 .1438+07
17.000 30.000 .751E+07 .?50E+o7
17.000 30.000 .'1188+06 -395E+07
'17.000 .7 50 30.000 .3?5 .17 4E + 08 .5818+07
1 7.000 2. 000 30.000 .243Er08 .8118+07
17.000 32 .000 .375 -144E+06 -479 E+05
'| 7.000 32.OOO .396€+06 .132€+06
17.000 .500 3 2 .000 -E t 2E+06 .?7'l E +o6
1 7.000 .6?5 32.000 .142E+07 .475E+06
17.000 3 2.00 0 .375 .224E+07 .7 46E+06
17.000 't .000 52.000 .375 .460E+07 .1538+a7
17.000 1.25O 32.000 .803€+07 .26EE+07
17.000 1.500 32.000 .127E +08 .422E+O7
17.000 1.750 5 2.00 0 .'186E+08 .6218+07
17.000 2 .000 J2.000 .260E+0E .E67E+07
17.OOO 56.000 .16?E+06 -541E+05
17.OC0 3 6.000 -5() .4 47E+A6 .1tt9E+O6
17.000 .500 36-000 .918E+06 .306E+06
17.00c 56 .000 . 160E+07 ,534E+06
17.000 36.000 .253E+07 . E43E+06
17.000 t . t)00 36 .000 .519 E+ 07 .'173E+07
17-000 1 .250 36.000 .907F+07 .302E+07
17.000 I .500 3 6.000 .375 . t 43E+08 .4778+07
17.000 1.754 J6.000 .2't0E+08 .7 0'l E.07
1 7.000 2 .000 36.000 .29 4E+ 08 .979E+o7
17.000 .250 40.000 .181E+06 -6038r05
17.000 .375 40 .000 .4988+06 .166E+06
't 7.00 0 .500 40.000 .375 .10?E+07 .341Ea06
1 7.000 40-000 -375 .179E+07 .596E+06
1 7.0C 0 40-000 .375 .282E+07 .939 F+ C 6
17.000 I .000 40.000 .3?5 .579E + 07 .193€+07
t 7-000 't .2 59 40.000 .101E+08 .337E+O7
17.000 't.500 40.000 .375 .1598+08 .551E+07
17.000 40 -000 -234E+08 .78'lE+o7
 166 Piping Stross Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
R0lA STIFF CAI-CULATION, CYL. VESSEL
VESSEL vEssEL 0zzLE NOZ2LE ROT SII f II{.LB/DEG
OD,'T ICK,IN OD,II{ T CK,I N IIIPLA E OTJTPLANE
SID LOIIGT CIRCU

17.000 2.O00 40.000 .3278+08 .109E+08

t 7.000 .250 48.000 .375 .218E+06 .7?7e+Oj
I 7.0 00 .315 48.000 .375 .601E+06 .200E+06
17.000 . t00 48.000 .123E+ 07 .411E+O6
I 7.00 0 -625 48.000 .3? 5 .215e+07 .718E+06
17.000 .7 50 4E.000 .37 5 .540E+07 .1138+07
17.000 1.000 4 8 .000 -375 - 698E+07 .2t3E+O7
17.0 00 1.250 48 .000 .375 .'l22E+08 .406E+0?
17.000 I .500 48.000 -375 .'192E+08 -641e+O7
17.000 1.750 4E-000 .375 .283E+ 0E .942E+D7
17.000 ?.000 48.000 .375 .395 E +08 -'13 2 E +08

18.000 .250 2.375 .154 -88?E+04 .2948+O4

18 .00 0 .375 2.375 .t 54 .2438+05 .81 08 +0 4
18.0c0 .500 2.375 -154 .499E+05 -166Er05
18.000 .625 2.375 .154 .871E+a5 .?90E105
18.000 .750 ?.375 .154 .157E+06 .4 58 E+0 5
t8.000 1.000 2.375 .'154 .282E+06 .9418+05
18.000 1 .250 2.375 .154 .493E+06 -164E+06
1E.000 1 .500 2.375 .154 .778E+06 .2 59 E+06
tE.000 1-750 2 .375 .154 .111E+A7 .381 €+06
i,: 1 E.00 0 2.000 2.375 .154 .t 60Er07 .sf,?E+06
18.000 .250 3 .500 .216 .131E+05 .437E+O4
I 8.0 00 3.500 .216 .362E+05 .121E+05
ir 1E.000 .500 3.500 .216 .742E+05 .247E+O5
li
18.000 3. 500 .216 .130E+06 -43?E+O5
iiI 18.000 .750 3 .500 .216 .205E+06 .682 €+0 5
18.0C0 1.000 3 .500 .216 .420E+06 .'140E+06
16.000 1.250 3.500 .216 .733E+06 .z 44E+O6
18.000 1.500 3. 500 .216 .1 168+07 .386E+06
't6.000 1.750 3.500 .216 .170E+07 -567Er06
16.000 2.000 3.500 .216 .237E+07 .792E+O6
18.000 .250 4. 500 .237 . l73E +05 . 5 78E +04
1E.C00 .37 5 4. 500 .237 .478 € + 05 .159E+05
18.000 .500 4. 500 .237 .9818+05 .327E+O5
1E .00 0 .625 4.500 .237 .1718+06 . 571 E+0 5
16.000 .7 50 4. 500 .2708+o6 .901E+05
16.000 1 .000 4 .500 .555E+06 -185E+06
18.000 1 -250 4.500 .?37 .969F+06 .321E+06
18.000 1.500 4. 500 .237 .153E+07 .510E+06
1E .00 0 1 .?50 4.500 .217 .22tE+97 .7 49E+06
1E.000 2.000 4.500 .237 .311E+07 .1 05E +07
18.000 .z>u 6-62> .280 .263E+05 .8 78 E+04
'tE.000 .37 5 6 .6?5 .280 -726e+Os .2428+O5
,|
18.000 .500 6.625 .28 0 . 49E+06 .497Er05
18 .0 00 .625 6-625 .280 . 2 60E+ 06 .868E+05
18 .0 00 -7 50 6.625 .280 .411E+06 .137 e +O6
18.000 1 .000 6-625 .280 .843€+06 - 2El E+06
't6.000 '| .250 6.625 .280 .147E+O7 .491E+06
16.00 0 't .500 6-625 .280 .232e+07 .774E+06
16.000 1 .750 6.6?5 .280 .342E+07 .114E+07
18.000 2. 000 6.625 .280 .477E+Ol .159E+07
'16.000 .250 4.625 .322 .348Er05 .1 l6E+05
18.0 0 0 .322 .9 59E + 05 .320E+05
I E.000 - 500 8.625 .197E+06 .657E +05
18.000 .625 8 .6?5 .322 .314E +06 .1158+06
18.000 .7 to 8 .625 .322 .543E+06 .18'l E+06
18.000 1 .000 a .625 .3?2 -111E+07 .371 E +06
18 .00 0 1.250 a.625 .372 .195E+07 .6 49 E +06
18 .00 0 1 .500 4.625 .322 .307E+07 .102F+07
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 167

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIFF CAICULATION, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL vEssEL 0zzLE NOZZLE ROT STI F IN.L8/DE6

00,fT TC K,I I'I OD,I N TCK,IN INPLANE OUTPLAT.IE
STD LONGI CIRCU

1E.00 0 1.750 a.ol> .322 .1512+A? -150E+07

18 .00 0 2,0 00 .6J08+07 .210E+0?
18.000 10 . 750 .438 E +05 .146E+05
1E.000 't 0.750 .121E+06 .403€r05
18.000 .500 I C. 750 .24E8+06 ,827Er05
18.000 -ol> 10 .750 .433E+06 -114E+O6
18.000 10.750 .365 .683 E+06 -2288+06
1E.000 't .000 't 0.750 .140r+07 -468E+06
18.0 00 10 .750 .365 .245E+07 .817E+06
18 .00 0 '1 . 500 I 0 .750 .387E+ 07 -129E +07
18.000 1.750 10 . 750 .568E+07 .189E+07
18.C00 2.000 I 0. 750 .79LE+07 -265E+07
1E . C00 12 -750 .527Er05 .17 6E+Os
18.00c .375 12 .750 .'l45E+06 .4E4E+05
1E.000 .500 12.750 .2968+06 .9948+05
1E.000 12 .750 .521E+06 .'17 4E +0 6
18 .000 .750 12.750 -E22E+o6 -27 4E+o6
18.000 1 .000 12 -750 . 169F+07 -5 62E +O 6
'16.000 1.250 12 .750 .295E+07 .9E2E+06
't8-000 1.500 12 .7 50 .4658+07 .155E+07
1E.000 1.750 '12.750 .375 .683E+07 .22EE+Ol
18.000 2 .000 12.750 .9 5 4E+07 .318€+07
16.000 .250 I 4 .000 .375 - 5648 + 05 -195E+05
1E.000 .375 14.000 .161E+06 .536E+05
t8.000 .500 1 4 .000 .3108+06 .110E+06
tE .000 .625 14 .000 .375 .577t +06 .192E+O6
't 8 .000 .750 1 4 .000 .910E+06 .303E+06
r8.000 1 .000 14.000 .1P'7 E + 07 .622E+O6
18.000 1.?50 't 4.000 .326E+07 .1098+O?
18.000 1.5C0 't 4.000 -515E+a7 -1?2E+07
18 .000 1 .750 11-OOO .7 56E+ 07 .?52E+O7
16.000 2. 000 14 .000 .106E+08 .352E+07
1E.000 .250 16.000 .67 4E+05 .225E+O5
18.000 .37 5 1 6.000 .186E+06 .619E+05
?8.000 .500 1 6.000 .3E1E+06 .127E +O6
't8.000 1 6.000 .375 .666E+ A6 .222E +06
1E.000 -750 16.000 . 105E+07 .350E+06
18-000 1.000 1 6 .000 .2168+07 .719 E+O6
18.000 1.250 16.000 .377 E+07 .126E+07
't I .000 t.500 16 .000 .'f98E+07
-594E+E7
18.0C0 1-750 t6-000 .8738+07 .291E+07
1E.00 0 2. 000 '| 6.000 .J?2E+08 .106E+07
1E.000 -250 1E .000 .375 .7 64E+05 .2558+05
'18.000 18.000 . 210E+ 06 .702E+O5
1E.000 1 6.000 .432E+06 .144E+o6
18.000 18 ,000 ,755€+06 -252E+06
16.000 .7 50 18.000 -375 .119 E + O? .397E+06
t 6 .000 r .000 1E .000 .? 44E+07 .8'l5E+06
18-000 't -250 1E.000 .427E+07 -142E+O?
16 .00 0 1.500 1E .000 .375 -674t+e7 .225E+07
tE.000 1.?50 I E.000 -5ft -99oE+07 .330E+07
16 .00 0 ?-000 18,000 .'138E+08 - 461E+O7
1E.000 20.000 -375 .854€+05 .2858+05
18 - 000 20.000 .235E+06 .785E+05
18.000 .500 20.000 .483 E+06 .161E+06
18.0 00 .62 5 20.000 .844E+06 . z 8'l E+06
18.0 0 0 .750 20.000 . 1 33E +07 - 4 44E+06
1E.0 00 1 .000 20.000 .37 5 .?738+A7 .9t'lE+06
18 ,000 1.250 20 .000 .477?+07 .159E+07
18 .0 00 1.500 20.o00 .753E+07 .251E+o7
18.000 1,750 20.000 .11tE+08 .369E+07
168 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
R0TA STIFF CALCULATI0NT CYL' VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZ2LE f IN.L8'/DEG

NOZ2LE ROT STt
0DufT TI(TIN OD,IN TCX,IN TNPLANE OUTPLANI
SID LONGI CIRCU

1 3.00 0 2.000 20 .000 .375 .15 5E + 08 .515€+02

18.000 .250 22 .00 0 -375 -944E+05 .3'l5E+05
18.0 00 2? -OOO -375 . ?60E+06 .867E+05
13.000 .500 22.000 .375 .5348+06 .178E+06
18.000 22.000 .375 .933 +0 6F .311Fr06
1E,000 .750 22.000 .375 .1478+O7 .491E+06
18.C)00 r.0c0 22.OOO .3ZS .3OZE+07 .101E+07
18.000 1.250 22.000 .3?5 .528E+07 .17 6E+07
18.00c 1.500 22 -000 .3?5 .8 33E + 07 .2788+07
18 ,000 1.750 22 .000 .375 .122E+08 .408E+07
18.000 2 .000 22 -OOO .375 .171E+08 .570E+07
1b.000 24.000 .375 .103Er06 .345€+05
18.000 24.000 .375 . 285 E+ 06 .950E+05
18.C00 .500 24.000 .375 .585E+06 .'t95E+06
18.0 00 24.000 .375 . 102E+07 .3418+06
1E.000 -750 24.DAO .375 .161E+Ol .53EE+06
1E.000 1.000 24 .000 .3?5 .331E+07 .1'l0Ei07
'tE.0G0 1.2t0 24.000 .375 - 578E+07 .1938+07
18.000 1.500 24.000 .375 .91?E +07 .304E+07
18.00c 1.750 24.000 .375 .134E+08 .447E+07
18.000 2. 000 2/..000 -375 . 1872 E+ 0E .624E+O7
1E.0 00 .250 2 6.000 -375 .1t E+06 .3758+05
18.000 .37 5 ?6.OAO .375 .3',10E+06 .103E+06
1E.000 .500 26.000 .375 .636F+06 -212E+O6
1E.000 .625 26.OOO .375 -'l11Eto7 .371E+06
1E-000 - 750 26-000 .375 -115E +O7 .585E+06
1E.000 I .000 26 ,000 .3?5 -3608+07 -120E+07
18.000 1.250 26.000 .3?5 .629E+07 .2'l0E+07
18.00c 1 .500 26.000 .375 -992a+O7 ,331E+o7
't8-000 1.750 26.000 .375 .146€+08 .486E+07
1E .000 2-000 26.000 .3?5 .204E+0E .679t+O7
't3.000 .?50 28 .000 .375 .122E++06 06 .405E+05
18.000 2E.000 .375 .33 5E .1128+O6
18 .000 .500 28.000 -375 .667E+06 .229 E+06
1E.000 .625 2E-000 .3?5 -12o8+oz .400E+06
18 .000 .750 28 .000 .375 .139E+07 .631E+06
16.000 'I.000 28.000 .375 .5898+07 .'l30 E+0 7

1 .250 2E.000 -375 .22 6E + O7

13.000
16.C0C 1.500 28.000 .375 '679E+Q7
.1C7E+08 .357E+07
28.000 .375 .1 58E +08 .5?5e +o7
18.000 'l ,7 50
't8.000 ?.000 28.000 .375 .220E+03 .733e+O7
18.C00 .250 30.000 .3?5 ' l31E+06 .435E+05
18.0U 0 .375 30.000 .375 .360E+06 .120E.06
16.000 .500 30.000 .3?5 .7 3E Elo 6 -246E+06
18.000 30-000 .375 .1298 +o7 .430E+06
18.000 .750 50.000 -3?5 .204e +A7 .678E+06
18.000 .000 30.000 .375 .4'l8 €+ 07 , tJ9E+07
18.000 .250 30.000 -375 .730 E+ 07 .243E+O7
16.000 30.000 .3?5 .1 1 5E+08 .3E4Er07
18.000 30.000 .375 .169E+08 .564Er07
18.00c 2.000 30.00 0 .375 .236E+08 .788e+07
16.000 .250 3 2.000 .375 .1169 + 06 .465E+05
18.000 32 .000 .375 .3R5€+06 .'128E+06
18.000 .500 32.000 .3?5 .790€+06 .263E+06
.460E+06
18.00c .625 3? .OOO -375 - 133 5+0 7
18.000 32.000 .375 -?18E+O7 .7?5E+o6
1E.000 1 .000 32 .000 .375 -4t ?E+O7 .149Er07
18 .000 1 .250 3 2.00 0 .375 .760E+07 .260E+D7
16 .00 0 1 .500 3 2 .00 i:J .37, .123E+08 .4'l0E+07
18.00 0 1-750 3 2 .000 .375 .181E+08 .603€+07
t6.000 2 .000 32 .000 -375 .253E+o8 .E12E+07
 Vessels
Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIf' CALCULATION' CY L. VESSEL

NO2ZLF NOZZLE ROT STI f It{.LB/DEG

VESSEL VE SSEL OUTPLANE
TCK,IN OD,IN TCK,IN INPTANE
0D,rT slD LONGI CIRCU

-375 .158Er06 .525E+05

'tE.000 .250 36.000 .115E+o6
18.000 .375 36.000 -375 .434t+06
't 8 .000 .500 36.00 0 .375 .892E+06 _297E+O6
. 519 E+06
18.0CC .625 36 - 000 -175 .156E+O7
.819 E+06
1E.00c .? 50 36.000 .375 .2468+07
. 168€ +07
tE.00ri 1 .000 36.000 .3?5 .504E+07
-375 .8El€+07 -2948+07
18.006 1 .250 36.000 .463E+07
't 8.000 1-500 36.000 -375 . 1f9 E+ 08
18.000 1.750 36. ooo .375 .204€+08 .681E+O7
.951E r07
1E.000 2.000 3 6.000 .375 .285E+08
.586t+05
18.000 .?50 40.000 .37t .176E+06
18.000 .375 /.0.000 .3?5 .484E+06 .16',| E+06
.f31E+06
18.000 .500 40.000 .375 .99481 06
1 8.000 .625 40.000 .375 .17 4E+07 .579F+06
.9.13E]06
18.000 .75O 40.00o -375 .271E+07
18.000 1.000 40.000 -375 -562E+O? -187E+o7
16.000 1.250 40.000 .375 .9a2E+o7 -327E+A7
.5168+O?
't8.000 I .5OO 40.o0o -375 .155E+08
18 .00 0 1 .7 50 40 .000 .3?5 .?28E+0E -759'-+o7
.106E+08
15.C00 2.000 40 -000 -375 .3135+08
16.0c0 .250 4E.ooo .375 .212E+06 .706E+05
16.000 .375 48.000 .375 .584E+06 -195E+O6
.399E+06
16.000 . 500 48.000 -3?5 "120E+07
18,000 .625 48.000 .3?5 .209E+07 .698E+06
16.000 .750 48.000 .375 .330€i07 .'110E+07
18.000 't .000 48.000 -375 .678E+07 -226E+O7
.395Ef07
18 .000 1 .250 48 .000 -375 .118E+08
18.000 1.500 48.000 .375 .187E+08 -623E+O7
16.000 1 .750 4E.000 .3?5 .275€+08 .9'l5E+07
.128€+06
18.000 2.000 48.000 .375 .383E+08
rt,
-154 .858E+04 .286E+04
19.000 2 -375 .78E E+04
2 -375 -151 -237E +o5
19-CC0 .1628+05
19.000 .500 2.375 .'t54 .4t6Et05
.283F+05
19.000 .625 .154 .848E+05
-446E+0j
't9.000 -154 .134 E + 06
.154 -275e+o6 .915E+05
19 .000 .000
't 2.375 .160 E +06
19.000 1.250 ?.375 .154 .4808+06
19 .0 00 1.500 2.375 -151 .757E+ 06 -ZSZE+O6
19.000 1.750 2.375 -154 - 1'l1E+o7 -371E+O6
.5'188+06
19.000 2.000 2.375 -154 -155ErO7
.426F+O4
19.000 3.500 -216 . 128 E+05
.117€+05
19.000 3.500 -216 -3528+05
.241E+O5
19.000 .500 3.500 -216 -722E+O5
_42.1E+O5
19.000 3. 500 -216 .126E+06
19.000 -z'16 .199E+06 -6648+O5
.136E+06
19 000 1.0c0 3.500 .216 -409E+06
.2388+06
-
19.000 'l .250 f. 500 -216 -714E+o6
.375E+O6
'19.000 .5c0
't 3.500 -216 .113E+07
19.000 1-750 3.500 -216 - 166E+07 -5528+O6
19.000 z-000 3.500 -216 .231E+Oz -771E+o6
.563E+04
19.000 .250 4-500 -23? ' 169E+05 .155E+05
19.000 4 .500 -237 .465E+05
.318 E +0 5
19.000 - 500 4. 500 .237 .9 55 E+05
.556E+05
19.000 4 .500 -237 .167E+06
19.000 4.500 .237 -2638r06 -8778+O5
19.000 1 .000 4. 500 .237 -540€+06 .180E+06
19.000 1.250 4.500 .237 -94f, E+ 06 .31 4E+06
.196ErO6
19.000 1.500 4. 500 .237 -119E+O7
19.000 1.750 4 .500 .237 -219E+O7 .7292+o6
 Table 6-1
Continued
RO]A STIFF CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL

vEss€L VESSEL NOZZLE NOIZLE ROT SII F IN.LB/DEG

OD,FT TCK,IN OD,!N TCK,IN INPLANE OUTPL A NE
STD LOt./ GI CIRCU

19.000 2. 000 4.500 .3068+07 .1O?E+O7

19.00 0 .250 6.625 -2E0 .256E+Os -855E+04
19.000 .37 5 6.625 .280 .7olE+C5 .236E+O5
19.000 .500 6 -625 .28 0 .145E+06 .484€+05
19.000 6.625 .280 .253E+06 .845E+05
19.000 .75A 6.6?5 .?80 .400E+06 .133E+06
19.000 1 .000 6 -625 _ 260 .821Ei06 .27 4E+O6
't9.000 1.250 .2E0 .'143E+D7 .47EE+06
19.000 1.500 6.625 .280 .2 26E+ 07 .7 51E +O 6
19.000 1.750 6.625 .280 .332E+07 .111E +07
19 .00 0 2.000 6.625 .280 .464E+07 . 155E+07
19.000 .?50 a .625 .322 .339E+05 .1t3E+05
19.00c .322 .934 E+05 .3'l l E+05
19.000 8.625 .192E+06 - 639E+0 5
19.000 8 -625 . 3f5 E+06 -112F+06
19.00 0 .750 8.625 .52EE+06 .1 76E+06
19-000 t .0c0 a .6?5 .322 .108E+07 .561E+06
19.000 't.250 8.625 .3?2 .189E+07 -631E+06
19.000 1.500 8.625 .299E+07 .996E+06
19.000 1.758 .322 -4398+07 .146E+C7
:l
19-C00 2 .000 3.625 -3?? .6118+07 -204E+C7
'19 .000 .250 'l0.750 .427E+05 .142ErO5
'19.000 .37 5 10 .7 50 . t t8E+06 . 392 E+0 5
19.000 .500 10 .750 .241E +06 .805E+05
'l 19 .000 0. 750
1 .422E+06 -141E+O6
't 9 .000 .7 50 10 .7 50
n .665E+06 .222E+06
19.000 1 .000 0.750
't .137 E+07 .455E+06
19.000 1.250 10.750 .?39E+07 .79 5 E+o 6
t9.0cc 'l .500 10 . 750 .365 .3768 +07 - 125E+O?
19.000 1.750 10.750 .5538+07 .'184E+oz
19.000 2.000 10.?50 -772t+Ol .257€+07
19 ,000 12.750 .5138+05 .17'l E +Os
19 .600 '12.750 .111E+A6 .171E+O5
19.000 .500 12.750 .290E+06 .968Er05
19 .000 .625 12.750 -375 .5i7E+o6 -t69E+06
19.000 12 .750 .800Ei06 -267ErO6
19.000 1 .000 't2-750 .1648+ A7 .5 47 E+O6
19.0c c 12.750 .247E+07 .956E+06
19.000 '1 .500 12 -750 .452E +07 .15t E+07
t 9 .000 1.750 12.750 .665E+C7 . ?22E+A7
19 . C00 z. 000 12 -750 .9298+07 .310E+07
19.000 1 4.000 .568E+05 .'189E+05
19.000 14.000 .157E+06 .522E+O5
19.000 .500 14.000 .32'l €+06 .1078+06
19.000 14.000 .561E+06 .'l t 7E+o6
'| 9.00 0 ,7 50 1 4.000 .885E+06 .295E+06
19.00 c '| .000 14.000 .132E+07 .606E+06
19.000 1.250 14 .000 .317 E + A7 .106E+07
19.000 1.500 14.000 ,501E+07 .1678tO7
19.000 't -750 t4-000 .7 36e+07 .245E+07
19.000 2. 000 1 4.00 0 .5 r> . tC3t+08 .313E+07
19.ai00 .?50 1 6 .0C0 .656E+05 .219E+05
1 9.000 16 .000 .1E1E+06 -602E+05
19.C00 .500 16.000 .371E+06 ,'12 4 8+O 6
'l9.00 0 . c25 16.000 .375 - 6IEE + C6 .216E+O6
19 .000 .7 50 16.000 .102E+07 .341E+06
19.000 1 .000 1 6.000 .21OE+07 -699€+06
19.000 1.25A 't 6. c00 .367 E+07 .122E+a7
19.000 1.500 16.000 -375 .578F107 .193E+O7
19.000 1.750 t 6.000 .850E+07 -2838+07
19.000 2. 000 1 6.000 .'l 19E+ 08 .39 6E+Ol
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 171

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STtFF CA LCULAT ION' CYL' VESSEL

VESSEL VESSEL NOZ?LE NOZZLE ROT STI T IN.LB/DEG

TCK,IN TNPLANE OUlPLANF
OD,fT I€KTIN OD,III
STD LONGI CIRCU

l8 .000 .743E+05 .248E+05

19.006 .205Er 86 .683E+05
't9.000 .375 1 E,000 .140E+06
18.000 .421E+O6
19.000 .735E+O6 .245e+O6
'r9.000 1E.000 .lE6E+06
.750 18.000 .116e+D7
19 .00 0 ,238E+07 .;93 E +06
19.C0C 1 ,0c0 t 8 .000
.416E+Qz .1 39E+0 7
19.C00 '1 .?50 1t.000 .219E+O7
'l .500 t 8 .800 .6568+07
19 ,000 .9 61E+07 -3?1E+07
19.000 1.750 18.000 .449E +07
2.0c0 l8 .000 .ll5E+08
19.00c .831E'05 .277E+O5 *'l
19. 000 .25U 20.000
20.000 .229 g +O6 .7 648+O5
19.000 .375 .157ErA6
19.000 .500 20 .000 .470E+06 I
20.co0 .82'l E+06 .27qE+o6 I
19.000 . 30E+07
't ,432E+06 I

19.000 -75n 20.000 .88 7 E+06

't 9 .000 1.000 20 .000 -2668+07
J.250 20.0c0 .465E+ 07 .155E+07
't 9.000 .733E +07 .2448+07
19 .0C C 1.500 20 .000
20.000 .108E+08 .359E+07
19.000 1 .750
2 0.000 .150E+0E .5O2E+07
19.000 2.000 .306E+05
19.000 22.000 .919 E r 05
22.000 .253E+06 .844E+05
19 .000 .520€+06 .173E +O6
19.000 .500 22 .000
.625 22 .000 .9cBE+06 .3038+06
19 .000 . 143E+07 .478Er06
19.000 -?50 22.000
1 .000 22 -00 0 -?94E+07 -980E+06
19 -000 -514E+07 .1718+87
'| 9 .0c0 'I .2 50 22 .000
.500 22.000 .811E+07 -270E+O7
t9 -00c 1
.119E+08 .3978+A7
19.000 1.750 ?2.000
.000 22 .OOO .'t 66E+08 .555E+07
19.000 2
.10'l E+06 .336E+05 It/
19.000 - 250 24 .000
24.000 -ZtZE+46 .925s+05
19.O00 .5708+06 .190E+06
19.000 .500 ?4.OOO
.532E+06
19.000 24 .000 .995E+06
.7 50 24.000 -157 2+ O7 -523E+06
19.000 .107E+07
19 .000 .000 24.O00 .322E+07
.250 24 -000 .563€+07 .188E+07
19.00 0
.?9 6E 107
19.000 .500 24 .000 .8E8E+02
.7 50 2/, -000 .131E+08 .435E+07
19.000 .608E+07
19 .000 2. 000 21 .OOO .'tE2€+08
26 .000 .109E+06 .365Er05
19.000 .302E+06 .101 E+06
19.000 26.000
.500 26.000 .619 E+ 06 .206E+06
19 .0C0 .3 61 E+06
19 .00 B -625 26.000 .108Er07
26.000 .'17'l E+o7 .569 E+06
19 .00 0 j508+07 J17E+A7
.000 26.000 .
19.000 1
.6'l2E+O7 .204E +07
19.000 26 .000
1.500 26.000 .965E+07 .322E+A7
19.000 .1 42€+08 .473E+07
19 .00 0 't .7 50 26.000
.0c0 26-000 .198E+08 .6618+o7
19.000 2
.394t+O5
19.000 -250 28.000 .118Er06
.375 2E.000 -326E+06 .109E+06
r9.000 .669 E +06 .223E+06
19.000 .500 28 .000
'19.000 28.O00 .117E+O7 .390E+06
.7 50 28.000 . 184€+07 .615E+06
19 .00 0 .126E+O7
19.000 1 .000 2E.000 -378E+07
.250 2E .000 .6 6'l € +07 .220F+07
19.000 '1
.348 F+07
19.000 I .500 28 .000 - J 04 Er08
1.750 28.600 .1 53E+0E .5119+07
19.000 .2'l4E+08 .714s+C7
19.000 28.900
.?50 30.00 0 .127E +06 .424E+Ot
19.0 00
 172 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROIA STIff CAI-CULATl0lrlrCtL. VESSEL
VESSEL VESS€L NOZ ZLE ROT S'I' IN.L8/DEG
OD,FT TCK,IN TCK,I N I NE OUTPLAiIE
STD LONGI
'{PLA CIRCU

19.00c 30.000 .37 5 .350E+06 .117E +O6

19 .0 00 .500 30.000 .375 .7198+06 -24OE+06
19.000 .6?5 30.00 0 -375 .1268+07 ./,19€+06
19-000 .750 30 .00 0 .375 .198 E+07 .660E+06
19,000 I .000 30.000 .4O7E+07 -136E+o7
r9.000 1.25C 30 .00 0 -375 .71Oa+07 .237E+07
19.000 1,500 3 0.00 0 .375 . I 12E+08 .373E+07
19.000 1.750 30-000 .37 5 .165E+08 .549E+O7
r9.000 2.000 30.000 .375 .230E+08 .767E+O7
19.000 .250 3?.000 .375 -136E+O6 .453E+05
19.000 .375 32 .000 .375 .374E+06 -125E+06
19.000 .500 32.000 .375 .7 69E+ 06 .256E+06
19.000 .625 32 .00 0 .375 .134E+07 .448E+06
t 9 .000 .750 32.000 .375 .21?E+07 .7068r06
'19.00c 1 .000 32.000 -375 .435E+07 .115E+O7
19.000 1.250 52.00 0 .375 .7598+ 07 .253E+07
19.0c0 1-500 f2 .0c0 .375 .1 208+08 -399E+O7
'19.000 1.750 52.00 0 .375 .17 6E+OE .587E+O?
19.000 2.000 32 .000 .375 .2468+0E .820E+07
'19.000 .2so 36.000 .37 5 . t 55E+06 .5t1Er05
t 19.000
19.000
.37 5
.500
36.000
36.00 0
.375
.375
.42tE+O6
.66E E+ 06
.141E+O6
.289 E+06
19.000 36 .00 0 .375 -152E+07 -505E+06
'r9.000 .750 36.000 -239E+07 .797E+O6
{ 19.00c
19.000
1
't
.000
.250
36.000
56 - 000
-375 .491e+ 07
.8 58 E +07
-1648+O7
-Za6E+07
19 .00 0 I .500 36.000 -375 -135E+08 .451E+O7
il 19.0C0 1.750 36-000 .'199E+0E .663e+07
19 .00 0 2.000 36.000 .37 5 .2?8E +08 .926E+07
19.000 40.000 .375 -171E+06 .570E+05
19.000 .3?5 40.000 .171E+06 .157E+o6
J9.000 .500 40.000 -967e+O6 -322E+O6
19.000 .6?5 40.000 .169E+07 .5638+06
19.000 40.000 .375 -267 E+O7 .889 E+06
19. 00 0 .000 40 .000 .5 47 a107 .1828+O7
J 9.C00 - 250 40.000 .956a+07 .3198ro7
19.000 .500 40.000 .375 . 151E+08 .5038+07
19.000 .750 4 0 .000 .222E+08 .7398+O7
19 -000 2.000 40.000 .310€+08 .103E +08
19.000 4E.000 .206E+06 .687E+05
19.000 4E.000 .5688+06 .1 89 E+06
19 .0 00 48 .000 _37 5 -117E+Ol .369 E+06
r9.000 .625 48.000 .204E+07 .679 ar06
19.000 .7 50 4E.000 .5t> .321E+07 -1O7E+07
'19.000 .000 48.000 .660E+07 .220E+07
19.000 .250 4 8 .000 .115E+08 .384e+A7
t9.000 .500 48 .000 .182E+08 .606E+07
19.000 .75A 4E -OOO .s75 .?67E+08 .891E+07
19.000 2.000 48 .000 -3?3e+DB .124F-rOE

20.000 .250 2.375 .1 54 . 837 E+ 04 .279E+O4

20.000 .375 2.375 -154 .231e+O5 . 768 €+04
20.000 .500 ?.375 .154 .473p+O5 .1 5E E+05
20.000 .625 2.375 .154 .8278+05 -276E+O5
20.o00 . 750 ?.375 .1 54 .130E+06 .435E+05
20.000 I .0c0 2.375 .154 .268€+06 .892E+05
29.000 1 -250 2.375 .154 .468 E+06 - I 56E+06
20.0c0 2.3?5 .154 . 73E E +06 -246E106
?0.000 1.750 2.375 .154 .'108 E r 07 .362E+06
20.000 2.000 2 .3?5 .154 .1 5l E+07 . 50 5Ef06
 '173
Rotatlonal Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STI f F CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL

V€SSEL NOZZLE NOZZL€ F IN.LB / DEG

ROT STI
VESSEL
OO,FT ICK,IN ODZIN TCK'IN INPLAN€ OUTPLANE
STD LONGI CIRCU

.500 .216 .1246+o5 .4 15E+O4

20.000 3
.2'16 -3438+05 .114E+05
20. c0c 3.500
20-000 ,500 3. 500 .2'16 .791'5+05 .235E+05
?0.000 3.500 .?16 -123t+o6 .410E+05
2C.000 -7 50 5. 500 .216 .19/+E+06 .647E+05
.'133E+06
20.000 .000 3-500 -216 .398E+06
20.000 3.500 .2'16 .696E+06 .23?E+O6
20.000 .500 3 .500 .216 - 'l 10 E++O7
07 .366E+06
20-000 1-750 3 .500 .216 .161E .538E+06
20.000 2. 000 3 -5AO .216 -?z5E+O7 .751E+06
2C.000 .250 4.500 .23? . 164E+05 .548E+04
.'l5'l E+05
i,i
20,000 .375 4. 500 .237 .153E+A5 .f10E+05
20.0c0 .500 4.500 -237 .9f l E+05
2C,000 .6?5 4.500 .237 .163E+06 .542E+05
20.000 4.500 ,237 .256E+06 .855E+05
2C.000 1 ,000 4.500 .?37 .526t+O6 _1ZSE+O6

20,000 't.250 4 .500 .237 .920€+06 .307E+06

.484E+06
20.000 .500
't 4-500 -237 .145E+07
2C-000 1-750 4 .500 .?37 -?138+07 -7118+O6
2C.000 2.000 4.500 .237 .298 € ++C507 .993E+06
.000 ,250 .?ttl .25OE .6 33E +0 4
2C
2A.O00 6.6?5 .2E0 .689E+05 .230E+o,
20.000 .500 6.6?5 .280 .14'1E+O6 .171E+A5
20.000 6 -625 .280 -?47E+06 .3239+05
-750 6.6?5 .280 .390E+o6 .1 30E+0 6
20.000 .000 6.625 .280 .800E+06 .267 E+O6
.4666+O6
20,000 6.625 -2E0 .140E+07
20 -0 00 .500 6.625 -280 -220E+07 -735E+O6
20.060 .7 50 6.625 .280 .3216+A7 . 108E+07
2.000 .2EO .152E+07 .1519+07
2C.000
26.000 -322 . j30E+05 .110E+05 u
20.000 8.625 .32? .910 E+ 05 .303E+05
.62jE+05
20.000 .500 E.625 .322 . t87E+06
20.000 I .625 .3ZZ .326E+06 .'l 09 E+06
u 0.000 .750 E.625 _3ZZ .515 +06 E .17 2E+o6
20.000 - 000
.32? .106€+07 .3SZE+46
2C.C00 .250 8 .625 .32? . 185F+C7 .616E+06
20.000 - 500 8 .625 .322 -291 E+o7 .971E+06
.143t+Oz
20 .000 1.750 a .625 -3zZ .4288+C7
20.000 2.000 8.625 .3?z .598 E+07 .199E+07
20.000 .250 10 . 750 .365 .416F-+O5 .139E+05
20.0c0 'to.?50 .36t .1 155+06 .3E2 E+0 5
20.c0i.J - 500 '1o.750 .365 .Zj5E+06 -784E+05
20.000 1 0. 750 .365 .411E+06 .1378+O6
20.000 10 .750 .365 .643E+06 .216E+O6
20.000 .000 1 0.750 .365 -133E+Q7 .4 44E+o6
20,000 10 .750 .365 .233E+O7 .7?SE+O6
20.00iJ .5C0 19.750 .365 .367E+D7 -122E+O7
20.000 .7 50 1A.750 .365 ,.539€+02 .180E+07
20.000 2 .000 10. ?50 .365 .753E+07 .251E+O7
2C.000 .254 12.750 .375 .,DgE+05 .161E+D5
20.000 12 -750 .325 ..t 38 E+06 .459E+05
20 .000 .500 .375 .?83Ef06 .943E+05
20.000 't?.750 .375 .4E4E+O6 -1658+06
20.000 .7 50 12 -750 .375 .7S0E +06 .260F+06
.533€+06
2C.000 .000 -375 . 160E+07
20.000 12 -750 .37, .280E+07 .932E+06
?0.000 .500 12 ,750 .375 -41'lE+O? -147E+O7
20.000 .750 12.750 .375 .648E+07 -?16E+O7
2-0c0 12 .750 -375 .9 05 E+07 .302E+O7
2C.000 .2-50 14 .000 .375 .5 54 E+ 05 .185E+05
174 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 6-1
Continued
ROTA STIFF CALCUIATION, CYL. VESSEL
V ESS EL VESSEL NOZZL€ NOZZLE ROT STIF IN.LB/DEG
OD,FT ICK,II{ OD,IN TCK,IN IfuPLANE OUTPLANI
STD LONGI CIRCU

20.000 .375 14.000 .153E+06 . 508 €+0 5

20.000 .500 14 .000 .313€+06 . l04E+06
2C.000 -625 14 - 000 .547E+06 .182Er06
20.000 .7 50 14.000 .375 .663E+06 .288E+06
20.000 t.000 1 4.000 .375 .17 7 E+ 07 .590E+06
20.000 1. ?50 14.000 -375 .309E+07 .t03E+07
20.000 'l .500 14.C00 .375 .4888+07 .163E+07
20.000 1
"750 14.000 -718E +07 .239e+07
20.000 2.000 t 4 .000 .375 .100E+08 .334 E+0 7
20.000 16 .000 .639E105 .213€r05
20.000 '16.000 .375 .17 6E + A6 .587E+05
20.000 . 500 16.000 .375 -3628rD6 -121E+O6
20.000 16.000 .632E+06 .211e+06
20.000 .750 16.000 .996Er06 .332€ +0 6
20.000 1 .000 16.000 .205E+07 .6E2E+06
20 -000 1-250 t 6 .000 .37 5 .357 E+07 .119E+07
20.000 1.500 16.000 .375 .5 64 E+ 07 .188E+07
20.000 1 -750 1 6.000 .629E+07 -276E+O7
20.000 2. 000 16 - 000 .ll6E+0E .386E+07
20.000 I E.000 .725E+05 .242E+O5
20.000 18.000 .200E+06 .666F+05
2 0.00 0 .500 16.000 .410E+06 -137E+O6
?0.000 .625 t 8 .000 . 716 E+06 .239 Et0 6
20.000 18 .000 - 375 .l'13€+07 .377 E+06
20.000 .000 t 8 .000 .2328+O7 .773E+O 6
20.0c0 .25A 1E .000 .375 .405E.07 .135E+07
20.000 .500 I 6.000 .639Er07 .213E+o7
20.000 -750 18 .000 -9 39E+47 -313E+Cz
20.000 2.08O 1 I .000 .37 5 . 131€+08 - 437E+O7
20.000 20,000 .Et0€+05 .270E+05
20.000 ?0.800 -223E+06 .7 41E+ 05
20.000 - 500 20.000 .45E€+06 .153E+06
20.000 20.000 .601E+06 .2 6?E+06
20.000 .7SO 20.000 .126E+07 -421E+o6
20.000 't .000 20.000 .259E+ o? ,864€+06
20.jco 1.250 20 .000 .453:+07 .1j'lE+07
20.000 1.500 20.000 .71 4E + 07 .238E+07
1.750 20.000 .3-t5 .'ltJ5E+08 .350€+07
20.0c0 2.000 20.000 .147€+08 4g9E+07
"
20,000 .250 ?2.000 .E96E+05 .299E+05
20.000 22.000 .247E+ A5 .323E+05
2ri.00G .500 22.AOO .5078+06 .169E+O6
?0.000 22.AOO .375 .885E+c6 - 295E+o6
20.000 .7 50 22.OOO .140€+07 .466E+06
20.000 .000
't 22.000 .237E+07 .9t6E+06
2C.000 1-250 22 .000 .501E+07 -167E+o7
20.000 1.500 ?2 -OCO -79OE+07 -263E+07
20.000 1-750 22.000 .'116Fr08 .387E+07
2U.000 2.000 22.000 .'t 62F+08 .5 4'l E+o7
20.000 .250 24-000 .9t2E+C5 .3?7E +o5
20.000 ?4.LOO .27OE+A6 .902E+05
20.000 .500 24.OOO .555F+06 .'t 85E+06
24 .000 .970E+06 .321E+06
20.000 .7 50 24 -LAO .153E+07 .510E+06
?0.0c0 .000 24.000 .314E+07 .105E+07
20.000 z4 .ooo .519E+Oz .1E38+0 7
20.000 .500 24 -OOQ .37 5 .E66E+07 .289 E +O7
20.000 .750 24.000 ,127Er08 .424E+07
20.000 2. 000 24 ,000 . 1 78E+ 0E .592E+07
2C.000 26.000 .375 .1o7E+A6 -356E+05
20.000 z6.ooo .291E+06 .980€+05
 Rotational Nozzle Flexibilities for Cylindrical Vessels 175

'liable 6-1
Continued
ROTASIITF CALCULATION, CYL. VESS€L
VESSEL VESSEL NOZZLE NOZ ZLE ROT SlI f IN.L8/DEG
0DrFT TCK,II'I OD,]N TCK,IN INPLA}JE OUTPLANI
SID LONGI CINCU

2C.000 .500 26.000 .375 .604E+06 -201€+06

20.000 26.0C0 -375 .1658+07 .352E+06
20.000 26.000 .375 .166E+O7 .555ErC6
20.000 1-000 26-000 -375 .341E+07 .'l11E+o7
20.000 1.250 26.000 -375 .597 E+o7 .1998+07
20.000 1- 500 26.000 .375 .941E+O7 .314E+O7
20.000 1.750 26.000 .375 . 'l38E+08 .461E+O7
20.000 2. 000 26.000 .375 -'t sf E+06 .644E+O7
20.000 2E.000 .375 - 115 E +06 .384E+05
20 .00c .375 2E.000 .375 .318E+06 .'106Et06
20.000 .500 28.000 .375 .652E+06 .217E+06
20.00c 28-000 -375 .1148+o7 .380 E +0 6
20.000 .7 50 2E.000 -375 .',|E0E+07
z AA 1F''f
. 599 E+06
.123t+o7
20.0c0 .000 28.000 E

20.000 28 .000 .375 -644E+A7 .2152+07

20.0c0 28.000 -375 .102E+08 .339E+07
20.000 28.000 -375 .1 49E+08 -498E+O7
20.000 2.000 2E.000 .375 .209€ +08 .696E+O7
20.000 .?50 10.000 .375 .',1?4E+06 .413E+05
?0.000 30. 000 .375 .341€+06 .1148+06
20.000 30.00 0 .375 .701E+06 .234E.06
20.0c0 .625 30.000 .3?5 - 12ZE+07 -40E8+06
.750 30.000 -375 . ',l93E+ 07
lOAc.a\7
-644E+o6
.13? E+0 7
20,0c0 t .000 30.000
20.000 1.250 30.000 .375 -6928+07 .?3'l E+O7
20.c60 I .500 50 .000 -3?5 .1098+08 .364E+A7
20.000 1.?50 30. 000 .3?5 . i 6iE+08 .535E+07
20.000 2.000 30 .000 .375 .224E+O8 .7 47E+O7
20.000 32.000 -375 .1328+06 .441 €+05
20,000 3 2 .000 .375 .365E+06 .1?2E+O6
20.000 .500 3 2.000 .375 .719E+OC .2 50E+06
20.000 .6?5 32 .00 0 .375 .13',1 E +07 .436E+o6
20.000 32 .00 0 .375 -zo6E+07 .688E+06
20.000 1.000 32 .000 .375 .424t+07 .141e+O?
20.000 1.250 32.000 .375 .7 4OE+07 .217E+07
20.000 32.000 -375 .1178 +08 .389E+07
20.c00 1.?50 32.000 .375 .17?E I oE .57?E+07
20.000 2.000 r2.000 .375 .240E+08 .799E+07
2C.000 .250 56.000 .375 . l50E+06 .499E+05
20.000 36-000 .3?3 .112E+O6 .1378+06
20.0c0 .500 3 6. COo .375 .8 46 E+ 06 .282E+06
20.000 .625 56.000 .375 .118E+07 .4938+O6
20.000 .7 50 36-000 .375 -233E+07 .777s+O6
20.000 1.000 36.000 -375 .479E+07 . t 608r07
20.000 I .250 3 6 -000 .375 .E36E r07 .279 E+a7
20.000 't.500 36. 00 0 .375 .132E+08 .44OEr07
20.000 I .750 36 -000 .375 .'l948+0E -646Er07
20.000 2. 000 3 6 .000 -375 .271E+O8 .90?€+07
20.000 .250 40.000 .375 .1 67 E+ 06 .556E+05
2C.000 40.000 .375 .459E+06 .153E+06
20.000 .500 40.000 .375 .943E+06 .3148+06
20.000 40.000 .375 .165E+O7 .549E+06
20.000 40 .00 0 .375 .260E+O7 .E668+06
20.c00 I .000 40 .000 .375 .533E+07 .'178E+A7
20.000 40.000 .375 .9328+07 .311E+o?
20.00c 1.500 40.c00 .375 .147Er08 .490E+A7
20-000 1 .750 40.000 .375 .2'l6E+08 .72OE+O7
20.0!0 2.000 40.000 .375 .302E+08 .101€.0E
20.000 .250 4E.000 .375 .201E+06 .670 E+0 5
? 0.000 .37 5 48.000 .375 .554E+06 .185€+05
20.000 .500 48.000 .375 .114Er07 .379 E+06
176 Piping Stress Handbook

Table &1
Continued
ROTA STIFF CALCULATION, CYL. VESSEL

VESSEL vEssEL ilozzLE NOZZLE RO' STIF IN.LB/D€G

OD, FT TCK,ll{ OD,Ill T T{ INPLA'.IE OUIPLA}IE
CK,I
SID LOI{GI CIRCU

20.000 .625 48.000 - 199E+07 -662E+O6

20.0c0 48 .000 .375 .313Er07 .1C4E+07
20.000 I .000 48 .000 -375 -643E+07 -214E+07
20.0cc 1 .250 48 .000 .1128+08 .3748+o7
20.000 1 .500 4E.000 .177Er08 .591E+07
20.0c0 I .759 4E.000 - 261 E +08 .868 E+07
20.000 2.0c0 48.000 .364E+08 . 12t E+08
 Pressure and Stress Ratios

By merely multiplying or dividing, P/S ratios may be Austenitic Steels

used to readily determine: (Cr-Ni stainless,
Ferritic Smls such as Types
l. Allowable working pressure Temperature (Carbon and AlloYs 304, 316,
2. Working stress and 347)
3. Wall thickness required 0.4 0.4
900
950 u.) o.4
1,000 0.'l 0.4
This extreme simplicity arises because in the formulas o.7 0.4
1,050
devised to predict the stresses in a pipe under internal 0.7 0.5
1,100
pressure, the P/S ratio may be equated to a quantity that is 0.7
0.7
dependent only on the diameter and thickness of the pipe
and the applicable allowance for threading, mechanical
strength, and/or corrosion.
The general formula, adopted by the ASME Boiler
Code in the section on power boilers and the ANSI Code
for Pressure Piping is:
The y value in the general formula reflects the effect of
creep at high temperatures. In some ANSI Code sections
that do not cover temperatures over 900'F, the y value of
D_ 2SE(t--A) .4 is directly inserted in the formula; the formula with y
D-2y(t -A) = .4 is known as the "modified lame" formula. In Sec-
tions 4 and 8 of ANSI 831 the Barlow formula is used,
which is a special case of the general formula in which y
This formula may be written as: : 0. kr addition, Section 8 is based on nominal thickness
rather than minimum thickness; the tabulated P/S ratios
: - A) 2(t. for y = 6 tut 6" placed on a nominal wall basis by mul-
P/S
D-2y(t.-A) tiplying by 8/7.
Tables 7-1 through 7-4 give the precalculated values for
where P : Maximum internal service pressure, lbs/ the right-hand side of the preceding general equation for
in.2 each pipe size and weight based on a wall thickness
Ss = Allowable stress in material due to inter- 87Uz% of nominal and for values ofC varying from 0.0 to
nal pressure 100 in. in increments of .005 in. For any pipe size, wall
t : Minimum pipe wall thickness, in. thickness, and corrosion allowance the allowable working
A: Allowance for threading, mechanical pressure is found merely by multiplying the P/S ratio by
strengih. and/or corrosion, in. the allowable stress. Obviously, this relieves the designer
D: Outside diameter of pipe, in. from making annoying multiple arithmetical manipula-
y : Coefficient having values, as follows: tions which might be subject to error.
(Text continued on page 250.)

177
 178 Piping Stress Handbook
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222 Piping Stress Handbook
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248 Piping Stress Handbook
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 Pressure and Stress Ratios 249
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250 Piping Stress Handbook

Tbbles are presented for four values of y: 3. The following two solutions can be used to deter-
mine the maximum allowable working pressure per-
y : 0 @arlow) Ctable 7-l) missible.
y : 0.4 (Modified lame) (lable 7-2\
y = 0.5 (Average diameter) Clable 7-3) r Ushg the design formula from the ASME Code,
y : 0.7 (Creep) (table 74) Section VItr, Division 1, 1983, and the symbol
definitions contained therein:

P: SEt
R + 0.6t
Instructions and Examples
S = 12,900 psi

E : 1 .00 (See the 1983 ASME Code on joint ef-

Example 1: Determining Allowable ficiencies)
Working Pressure t"r,, .518 in.

Determine the maximum allowable working pressure in R: lnsloe

.. OrD"
2- tnri
raOrUS
"-'
accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, Section VIII Division |, 197'7 , for a 10-in. , sched-
ule 80 steam line, A106 Grade B materials, operating at D- (12,900) (1) (.518)
750'F. 4.8s7 + (.6) (.s18)

6 69.)
: l.lv: osl
).lo/
Solulion.'
r A simplet quicker method is to obtain the applica-
ble P/S ratio from the pressure/stress ratio table
1. List known information about the pipe. listing Y = 0.4 (Table 7-2).
Size: l0-in. nom. (10.750 Nore: In the ASME Code, Section VItr, 1983, for-
o.D.) mula:
Weight (or schedule no.): Schedule 80
riy'all thickness :Ze t .593 nom. (.518 rnin.)
".:
Material:
Code section:
,{106 Grade B
ASME, Section VIII
Division 1, 1983
*:?-,*
Operating temperature: 750'F
Corrosion allowance: 0 (The 1983 ASME thus P: SEt
Code formula does R + 0.6r
not include allowance
for corrosion, there- P/S : Et
fore, it is the respon- R + 0.6t
sibility of the designer
to adjust the wall E:1.0
thickness where cor-
rosive conditions ex-
rst.) P/S :
D"
2
-r+0.6t
2. Obtain from 1983 ASME Code the allowable stress:
2t
P/S :
S = 12,900 psi D"-2r+1.2t
 -w
Pressure and Stress Ratios 251

pE: 2t Design factor (F) for Type C : 0.5

consrucuon
D" - 0.81

thus, y in the basic ASME formula

The foliowing two solutions can be used to find the
P/S: 2(t -A) stress or required yield strength.
D-2y(t--A)
must equal 0.4 . Using the design formula from the ANSI Code
831.8, 1982, and the symbol definitions contained
With the allowable stress(s) obtained from the therein:
ASME Code, Section VItr, Division 1, 1983,
(12,900 psi) and the P/S ratio obtained from Table ?ST
7-2 (.r0M) P:---XFXEXT
D
P: SXP/S ^ PD
2tFET
P: 12,900 x.1004 = l.295psi
P = 1,100

T1 1't 7<
-
Example 2t Determining Stress or 11""*; : .562
Required Yield Strength
F:.5
E:1.0
Determine the stress or required yieid strength in accor-
dance with the ANSI Code 831.8, 1982, on gas transmis- T : 1.0
sion and distribution piping systems for a 12-in., schedule
60, gas line, A106 Grade B materials, operating at 1,100 (1,100) (12.7s)
psi at 250"F. s=
Q) (s62) (.5) (1) (1)

14'025
Solut'ons.' s- = 24.955 psi
.562
1. List known information about the pipe:

Size: 12 in. nom. (12,750 Since the stress or required yield strength of
o.D.) 24,955 psi is less than the minimum yield strength
Weight (or schedule no.): Schedule 60 of35,000 psi for A106 Grade B pipe, the pipe cor-
Wall thickness: .562 nom. rectly meets Code requirements.
Material: 4'106 Grade B
Code section: ANSI Code 831.8, . A simpler, quicker method is to obtain from Thble
t982 7-1 where y = 0, the applicable P/S ratio, and
Operating temperature: 250"F then multiply to determine the stress or required
Operating pressure, P: 1,100 psi yield strength.
Corrosion allowance: 0
P/S ratio : .0771
2. Obtain from the Code section on gas transmission:
Because we are using a construction factor of .5
Minimum yield strength : 35,000 psi from the ANSI Code 83l .8 and because this Code
Y factor =0 is based on nominal wall, we must use the .5 fac-
 Piping Stress Handbook

tor and an 817 factor in the following formula

along with our P/S ratio.
v:.4
S: A:0
P-P/S(8/7)(.s)
(e00) (6.62s)
S: 1,100 - .0771 (8t7) (.s) : 24,967 psj
2 tl3.000 + (900) (.4)]

Example 3: Determining Wall Thickness <06?<

t^:'""-" : .223
Required 26,720

In accordance with the ANSI Code B31.1.0, 19g3, for The nominal wall, T".-, is equal to .223 -
power?iping, determine the pipe wall thickness required 87lz% .223 x 817 : .254. Because the ANSI
for a 6-in. steam line, A106 Grade B pipe, operating at Code B31 . 1 .0 design formula makes no allowance
900 psi at 750'F at maximum allowable stress, with a ior- for corrosion and/or erosion, the corrosion allow-
rosion allowance of .050 in. ance determined by the designer must be added to
the nominal wall calculated. Therefore Tnon,,:
.254+.05O: .3M.
Sorutions.' Then, refer to Chapter 10 "properties of pipe,'
to determine the next thicker commercially avail-
1. List known information about the pipe: able pipe. which is schedule 60, having a nominal
wall thickness of .375.
Size: 6 in. (6.625 O.D.)
Material: A106 Grade B . A simpler, quicker method is to calculate the mini-
Code section: ANSI Code B3l. 1.0, mum required P/S ratio by dividing P by S:
1983
Operating tempetature: 750.F P/S:900=13.000:.0692
Operating pressure, 900 psi P:
Corrosion allowance, .050 C: Using Table 7-2 (where y :
0.4) across from the
6-in. nominal pipe size under the column for .050
2. Obtain from the ANSI Code section on power piping in. corrosion allowance, pick the pipe wall thick-
(1983) the allowable srress: ness having a P/S ratio equal to or greater than
that just calculated. This value is .0869. There-
S = 13,000 psi fore, tno,o = .375 based on a P/S ratio of.0869 as
y factor = 0.4 shown in the table should be used.

The following two solutions can be used to find the Note: Interpolation For values ofC and y intermediate
required wall thickness. to those shown in the tables, linear interpolation may be
used.
. Using the design formula from ANSI Code
831.1.0 and the symbol definitions contained Note: Special calculations: Only the lhree most impor-
therein: tant uses for the P/S values have been illustrated. Those
who would like to examine all of the uses are reminded
that the tables may be employed to indicate the effect of
PD^"
L:
''' +A operatmg temperature, corrosion allowance, material,
2(SE + Py) and pipe size.

P =900
D" : 6.625
Branch Reinforcement
S = 13,000
The various ANSI piping codes give formulae for the
E:1.0 reinforcement of nozzle openings in two respects:

1. The pressure area cut by the opening must be re-
placed by reinforcing the area within a prescribed
zone around the opening.
2. The welds which attach the reinforcement to the
pipe must meet certain (essentialiy shear strenglh)
requirements. The Petroleum Refinery Piping Code
831.3 (1980) gives detailed requirements in Section
304.3.3. The Power Piping Code B31.1 (1983) re-
fers to Section 1O4.3.1 for a detailed description of
this nozzle reinforcement design and calculation.
For convenience, reprinted here is ANSI Code
831.3, Section 304.3.3 in Figure 7-1.
Section 304.3.3 of the ANSI Code
831 .3-Reinforcement of
Welded-Branch Connections
Additional reinforcement is required when it is not pro-
vided inherendy in the components of the branch connec-
tion. This paragraph gives rules governing the pressure
design of such branch connections for cases where the an-
gle between the axes of the branch and of the run is be-
tween 45 and 90 degrees, inclusi.ve.
Notation
The notations described below are used in the pressure
design of branch connections. The notations are illus-
trated in Figure 7-2. Note the use of subscripts b for
branch and h for run. Note also that Figure 7-1 does not
indicate details for construction or weldins.
B : Angle between axes of branch and run, degrees
b = Subscript referring to branch
c : Corrosion allowance. in.
D" : Outside diameter of pipe, in.
,l : Actual corroded length removed from run pipe,
in.
: [D.o - 2(Tr - c)]/sin B
: d1 or [T6 - c) + (Th - c) * dr/z] whichever is
greater, but in any case not more than Dol
:
h Subscript referring to run or header
L+ : Altitude of reinforcement zone outside of run
pipe,1n.
: 2.5 (Tr, - c) or 2.5 (Tb - c) + L, whichever is
lesser
:
L Nominal thickness of reinforcing ring or saddle,
in.
T : Actual thickness ofpipe, in. @y actual measure-
ment, or minimum thickness permissible under
purchase specification)
Pressure and Stress Ratios
T = Nominal thickness of pipe, in.
t : Pressure design thickness of pipe according to
the appropriate wall thickness equation or pro-
cedure in 304.1 in. When the branch does not
intersect the longitudinal weld of the run, the
stress value for seamless pipe, of comparable
grade, may be used in determining t for the pur-
pose of reinforcement calculation only. When
the branch does intersect the longitudinal weld
of the run, the weld joint factor of the run shall
enter the calculation. When the branch contains
a weld, the weld joint factor of the branch shall
enter the calculation.
Required Area
-
The quantity (trdr) (2 sin B) is known as the required
area; in the case of right-angle nozzles, the required area
becomes t5d1 square inches. The branch connection must
be designed so that the reinforcement area defined in
304.3.3 (c) is not less than the required area.
Reinforcement Arca
The reinforcement area shall be the sum of the follow-
rng two areas.
1. The area lying within the reinforcement zone [de-
fined in 304.3.3 (d)l resulting from any excess
thickness available in the main run pipe wall and
branch pipe wall over that required by the proper
wall thickness equations, i.e., the thicknesses
Tr - tn - c and T6 - to - c multiplied by appropri-
ate lengths. Any line having a thickness greater than
that required for corrosion allowance and for pres-
sure and other loading considerations will occasion-
ally be in service until the excess thickness is also
corroded away. If this is the basis of the design, the
excess thickness cannot be used for reinforcement of
pipe+o-pipe branch connections.
2. The area ofall other metal within the reinforcement
zone (defined in Section 304.3.3 (d) provided by
weld and other reinforcement metal properly at-
tached to the run of branch. In computing areas of
weld metal deposits, the minimum dimensions re-
quired shall be used unless a definite procedure is
employed to instruct the welder to provide specific
larger dimensions, in which case lhe latter dimen-
sions may be used in calculations.
Fortions of the reinforcement area may be composed of
materials other than those of the main run pipe, but if the
allowable stress of these materials is less than that for the
 254 Piping Stress Handbook

BRANCH REINFORCEMENT

3O4.1 .2Sfaigfn Pipo Und€r lr{om€l Pr€aslrg DESIGNCONO|IONS:....... psig.......'F

(a) For motallic pip6, thg inlornal prgssrro d6ign thick-
noss 0) shall bs not legs than calculat€d by the lollowing HEADES BRANCH
Equalion 3, itt is loss han Do/4: Nominal Siz6
Outside Oiameler Dotr Dob
PY)
NominalWall
Tabl6 304. t .l Actual or min. Wall T6 T6
Values ot Y for Fenous Mato.ials
Matorial Spgc. ASTM
rempsraure 900& 115{, &
sh
O€gr6o"F Below 950 lO00 1050 1100 Abovo Allowabig Str€99 S6
Joint Elficiency E6
Ferritic
St€€ls 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 O.7 O-? Y Co€fliciont Y6 Y6

Auslonidc Me<fi./Co.., Allow. C6 eb

Sle€k 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 lhtorssc,iion Angl€ p
REQUIREO THICKNESS OF HEAOEB AND BRANCHI

PDoh
th=-=
'' 2S6E6 + 2YhP 2t.......x.., .. + 2r.......x..
PDcb ..x.......
2S6Ep t 2Y6P 2t.......x... . t 2x.,.....x..

LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT:

Oqb - 2(T6.C6) ... ... . - 2 r (....... - .......)

sin P

d2=d1 or = {Tb - (....... -.......) + (....... -.......) + 0.sx.......

Cb) + Oh- Ch) + 0.S1 = =
Sefecf farger ol lhe values, but not lo Exceed Ooh dZ = . .. ... ,
L4=2.5(th.Ch)=2.5(.......-.......)ot=2.5(lu-Co)+te=2.5(.......-.......)+.......
S€l€ct lossor of the valu69 (te = 0 if pad oi saddlg i9 not used) L4 = . . . . ...
REOUIRED ANO AVAILABLE REINFORCEMENT AREA:

Ar€a = thdi = .... ... x... .... = ...... . sq. in. required.
Ai = (2d2 - dt) (Th - th - Ch) = (2x....... -....... ) (....... -.......
A2 = 214(Tb-tb.Cd = 2r....... (....... -.....
A3 = tf = 1.......12 -.......
- A3 =....... r....... +....... i.....
At + A2 sq. in. available.

AreaA-(At-Aa-Ad . . sq. in. ol area in pad requrred - A4

A4 + 2 = sq. in. ol pad on €ach side ot nozzle = +2-.......
Ac-2=L=.......*

OEDusopadts =....... xL =......,

Figure 7-1. Reproduction of ANSUASME Code 831.3, Section 304.3.3 giving detailed re-
quirements for branch reinlorcemenl.

.
 Pressure and Stress Ratios

main run pipe, the corresponding calculated area must be Sample Calculations for Branch
reduced in the ratio of the allowable stress values before Reinforcement
being counted toward the reinforcement area. No addi-
tional credit shall be taken for materials having higher al-
lowable stress values than for the main run pipe.
Example 7-l
Reinforcement Zone

The reinforcement zone is a parallelogram whose
length shall extend a distance d2 on each side of the cen-
terline of the branch pipe and whose width shall start at
the inside surface of the main run pipe (in its corroded
condition) and extend to the distance La from the outside
surface of the main run pipe measured perpendicular to
this outside surface. (See Section 3M.3.3(c) (1)).
An NPS 8 run (header) in an oil piping system has an
NPS 5 branch at right angles (Figure 7-3). Both pipes are
Schedule 40 API 5L Grade A seamless. The design condi-
tions are 300 psig at 400'F. The fillet welds at the crotch
are minimum size in accordance with Section 327 .4'4. A
corrosion allowance of 0.10 in. is specified. Is additional
reinforcement necessarv?

Figure 7-2. This figure illustrates the nomenclalure used in ANSI Code 831.3, Seciion 304.3.3, 1980. ll does not
inJicate complete w;lding details or a preferred melhod of construction. (Reprinted courtesy of the American Society
of Mechanical Engineers.)

REINFORCEMENT
10.,*,".1 c=o'roin' ZON E

L4 = 0.268 in.

4,286 in. 4.286-

C = 0.10 in. 8.625 in. OO

Figure 7-3. Figure of branch reinforcement for use in Example 7-1 '
7-

256 Piping Stress Handbook

Solution t" : O.7 (0.237) = 0.166 in., or

= 0.25, whichever is less
SE: 16.0 ksi. t : 0.166 in.
Tr, = (0.322) (0.87t =,A.2{2 n.
Tr: (0.23? (0.87s) O.2U7 m. : Minimurn leg dimension of fillet weld : 0.166
L'4 = 2.5(0.282-0.1) = 0.455 in., or o.1ut
2.5(0.207 -O.l) + 0 :
0.268 in., whichever 0.235 in.
is less
t4 : 0.268 in. Thus, the required area, A1 = (0.080) (4.28O t2 - sin
dr: I4.s -2(0.2s7 - 0.l)l/sin (90') = 4.286 in. :
(90)l 0.343 sq. in.

dz= The rcinforcement area:

(0.207 - 0.1) + (0.282 - o.D +4':'6 : :
2.432 in or d1, whichever is grex er
z - I1l*o wall;
0.437 sq in.
A.z @.286) (0.282 -0.08 -0.10)
d,: 4.286 n. In branch wall, A3 : (2) (0.268) l(0.207 -
0.042) - 0.101 :0.035 sq in.
tr, =
(300) (8.625)
: 0.080 in.
. In branch welds, &:
Q) Q/2) (0.235)2 :0.055 sq
ln.
(2) (16,000) + (2) (0.4) (300)
The total reinforc€ment area : 0.527 sq in.
(300) (4.5m)
b: (2) (16,000) + (2) (0.4) (300)
: 0.042 in. This is more than 0.343 sq in. so that no additional rein-
forcement is required to sustain the internal prcssure.
 Design Criteria for Allowable Loads'
Moments, and Stresses

Design Criteria for Pumps with Steel
Nozzles and Casings
API Code 610: Steel Pump Force,
Moment, and Stress Limitations
The following criteria apply for pumps with 12-in. dis-
charge nozzles or smaller. The forces contained herein are
considered minimum criteria and should be adjusted
where the vendor has experimental or test data permitting
larger reactions. The vendor must submit comparable cri-
teria for pump cases constructed of cast hon.
Suction and discharge nozzles should be designed to
withstand forces and moments from the thermal expan-
sion or contraction of prping. Piping reactions should be
computed in conformance with ANSI Code B31 . or I
ANSI Code 831.3 for pressure piping and should be de-
signed within the limiting criteria set by this standard. The
modulus of elasticity must be adjusted for the operating
temperature condition.
Each nozzle should be capable of withstanding double
the forces and amounts listed in Table 8-1 applied simulta-

Table 8-1
Nozzle Loadings
Nomlnal Size ot Nozzle Flange (in.)
Fotce/ oment < 2 6810 12 14b '| 6D

Each top nozzle

E 160 240 320 560 850 t,2N 1,500 1,600 1,900
F, (compression) 200 300 400 700 1,100 1,500 1,800 2,000 2,3w
Fy (tension) 100 150 2W 350 530 750 920 1,000 1,200
F, 130 200 260 460 700 1,000 1,200 1,300 1,500
Each side nozzle
R 160 240 320 560 850 1,200 1,500 1,600 1,900
Fy 130 2W 260 4ffi 7W 1,000 1,zffi 1,300 1,500
F, 200 300 400 700 I,100 1,500 I ,800 2,000 2,300
Each end nozzle
F" 200 300 400 700 1,100 1,500 1,800 2,000 2,300
F 130 2W 260 4@ 700 1,000 r,2w 1,300 1,500
F, 160 240 320 560 850 1,200 1,500 1,600 I,900
Each nozzle
Mr 340 700 980 1,700 2,6N 3,700 4,500 4,7N 5,400
My 260 530 740 1,300 1,900 2,800 3,400 3,500 4,000
M" 170 350 500 870 1,300 1,800 2,2W 2,300 2,7W
J = Verticalgo" to shaft
M= Moneu ft-h z = Hoizontalgo' to shaJt
x= Axis parolzl to shaft
Reprcduced from Centritugal Pumps for ceneral Refinery Services, Suth Edition, 1981 , Standad 610 Table 2. Repinted courtes, of the Ameican Petroleum
Institute.

257
25A Piping Stress Handbook
neously to the pump through each nozzle, in addition to
internal pressure, without causing an hternal rub or ad-
versely affecting the operation of the pumps or seal.
The baseplate and pedestal support assembly should be
adequate to limit the shaft displacement, when measured
at the coupling, to a maximum of 0.005 in. in any direc-
tion when subjected to the loads shown in Table 8-1.
These loads represent the total effect of all external me-
chanical forces that may be applied to a fully grouted
pump base. They are to be applied to the pump through
the suction and/or discharge nozzle (see Figure 8-1):
For purposes of evaluating computed piping-imposed
external moments and forces, these forces be transferred
from both suction and discharge flanges to the intersec-
tion of the X, Y, and Z axes. An algebraic surffnation
should then be made for comparison with the moment lim-
itation just given. The vendor should submit alternative
criteria for pumps larger than 12 in.
Because a particular nozzle on a pump will not always
be subjected to the maximum allowable resultant force
and moment simultaneously, an increase in either the re-
sultant applied force or the resultant applied moment may
be made if the following limitations can be satisfied at that
nozzle:.
(F"iF.) + (M^/M.) < 2, F"/F, < 2, and M"/M. ( C
where C : 2, for nozzles 6 in. and smaller
= (D + 6)/D, for nozzles 8 in. and larger
M" = resultant applied moment at the nozzle, ft-
lb
E = resultant applied force at the nozzle, lb
M. : resultant moment (from Table 8-2), ft-lb
F, : resultant force (from Table 8-2) lb
D = nominal diameter of nozzle flange. in.
E io^
-de..
Figure 8-1. Pump coordinate system.
The resultant applied force or moment may be in-
creased up to double the values in Table 8-2 if the maxi-
mum combined limit on the installed equipment is not ex-
ceeded. This limit is determined by the summation of the
forces and moments from Table 8-2 on both nozzles si-
multaneously, taken about a point defined by the intersec-
tion of the axis of the shaft and the centerline of the pedes-
tals.
For heavy-duty baseplates the total applied resultant
forces and moments on the suction and discharge nozzles
should not be more than twice the eouivalent of those
given in Thble 8-1. For applied resultant forces and mo-
ments that are greater than these, allowable values shall
be mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the vendor.
Design Criteria for Pumps with Cast lron
or Aluminum Nozzles and Casings
Aluminum Pump Force, Moment, and
Stress Limitations
The following criteria apply for pumps with 4-in. or
smaller discharge nozzles (suction nozzles may be larger).
The forces contained herein are considered minimum cri-
teria and should be adjusted where the vendor has experi-
mental or test data permitting larger reactions.
Suction and discharge nozzles should be designed to
withstand forces and moments from the thermal expan-
sion or contraction of piping. Piping reactions shall be
computed in conformance with the petroleum refinery
piping code for pressure piping ANSI Code 831.3, Sec-
tion 319, and should be designed within the limiting crite-
ria set by this standard. The modulus of elasticity should
be adjusted for the operating temperature condition.
Table 8-2
Suggested Allowable Resullant
Forces and Momenis
(For Vendor's Standard Baseplates)
Resultant Nominal Size of Nozzle Flange (in.)
Force/Moment 23 4 6 810 124
F 430 640 860 1,500 2,300 2,',700 2,900
M. 690 1,400 2,000 3,500 5,200 6,600 8,200
 Design Criteria for Allowable Loads, Moments, and Stresses 259

Each nozde should be capable of withstanding forces Limit tension and comDression forces to 500 lb
from external piping determined by the following formu-
Ias: where F Force, lb
r Resultant of forces
X Axis parallel to shaft
. Suction nozzles: v Vertical 90' to shaft
z Horizontal 90' to shaft
F"(1.6w(50D w Weight of pump only, lb
D Diameter, nominal diameter
r Discharge nozzles: d Discharge or exhaust
S Suction or intake
F,6 ( (2w - F.,) < 50D
F. is the resultant shear force in the plane of any specific
o Top suction and top discharge nozzles are further lim- flange face.
ited by:
Each suction and discharge nozzle should be designed
F.. and F,.a : (Fx2 + Fz2)L/'z to withstand the forces described for the specific configu-
ration. Unit stresses in each nozzle should be limited to:
and for suction nozzles one-third of the allowable hot stresses for pipe sizes ( 4
in.; one-half of the allowable hot stresses for pipe sizes
F*(1.3w(40D > 4 in.; as shown in ANSI Codes B31.1 and 831.3.
Fr" (in compression) 1.2w ( ( 50D The baseplate and pedestal support assembly on pumps
(
Fr, (in tension) 25D having a discharge nozzle of 4 in. should be adequate to
F",(w(35D limit the shaft displacement, when measured at the cou-
pling, to a maximum of 0.005 in. in any direction when
and for discharge nozzles subjected to the following loads. These loads represent the
tot;l effect of all externil mechanical forces tliat may be
F*a ( (1.8w r F*) < 40D applied to a ful1y grouted pump base. They are to be ap-
Fra (in compression) (2w Fr") ( t < 50D plied to the pump through the suction andior discharge
Fra (in tension) 0.5w < 25D( nozzle.
F,a((wtF,,)<35D
M, : 3.0 W* ftlb
o End suction and top discharge pumps are further limited
Mv : 2.0 wx ftlb
by:
Mz = 1.5 W+ ft-lb
M* : Moment in Y-Z plane
F": G^'?+Fy.)- My : Moment in X-Z Plane
M, : Moment in X-Y plane
and
W : Weight of pump only, lb
F,6: (Fl + F"a'?)"'
For purpose of evaluating computed piping-imposed
and for suction nozzles external moments and forces, they should be transferred
from both suction and discharge flanges to the intersec-
F".(1.2w(50D tion of the X, Y and Z axes. An algebraic summation
Fr.(0.6w(35D should then be made for comparison with the moment lim-
F.,< w(40D itation just given.
The vendor must submit alternative criteria for pumps
and for discharge nozzles having a discharge flange of 4 in. NPS. It is suggested
that these criteria be developed as a result of tests'
F"a((1.8wtF*)<40D
Fra (in compression) 2w + Fy. ( < 50D
Fra (in tension) 0.5w 25D( (
F.a((w1F".)935D * Minimum W is 500 lb in tlpse computations.
 260 Piping Stress Handbook

Design Criteria for Turbine Drivers with D. : Pipe size of the connection (IpS) up to g
Steel Nozzles and Casings in. in diameter. For sizes greater than this
use Dc : (16 + IpS)/3 in.

The combined resultants of the forces and moments of

Steel Turbines Force, Moment, and the inlets, extraction, and exlaust connections, resolved at
Stress Limitations the centerlines of the exhaust connection and shaft must
not exceed the following two conditions:

At the operating temperature, using the hot modulus F.

(2s0 D. - M.)
"E," resultant bending moments are permissible up to a
value that would cause a bending stress of S5/4 in a con-
nection having a section modulus equal to the connecting where F, : Combined resultant of inlet. extraction.
piping for the same size where the comection is 4 in. IpS and exhaust forces, lb
or larger. On smaller size connections a stress of S"/3 is M, : Combined resultant of inlet, extraction,
permitted. (56 is as defined by ANSI Code 83l . I or ANSI and exhaust moments and moments re-
Code B31.3 (current issue) for the material of construc- sulting from forces, ftJb
non. ) D. : Diameter (in.) of a circular opening equal
The resultant shear force at the face of the flanee and to the total areas of the inlet, extraction
any individual component may not exceed 2,000 lb. The and exhaust openings up to a value of 9
resultant forces and individual components are limited in. in diameter. For values beyond this,
further as follows: :
use D. (i8 * equivalent diameter)/3
ln.
o Individual comDonents:
Components of these resultants should not exceed:
F-< 1.3w( 160D
F( .6w( 130D F." < 50 D., M_ <250D,
F,< w( 160D F
'vr < 125 D., My. < 125D.
F < 100 D., M., < 125D.
o Resultant components:

Algebraic summation of F." ( 1.6w

Algebraic surnmation of Fo ( w Vertical Exhaust Connection
Algebraic summation of F,' ( l.6w
r Combined resultant: For installation of turbines with a vertical exhaust and
an umestrained expansion joint at the exhaust, an addi-
(F.*), + F.y, + F-r)'" ( 2w
tional amount of force caused by pressure loading is
allowed. (The additional force referred to is perpendicu-
Use up to 100% cold spring and satisfl the operaring lar to the face of the exhaust flange and central.) For this
condition only. type ofapplication, calculate the vertical force component
The total resultant force and total resultant moment im- on the exhaust connection, excluding pressure loading,
posed on the turbine at any connection must not exceed and compare with the value of t/o the pressure loading on
the following: the exlaust. Use the larger of these two numbers for a
vertical force component on exhaust connections in mak-
ing the calculations just outlined.
(s0oD" - M)
The force caused by the pressure loading on the exhaust
is allowed in addition to the values established bv the Dre-
ceding up to a maximum value of vertical force (ib) o; the
where F : Resultant force (lb), including pressure exhaust connection (including pressure loading) of 151/:
forces where unrestrained exoansion times the exhaust area (in.2).
joints are used at the connection. except These values of allowable force and moment Dertain to
on vertical exhausts the turbine structure only. They do not pertain to the
M: Resultant moment, ftlb forces and moments in the cormecting piping, flange, and
 Design Criteria for Allowable Loads, Moments, and Stresses 261

flange bolting that should not exceed the allowable stress resultant forces and individual components will be limited
as defined by applicable codes and regulatory bodies. (See further as follows:
Figure 8-2.)
o Individual components:

F"(1.3w(40D
Fr(.6w(35D
Design Criteria for Turbine Drivers with F"< w(40D
Cast lron or Aluminum Nozzles and . Resultant components:
Casings
Algebraic summation of F,* ( 1.6w
Algebraic summation of Fo ( w
Cast lron or Aluminum Turbine Force, Algebraic summation of F'" ( 1.6w
Moment and Stress Limitations . Combined resultant:

At the operating temperature, using the hot modulus (F*2+F,r2+F''?),n<2w

"8," resultant bending moments are permissible up to a
value which would cause a bending stress of 56/4 in a con- Use cold spring, but comply to these limitations in both
nection having a section modulus equal to the connecting operating and installed conditions.
piping for the same size where the connection is 4 in. IPS
or larger. On smaller size connections a stress of Sr,/3 is The total resultant force and total resultant moment im-
permitted. (56 is as defined by ANSI Code B3l. 1 or ANSI posed on the turbine at any connection must not exceed
Code 831.3 (current issue) for the material of construc- the following:
tlon.)
The resultant shear force at the face of the flange and
anv individual component should not exceed 500 lb. The
F<
(s00D. - M)

where F = Resultant force (lb), including pressure

forces where unrestrained expansion
joints are used at the comection, except
RIGHT ANGLE TO
TURBINE SHAFT-
on vertical exhausts
/ M: Resultant moment, ft-lb
D": Pipe size of the connection (IPS) up to an
S-in. diameter. For sizes greater than this
use a D" :(16 + IPS)/3 in.

The combined resultants of the forces and moments of

the inlet. extraction, and exhaust connections, resolved at
the centerlines of the exhaust connections must not exceed
the following two conditions.

l.F.< (2s0 D. - M)

where F. : Combined resultant of inlet, extrac-

tion, and exhaust forces, lb
M,: Combined resultant of inlet, extrac-
tion, and exhaust moments and mo-
Figure 8-2. Turbine coordinate system. ments resulting from forces, ft-lb
262 Piping Stress Handbook

D. : Diameter (in.) of a circular opening o Combined resultant:

equal to the total areas of the inlet,
extraction, and exhaust openings up (F*2+Fry2+F.z;rnE2*
to a value of 9 in. in diameter. For
values beyond this, use D. Use 100% cold spring and satisf the operating condi
(18 + equivalent diameter)/3 in. tion only.

2. Components of these resultants should not exceed:

F* 50 D., < M* < 250 D.

The total resultant force ald total resultant moment im-
posed on the compressor at any comection must not ex-
Fy. 125 D., < My. < 125 D,
ceed the following:
F". 100 D,, < M". < 125 D,

F< (925D. - M)
J

where F = Resultant force (lb), including pressure

Design Criteria for Compressors with forces where unrestrained expanston
Steel Nozzles and Casings joints are used at the connection.
M: Resultant moment, ftlb
D: Pipe size of the connection (IPS) up to 8
inches in diameter. For sizes greater than
Centrifugal Steel Compressor Force, this use D" : (16 + IPS)/3 in.
Moment, and Stress Limitations
The combined resultants of the forces and moments of
At the operating temperature, using the hot modulus the suction interstage and discharge connections, resolved
"8," resultant bending moments are permissible up to a at the centerlines of the discharge comection must not ex-
value that would cause a bending stress of $,/4 in a con- ceed the followins two conditions.
nection having a section modulus equal to the comecting
piping for the same size where the connection is 4 in. IPS
or larger. On smaller-size comections a stress of S1/3 is
1.F.<
(463 D. - M.)
permitted. (S1 is as defined by ANSI Code B31.1 or ANSI
Code 831.3 (current issue) for the material of construc-
tion.) where F. : Combined resultant of suction, inter-
The resultant shear force at the face of the flanee and stage and discharge forces, lb
any individual component should not exceed 2,60 lb. MI: Combined resultant of suction, inter-
The resultant forces and individual components will be stage and discharge moments result-
limited further as follows: ing from forces, ftlb
Diameter (in.) of a circular opening
r Individual components: equal to the total areas of the suc-
tion, interstage, and discharge open-
F* ( 1.3w < 160D ings up to a value of 9 in. in diame-
F, ( .6w < l30D ter. For values beyond this, use D,
F" ( 1.0w < 160D = (18 + equivalent diamerer)/3 in.
. Resultant components: 2. Components of these resultants should not exceed:

Algebraic summation of Fo
Algebraic summation of Fo
l.6w F," < 92 D., M_ < 460 D,
Fy. < 230 D,, My. < 230 D,
Algebraic summation of F- 1.6w F,, < r85 D,. M. < 230 D,
 Design Criteria for Allowable Loads, Moments, and Stresses

Design Criteria for Compressors with where F : Resultant force (lb), including pressure
forces where unrestrained e xpansion
Cast lron or Aluminum Nozzles and joints are used at the connection. except
Casings on vertical exhausts
M= Resultant moment, ft-lb
D" : Pipe size of the connection (IPS) up to 8
in. in diameter. For sizes greater than this
Cast lron Compressor Force, Moment, use a D" :(16 + IPS)/3 in.
and Stress Limitations
The combined resultants of the forces and moments of
the inlet, extraction, and exhaust connections, resoived at
At the operating temperature, using the hot modulus, the centerlines of the exhaust connection must not exceed
"E," resultant bending moments are permissible up to a the followine two conditions.
value that would cause a bending stress of S;/4 in a con-
nection having a section modulus equal to tle connecting
1.F.<
(250 D. - MJ
piping for the same size where the connection is 4 in. IPS
or larger. On smaller-size connections a stress of 56/3 is
permitted. (Sr is defined by ANSI Code 831.1 or ANSI where F. : Combined resultant of suction, in-
Code 831.3 (current issue) for the material of construc- terstage and discharge forces, lb
hon.) M. = Combined resultant of suction, in-
The resultant shear force at the face of the flange and terstage, and discharge forces, lb
any individual component shall not exceed 500 lb. The re- D, : Diameter (in.) of a circular opening
sultant forces and individual components are limited fur- eoual to the total areas of the suc-
ther as follows : tion, interstage, and discharge open-
ings up to a vaiue of 9 in. in diame-
ter. For values beyond this use D,
o Individual comDonents:
= (18 + equivalent diameter)/3 in.
F.(1.3w(40D 2. ComDonents of these resultants should not exceed:
Fr(.6w(35D
F"< w(40D F." < < 460 D.
92 D., M,-
. Resultant components:
F.y< < 230 D,
230 D., M.y
F. < 185 D., M- < 230 D,
Algebraic summation of F* ( 1.6w
Algebraic summation of Fo ( 1.0w
Algebraic summation of F," < 1.6w

o Combined resultant:
API Code 661 Design Criteria for
(F*2+F.y2+F-'?)'n<2w Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers
Use cold spring, but comply to these limitations in both
operating and installed conditions.

The total resultant force and total resultant moment im- Each nozzle in the corroded condition must be capable
posed on the turbine at any connection must not exceed of withstanding the moments and forces defined in Table
the followins: 8-3.
The design of each fixed header, of the fixed header to
F< (s00D" - M) sideframe connection, and of other support members
should be such that no damage will occur due to the simul-
264 Piping Stress Handbook

taneous application of the following design iotal nozzle For the direction of loads see Figure 8-3.
loadings on a single header: The total of all nozzle loads on one multibundle bav
should not exceed three times that allowed for a singli
header.
The maxirrum allowable moments and forces for float-
Moments. ftlb Forces. lb irlg headers are a matter of agre€ment between the pur-
M- M, IvI, F,FyF" chaser and the vendor.
3,000 4,000 2,000 r,500 3,000 2,500

This recogrrizes that the application of th€s€ moments and

forces will cause movement and that this movement will
tend to reduce the actual lmds.

Tabte &3
Allowable External Forces and iloments tor
Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers
Nozzle
NPS Moments ft-lb
Slze, Forces, lb
Inches ilr lily M: F, F,, F2

lth 50 70 50 100 150 100

2 70 120 70 150 2ffi 150
200 300 2N 300 250 300
400 600 400 500 400 500
6 1,050 1,500 800 600 750 750 Figure 8-3, The direction of the loads defined in Table &
8 1,500 3,000 1,100 850 2,000 1,200 3. Reproduced lrcm Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for
10 2,W0 3,m0 1,250 1,000 2,000 1,500 General Refinery Se/.v,bes, Second Edition, i978, Stan-
t2 2,5W 3,000 1,500 1,250 2,W 2,000 dard 661, Figure L Reprinted courtesy of the American
14 3,000 3,500 1,750 1,500 2,500 2,500 Petroleum Instilute.
 Simptified Solutions for Pipe Stress

These tables are developed as a tool for the piping stress can readily be seen that the smaller expansion will deflect
engineer or the piping designer by which he can quickly the longer leg more easily than the larger expansion will
evaluate a proposed layout before he proceeds with his de- the shorter leg.
slgn worK. To develop Tables 9-1 and 9-2, a guided cantilever for-
It is important for the reader to understand that the ta- mula has been used to calculate stresses. If we observe
bles presented herein do not compose a rigorous solution our Example Problem 9-1 for an expansion ofX -92 =
to the pipe stress problem. Computer calculations must be in., the required offset is about 13 ft for a stress of 15,000
made for borderline cases. The tables are approximate psi (See Thble 9-1) and 23 ft for a stress of 5,000 psi (See
values onlv for two-anchor oroblems. Table 9-2). If Point A is attached to a piece of rotating
equipment, you will need to have about 23 ft to make the
system more flexible. If the system is attached to a piece
of nonrotating equipment, a 13-ft offset will be sufficient.
To find the thermal forces Table 9-3 is to be used, which
Example Problem 9-1 shows forces for a unit reflection with various leneths of
offset.
Consider the piping arrangement in Figure 9-1. Note that in identifuing pipe sizes the tables show wall
thickness and moment of inertia as well as O.D. All forces
Size: 8 in. are calculated from the formula:
Schedule: Sch 40
Material: A-53 Grade B F: 6 Ell1728 L3 (guided cantilever)
O.D.: 8.625 in.
Temperature: 600'F where F: Force, lb {:
E O-.ton, t tn.,
Coefficient of thermal expansion: .046 in./ft E= Young's modulus of elasticity, (30 x 106
psi)
The expansion for the 20-ft leg is X :
.92 in., and the I : Moment of inertia of pipe, in.a
expansion for the 10-ft is X = .46 in. By inspection, it L: Length of the shorter leg, ft

I Fys = 434lb
I
F.B = 6,949lb.

Figure 9-1. Diagram for Example Problem 9-1 .

(Text continued on page 291.)

265
256 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-1
Lengths ot Offset Required to Safely Absorb Various Expansions tor Piping Between Two Solld Anchors
(Stress Limit is 15,000 pst)

Pipe O.D. tength (ft) Bequired to Absorb Expansion A (in.)

(in.) ol o.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 o.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
1.3 1.5 2.3 .8 3.6 4. .3 4.6 4.9 5,4
1.9 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.8 5,2 6.2 6.5 6,8
2.3 3.0 4,3 4.8 6.1 5.9 7.2
2,6 4.6 6.5 6.6 ?1 8.9 8.9 9.3
4.5 3.5 4.3 5.2 5.1 5.8 7.4 8.5 8.6 9.1 7S .l 10.5
3.3 6.7 8.2 8.9 tg ,r t0.6 Lt.2 1',t t
6.6 5.2 5.il 7.4 9.0 rs .4 tl.l lt.7 12.2 I2 .8
l'.D 4.2 5.9 8.4 9.4 l0 .3 11.1 lr.:t 12,6 14,9 14 .5
rs .7 6.6 8.1 9,4 10.5 L2.4 l4 .1 14.9 15.6
5.1 8.9 rg .2 IL.4 12,5 IJ.5 l4 .5 16.2 r7 .0 17.8
74.9 5.3 7.6 16 .7 12 .g 13.2 14.2 15 .2 16.1 L7 .g 17.8 l8 .6
16,S 5.7 8.1 9.9 t2.a 14 .l 16.3 18.2
18 .0 5.1 8.5 10.5 t2 ,2 14 .9 15.1 17.3 l9 .3 2S ,2 2L .T
2g.g 6.4 9.1 11.1 12.a l4 .4 15.7 L7 .S t8 .2 26 .3 22,3
24.5 7.9 9.9 t4.l 17 .3 t8.5 27 .r 22 .3 23.4 24.4
30 .s 7.8 l1,l tJ.o IE ? !7,6 l9 .3 2g .8 22 .3 23,6 24.9 26 .7 27 .3
36 .g l4 .9 17.3 2t .7 22 .8 24 .4 25.9 28.6
42,9 9.3 r6.l 18 .5 2g ,8 22.A 26 .4 28.9 29 ,s 39,9
4A.S t4.l u.3 26.4 28 .2 29 .9 33.1 34.5
54.9 tg .5 I4.9 18.3 2L.I 23 .6 28.0 29 .9 JJ.5

Pipe O.D. tength (ft) Required to Absorb Expansion A (in.)

(in.) -r-:3 2.9 2.5 3,0 4.5 5.9 6.6 6.5 7,0
1.3 9.9 9,7 tg ,4 11.0 ll.5 L2, 13 ,2
1.9 u.d 9.9 l0 .8 t3.3 !4 .6 L6 .g 16.5
2.3 8.4 9.7 10.9 11.9 12.9 13.8 14 .6 15 .4 16.9 I7 .6 18.2
ro ,4 12.o 13.4 15.9 17 ,g 78,5 t9 .6 2g .0 29.8 22.5
11.8 13.6 L5.2 I8 .g 26.5 2I .6 22 .6 23 ,6 24.6
L3 .g 15.1 l5 .9 o.5
.l 26 .g 2I.3 23 ,9 25 .g 26 .L 28 ,2
14.3 15 .5 l8 .5 20 .2 2L .9 23 .4 24 .8 27 .4 28 .6 39.9
16.3 l8 .9 21.1 23 .r 25 .0 29 ,9 31 .3 34 .6
IS .1 L8 ,2 2I.0 23 .5 za .6 27 .9 29 .8 3r,5 34.9 38 .S 39 .4
19 ,9 22.9 25.6 28 .l 35,4 34.4 36,3 41.4 43 .s
74.0 2g .8 24 .T 26 .9 29.5 31.9 36.1 JU.I 4S .6 4I.7 43.5 45,1
L6 .O 22.3 28.8 34.1 36 .4 4S ,'l 42 .1 46.5 48.2
l8 .0 23.6 27 .3 30.5 36.1 38,5 45.3 47 .3 49,3 sl.1
26,0 24.9 29.8 32.2 JO.I 4g .7 43.2 45.6 47.8 49 .9 52 ,S 53 .9
24,9 38.6 4r .7 44.6 47 .3 49.9 52 ,3 54.7 s5 .9
3g .g Jt.5 39.4 43 .2 46 .7 49.9 5 8.6 61.t 63.6 55,0
36 .S 38.6 43.2 47 .3 51.1 54.7 58,6 51.1 64.1 67,9
42 .0 36.1 a6.7 51.1 55.2 66 ,O ?a I
48,9 38,5 44.6 49.9 54.7 59,1 53.1 67 .S 70.6 7 4.I 8S ,5
54.5 4r,s 47 .3 a2.9 5A.g 62.6 67 .S 7t.s 7 4,9 a2.6 88.5
 Simolified Solutions for Pipe Stress 267

Table 9-2
Lengths of Oftset Required to Safely Absorb Various Expansions tor Piping Connected to Rotating
Equipment (Stress Limit is 5,000 psi)

Pipe O.D. Length (ft) Required to Absorb Expansion A (in')

(in.) -6:i o.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 o.7 0.8 0., 1.0 1.1 1.2
4.9 4.9 6.9 7.5 8.0 8.t 9.0 9,4 9.8
t.9 3.4 4.8 5.9 8.4 76.1 l0 .8 tr .4 11 .9
rg .0 10 .7 1t .3 11,9
3,5 4.6 6,6 8,9 9,3 70,4 11 .4 r4.0 14.7 15 .4 16 .1
7 .4 9,r L6 .5 1r .8 L2.9 74,0 t5 .8
8.2 t0.r 11.7 13.0 14 .3 r5,4 l6 .5 17 .5 r 9.4 29.2
6,6 5.4 9,9 1r.1 12.8 14.3 15 .7 16.9 r8.t 19.2 26.2
8.6 7.3 r0.3 12.6 14 .6 16 ,3 lo I 20 .7 23 .r 24.2 25,3
ro.7 8.r 16.3 L8.2 20 .0 2r.6 24.5
29.5 36,8
r2.7 8.9 12.5 15.4 L7.8 19.9 2r .8 28,1
30 .9
74.s 9.3 t3,2 16.r 18.6 2q .8 24,7 26 .4 28 .g 29.5
33 .l
32.3
L6.0 9,9 19.9 22.3 24.4 34.6
t8,0 I0,5 14.9 18.3 2r ,r 23.6 25 .9 28 .0
37 .6 3 8,5
28 .0 1t.r 22.3 24.9 27 ,3 29.5
24 ,O 12.2 r7.3 27,r 24.4 27 ,3 29.9 32 ,3 34,6 38.6 40.5 42,3
30 .o 13,5 19.3 23.6 27.3 30.5 38.6 47 .A 43.2
36.s L4.9 21.1 25,9 29 .9 33 .5 36 .7 39.6 44,9 47 ,3 49.7 sl .9
42.A 15.1 22.8 28.9 39.6 45 .7 48,5 5I .I 53 .6 56 .0
48.0 L7 .3 24.4 29.9 34.6 38.6 42 .3 48.9 57.3 59 .9
54,6 18.3 25 ,9 31.7 36 ,7 4L.0 44.9 48.5 55 ,g 58.0 60,8 6 3.5
Pipe O.D. Length (ft) Required to Absorb Expansion A (in.)
(in.) i.s 2.O 2.5 3.0 4,9 4.5 5.0 6.q 7.9
1.3 rl .0 15.6 16 .8 18 .0 20.L 21.1 22,9 22.9 23 .8
1.9 13.3 18.8 26 .3 23,g 24.3 26.6 27 .7 28 .8
2.3 14,6 15.9 18 .9 20 ,7 22,4 25 ,4 28 .g 3t ,5
3.5 18.0 20.8 23.3 25,5 27 .6 29.5 33.0 34.6 35,r 39.6
4.5 29.5 23.6 26,4 29.s 31.3 37 ,4 39.2 4t,0 42 .7
26 .L 29.2 32.0 3 4 .6 37.9 4t .4 43 .4 45.3 49 .0
28.6 32,0 49,5 43,5 45.3 41 ,5 49 .7
8.6 24,3 4g.r 43.3 46 .3 49.r 51.7 56 ,7 59.0
ls.7 31.6 36,5 4q.8 44 .'t 48.3 54,8 66 ,5 63.2 65.8
L2.7 34.4 3 9,8 44.5 48.'t 52.6 66.9 68.9
14.0 36,L 4r,7 46 .7 Fl I q( ' 62.6 65.0 72.3 78.r
L6.0 3 8.5 44,6 49 ,9 54.7 59 .r 67 .0 74.L 77 .3 80.5
18.0 4L.O 47.3 52.9 58 .0 62.6 61 ,0 77.0 74.9 78,5 a2.g 88.6
26.9 43.2 49,9 5s.8 61, t 66.0 70.6 74,9 7 8.9 82,8 85,5 96.0 93 .4
24.6 47 .3 54.7 61.r 67 .0 72.3 82 .0 85,5 90.7 94 ,7 98 .6 IO2 .3
30 ,0 52.9 61..1 68.4 74,9 8q.9 86.5 9r.7 I6L,4 10s.9 110 .3 ]f 4.4
36 .0 5a.S 67.9 7 4.9 82 .S 88.6 L00.5 ro5 .9 ItL.r 1r5.0 I2A .a r25.3
42.O 62.6 72.3 89.9 88.6 95.7 L02.3 108.5 114 .4 r2g ,o 125,3 130.5 135.4
48.5 67.0 77 .3 85.5 94 .7 r02.3 L09.4 rt6,g r22 .3 134,0 139 .5 L44.7
54.9 7 r.g 82.O 91.7 109.5 rsg.5 116.0 123.1 L29 .7 r36.1 I42.I L4't,9
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9.3
Force (lb/ln.) ot Expansion tor L-Shaped pipe (No Etbow)

?.375 i0 12.;5 i . sc!.i. 5s PIPE

{IFF- l. J/J J.lt0 4,5S9 5.563 ii,6:5 !.6?5 lS.;Ss l3,ig$

,,t65 !.SS3 g,gs3 0.1t9 g.lr9 0,lg? Lt3{ 9.156
FI t.3ls !,3sc ?.8tt 6.?4t ll.84t ?6,{{t 6?.?6S t22.iAF
i 4!190 t6!94: Ig!586 99t457 t5{!!3? 344!?74 8l?r9fi9
J l,!li 5,5?t l$.849 ?iigg? tf,7r5 tEi,BE1, ?4t,t3E i?f.lgg
5t3 :!rtB 1.573 l!!td7 t9,t8g 4Jtt34 19?,486 199:?t l
5 :6? t!98{ :!3,11 5!789 ?,87! ?!rfi{ 52,4?3 lS!!991
6 i52 ,i2? I.353 3,35t 5!7lz 1?!751 3g!5i6 t9,62?
t 9$ 3t5 853 ?! ltg .3,19i 9,F35 l9! t23 37,169
I 5{ 165 57? lr,ll3 7,418 :!17? lt,gu Z4Jrg
7 45 t8s {9t 993 l,i9l 3,778 8!997 17,{8F
LE J3 136 ftJ 724 l,?3{ :,;5,1 6!3:l l2r?{9
?5 t9i 275 5{1 121 ?,989 {!9?8 9,578
19 ?n 169 4t9 714 11594 J.?96 7,378
l3 15 6? t33 32t 55t I,I5{ 2!985 5,803
!l {t tE? ?64 45t l!fs{ ?!399 {.i{6
rfl 45 s7 4 3AA 816 l!t{t 3t717
E 31 7r i7 3gr 672 r.6tt J.lr3
7 t9 69 147 tst 561 t!t35 2.395
IE 6 ?l 5i t?4 2l? 47i I,tIs ?.i86
5 ts, 43 166 lsg 49: 956 1!859
t, 4t7 99 t5{ 344 g?t t.59{
41532 75 133 7i7 7$8 t,377
JTJiI 68 116 f59 616 l!.1t7
?3 l tl 1{ 5t i'l ?2t 519 lr|4g
?l{:i 3l E9 i99 4r4 ?:!
:5 9 f9 46 i! l7S 426 Bt6
r6 t I l7 4! ;t i57 l7I
2i 1i'E!t 5J i1S 333 64S
:s l6l]3] 5i lr5 29C 5gl
?t !if!lg :l ll3 ;&9 5!5
;t I 5 ll ti 4$ tfz ?4t 47?
li r5t5:4 4l f: rit 428
3r l4r|2 :d €4 :ss 189
ll l4E?S lst 355
34 7i8tl iE l6i S?4
137ti;? 64 153 297
lg I 3 .6 :5 :i 5? l4r :71
t7 I 3 s l{ ?4 54 1?9 25?
:€ t 7 5 iJ ri :g t:s :r-!
3t r i 5 l2 :i ,iii lll 113
! ? 5 it It 43 19M9
g l, !€ 4s 95 lB5

FIRST 3 UNES ARE O.D., WAIL TEICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF NERNA.

 Simplitied Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table 9-3
Contlnued

i,l TE 3t $1. scH. :3 PllE

lq,Ei'd l i, dtit iS,S{0 :4. BSS 3il, tCg

7!l il. !5i S,169 6' lis s. i38 $,?lu 8.258
i6:.:iF 1*3.14F 167.it! 374.tlt 1151.5?f ?5S5.196

3 :3, [7{ 53.5;7 i4.i95 tli qiq tI4r:9: 3?5,9S7

i :t,;19 37.6:t 5!!i?l E?,943 164!551 199,396
ii..934 :7.,l]: lB!:94 :9, gg9 11?,95? 169,l9il
li i?,773 !g! $ld 28,771 {{, YJ0 9gt l16 ?g?,l!2
t? I,dSF 15.S75 ?:! lgl 14.6t1. 69, q?6. 135,8:9
1l i.7s8 l:!48i 17, iJg ii 7'jt, 54!i$l 1fl.:7r
i4 i, i7t 9!99t ll! 955 : l. ?9i 4J,71,5 9B! liE
iJ :r017 8. !3S 1,1-4S ! 35!543 i9,79fi
li 4,134 n!i?7 9,339 l4! 6t7 :9.?g$ .65.745
t7 I,{47 5,5ii 7.,;l{ f ,17{ !{!416 34! gil
?!994 4,ifr4 6!3,t6 :t!569 4A.l?5
l9 !!1Ji 3!9t9 5,591 B,lrt lt.4s9 19! ?6t
i?'i,lt
:! l17 3,4?9 4,787 j,47i in oEE
:i I, E?9 :.9&? ,l! 13: 6,459 t?!t53 7',g7B
ii 1. s9S :,:?S 3,5?6 !1-!61 23,798
23 1,39? ?! ?55 I,l{? +rYl0 I,gii ?2,l3I
it I,:?5 1,9S4 lt1ifi 4,I:3 g!677 1?.4i9
.
2t l,+ts4 11756 1,431 i tlt 7,b77 il!?35
!i 953 1,561 i,179 l,4dl 6, B?: 15,Jll
17 E&9 i,l?4 l,!46 i,st4 lStE?l
?2 i1L 1, t5$ 1,744 !.4$5 1?,:t7
:9 694 1r 1?5 1!5?g 4!il9 1t.04i
i?7 1,4i6 l.4lB 4,443 t. t7{
3i 5,:S t:t l!:85 4!g?7 I,Sli
ti 51; 137 L ii? t ilt 3.ii1 g.:18:
-rl 471 r6t 16S 1, !, Er4 l!339 7,4q3i
1T l]t 69s 9I{ I,65? 6!g3i
;: t?5 i4g 493 ?;798 i,rcl
.i
l6 liJ f,Ed ldl 1,ZS: E?t 5 li.t
31 $4 347 i5& ! lrt ?,36S 5,3lS
t8 lr9 rs6 ilg t, gts I,l8i {,rgri
i1 !85 46? 614 l,BgE 7'127 4.5'igi
1s5 4lt 5!S ,i1 l!874 4,?;iS
4i ;,ii' 39S 55$ ;$S I!:41 1,9!i,
4; ?2t 1i& :t7 :81 1,,tlt i, €3!
il-l 145 +sl 737 1.:S9 lrJ57
19? lt: 45S !,4gg 3, 16l:
IBe lEl 4f i6 r5i !316
I ?,955
174 !S: .rtl oi{ 1!l;; 2,1&7'
161 ?$4 lig 37t I, i55 !,9?4

FIP"ST 3 UNES ARE O.D., WAIL T'IIICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERNA,

Piping Stress Handbook

Tbble 9-3
Continued

:,:i5 T! i1. 75 Ii't. 5[H. tLrS pE

ufF- z,zil l.5E' 4.5SS 5.:63 i.it5 i.!I5 lJ.7:$ l:.759

stI r'i.lE9 9.134 S. lt4 f.l4r 0.1r5 0. ir[
Fi s.49$ r.8:s J. t69 8,4!t t4.3?i t5.4t$ 76.S6t 110.41f
I t,55S ?3!7!3 51,597 lgS,7B5 l8i.i6s 461,125
J i,i:! 7,g7i 15!:ifl If,:65 "EI.i46 lj6.itli !9t,S,l: i4t,74l
4 8l: ?,1t5 S,456 t,l.nj ?S,4jI :7,$4t I?S!.i{,1 !$.i47
.q
i16 tt:1fr 3,39: irstl 11,?98 ?9,31? 64.553 7!S16
r: :4t st9 l!9ll 4,863 6!i4l tl.frj7 3r.56i 6t,;ls
7 l5? sst t,?$3 :,559 4,31? tg,;i5 ?3,3{3 4216,+4
l0? 371 SF6 1.714 ?1911 i.:ti r3.i;8 28.:iB
9 il t,5s 5&6 t,rt4 2.557 5,S6S :d,9gl 2fr,86\
tg 5i l9s 4l] Si8 t,lgg tr!99 E,frei l4r$:i
t1 39 l4l 3t9 $59 I, l?? t: t7? 6!916 !9,99t
JS tls ?39 59S E68 ?!l]5 4,6J3 3!465
ll t4 Bi l8s t?9 i83 1,679 1,641 i,658
l? $t l$ 3?n 347 1,344 I.918 5.t31
l5 l5 3i l?2 ?ii$ {44 I, g9l it 3i: JJi 4!
li ll 46 ltl tl4 l$i 1 1,955 3.:i1
9:?
rl lt t9 8{ tlt 395 751 llils ?,177
9 3J il l5c ?5i iJ3 l!J7t :,_!F8
t9 B?865 l?t ?19 538 I, lS7 t, 133
0i{Jt ltg lE7 4$i tlEgl t!t?8
5IS45 t5 16? 198 S{5 1,5;9
:! 5is39 8t t4l l.t6 732' 1,5;-4
23 4lB14 ,1? lll 3S3 i-8 ir?g?
4!439 6J i9U ?97 5;9 i.956
;l::6 36 ?i !16 3if tie
I ll ?t 56 d5 ?ts 43i
17 rltzt 45 i6 lE7 4S? 743
:8 9194S JB ii8 165
i9 ! u rl 36 61 i5t ::e iE\
t i [] Jt 5i ll7 itl 54?
3l 2 s 14 79 :0 t:4 ;i9 491
t: 6 lJ 17 4& $3 ?44 44i
I q tl ?4 ,t? lsl 223 491
: ll 3:;S 94 tS{ li?
4tfi7tr5 86 lE? 34i
g
i6 ic i9 ti2 114
73 t:3 2A1
7E
3 S lt 2,1 57 146 :i7
J iltlf, 6! 135 24 r-

J 6 14 2i 3S r:5 221
4l 3 6 l3 il 54 116 712

FIRST 3 UNES ARE AD., WALL THICKNESS. AND MOMENT OF NERNA.

 Simplified Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table 9.3
Contlnued

rt Tlj lf Ill. 5L;1, lJ5 PtrE

0iF- !4. t5S i6.iSfr tS.otg :s.grs :4.t$9 :t.tsc

SET 4.189 S. lSu d,15fi s,:tt t.zi], E.lll
FT t?4.56S ?9t.9{0 417,?ES 6,tl .7r, t315,;4r 3:t6,316

3 t9,-1S5 59!3gg 94, E9l 1I4.S46 !S7rg97,J5?.l:i

t ?i,3it 4l, Tlii 59.6:: 94t1ql lEl. t,l9 ,i38! 149
tF.!i7 ii,4s1 4J!464 i9t041 l]7.S1: 333.991
ll 15, !t7 1?,345 3:,i55 51r87? 16?.?,ll ?5{,93?:
l? r1,719 t7.5t6 :5! 153 35,954 79,191 tglrig?
?!ll5 l3!E4d 19, ?93 31,425 6?!365 i5!.s21
l9 ?!186 lt,981 15.9{S ?5.161 49,933 r?i.7ii
l5 6.885 f!gt? t?,978 ?0,4i7 10,59i ig! 969
l6 4,948 7r4?4 l$,611 16.Eiri 13,431 Sl.5,ll
l7 4, i?5 6,i99 S.Bl7 14,g5l 17,Ess $7!?81
l8 I,475 5,?t{ 7!453 ll.B38 ?3!494 5i, i69
l9 ?!955 4.4J3 6t:37 1!r gn6 t9!?76 4E!694
I!5tJ l.egt 5!,133 B,6tB l7.l?7 41,;{9
2l !,lSB l.?83 4! 691 ?,455 l4! i95 16, t6{
22 I,9S5 ?.856 4. dB? i!494 ll.si8 3l ig7 !
2l 1, &,i6 ?,499 l! 3l: 5,i74 !?61 !7,451
1,46& ?,:$d J,l4,l 4,994 9.911 :4! l6'i
1t211 t!9'1s ?r 7gl {,41? S)769 llrl75
:E i. i53 I,73' ?,{71 I, i?g i,i dL l9.stoi
2i 1,636 545 :! l{E 3,5$8 5,99i t6!i$8
1r
?9 YlJ I,iUi I, iut J, 145 6,:,t: :5, 5,

19 i 1, ?47 1,78? 2! g3l 5;gi8 ll! irt4

83

3! tst l,gil t! 45t ?!3ls 4 !599 I l. ?ti

3? iJLt f?e 1,116 2,1.$7 4r lgl 16,ltl
3l 564 846 l,trt irgil ;,ilj f.itq
5ii 7i4 1! l,i6 1,757 l!4fl6 i,498
t5 473 iF9 l!dl{ t,6!g 3,196 7,19S,
4i4 65? 117 t.4Er ?,9J7 7. ist
7i ,19$ 64i E5S 1!161 2,7fi3 0!594
ii t6? 354 797 l,:5S 2,4i7 6.F87
l9 34! 3 7t3 t,164 t,3lg 5.63t
Il7 4i5 ,i;9 lr$79 !.1,11 i.Il9
41 ?94 44i 6il i ssi
t i 1998 4,846
4l i;1 41t 5s? lj? l.gll _i, Erg
:55 :e? 5,17 8fE 1!7?3 4! lnl
44 ;is J:7 sls 5lg 1:6ga 3! 9?1
::; 3:4 47i ;38 I !594 i-,605
+i ;$g :r: 147 7i!9 1,458 J!411
l?5 t93 419 $65 1,3IS 1.21?
FIRST 3 IJNES ARE QD., MIL THICrjI/ESS, AND MOMENT OF INERTI,A-
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-3
Continued

i,i ic ;t 1i{. siH. ts llFE

0Fi- l4.gtg 16.tdd li,orf :9. ftf 14.6r-t ix.Elg

:!1 9.t5J t.:50 8.286 {. ?if d.:"qf E. ir:
FT :55.:Sg tgt,56d ".4?,1ti 756.430 l3l.i.;4f -1lti.llt

t 4l5.5lS ,!:.1, {:3 E 3,719

:l:! 75d 3l!! 710 45i-,615 i3d! 16l

:
ill.ll? h5!4:3 ?64,s-!3 3o4,79? ,:J4!:!g
77!:li I16,51$ lg$!759 729,724 lt9!469 9;-3, ?ll
r :1, i4l 7s, i5i ilt,tit 1:3! t97 167. igi 65;,3t6
I 36,180 54,8?2 7S,466 liFB,987 i87, ?49 458. 149
:6,594 i?j ts5 5?.tt? ,a1,7?ti lti,f!: l3l,?91
II li,tgg 3Frg?E 4?,9i7 SirrFr 19:,?41 :5d. r3r
1? 15, i9t ?3, trE lJ. 193 45,:99 i9,2 l9l.:B:
IJ 1?, i65 15.l?t :6,s30 35,SA5 .33,:&5 l5:, S?t
iq 9, e?: i4.:65 :0,146 :s,715 49.tit t]t t7 ti
ii 1..589 l l,84l i$, i{9 i3.347 48 tE17 t3. ?6t
l6 6,493 9,i3,1 l;!965 t?,;3r lr,45l i!,541
li 5,41; S,113 i1.$43 16,SJ8 !i,SSS 67! ?8t
4,5iS 6. S:l 9, $tB i3,51t ?1,194 5?,:6?
tt l.s;7 5, B?7 S,34S ! 1,48S 19,9i6 ,tg,,ii4
'in l.l:4 4.t96 i. i:0 9, t,l9 ii ,111 41, t49
i.l :.t71 4, 31: i,li; S,:tg 14, ?95 16, $d.i
:I i, {fa t:, sta l!,Io;-
:, ig! I,:a: 4,78 t i.476 1l, 16l :;,431
i,9!1 :, E9l 1, i;t "i,7::S ?,?ii 14.i6t
t, ?5: 3! 55S :,661 5, g1i 8, ?i? :i.:i:
ii !,:il i,2i 4 3.:t5 4,4Ei 7. i ?.: i9,i.;rij
1,7 r, iJ: i{ fjg :,tsn 4. dtl i, tbi !b!ing
:€ l,:ii 1,rll ?. iii ) | Ji.r 5,j+: Itrji:
:t l, it:l i, i:9 :,14i l,:ll 5,iis i,r,6?4
tiJS 1.430 :,11? i.:l: :r,Cii l/,lltt
ii st-l i,:,it 1, t;g r.5;5 i. ttt
!t,:!l
iit: i, i:s I,iii ;.+f5 i, iEl iF. li:
..ina ! lii r iE,1 !, i93 3.e13 9,794
.iil :rilli f,l:S j, ir$J Jr +.!D ij,4?U
:5 llc i?i r ?:r l,ujs 3,it5 7,.1i8
ql; lsi r,rii l, r89 7.,1ii 7, r39
1Z' l, t:! I r:5i :,;S5 6,5t4
,iEs ;;8
'rt t, f4: :,{in i\a'11 it.:'C I
:q i4E i;4 ?.34 :,;iu z.iia i, iil.j
4t ;li it,t s!,i l.:il :.l'lt 5,::?
it )uc :u9 iJ if i, :13 l, tva 4,8,i5

FIRST 3 UNES ARE OD., WAI-L MICKNES& AND MOMENT OF INERTU.

 Simplified Solutions for pipe Stsesg

TEible 9-3
Contlnued

:.175 T[ i?.i5 It, scli, 4t FiFt

!ir- ;.;75 3.5J9 4.5*t 5.3;3 ,).t:5 oiJ 13. /Ju I-. i:d
E.
3ET 6. ?16 s.:3I $.!5u lgt, ,.32? $.365 B.4ic
S,
F; i.6id 3.dt8 i.2;:i 15. t6t ?!,14t ;t,4"s 16t,73t l*$.:5t
l,: S,669 39,:S6 94r 175 l9;.4:4 J66!4j: 9,N,E7l
:,568 11,640 :7,9S{ S9,496 ItS.57i :t9,6ii 61S, il7
I,i84 4!?ll 11,77: :4,61S 4F!Eg4 7r!i4 :61,61: 4rs,jll
i:5 r,514 6,91? l?,iii I:,45? i5,4f8 llt,?45 ?..i;!74
5 l:1 i,455 3!{Bg 7t;t: $.57: 34?959. 77,Fj5 144,7;?
7 ?f: 916 ?, t96 4,605 8.547 77,4t4 4r.fi{ ?l.lrl
o 135 614 1.471 3,685 i.7lo 14.i48 t:.i61 Sl,FtE
? 4It l!g3t ?, i67 4.dri ls!158 |?,917 4?.Frt
tG $9 5t4 75I l,5it :r?31 ?,551 t$.t4t ;.1.,!;!
tl 5: :39 36i t,t87 ?!!D: :,S?3 !2,I7t ?j,49=
l: 4t lEl 1J6 914 l,,!ti 4!376 9!lE! iElii?
!3 it t4l 3{3 719 l!334 3.437 7.6?1 1.1,:34
l+ I l5 1i5 37i i.$68 :!78: 6,lS; ii.l?i
;; 93 ??3 4i8 S!9 i.;17 4,t61 9.26r
:g i7 77 iS| 136 ?!i I,g{3 1,FuE t.$:-q
t7 64 153 3i! 59,1 I,t37 3.4d9 6.163
l: 54 1!9 ?i! roJ. :,:t5 :.8?t 5,3rI
ld 4E l'if ?3t 4I7 r, i€l :.441 4.559
zfi I 3? t4 i97 3ge r44 :r.ri3 I! ?$?
?1 34 !l tir ir? 815 l.Sr8 3,ti7
it 7 :i ;l t48 775 7rq l. jil :.t17
:; 6 36 +? ilo ill 6il tJj6 i.Ei{j
!4 5 2t 54 li{ :1: 546 i!!it r,2i2
:i- :d {8 lgi iSS 'lS3 t!$7: t:{irii
;i 4tg4t9' igi 439
1i 416tEat i{? is,l !5t i ciq
:3 3 i4 J,l i7 114 :44 ;si i.4:i
:!' I t3 Il 65 l?s lt$ it; I,16:
llt I 1? :8 iE 199 lag i?g l, IEE
ll 2 it t5 53 95 i.gl i5? t,g:.ii
l: :is:34839 fii stl ;54
il 2 r tl 44 U? :lg id8 3lF
l1 c t't {t ;5 lt! 4?6 :?i
l5 7ls3i ;8 l7t lrl i:Y
lii i 16 14 BI l,il 399 6i5
;: n l] .;l rs 149 ]J I t'L;
r; 0 i{ tl 5l ti8 3t5 :;!
.:1 5 !l ri 4? t7? lqi t2;
: l! t2 4n itg ;s: 4Ee
4i ! c li ll 43 itg :+3 i54

FIRS'T 3 UNES ARE AD., WAIL THICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF .NERNA.

Piping Stress Handbook

Tbble 9-3
Continued

:4 Tl ?4 It{. 5iH. 4t PIFE

CFF. !4.r$r li, fgfr tg.tto :t. t68 :-d.ft6

SET 4,43e 9.388 t.56: 6.591 €. rrET
FT 4r9.499 7J1,. ?4S I l]l.4US lit3.;dS 31?1.?76

g g?!3gl 149! ll4 :39,346 146,6:l ii96t 8,!l

I ti t 3li tg4! 597 167.194 143,44j-. {gS,Ei5
li, 44:;3? 76,!44 l??. El, I i7,4;-f, .r5,t,iS3
ll ll,il] i?,:83 9l,5Si i13!3i6 ?6?.7:6
t? :i,E!l 44, t23 ;g!il9 tg2,'!9? is6r!4i
B ?t,364 14,794 55!544 8d! 778 l5l.r13
t4 l6.t*r4 ?7,786 44,47: $i.,it6 lt9!877
t5 t? :?E.i 5t Ebl 36, t57 52!;E4 1g:.593
1{ 16,9?3 lg,614 :9! 79? {J,ll5 87.998
17 lE6
9! 15!519 2{.S38 3r,12? 7t! sJt
18 7r!71 13, f73 ?9,924 tg,4IS 6t! 1t8
19 6,5?3 lt.lt6 i7.7fl ?9,874 51,95S
?g 5,512 9,539 15! i54 !?! 194 44.548
?i 4!E3t 8: ?33 lt,177 19.163 39,49?
:: 4.i9I 7. t,tt I l.4,rO li,667 ;l,.io9
i3 l!i?7 6! ?66 ig,tsg i,l,3s6 79 t79!
?4 3,:36 5, Et3 d,E?7 i?,8iE r3.?S6
t5 ?,863 {! g8g t,gi$ 11.158 ?!!Es9
i6 l!543 4, Jl8 6! 941 ls,997 28,iii
:7 ?,!71 51974 6r?56 9riil6 iA.16S
:6 ?, E3B 3!473 5.:5r 8.rS4 li,2:5
?9 l.8ll I! 1?6 5, Ets ,Tii t4.ill
7

30 1, S57 l. S?4 4!;?t s! 573 !1.199

]l r.:g? !!::9 4.69n 5, t57 1i r!S3
l: 1,363 l! ll? 1.7?4 5,,ilii 1t.876
Jl l,:45 t! 1!: Ir 196 4r i38 l. 7
l,i llllg l!i4g 3,lti 4,515 9r di7
t5 lt54l l!779 ?.St6 {r 13t 8,ilt
;6 959 l!6J4 ?,616 3,fiF4 .7!n:t
.r-7 S8l l,3t: ?,499 3r g6t 7, il6
3B Sl5 1,3ur i.;i1 3,!J4 6!495
:9 754 r, ?B: ?1957 2.917 6. gSE
40 5t9 l,l9l 11967 :!i73 5!565
4l i{9 lr lfb I, t?l t,575 5, 17t
41 ;,i4 |,E?l 1.64i 395 4!gl$?J

4-r 563 959 1,335 !. r3i 4,,18?

44 525 8t5 I. E3I :,083 4I i61
.i5 191 33? l. tI? r.9jg l,9i i
46 4i6 7El I,:5{ g:3 J! 651
I!

47 43i 134 l,175 1,7i9 :1433

FIRST 3 UNFS ARE AD., WAIT TIIICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF NERTU.
 Simplified Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table 9-3
Continued

i,.i75 lLi lr.i5 Ii'I, Sgf. 5T'.; tlF:

:iF- :. J;5 3. ;gri {,:ril J,loi 0. nlJ b.61f, 19, /:t ii. /li,
5,ll6 LiSl U. iJ! $,rJB t.l?2 €.J,5: t.l?5
TT E.6,ts 7,73fr 15. i,96 19,l{6 i:.4{s 1it.73F l?t,l.:i
: s,i!9 19.196 94.1i5 19i.4;4 36$.435 94l.lll
,J4s ?l,rs4 :8,{?$ 1s8;57i :?9,$55 &rt,ll?
Mnl f.iil |,i72 :4,s79 {E!gtl l1;.i84 :il,6il ,i51.64t
: JJ!' ?!5t,1 i.afi l?!i35 23145: 6it4tE 133,94t !1i,779
i 3?t t!4i5 3,48S TtIl: 13,57? ;4!959 77,515 1l4,ilg
! tut qi6 2,lli 4,665 8!5{7 i1,St4 4c.8t{ 64!93!
i 115 ci4 1!{71 l!985 5,7?6 l,l!i43 3:'7{l 56.831
9Y3 431 !!933 ?,ld7 {!g?l lgll5g 12,967 19,914
tf i9 31{ i55 l!571 :!t3l 7.551 lir743 :t,d9t
rl32 ?J6 ld6 !,lt7 2t2i2 5,673 12,179 :1,861
li 4t lE? ,l3S 914 l'696 4,3it 9,i89 l$'839
13 Jl l4t 3{3 ]lq, 1,334 3,137 716?1 13.144
1t5 ?i5 576 1,968 2!;5I $.ig? lg,5sE
rJ lt 93 lr3 4hB 869 f,?3? {!gtl 9,611
t6 17 77 184 5Si. 715 1,843 4.989 7rld,l
17 14 64 153 l2l 397 1,537 3!4gg 5!9!l
54 1?9 771 5S3 1,295 ?!871 4,999
t9 lg 4& llil ?3S 4?7 ' l' !51 l'4'll 4't4?
:ri I l9 t4 tl7 366 t44 ?.t93 i!637
:1 ? t4 81 i7l 317 815 l!8tg i.142
li ?1 i48 r75 i69 1,37? !,71;
li6 ?$ l? 13S i4i ii?l 1.3ii ?'3??
;l 14 ll4 rl: 54i l!:ll !.1t5
i7{ tE 48 191 !88 4fi3 lrgT? I,g6?
:64 lS 4i t0 167 4If f53 l.o5'r
;t4 16 JS 8t 14f lB1 S"ql .11479
:3J 14 34 7? 154 J44 76J lllln
#J 13 Il &5 iig ,:rt 6s? I, lt]
l] t8 58 lg9 :8f 6:t 1.d79
;l : lt z5 53 93 :53 367 9i7
'':Z 2 ts 13 48 Sl t3t 5ll g8c

lll ? ?1 44 8? ztg 466 8t6

l{i g le 4g i5 lti {?6 t'i$
l5r i '.8 37 tB Li6 J5l bi,
i t6 34 6: l6t l:9 0i4
37 I 6 15 ll 5s !41 331 574
i.! i i i4 :9 53 l3g 383 5i9
5 ll ?7 49 il? l8: 19i
4fl 5 i! !5 46 ilS ii2 EI-l
4t i 5 :l 45 liS 113 4?i
FIRST 3 UNES ANE O.D. . ITAIL TEICKNESS. AND MOMENT OF NERTU.
276 Piping Stress Handbook

Table $3
Contlnued

i,i T0 4l Iii. ;iit, il.) !lP:

!iF- 9t,,6 l$.erlt lS. *6t

l+, :t.tii, 14. €tS lt, €tO li,r;0$ 4:,ts,
5Ei $.t75 9.375 S.t75 9.:,/-J C.i/: i7, J/3 9,3t7 t,3;5
ii .ii?.7*i sSi. FBo 996. bl, II l3.4iS 194?. ?9t 3S:9,44S 6658.9iS 1t6:1. i*0

s t5.tig l1{,156 li4,I tg ?i6,51{ 3i5: i6! i79,t63

i 5i, t61 3S,116 i 15,;5t i:t, :s4 :;7,5:5 547. tA9 95i,4t?
t, iB.E:9 5ir5:t b,l, it!4 I l5! tsi ;9?.3:3 i9S,96l Et3,6t7
il ??, i;'i 4lt ?tt il. l:9 a7,!42 152r FFg :9i.7$S i:lr 110 931, ?66
l; !i,4il lt,;s3 49r 5!5 r;,I:t 117!Et5 r3f.845 4Sl,4l Li{g. lcs
1i 17,$74 ?6insri 13.:41 5;,7?l 97,679 tSl. Sis 3! ?:9 50:,661
i4 14, isl ?!,3tl 3ti,6 {?,:6t 7J,;31 l{5.;7? t5i,783 493,tl!
l5 It.td5 17,348 24.89$ 14! 36i :9! 947 I l8! 193 its!5?: 3?t.8!6
t! ?,486 i4! ?95 lgi5l4 :g!:17 49!l?5 ?t,3Eg 169,l4l t?S.lil
ll 1,151t ll!91? 17. t92 ll,659 ,ll: lfil gl. i93 i4l;184 i!5: lgl
IB t,65i ltrg4g 14,4 lt!cSS i4,69? it.ll9 118. t36 i8t,7:4
li 5,$61 8!:3i l?.;:6 161 9lt ,49i 5i, 157 Ifi!t:g t$l,lts
29
4,351 i,lt9 19,5t3 :4! 49S :"q.:tt 4tr E,l3 s6,7S3 138! 3g?
71 ,1,193 6,3?t 9. lI73 12,::4 ?r,S47 4;. t;_l 74.899 ll9!47f
l,64i 5,,19t 7.u91 Itt,3?l 19.Ftl l;,46; 65,14i 193.9t8
:l 3! lll 4.il? 6r9t6 9r 5i3 l$,S:? 3t! tg: 57.rll{ tf.916
?!Bg9 4! ?15 6!E78 8,396 i4t6t6 ?8, S5d tle S365rA. ,qfl.

:: i.483 =:t747 5,178 7,413 12,t19 15,558 44r ll3 ?tr91!

It 3j:!t9 l,lli 4,tS1 E,:tt l l,51i ;i. cti l?.4ii5 $;, i:t
i? l.t:3 2, i7= 4!itg :r993 t51771 :F.:66
:rn
l.t6i :,66; :! glS :,:u4 t,: ti tg. t7l ;1,:tB 9r.49r
!? 1.39: ?,rgl 1.1,15 4, i56 S.:?i !!. t56 :5.4t I 45,165
I1433 :,l,it ;!ll: 4,:9if ;,,1t3 !1, i71 :-5.6t9 48.liB
i! i,lr$l i, t6t ?.575 l,;?l 6,1?l li,:?! 71 ]i] :r _iElC 1

l: i, 135 I, is7 :,:64 t, *,lil l:.1?3 -:1 i: i_l I

l3 t, ts6 t.6?9 :,3;8 =4t

1121,1 5,:lS : i, l;S
9Su i !.ltd :.lrb :, t;l 5, ilt 1!,i49 l:!o1t ;S,l-.t
i5 i9r i,3i6 1. t6rd :,;f5 4, il? i,384 16, tiE :5, t4b
'ii
s:] t,155 t. u9l :.4;s 1.333 i.:39 i4,'t7 13, t11
3i 76; I, 136 i,6;? :,:?i i.tt{ ,-.u73 i, dtl !l,913 I
J3 ;sg i, d,i7 I 5ll ! :. !14 i,3g; ,1,27,i i:.611 :t, i64
.ii 653 981 1.4i6 !,9:5 l,1l l !, ??5 It!69t 1S,i5?
tfri 5 1! 3t3 lt, E3!' 17,:ug
4i 3il iStt l,:i9 1 i,:r -r nlt i ?in 16,864 :!! 9:3
.l:
"=:4 iii i, 31 i j, tis :.;t! :. tg,i 9,36t 14. t34
+: 4Sg 73r I, i57 i,4:9 :::,i5 5. il7 8.7:4 it,9i5
-r;4
,i:,t id7 t3r i,:i: :,l;5 1,051 gr i]; i:, tui.
4.. 4:5 ri43 9Zr i, r;3 I. iid .i.173
'!Oar
4,: itY nt,:: JOJ i, irl l,iit :,i?g ;,::6 ll,16;
t?4 3i4 att 1,1li !.i41 i, 34: 6. i*l iJ.6:;
F.RST 3 UNES ARE AD., WAIL TH]CKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERNA.
 Simplified Solutions for Pipe Stress 277

Table 9-3
Continued

l.;i5 Tr l:.;5 ii,l. S[:1, 4tS PiFE

:iE- :.375 t.5gs {.596 :. tsj 8, 6;i r.$:5 lt.j.st l:. ilg
.:T d.l3.i ir.l l5 i.:t; s.:58 g. ?Af E, Jlt F. ic3 9.J/J
t. !6F i. i3i6 15.150 !1.14F 7?.ts, 1it.716 ?t9,ild
: I iiq it.:s5 ?4,173 t97.4:4 {i;
Jo!. ll;, ul I
i, i40 1i.tal 59,49i
I i6S.573 :;9,Si3 6?S, I 17
1,ts4 4.91! i 1,7;: !'i,678 45,Slil ?94 ?rl,6l? 'l:4.$47
i t7,
5 :33 :,5i1 s,t?7 l?,,!35 ?3.45; €t!4gg 113.945 zi?,,119
Li 3'i I 1,15: l,4SS 7r lll 13.5i? t4. t3B 7i.515 il1.7l5
i 7g? tlg !,lt$ 4! 6s5 9r547 :?ril4 4S,314 S,1.83?
3 i35 614 1,471 i! tus :.i?6 !4' 748 3:!701 5o,SJi
, '?5 4lt fill ?,li;
1r 4,6;1 19,33S 2i,967 i?! i14
6t ll4 isl t.379 t!i3l 7t551 10.741 ?9.'i17
it 3: ?36 5;s 1.187 7,792 5.6?1 17t579 !l,96l
l? 45 1S? 4i6 5'14 i!69i 4.17t !,igt l6,iji?
tl ;: l4l 341 719 1,3i1 3,437 7.6? i 13'?'i'l
l{ :5 il: l/i iln ir968 },i?:i 6,lt: lt,6t4
?l 93 ?:l {{8 Si9 2i;37 4. i'o 1 g,i:l
ts i,7 ;i i94 i86 it6 !.s43 l.trs i. is4
t? l,i 64 i3r 3?l 3i7 i,53i 3!,li8 5,9:3
l"i l: 51 ti! i7I :gl 1. ?t5 !,i;i 1,98t
:t .t6 i i5 tis 4;; 1r ii?l :'111 4'?4i
I i5 t4 tli 33i t44 l: t93 -l'cJ7
:l i4 it 17i 3r; 8tS i,6SS l, I'i;
j 30 7l l4s 2,1i l{t l, i7: :,;:i
6 ?u ,:1 llg :4 t stl t,li6 :.l?:
:4 ?3 i4 ll4 ]]? 544 l,:l i ],ii5
4 ?! 4S !61 le8 4sl :,0ii 1, u6:
ii 4 i.3 11 1i lii +lE t:: i, ri':
:i 4 Id :E Ed llt 3E,l 65i l.i7t
:U 14 14 12 lll ,li4 ?iJ i.l;i
I it ;l 6: lit Jli ..5i l. i?;
77 3 lt iF 5s ii9 :ge oii : ii;i ,

,r! it :: 3l YH ilJ :ir 't i i

2 lE Zi 45 89 i;9 il i :tE
9?t44 'di ilB 46i sls
"1J
Et94t i1 i?i. 1;t i 4'i
; r l8 17 tE 176 lli .5?i
:. iiiJ4 il li: i:9 ci4
:-- I :t 14t :ll 371
i
614:l :3 FE :t5 33i
')i : !3 27 ., :il jvj i1i
I 31?:5 4i i lr iil 455-
i1 5 li i3 1l I lF lil 171

FIRST 3 I,TNES ARE AD., WAIL zIIICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERNA.

Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-3
Continued

:.;;: Tu l;,i: Ili. SlH, ;(i llit

ti|- :.li5 +.:ru :.lsl i.d?5 3.i:5 it.:5i l?.;5t

tEi d. iig ir, iJ i 9. ii3 9,13i t.:t$ 5.3eii .:t.:r_i
t. big l. fts t, Slt! ;6, ilB 4i.49t lt5.7lt ?l r.9:e i6l.3i,i
!. : J 'iGI
:t.;$i i.5, ii; :i?.149 5:7,n]
l.:48 i5,itl l;,f79 7?r718 i:i,Ii.i 497,s53 8l?,itii
{ l, ,l ll 6,;t3 i5,64: lJ,6ii 65,?fi i?:,S64 344!?7! 539.4:t
5 ;ll l.:i5 3,Cri 17,?!E J3,;4f gi.di7 17i,6?i trrl,:d7
6 4it i!.q79 4,6:5 9,9ifl i9,5li :'r,9SZ lt?r;i4 114,_l5r
2d4 l.lsl ?.91i 1,2,.8 t2!19; 3Irlt5 64.36F lEt,itg
t77 i9? 1,955 ,1,?65 g!!38 ti,iFE ,i3.trl E,tiS
9 1?4 55i 1.J73 ?,t34 5!796 15,1{6 3d.r95 51.661
ifi 9S 466 I,gil :t153 4,?lE i!,dl? ;r,tts 3i,6i1
il 68 lf5 t:t l,6tg I.169 g,:74 li,igS t8,r?5
l? 5t 135 ii9 l,?46 :,441 r,37t L?,17i :1,i94
ll 4l 185 456 tSt t,9?0 5! : l$,s49 li,14t
l{ l3 148 155 igs 1.5i7 4,S$ 9.046 l;,iil
l5 27 1?S 2?7 ,i3S l!?:d i.?63 b,54: lt,l59
1r ?! 9t :41 5;6 i.gt$ t,889 i!li5 9,t95
t7 l8 8I ?{4 {t5 Bt8 t,?4i 4,4?4 7.d6b
1o ii I'ii. 36? 723 l: ggt i,786 6.458
l9 1l 59 it6 4 613 i.6t5 I,i19 .c!49t
2n ll 51 1:5 :i9 sli 1!J77 t.i6d 4,799
!1 ls 44 ltr ?33 ,i53 l.lgt :,li{ 4, gi?
I! 6 :3 94 281 J-9b i, Fl4 :,s7J 3.5i7
23 7 ir flz r7i 347 tqs I,Fts l, t9"i
:4 I }i i2 lsi ;d5 197 1,5!7 |!i21
73 6 ?i !4 tJ6 ?i8 1E.r l!4ll :,41s
2i T ti 3i tzi :49 617 1,::6 :. l{i-
11 2l 5i lEt :i4 5i9 i!l?? !, 5
;B 4 is 4t 9S l9? :tl 1,"56 l,il.
:: 4 L1 a9 t7; 45? 965 1.544
), l: t7 td 156 ,t$g EIS 1r 3i5
li J i? 142 l7g t41 l,;154
It 3 i; il i6 l!9 ;lS it4 f, i49
I; l 1l ?E 6it 117 1gi 614 1,648
l4 ls ;E 53 i6; r8t t6t 95s
i5 ; ??l 5" tS i1i ils E7r
:i I t il 1r ts ;li 471
,:di

l7 :
: 43 Ei z'Li 4:6 ?44
]E 2 t8 it 77 7 ,1i: i86
39 : 1 ii 36 7l lu6 37: 633
1,j I .5 ln il 6i i;r :8€
I 15 il i66 546

FIRST 3 UNES ARE AD., WAIL T'IIICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF NERNA,

 Simplified Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table 9-3
Continued

It lU {i Ll. lli1. /,: -irt

iiF- 14,igt i6,rd6 !3.fi9t is,69$ !4.tos td.tEt .r!.itE 4:,4t1

:;i i.3fg 9.11fl S.5i0 t.s{g t.st$ d.5FX t.tig J.iSt
ar ,i83.75J 711.9{d lr5t.li, Hso,8id 1349.J:!r 3e4:,?60 3iS6.:.t"i i4it5.5rtr'

n ts,4:t i.t8,?14 ?14,ls8 ;f6,40S 5lE,it?

t ot! 1?4597 156..i87
l -'i4, ?9S,1?l 164!:77 ;ld.4S,
is ts,i9l 7s,:44 ti9,783 !51. isi :&5.558 5:3,:t! iri,:ri
li,E6d 5?.!83 8f,423 114! it7 1it,5li ;t4, ill 547.6:5
i: :t,lat lri 63!487
44! t7 F?? iii i7q ini 95! 5??.647 sli, rsr
??.?36 14! ?94 49, tl4 69,075 1!$.87i :39, S67 416, i8t 663,4Et
iB!3i4 17.7gli 39.985 55,Jsi 9d.778 l?1.416 113.5.:d 33t, S:?
:5 i,l,93l ??,:91 3?! id5 44! 965 7E!644 l:5,i!4 ?il, 17t 113,:94
l:!ti3 li.6t4 :6,78J 37!g5g 64.f,31 l?8. ?3' !!3r,i45 i5t qiQ

t7 lt, ?57 l3,ti9 :?,339 :g!89? 34,05? 196, tt6 186, ?87 ?E] ECI

iE g!64i l3!671 l8rgll !6t 92t 45!555 t6.$it 156r95!

l9 7,34i lt,llo 15.99{ ?;! 123 38! 717 7i,373 ?t3,169
2I i llt q 5i{t !1 7t1 tA 11n ii lqq iE rqn i 14,4t4 I Cl iio

;l 5.1{l ?13 Er u,8{6 l6!387 tg!675 56,7t4 1:;,873

:: 4. i3? i,Ltg l$.Iui 14, ?5? ?4,ttg 4t,3t7
t3 3t 142 A!:si 1317 tr.4?3 !t g?6 ! 43,16t 1i1222 llsr 1i6
?'1 1,r45 5.515 7, t36 lt, t78 lt.:10 17! t94 ii,:gi Itir 7il
:"r l.!?: 4tg5g 7, B:! 9,1t7. 16,t96 :3, 5 93.:7I
t5 i,Ei7 4,3tS 6, ?4: 8!634 15,l$t ??, Sgl cl tiq
:!36S J, i7{ 5! 574 7,7t4 13.49? t6!ig4 46,493 /{,tuu
;8 t,:t6 3,471 4!5t8 i! 3 l;,s?7 ?3, t?6 +.t r 0Yl 66,691
l, :!sai l! lli {,49s s: i:! l4!gE8 :i,536 37,5?,'
l. Bt$ :,5:4 4.961 5,6;1 9.r35 19,4:3 ;3! 897 54. l5t
ll l.6tl :,5t9 3, lil 5, 99{ 8,9i4 17! 63t 1'E
t722
i: l,5is ?.I:7 i,319 {,631 e. !s1 it,9:9 -,i4. o l l
ll l e4e? l. t:? 3,d53 4, ?:3 14:6rs
"it6 13,36J
7 ?s;4is 41,.684
i.:g? i!94ji 7. 711 J!E6l 61i37
:5 l, 175 778 :r 559
I! l! 518 6t li4 !:,:5! :1,316
3,t r, gs$ t, ti4 :,151 1 ?q{ q ;q? lt :E9 lt,il7 it frl
37 995 t,595 ?.1&6 :,99A 3,?43 1$,3S9 18, t69 ?8,8$4
IS 918 l!189 t,t99 :.766 4,84r tt i?a 16!645
3t E49 I r:95 1.949 :,59S 4,471 ',312
9,95{ l5:429 ?4,647
ri:J ,.87 1.1?l I,;l{ ?!171 4.149 81287 l4, irt ii.u15
i1 131 l! :96 l.:92 2,792 I,g5i 7,6t1 l3! 279 :l r1t!

{? 6sd fi! l,4el

1, ?,648 l,:84 7!sdq t?,35i il,714
4l 634 ?59 1,339 1, t99 3.ItS 6! 696 ,l Etl 1S.lEl
5tt 695 r. 13€ l,79! 5.1ii ri,lii 1g,t{4 li, i!1
15 55i Sl7 t.ts4 r, 165 2, 914 i,i64 19, t41 ti, t4:
.i{ 5lg 7s; l, t?7 1!i59 2.7!g 5!.116 9,463
485 73i l,ts? 1,40i ?!559 5,959 g,dl3 11,98?

FIRST 3 I.]NES ARE AD.. WAIL TIIICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERTU.

Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-3
Continued

r.6?3 T! :.l Ii{. 5lH. 6t PiPE

r'iiF- s.6:: ls. ist !:.75s L4.Nt 16,6S9 tg.E d ri.gsd 2a.686
tEi t.Js6 0.55s t.36: S.591 0.656 9.7:, ,,Sl: S.?iS
85.i3t ilt. t5r 4fr8.429 55!.?t' 932,3:S 15i1,i;9 ??56.749 4{3:.it.J
7
31?,34; !l7,tt9
144.4:r t4,l.t7t $51! i?5 915.lBl
71.t1; 176,S!: 3;3,i63 46u,573 i7 6,t4i
0 _,i?.i?J tt?.]l4 193,104 2 !t6i 449,6?? 7l0,4it
: i6! t19 t4,368 1il. t95 2S3! 1{4 459.9t5 685. t57
liI,763
g 13,S51 43,1!l 8!.46S 114.398 l8t,&8{ 3t8, 154 45t, Ei 946.579
I l:,iis :9.:86 :7,?16 gg! 345 l33r ??l :16!{l$ 3r?.4i6 664!S
!. t4l 27,874 4l!716 5i!572 97,119 l57, ii5 :i5.$; 184,647
!l i.945 16! 388 31, i38 44,9i5 7?! 9.6 118,539 176,617 36{.1t1
!2 5rl4t 12,7i1 t{,1J8 ll! l!6 56, tS3 ?t.305 $&!f49 tgg,467
4.ts? 19.s49 lE,t65 ?t,i6g 44!:95 7t,814 106,999 ??t,595
IJ I,:69 4.046 15,:'il ?1.345 35,3t3 57, {i8 35.,r79 176,g2l
15 z.,7ic 6,54? l?.159 17! 355 ?8,7i i' 16.74t 6?,611 143,599
i6 t.:57 5.39t lS! 193 14,3tt 23!7!t tS,319 57,39? I l8! t?!
l7 1,8tst 4,494 8,4tfi 1t!91? 19,759 3!.114 47,8,18 9E!64r
1E 1,585 l!78E 7.15i lt, S43 16,653 i7r tsl 1S.lSE il.f$l
i,343 3.:19 6.gEl 9t 339 14.1:9 t3,Sfi 34.?i3 ld.65t
,:4 1.153 :,7nF 3, ?14 7!lil llt liig 19,7:2 ?t.585 6trigl
?t ??8 ?!;84 4r5t4 6,l:5 i9,187 l7! t36 !5!3d4 52!31;
i.2 s68 ?,flt 3,?t7 5,5' ?! 121 I4, Sli 22,977 15,:15l
?3 7rf l, 5 l,lig 4!gl4 7,r87 l?,16t- i9 lil i?,S35r

669 1,5?l i,'iti 4,317 ;, ii?5 il.{ll 17!it5 ::.S5S

:i: 1,4i3 !,069 ;1749 i,il5 !s,69s 19,845 ll t17 !
;! 5:6 1.?5! :,1;j j,3ii 5,i2i a"i1j 13,1t: :i.3i4
?1 47't tt ii! 2.1i9 :,9;6 4!t34 g.5i! lt.94l 31,6:i
:8 4?l i,ifi!' i,lrg :, 6ttg 4,4?4 7! 1i,,- lS!;f9 :t,9;B
:? ai9 163 l.1ii l,,lrl 3,?r: 6,469 9,639 ti,r12
,.:fi 34t Bl8 I,545 !, 15t 1.597 5,844 8!797 l?,fiS
3l ll9 711 l!4t1d !,96,i t, ?6i 5.196 7,991 i6,:69
3? 792 i74 l.l;J I,;87 ;. t64 .1,815 1|174 l,l.7tS
tl !37 6i4 I, i6t l.6l$ 2,i97 4,190 nr3ll 13,456
:t5 56: 1, 561 1,4!d !.4;1 4,t14 3,981 l!,ili
ir6 5lg r7l 1.3i6 ?. ?,t3 3,685 5,4S3 il,lEl
;; ItB qts ar4 i.:55 : rit: l,lf:
! 5,i:9 10,18t
-r7 i5r 436 EII l, r5r t, !17 3,1i3 4,i41 ?,5:B
3B 163 4i2 iig t, $i7 l,;76 7i8i|! {. fi4 E!c3:
It -q6 17? igl
I Fs7 I,ii7 :.sbt 3! ?il S.17t
49 i44 :45 137 fls 1.517 i,,165 ;,67i ;,5;3
.,: l t3i l?6 gs5 s5s I,4r9 :.?S9 l!4ll 1,i12
FIPAT 3 UNES ARE O.D.. WAIL MICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERTA.
 Simplified Solutions for Pip€ Str€ss

Table $3
Contlnued

l.it5 T! l?,73 Ii{. stH. uS PIFE

'i 5til 4.55t 3.593 i.6ti 8.S:5 tfi.7="6 1:'?3S

tiF- :,37:
5ET 9.:18 s.3ds d.337 ii.3il e.43t 6,8fii 6.it; i.6E7
at E. r6t _r. s9g S.orS :d.67t 49,49S lfii.i i8 144.8,i9 475.1.{S
I l,ljl sf.?{7 t;5, il; t69, r4l 327,272
I 3! 349 15.6t4 3tid78 7?,?43 156.:14 4S7.85i i41!6!l
i 1 ,411 6,33S l:,t{i 3l!6{4 !i!l$i l7?rSi4 l?8.5i8 7;3,?g:
: aii l.:45 g!EEt l?,t16 33!74; a8'697 iS4,036 395,?!9
5 419 I,S78 {!615 9!?$8 19r5i7 39.t3? i18,t77 ?!?,1:g
t.tS3 ?,?ll b'278 ll,?9i 3?!165 14,it|i 144!?84
s 17; 7r7 1,955 4!:t5 8,:38 ?l!5s8 4?.414 9t.66E
I t?4 55! 1,173 ?rt54 5!79& 15r106 14,9s6 67,88t
l9 9F {s6 l.tgl i.l5J 4!?r.g ll,tll i5,3t5 4114?6
ll 6a J0f, 75i i,6tg 3, t69 8,:74 1?,16? 37, 183
l? 5? :J5 :;9 1,?4& ?r4{l n!371 14.76S ?8,$4S
13 {l ts5 456 9St 1!9?S i,gi2 11.69t ?!:5;$
14 i3 llB I6i 7f,5 l!51; 4!0ll 9!:91 1s'g3i
Li 71 i:{ t97 639 l,?5F 5!?63 ?!53; l4,Si4
in t! 9? 1j14 5:6 l.$:t 1!659 6,11i ll!;83
i7 ll s3 :84 439 S5S ?,:41 5, 191 t9,871
lb l! '?,1 l 7t 169 7It I,gSE 4,373 !.'186
it ll It t,tD tl{ 6l:' l.d6t l,7lE 7,?l:
i9 lI 3t lr5 ri? 5:7 t.3i; 3,1s8 6,196
4t ld8 131 4i5 1.189 2ti'u4 i!144
::8 tE 94 ?A2 3!! lttl4 i.3t5 4,6{g
21: 7 13 s? ll7 34i 991 ?,t96 4,9&g
?1 7 z1 i2 15i 3t5 7l? 1,345 3.58t
:56 26 6t lls 17fi 7i3 1! 61? 3,167
?3 'J7 l:3 74s h27 l!451 :,S16
71 3 3l lF9 !!4 559 1;:t6 ?,514
:84 IE 4n tgi 197 ifiz I,i6? :,;5,1
li il 8E li..j 45? I 940 I' f?t
;tl !5 17 sd l3t 4ts ' 913 1,!ll
31 3 14 34 7: l4r 378 Ssi 1!66[
:ll lI ll ir i:9 ll& t'il 1.Il$
3ll lt 2t &6 ir7 iEh 7Li |,377
J4? ig 15 35 I'i :uB 849 1!:5-q
):J I tl, YiJ lil 5t5 I, i34
:il t :i 4i :3i :47 i, tsi
11 7 s28 4: 'ts
A3 iL7 564 li7
:e2 7lB I
:.q 1!3
1tF 2 717 36 ;i iii 4li si4
4fl 5 16 :4 io 17? 3!? iii
6 ti 3l bl l'i 3;0 ilg
FIRST 3 UNES ARE O.D.,IULL TTIICKNESE, AND MOMENT OF INERTU.
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-3
Continued

1q ic ?4 Iii, :c!. !B iIFE

EFi- 11.90S t60 lS.6ril

1,9. :s.{{g :4. gs!
!Ei 9.759 S,S43 L9-i7 !. iili l. i:e
i-T 697,31t 115d. ?9S 1833.46t ?771.61S :67t.839

3 1i9.ii5 ?35!t4t 173,0:i

'i t!, ?il 165.::l :6t, ?84 tt6, !t6 gl0,4i:
71,5t6 l:6,44i t9$,9S6 :88.71F 5t0,tli
il 51,ifl 90.494 143.491 : l,l, 9l: {43, sgs
1? 4l,4lJ tt,TrtJ l lS.5:4 167, I S.il.9gi
tl 3?,tgg 54! 924 86.939 l ,4ll 169.9ii
!4 :$, $l! 43,5t5 6t,6fl lr5, 5 r15,ll I
l5 !l !It4 35, $St 5i.:S? 85.544 175, S:6
l6 17,479 l9!4f6 46,6i8 ;g!496 !44,141
l7 l4t57l ?4,316 38!t74 58t 764 l!6.15=
lc n! ?76 ?t!6i3 3?t 748 49,504 lfl.t66.
1? tg,43E t7. t6' :7.t45 4?! 99? 56,137
8,t49 t5!S:6 ?i,8?3 36.tgl ;3,8::
?i 7 t73l l3,fi6 :9,6!3 ll, 175 il,796
22 6, ii4 rJl! 17.9J6 ?;, i14 55.,tS!
:3 5.ESi 9tlqg 15,6t7 !-:! 7:9 49,559
:.1i9 s,713 t3.sls ?r,sg5 4?.73A
?5 4,591 7!;99 12,2?i tE!,t77 37. Elt
?6 4,S7i 6,953 tS.!64 1ot 4?6 Jl. ill:
7i l,617 6,llt 9! 793 14,,158 36, d16
]B l,:61 5!4i7 F,7FS l3t t:I :6, 91,{
:9 ?! 936 4,9t9 i, E3t
:. s"? 4,4il 7,17 4 1S.613 :t,88:
lt 2,4i3- 4!S4l S,li l t, itl l9.El!
l? :.165 3.6i$ 5, S?B , el1 15,636
il 1,iE2 3,:5? 5!:t4 s, t34 16.,14f
34 t!g?; 3!d,i5 4.85t i.t4i !5.!]3t
if, 1,67C ?.SS? 4!4:4 6,7J4 t]! 7Et
lif 1,5i5 :.38? ,1. $93 6! lss l?t ii3
a7 1,4!l ?,37S 3t1ifr :r 7fg i l, i64
]B !r rTJ .j,'tcr 5.?i? ig,i|i
It t,287 r,Srt t,::o {,t67 9.969
tiv l,ll9 l.8Br i.954 4,511 9.? l

l,s3t t, i4g :! 771 4,139 g!3i:i

9b6 !!i!& !.5i8 l! 997 7,1i 4

+l 939 1,515 1,402 3,631 ,411 1

t4 !,i0 1,414 ?.:4: l.lst i! 936

45 7St 1,3:t :,596 Ir 1ig 6!494
,ln 736 l!:37 lttS? i! 966 6117g
41 699 l. t6u 1,94t 1 lrtl q ,igl

FIRST 3 UNES ARE O.D., WAIL THICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERTA.

 Simplified Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table 9-3
Contlnued

:.3;5 rS 1?,i5 li,l, slil. Bts PIFE

IFF- t.375 :.59t ,r.sEs 5.i61 6,&:5 8,$r5 i6.7S9 i:,;:d

iEl t. ?lg F.389 8.33? 9.375 9,43? g.stt g.:S0 t.3sd
:t t,8rF 3. EtS ?.619 ?s.67t ,ig.4tg 1S5,;llt rll.:59 16l':4i
; ll,tsl :s,?0i 1i9,ll7 ;6!!i4? 5?7,::?
1.34i 15,0?{ 3i,t?s i9,149 l:6,?14 4t7!856 8lt.716?
4 l,4ll i.3lr li,i4: li!i44 63,?SI i7t.f64 314.971 5tB.45S
5 i?3 3,?4i 8,tfi9 l:,!?6 3l'74I 88!597 176,6;t 301,?8t
6 ,119 1,S78 4!&35 l!968 19.5?; 5i!182 it?r?14 1t{.:56
7 3i{ l.iBl ?,9t9 6,!7i l?!ig7 3i!lt5 64!JrE id9'79t
t i77 79? l!955 4,?{5 8,239 ?1.5S8 43,1?l l3!i56
t t:{ 55$ t!37J ?,954 3!7lA 13,ld6 39,?s6 5iii61
LU tg 496 1,8c1 :!153 4,:18 llrFlz 2ztg18 $.661
69 3t5 i5! 1,618 3' 161 8,174 16,58S !8'295
l? 5?. ?35 579 1!?46 t,,141 6.3i3 l2t77i 11,794
l3 4t Ig5 45S 9lt 1,9?6 l!91? 19!649 17t14?
l1 13 l{8 J63 ?85 1,537 4.gll 8!646 13,72:
:s 27 tln ?97 618 l!t5t 3,:&3 t.542 1!,1:9
72 q9 :44 li6 1!g3i :,58? lrllt t.lts
1l l8 83 2$4 438 8t8 ?,:41 4.41{ ir6i6
l9 16 76 1;2 3i9 i73 1!8Eg J!79! 6'{i8
It lI 5? 146 3i4 6i5 1,6i3 3r?19 i,491
iii fl 51 l:5 ;69 5?? 1,3?7 ltltr 4.;0u
:l ig 44 ls8 ?33 455 l.l8t itSg{ 41967
:1 s 3r ,4 767 3l$ 1.s34 1,613 3,537
:3 7 ll a2 177 34i 9S5 1,815 3!S95
:4 7 it 71 156 lt5 717 1,5?7 2,i24
:5 ri ?6 64 lJE 27* ;t5 l'4ll l!{ifl
t6 i 13 it 1f3 2$ it7 l!!55 :, i4l
i..1 5 ?l 51 169 ?14 559 1,1:: t,9il
:8 4 l8 46 t8 19? 35: !,St6 i!716
?? 4 t7 4l 88 lis 452 955 1,144
3 15 J7 *t lsa 40t Slg l'195
it 3 l{ 34 7r t4l 175 741 1ri64
:? j: i2 3l si l:f lJ6 t7{ 1! 149
:l I 1l :8 6E tl7 3s6 614 lrg4s
: 10 15 s5 Li7 ?SS 562 ti8
33 r I t3 5S 95 ::7 515 u7t
:6 2 I :t 4i ,fl :J6 471 E7
.11 ? i 7fr 43 g3 2t7 436 114
ls 7 i 1S It i7 281 4t? 686
J' 2 7 t7 36 71 ii6 3i2 6i5
44 I 6 16 34 5g 112 145 383-
4t 1 6 15 Jl gt 169 3rg t46
FIRST 3 LTNES ARE O.D. , WAIL TTIICKNESS, AND MOMEITT OF NETN'1.
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-3
Contlnued

?,3;5 T0 B.i!5 IR, Sti{. i:is FIFt

rFF. ?. i;5 J,sSt 4.".J9fl 5,:63 6.6?5 !.61I

3iT 9.436 S.itS0 9.b74 ,.73t 0.S64 9 giS
9T i,ili: 5.ttg i5.iEg lJ.6Jt i6.3t0 i6t.9git
2 t7 ,i7 4 78,921 199! 556 4Jt.95l gt3,;t6
J ]. UiY ?l 1!q 5S.9gg l?1,7b1 ?35.9F r:1,911
4 ?. it4 9,7tl :4.S7i 34,7{4 1t7! t63 ?S3, ii4;
i | liql 4! 994 t2.t36 iB,i?9 5i,?77 l:{! ts7
o ii? I! gts t.J71 l6r ??g 3l, ?89 78,I l8
; t9s l, g?o 4,642 lg!ill :9,145 49.194
i :67 i I0 Jr 199 6,843 11,495 32,95i
t lE7 95i ?! 184 4, tr6 9!478 :3,146
lt lt7 6?4 1.5?? J,5d4 6, t 16,871
ll 103 46t 1! 196 ?t 6li 5! 191 17,{17
t? t0 t6l 9!l ?, i?B J.9t9 !t i65
li 6: ?t4 174 | qqE
3.1{5 7,6gi
!4 5d ?2i :8S 1! ?li ?,518 d.l{t
l5 ,tg i85 471 lrd38 2,847 5.106
l0 iJ l5? ittY Etl t,687 4, tit
i7 !g l?i $4 713 l!416 3!{34
ii ?3 Ln? 173 6fi 1, 1.35 :! 893
19 ?g .,1 ?t: 5t I |,'tgi ?r,i6g
:!,t 17 t8 r11 43S F64 ?,!89
?t rq i7 tIz 378 ;46 t,8?;
:: tl 59 l5u l:t r49 1.:85
?3 ll f,l I3I :EE 5{8 I,3S7
;4 ti 45 I l! :51 c6!i ! :11
La 'l !t lEi :i4 44: 1, gE8
:6 l?? l!3 tiit
?77 1.i2 El i7s i:l H:f
L6 ts it tEt ils ii?
?li :0 65 :41 :t3 iit
:r' : !3 59 iti t1h 6ll
:t !l iis 232 566
t:4 IY 4t l'i itl 3:5
i1 4 t7 it Y,l !9! 4,19
4i It !7! 42'
iti !5 i/' 5l lbl 3?4
i3 14 ;5 l.V i6i
li3 t? Jl 59 i35 33J
li? li :t i4 1:6 trEE
]?T ti :7 5t ii6 ?84
itl iJ lt :3 lfit 261
,ti : I ?3 5i Lli' :,i3

FIRST 3 UNES ARE OD., WAIL T'HICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERNA.

 Simplified Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table $3
Contlnued

d.6i5 Tl ?4 iH. sCH. lEg PIFE

,itt- s.6:5 i,J. i5S i2,75S 14.u6g 16,99t 13',Jrio 2g'fr88 :4'oti
:!T g,5 S.1r8 S.443 r.937 l.g3t 1.156 l.:81 1.5:l
:; iit.3?s :86.139 16l.65g S?4.41{ lJ64.,l3t ?179'6SS l3l5'ttS e€:1.i?..

+ 157.467 46i,7t9 914 t 144

tgl. tt3 ?38,441 4S8,i4? 6g7r63g
,5 58.559 1:;,9BS ?7,J!854 397.5S7 659!99?
1 16!t45 86,896 179'569 ?59!375 41{,36t t$l.955
I :4!693 58, 4 114.2i8 l!7!73? 277,513 445!{5S rzi.+lr -:
I 17,tJ6 4t,E!5 St! ?54 ll?:gg4 t94,?i4 3ll!455 473!6Bt 9it.Sl7
tfr t?,63s :t.8s5 5S,5t5 gi,g7f r42.1?8 r?7. S5l 343rJl5 i13.7tB
ll 9,495 ?!.393 43,956 64!322 196,?93 l7t,5B7 259,44S 5lg.??;
l? 7!It1 i7,?4S Il!E5t 4?.699 93t ?59 lll!195 ll ?. aJs 413!t51
l3 5!75? 13.166 ?4.619 39,SBl 64! S9t 103,146 l5?! 175 3:4! 969
l{ 4!656 ig! 8&? :1!lil il!?97 5lt7i6 BI!iq4 t?5,S41 169.lgl
l5 1,745 8,83t 17,335 ?5,446 4?,1l? h7 t274 1g?,315 ztr,47t
J,585 7,?7,1 14,:E4 :g! 946 i4.699 55,,11: s4.rt5 174.?18
t7 ?!3?t 6,967 11,9dS 17.,lso ?8.939 4i! !14 7g,2g| 145, i7l
?,157 :,111 !g! jil2 l{!?:5 :1,17t 38,51? 5?! 6 l ,l5g
i9 I, B4l 4,145 S,:3f 1!,::l zg,72t 33,19; 3S.3{r 1$4,956
!,:it t!7?6 7.3iI lt!i35 !7t766 ?St I8l 4J. 164 g!t ?15

1.3i3 ;. a i,:li I,lt3 t5,347 !4,51? 37,Zli i71467

i: IttgT ;,799 3!494 8,0i5 13t348 ?1,l?3 5l,4lS n7! tlg
:3 1,639 ?,43fi 4!!i9 ir S5l lt!69! lg!661 ?8,iBl :8,i69
:,1 914 :, rs6 4,?t: 6,?12 is!281 16.{?4 :{.t79 il,,r:9
?, Edr l.lsg 3! i44 5!4?6 9,dr6 14,5 ?:,1SS 4!r e7g
!6 it? i,69i 3,3:9 4,SS6 a,da7 t?,!lg l9!64; 40. 6t8
27 64? I,514 2,?77 {:363 7r:?l 11.515 17,144. 3s, ?6i
?s 5?6 1,35t ?.s6: 3r !!? $,4i5 16,343 13,;3i 3?!:13
7i 3ts l!::? t,ltt 3,3?1 5rE?g t! 319 !i! l:? iq!164
45S 1.164 z,lhi l! !8! 5, t64 8.469 12,73? :6.41,i
:1 4?4 1! 6!if i,9ri4 ?,lu; 4,ii | 7!6!l ll,igl :i! t5g
380 919 lt 795 2,ill {.:3t 6.1:9 Ig,33X:' ;1r;dl
3i ;i? st9 !!i!a ?,l9t 3.953 6! 319 9,&S9 l9,i6f
:4 ;;? 7iB I,,t89 ?! lg5 1,616 iri'ii f, iu6 l8! i59
it5 095 i,365 :,,i93 1,315 :t:96 8,t54 i6,6,io
I$ lii iri i,::4 1tS41 It {;16 ,i, Ai6 i,4tt 1:,;t7
:,i9 584 1,155 l,6ti ?.896 4,1g: 6!El? 14, ttF
:i :;f 341 1.,,6u l!5$5 ;,i9s 4.1:r 6,t9-r !l,tt7
3i :13 :8? 986 lr44g i,;t6 3,9!t 5.8?l l:,il:
191 ,i6, tl4 i 3,1? t 2!77t 1,518 5! 196 llr l:]
il 1fl3 4t? 849 tli,li !, s6: J,:94 5,019 li! l:6
FIFST 3 UNES INN O.D., WAIL THICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERNA.
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-g
Continued

4.i i0 l:.i5 I{. sti1, lit FIPE

UiF- +.:|tP -.J,:oi n.61f, 8.6?5 lt.75S r2,7?fr

SET d,436 g.5gg E,5,J? t.71S r.B4l l.SrS
F1 i 1. di, ?5.71s 4t.6lt !4r.:lt l?4.:it 641.6$S
2 l:1, s4t 115! t4g a4t! 9tl
; 14,99? ?9!?7! 191,3!9 5,1:,lBt
I lg! igl I s9,746 ?is, i36 5?i.7ll
-,11.
ga

9J 7ig
?t 443 4i!J4?
r lli,lll ??f. tEg 3t4, i?s
h 5!g?4 t!,4t9 23t 9?5 67,77{ 156,t59 3i?,445
1 i! 54t 7!9t3 15.SS6 4?,S8t 9S.465 l?4, Eit
a ?.371 5,t35 l0.tt3 ig! 59? 65, ?$4 lt$,547
I l, &$i 1ttt77 7,989 ?fi!081 46,3?? 91rgE7
t,?15 :,6S6 5.16S 14,639 il,7;3 6,5,541'
It 3 t,014 3rg8l t0! 999 ?5,375 59,118
l? ;0J 1.551 t!t9t c.47? 19.545 lB,rdl
i3 rr J.JL 6,66J 15,3?3 3S.4?3
441 9ii 1! gg3 5,115 l?.1t8 :4, t59
l5 t6g ii4 l!531 4!338 l$!997 19,8i,i
l,: 2?7 654 1, ?6? 1,374 8.t45 16.JiA
17 247 546 I rg5: It ?8t 6!87{ ll,6Fi
ts ?gE 46t SSi 2.:10 7!1 i1,461
51

it 171 i9l ?33 ?, ii4 4!9?4 9! 745

2g l5r 135 l;!i I,EJd 4r7ZZ 8!l:5
?l l3l ts9 . 55s i,:Br 1,647 7,;i?
:? I t4 :5? 4t5 11175 3.17: 6, i7;
:3 lsg 2?s 471 1, ?S3 2,17& 5,494
EB t?4 i74 1.f59 ?! 443 1.435
t5 r8 17? 331 937 3! 16! 4, ?79
;b il i53 294
?; 6? 136 ?S3 i44 t!71d 3,196
!$ 55 172 n5 661 1.53? I,945
:t IS r tg ?1? 6SS f! 355 I! i,li
45 99 l9t 54? l!:31 :1476
]l 4t srt 173 491 1,134 ?,244
3? 17 s? l3g 447 1,031 I,E4B
tl 34 75 l{4 487 94S l!96g
31 6S t31 37: S5? i.;91
i5 ?i 63 l?1 141 789 1,55t
li ?6 57 ill il1 j74 i!43r
31 i,i 53 !92 7AS 6i7 1,l2j;
ti t: 49 l{ t67 &!5 l!?18
;9 1fi 4i F7 217 ;,)t 1,1:i
4t 11 1t ilt ?2i 5:g I,944
4l iu lY /f, ?l? 4t, ,ifr
FIRST 3 UNES ARE AD,, WAIL THICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF NERru.
 Simplified Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table 9-3
Contlnued

I,t 10 !4 il{. scll, 1i0 PIFE

cFt- l4.E9t ri.g00 lE'tlgg ig'g$n :4.d0,

iEI l.gt3 l.tlg l.3lt 1.-5Eg i.sl!
9ir.5:r' l:55.419 249S.irgt 3;5{.13S 78?1'53S

'J lsr.11: Il$,441 568,!34 7,5t,;g!

l]?,819 !22,i32 :36!tsl 539,43S
,i 96,s:5 16?,S?? :oS! ?lB lil,g58 gl5,t57
It 7:,746 l?l 710 195t3{5
r
?93.gsl 6ii.l65
t2 56,933 93!761 159,589 :?6.36i 4il !61?
i3 4{![7] 73,]{7 tl8!4{? t77t996 379t987
t.l J5!?96 59,i{6 94.83? l{?!514 ?i7,933
15 28,6t9 48,967 77,19? lt3!8A9 ?4t.49d
l6 ?3!619 3Yr33& 63!539 95,473 ltg.9g9
t7 l9,7rg l2!978 5?,965 79!597 155!S9g.
lo 6t?
16! 27,182 44t6i9 6i,p54 l3?! 756
t9 l4,tt7 ?1,$ll 37,9J8 57,914 I lB! 839
76 t?,1f5 !g!::3 J?,5?7 48,8S? lSl!88?
1 19,455 17.495 ?s,69S 4?!2?6 83.01S
22 9!i9l 15t ?1$ ?4.418 3&.7?6 76.546
:3 7!958 13,3t7 ?1,187 3?! 141 66! 999
7.6t4 ll.7?t ls.si{ :8.r8€ 5t,?6s
!5 6, t97 ltt 169 16,654 2:,0:8
5?. t64
i$ :,5t9 i!?iB 14,sd5 ??!:30 4!!37J
?i 4, 9 8.:lt L3|7Zt t9,Ee8 4l.,lS9r
ig 4,111 7,lgl trl,g:4 i7r 4 17,l:9
:? l, ?79 ht 643 19,6d9 16.S34 33.419
3,596 rrB t.6Jg t4r 4f,4 38,187
JI 3!:id 5,,139 Et 735 13, !I7 2l! 359
l? 2.t55 4,145 7! i4t ll.9i4 :4.F74
?1 ?,6i4 4.Jg' 7,:41 19!98? ?l! 6Bd
2!4$3 4,1?? i! o2l iri1fi ;s.737
T5 ?,?55 3,7?9 6! fl$g i,l?l 19.019
I$ ?, sis 3,471 5!577 8,lF? 17!47$
37 I r9l: 3,lt? 3.1i7 7,72i 16.Sll
33 l!7i5 ?!?33 4, i{? 7r 117 !{.854
i? l!63? ?!731 4r 1fl7 6.59? 13.74t
4g l!5ll 1,53? '1.066 ri,I lS l:!755
{t 1.465 ?!351 3!7?6 3. r74 l l, E:6
t,3f7 ?! lB7 l,5l? 5,378 l l, ttl
l!2tg ?,gJu :,;73 4!919 1f,. ?5t
l, t]t l. tt? ]! i53 4,591 ?.568
45 l!g6J ttiTg I, ai6 4,391 u,944
t95 l, ot5 ?r 671 4, gls s.i74
47 133 I,561 l! 5d& 3,7 67 7! 850
FIRST 3 LINES ARE O.D., WAII TIIICriI{ESS, AND MOMENT OF NERNA.
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-3
Continued

E,iir5 T0 :i iii. sCH. t4t FIPE

iiFF- S,6?5 iS. r'55 l:.75d l4,ei6 lA. it09 iiit r-f,!tF6 :1,iFE
l S,
5EI d.El: L.t1g l. ltS t, ?5s t,438 1.375 l.tiF :.tif
ci 193.i:t 167.dtt ?9t.:SS ld?7. rig l?!9. 14, ?,llB. Stg 4?15.i:S E!::. ti$g

: , fi6t
4 :38! 198 598.64?
ltg! lil tr6,565 :Sl, i9? g5,r, Btt
! 74t l13 r77,373 t3l,84l 4rs, i7s 049. t?5
7 46,6e4 111, igg it?! 75t 31t 9t3 53{.7!6
r l5gt6:?
Jl.t75 74r8JE i4t,5?7 :98.984 155. i?4 5{iB.:lB 857,6;:i
9 :t!965 5?.5i6 tFi,lf? 146,776 ?51,59i 356,95?
ls li.gl3 igr313 7:,97{ 11t7,[its 18J.41I i66, ?.lS 439, l:i StS,4lS
ll t!,9J1 ?a!795 54! 8?6 8rr 391 !17, it9 195,595 3:t.9!3 67i, flD
li ?.367 ??.17! 4:,!3S 9:l 196,l4l
6l! t5s,5s9 ?54, i:5 it9,9:s
!3 7.?S8 l7!419 J3,ltt 48,793 83!,18t 11fl.44? tt?r976 408,93t
ti 5,836 i3.9$t 26.594 tg,994 i6t94l 94,95r r6r,gi? t?7.,1l9
l: 4,744 11,35? 3l 6?? r il,7t4 54,344 17,r8? 130, I l? i66, !S4
i6 l.9st f, i54 ti,31,5 zi,lt3 4{r7lg 63,330 19i, ?09 t1t,i45
17 l, ?59 7! 799 14, S5; !l!7;r 3i,t3? ri.965 89.381 tB7,97A
?,746 i,569 t?r5lJ ts, i4i iI,449 4,{.6tt 75.?C6 l5,i, dsi
1.9
?,135 i.5s6 10,639 15, sss ?6.71s 37, ?38 64,d:? 1ig,9E7
td l, s-g! 4,799 9, t?t iJ.t73 ?t,9?6 ,5!7 :4,ECl I l!.3S5
!1 1,7?9 41177 i tEEg ! 1,554 S05 ?9. s?8
19. t7.4i i 97, citJ
;i r,:94 ttl98 6. E53 lit,i4t 17,:?5 :4,418 11,:4S !4..:,ii
:3 1! llE 3,149 5,ItS 8.7t4 15.i71 :i,lBi 36, t9: 73, e4:
l, l5g ?\i7 | 5, iit ,i{E 13! t6a tB, s;4
i ll,;ii 64,iri
lt i, fii5 714";7 4.67d 0,94! ll.7;c int iii4 :e! iE4 :7.:is
:i 91r ?,l"qs .i, t:: i, Sgg lf,4l5 14, !rt5 l,l, ts4 31,lli
:7 s14 l, t4? 3, is? 5.436 tr ilg 11,:!, :;,:10 15,0,15
!u 7:i I,;4: 3.;:4 ,i.!i4 E,155 1i, r31 :;,br,t 4it. ?:7
i9 i57 l,:i! :,99? ji.la7 7,5:d li. tit l 18,i,i5 36, a3S
59J t.4!? 2. r=83 i,96t 6. i93 9,518 1i,i64 ;t.!?:
lt 51.3 I,:Si :,i5t 3, it: e,l5r 8,7i5
:i l$l i, li9 'j,:?i l! ts5 ;.59i 7. t41 li.4Jl :7r1i5
44s l, i66 :, d3l 21977 5! l9{ 7,741 l?!:t9 :5, tgg
4St 9?i 1, a57 7.72L 4, itsi i,5;1 1r 1;Z ii Eio
l5 l7i 3t4 L,,19? :,'i96 4,!i8 6! 669 lA )A.1 1l tlaa
t4l !:l 1,:d4 ?,:91 l, t:] 1,1i1 t, il; 1t,;:;
r; lli 7i6 i,441 ?: ll? :,.s: t 5,1]7 0 tti l? 1?;
:d i?: i?r t. s 1,9"id J,:41 4,;4? ; ;;r ii :;:
-:9 :;i i4t l, ?35 l, s.4,1 t.59: 4,r-r? l!.1{C
ii ::t i99 t, l4g 1,6?? t,E6b 4.65i I
6, gr 14. fii
4l ?37 556 l.r5? r:5:l !,661 3, i76 s,l7l 13, fl5
FIRST 3 LNES ARE OD., WAIL THICKNESS. AND MOMENT OF INERTA.
 Simplilied Solutions for Pipe Stress

Table 9-3
Continued

r.;i5 i0 1:.;5 I}{ Stii. l5,i FIFE

!i-F- i.3;5 l.5rs 4.5t0 3, ti: 6.s;: 8. d:5 i0. i:F ii. t5t
5ai t.l4i t.4:8 9.5;1 F. ElE g. E d.9tl6 r. ti;1.;i!
FT l.l5i 5.F3ii l:. i;i -l.l,sl, 5S.97i li5. USB 39t,t6fl ii1.l:!i

; lg, l;i i-i, !l? l7?,;!-t lYt, i5i ii7,llt

4,,iBi 19.441 3i,:fi i 15.349 :!7,t?d
i l, s9: !, tt: ll.6id 43, ti$ 95,995 :i9. ?t9 649,91:
t i6t 4,199 I l,!159 :5, r?: 4t, 114 i39,:39 l::,75,! 6:r,9:g
n 561 :,11S g,4cD 11, St ?8.449 eg,sio lt:,:67 576,7i9
l :5i t.5lg 4. s38 9! 119 17:?!E t6,3i9 lii 16? :i7:l:: !

B !16 lrEl5 :.igt o, ii9 i1,99S Il,;5t sl,:t5 ii8.9!E

I lg6 171 i,e?i ,1.:ts s,4ii 23,i94 3i,i57 i!l!Ji5
ti i?1 5:5 r,l8? I, l:a 6.143 17. ?88 41,:9: S1,.rS7
II ti 3t4 1.039 ::359 4,515 l?,9i3 31, ?51 5l,l3:
l! lfi l$4 sfg I, EiB 3,355 ts, sgs ?4,i?l F6! ;17,

1l 5i t39 619 t!424 :r7i6 7r86: lf. t32 17t ril6

44 i9l 5t4 1, r4t ?,?-19 r, ?97 15.1:c :9,633
is i6 !;5i 4tX i27 i, Elg :, t:9 i?!3t4 14, i99
ii 1.:6 lfg :ll 7i4 1,5tt 4.:i9 It,155 rt,t65
i1 !5 107 ?St 6i7 I, ?59 3,3i7 8, {6s 16! i6:
IS !1 9E ::t :3i 1, g5l ?,5$i 7, l: !1,951 I

i? ii ii li:! 456 3ti :,51! 6r ig{ l, i5; !

15 i6 itl i9l .1$i ?! Lit 5, i!? 18, i;1

!l ll 57 14! -ll9 6il l,ti6 {.4ti t! i3b
ll 19 iit it4 37,1 l,6lJ iilb ,1,i,{; /' !

1l l! 4.1 i i,+ lii -Jtl i,,ilt 1.4 19 i,6ES

i1 I ld lei} i:i 444 l,;is -1,!ii9 s.eui
U14rf tg,i -.1't! I, rf6 !, eii 5,:ig
:i ti9 1;8 :58 7dr i. :!/ {! J:Y
6 :/ !9 Lr9 ll: 57E :, rr: ,i, ii,i
:! 6t4ri i4? ld5 is7 i.!95 1,:',t7
!1 7ll 7l t:s i:i i8, i,7t: .:';js
:i'j lli ::9 54$ 1,541 ;,':114
t1 4td4b irl5 :!;i 589 !.:16 :,.;:l
{!i1: l: i6i 9:; l,:69 :, i33
l: 1 15 13 5i i/t 4Et lJ 1:? ;' i6,t
l,l i13:5 st l-q
j 14ri i,t58 1, t7t
:i?:: 4Ui ''if l,iY)
:i I 1i l* i,r i;i .)iE 3t: i! /tJ
it7 I l1 ii ii t:l l5l ii;.l r r c..o

:t : !t3 i5 3i I ll J.l_J r:! -,'ilJ

i: ar;l ti ! Ll{ lYl /'Ji :,:ti
;9 ti |ii !5t i,:;:'
4i :irt 4: ur ::l it4 i, iEl

FIPST 3 LINES ARE O.D., WALL THICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF INERTIA.

Piping Stress Handbook

Table 9-3
Continued

14 ;! :4 iil. 5ifi. :oi PttE

14.i{$ i6. trt! 18.0i0 ?B,AiF :4.{rs

:--'
1.4s$ L5!3 f.igl 1.968 :,343
I i lS.61d 1St3.5tt 3 9.?ot 4:Ss.?it t435.4tF
s ::i! 1g: ls5,i4l 6t4t4tl iSlt Si3
i 15?!i57 ?10.56r. 4ll,::u $-i5.lst
!;j 6,31? 197,?4I tr 579 477.6:6 9S4r?S?
i9t
97, tt?
l4gl :t6,l1E l5E,S48 it9.999
t: 6i.ill I14, !{6 13frt4F t76.4t4 5r?,9!i
t: 5:,944 8r.771 143. 136 fl7.19? 4{9,311
i.i 4?.J9t 7t, dti ll4!i43 l74,rii5? J59,9+3
lil 14!404 5g! 441 93t i$i 14l,519 ?91. sl4
l6 ?3,t95 48,155 76,S$? l!$! 6t9 ?49,16{
l: ?1,s?3 {S,l4i 64,S1, 97 t?l] :FS,476
i! 19,945 JS,B 5J. t49 81.997 1S8.ESs
It i6,93S ?g! 757 1:.95,4 n9.6:i lt3.59S
14,541i :4.655 ;?,lt: 59. if3 !:lt1l7
:t t?::6t 21,295 33! 9$S 51,574 196,:3i
lsr 9?4 ts,5:4 :t.5,1,1 44, c5$ t;,5$9
:; tr 569 16, ?i I :5;Eti jYt iit Ag,13/
s.414 14! ?{9 :?, t56 14,555 11.148
:l 7.444 !!,Si4 rt, 133 Ji. i6! 6J, tt,i6
6. El8 ll.::t 17.598 17 1ia Ea ,i ?i
i.? |r:9i5 ls, t?l 13,981 :4,:br 5t, t44
:g i,?t9 9, rs5 14,:t, l! | 7-q8 41,86S
?1 4:7i9 B,$gi l:,gia 594
l9! 4S,333
4,3F1 7, t65 l l, isi li,att lb,47V
ll 3. ?J4 6.6?i td,56s 16,S31 t3,'J5i
:: l,"E3d i, sl9 I bii, . Siii lI, FiS
14,
3,737 3,45t 8! 754 11,:91 27,46 t"
:4 :,159 5!SlE 8,884 t?, i51 ?5. t6i
?!7!3 4.6it$ 1,i37 I t. i4s :i.9t:
:.4t1 4, ??8 0.741 t6,:17 ;lt1ll
?:tt6 i, a94 6,:1, t,4i! Itt 445
3.i 2,t28 l. 5 3,713 E!764 ti,95s
:9 f.i6l 3,325 5,303 s,d5? l6,6t4
4r,i ItEiT 3tt8l ,i!?13 i,4$l li, i9F
4l 1,6Bf ?,9$i 4,564 6! 9IS 14! tql
4l 1,179 !.$!? 4! 216 ii! 'i47 ll.:?4
1,463 :,481 l,957 6, dn7 t:,389
i, ii5 :!lli 3. t9l 5, siri ,:62
I !;;i ?, lti 3.45i :r?4t td! Et9
i,1t5 l, i?s ;, ?J! ,i,9fli lf,l1t
41 i; lid I, tg0 J, d3, 4,tfro 9,487
FIRST 3 UNES ARE O.D., WAIL TI/ICKNESS, AND MOMENT OF ]NERTA.
 Simplified Solutions lor Pipe Stress 291

For the example shown in Figure 9-1, it will take 7,552 Example Problem 9'2
lb for a l-in. expansion for a 10-ft offset for Ax '9214 ex'
oansion the force F- = 6,949 lb' For a 20-ft offset the
What size piping loop will be required for a 300-ft
iorce will tr-g44lb for a l-in. expansion. for Ay 46 in' straight pipeline under the following conditions:
the force Fv : 434 Ib. TbmDerature: 400"F
O.D.: 12,750
The nomograph in Figure 9-2 is used to size piping Schedule: Sch 140
loops, depending on the size of the pipe and the thermal Materials: A-53 Grade B C.S.
exoansion between anchors. This nomograph is conserva-
tivi for a refined design' An exact calculation by com- Use the nomograph in Figure 9-2, and join points A' B,
puter should be required. and C. This will ihow a need of a 70-ft loop (L = 70 ft).

11 B

l-t A
;f
-]JL
100
L = 2A+B
J&
o
-c
o
o
<)
-T Tc)
o -o:i
!x
o 9+
E
;-
<=*
o-
o -o 0)
.9 ^J
o-
(d oo
'-
o-
zo 1000 IJJ

Flgure 9-2. Stress nomograph'

 10
Properties of Pipe

The following are the definitions of the tefms used in ds : Fifth power ofd, in.5
the table. A" = DrlL2: outside pipe surface, ftrlft (ength)
Ai : dtr/12 : inside pipe surface, ff/ft Qength)
A. : @2 - &)n 14 : metal area, in.2
& : d'z rl4 : flow area, in.2
W : 3.4A. = weight of pipe, lb/ft
Definitions W* : 0.433 Ar : weight of water in pipe, lb/ft
Rg : (UA)', : (V + &1*4 : radius of gyration.
m.
D = Outside diameter of pipe, in. I : A.Rl : 0.0491 (Da - 6+; : moment of iner-
Sch : Pipe schedule, nondimensional tia, in.a
t : tl6ll thickness, in. Z : 2llD : 0.0982 (D4 - d4yD = section modu-
d : lnside diameter of pipe. in. lus : in.3

Table 10-1
Properties ot Pipe

D Sch T o d" Ao A1 Am Af l.l Ww Rg I z

losi .049 .30? .105 .080 ,1qa .0?4 .186 .032 .m09 .00{t
V8 40 sT 40s .068 .269 .00141 tna .022 -u:tr .245 .025 .I215 .0ol I .00s2
D'.40S 80 xs 80s .095 .215 .000{6 .108 .u50 .092 .036 .314 .l l{6 .mt2 .0060

tosi .uoo .410 .01159 .107 .09? .132 .330 .05? .1694 .0028 .01@
Y4 40 sT {0si .088 .364 .00639 .093 .t25 ,104 .42,5 .045 .1628 .qxB .0123
D -.540 80 )<!t 80si .u9 .302 .@251 .l4l .I5:I $n .154? .oqB .0140

3/s 40 sr4osi
losl .uoat
.09t
,54!i
.i193
.04{xt8
.q2st2
.14:l
.129
.124
.lDrl
.a
.l9l
.48
.568
.r0l
.083
.2169
,2090
.0059 .01?r
.0073 .0216
D -.675 s{, xs €osi .423. .01354 l1', .tu . t40 .?39 .06t .l9sl .0086 .02s5

l0s .oet .674 .13909 .ni .l?8 .r97 .J:lrt .5-fl ,154 .269 .0143 .034t
40 sT 40s .I09 :09310 .no .163 .2.fi .304 .85t .261 n!tt .o.t{n
Y2 80 xs 80s .546 .04852 .l€ 3m .?'34 1.088 .t0l .250 .020I .0478
D -.840 160 . r87 .46{; nttoq -no trt .384 .l7r 1.304 .074 .244 .052?
)o( .2,94 .?s2 .00102 .ao .uoo .504 .050 .t2, .2t9 .02$ .ofi

292
 Properties of Pipe 293

Table 10-1
) Continued

e l) Sch t d d" Ao Ai Am Af Rg I z

5.: .uqt .g?a .dtgl -ztt .201 .664 .683 .288 .349 .0245 .046'l
losi .08:l .884 .5398 t1l .252 .6t4 .3€ ltto',
40 sT 40s .l t3 .824 .3?99 .216 .$lt t let .81 .34 .0706
3/t 80 xsi 8Gs .154 .742 .2249 t'f1 . t94 ,,134 .49 -lttl .321 .0448 .08!13
.t8rl .or5 .1401 .358 t.t4 .312 .0495 .094it
.na t11 .16l .5?0 .296 t.93? .va .304 .052? .t0(N
D - 1.050 160 .614 .08?3
x:< .308 .434 .0154 ./tta, .ll3 .l4s 2.441 .064 .234 .05?9 .1I04

55 .UEO !.16:l 2^337 .344 .attu .i,4at l.lct .86't .478 .4,(} .0500 .076{)
l0s 1.09? 1.58!) .344 .247 .413 .94!i 1.404 ,409 .UIJI t't(l
40 sT 4os .lgl 1.049 Lno .344 .n5 .{94 .864 .374 .4m .08?4
I 80 :c3 8{Et .l?9 .95t
e7,
.803 .94 .N .639 7tq 2.1t2 att
tx,
.{o? .1056
lt?t
. t606
.219 .519 .344 .230 .?54 .m4 2.56{ .39s .1?St1
D - 1.315 160 .250 .8I5 -Jbu ,344 tta .836 2.844 .t?sz .lgq!
x:E .3$t .oY5 .0?t .344 .15? 1.0?6 .N, ttt .JOl .l4os .2t37

55 -uo!) 1.530 8.384 €!t .401 I.gB r.Io8 .564 ,1253

tffi ,l$) L4A 434 .378 l.qB 1.805 .550 .1934
{o sT 40s t{o 1.380 5.UUit 434 .36t .668 1.498 2.273 .648 .540 .194{t .2346
n. ry4 80 xli 8{xi
.

.19l LnB 3.409 434 .334 .881 t.2gt t oo? .s24 .24'€ -?s14
D- l.6A) t60 2g 1.160 2.100 €4 .304 l.l0? l.ost 3.?6s .458 .506 .3421
xx .382 -5t.( 434 t.sl4 .630 .273 .472 .3412 .4lll
5St -uoit t.770 497 .4tr1 2.451 L.ZIJ l.uo9 .649 .t58 .loo
u- l0s .109 1.682 13.46 497 .440 .olJ 2-m t naa .962 .634 .2&
40 sT 40!i .145 1.610 10.82 497 .421 .?99 aqlti 2.7t4 .882 .623 .310
rY2 80 xs 80s .200 1.s00 ?.59 497 1.068 | 1et 3.632 .otrt eol
D - 1.900 160 .?3r 1.33? 4.27 49? -Jaru l.$l l.404 4.866 .@8 .581 .{{x} -cuat
:o( .400 1.100 t.6l 497 2.a 1.885 .99) 6.409 .549 .568

55 .uoal 2.2+3 sll'ql .6n .588 .4t2 3.958 1.605 I.?t4 .8U
l0s .109 46.59
.t', 'f.,
.6?2 .rl5 3.654 2.638 1.582 .w2 .499 .42A
40 sT 40s .154 2.6r .54I 1.0?4 3.356 3.6St l.4Et .ooo
.16-t 2.041 35.42 .6U, .534 t.158 3-m 3.938 l.4l? .?83 .?10 .516
3.ra ./ro
2 80 xs 80s
.188
.zta
2.000
I O.lO
3?.00
27.41
.622
.6n
.s24
.508
t.288
I.4TI 2.9S1
4.381
5.ta Lna
1.360
.868
.654

l-ttr5 4.17 .6?,, .491 1.669 2.761 5.6'14 I |OA .804

D - 2.3J5
.3r2 t.750 t6.4t .6n .458 2-0zs 2.{0s 6.884 1.041 .738 1.102 .928
t60 .343 t.o!:t 13.74 .6U ,442 2.190 ?^240 ?.44S .74 1.I63 .YIY
xx .436 l.sql .64 .3gt 2.856 l.Tl4 9.q'0 .loE .?qt ! ,ttt 1.104
03 1

t1l .0gt 2.?09 t4s.9 .t1, .709 5.lo 2.475 2.49€ .98{l .{95
.to
I
.tm 2.635 ./at .690 1.039 5.45 3.531 2.361 .9t5 .988 .ot!t
40 sT 4{Xl .zxt 2.45I) 91.8 .753 .6{ti l.?04 4.79 5.?94 ?-o73 .9{? l.oal
71i 2Y2 2,441 1.812 4.68 2.q26 .9€ l.6t I l.l2l
8o xs 8trt 238 o/.o .753 .608 z.?s4 4.24 7.682 l.&1{t .92r 1.925 r.J!tJ
D - 2.8?5 tou .3?5 2.t2l {3.3 .?a -350 2.945 10.01 1.536 .894 l.qt/
xx .552 l.rn .464 4.O8 2.46 r3.?0 1.06? .844 2.872 1.9s8

55 .Giil 3.334 41t.9 .916 aqt 8.r 3.(B e1a 1.208 t.3m .7$
t0s .t?a 3.260 364.2 .9i8 -tt\t Ln4 8.35 4.!l:l 3.61 l.gn t.04t
.lzs 3.250 362,6 .916 .tt:tl t.325 &c) 4.51 iqo t.l9{ l.8so
3 .148 3.2'0'4
,l,l? a
,9t6 .&t9 1.558 6-t 6 5.30 3.49 1.186 2.t94
1.080

D -3.50O .1811 3,124 .Ylb .818 1.Y50 /.oo o-o:t 3.32 t a6t l.D.to
40 sT 40si .216 3.068 271.A .803 2.24 ?.58 3.20 l.l6f 3.018 t.724
294 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 10-1
Continued

D Sch t d o Ao A1 Am Af |.l Rq I z
(continuod) .241 3.018 250 2.462 3.10 t.lJat 3.29 I lar
.254 t oot 244 1A.' 2.5S0 8.81 3.04 l.t5l 3.{3 1.962
t ot, .9t6 Z.5IJ A?I 9.91 2.90 l.l40 1?q
80 xs 80s 2.900 20s attl
3 .5lo
.J59 3.016
3.129
6.60
6.49
10.2s
10.64
2.86
2.81
3.90
4.01 2.?A4
.406 2-68i l4{t .916 3.950 EA' 2.46 4.81 2.74a
D -3.500
160 .€8 2.624 t24 4.2L3 5.41 14.33 2.34 1.094 5.04
.o{.t 2.300 64 ota Fily, 5.466 4.ls t8r8 l.8o 1.047 0.Ylt 3.42S
55 .083 3.834 88 1.04? 1.004 t.021 3.47 5.00 .979
tosi .tn taz 1.047 .984 1.4&l 4.8t t.372 2.78 1.3?8
. t28 3.?44 .980 u.0t ,e, 1.461
.134 3.732 1.047 AT' 1.628 10.94 a crl 1.368 3.04 r.sa
. t48 3.?04 69? 1.04? .970 t ?ot 10.78 6.09 4.67 it.,at 1,664
- rtt6 3.624 oa r.047 .9,19 2.Al r0.31 1.349 4.10 2.050
3Y2 40 sT 40si 3.548 562 1.04? .929 2.680 oqo 4.79 2.394
D 3.€8 480 t.04? ,900 aaa ota 4.02 t.3!9 q?t
-4.000 xs ,lta z.atat
80 80s 3.364 431 1.047 .881 .t.ol6 8.89 tz.sl .r.6t ata 3.Ul
.344 e ala t.04? 3.9st 9E 13.€ 1.298 o.Db 3.33t
.469 269 1.04? .802 5.2C|:} t.Jo 17.69 3.19 t ,ro 4.tn
tcl 1.047 E 7tl 5.84 tt aE 1.210 4,925
55 .083 4.334 1.178 l.lt15 t t 4t 14.?s 3.9t 6.39 l.coz 2.81 t.2{8
losi 4.zffi l4d! 1.I78 L65l 14.24 6.1? 1.549 J.JO 1.262
-ta 4.244 t371 1.178 t.1l l t. tJo 14.15 5.98 6.13 1.546 4.ZL 1.869
.134 1358 I.t?8 1.108 t-456 14.0? 6.09 1.544 i.949
.t42 4.2t6 1332 I.178 1.104 1.944 6.04 t.542 4.@ 2.054
l.l?8 2.247 7.64 1.534
.roE 4.t24 1193 l.tIIt 1.080 tqE IJ.JO 8.66 s.93 2-64
-r )5 4.090 1144 l.l?8 I r1?t ,11 1.520 41Cr 2.84
40 sT 40s 4.026 1058 t.178 1.054
.t l', tt 7.r ta! 7c| ', t1
1.510
4 .250 4.000 i024 I t7q 1.047 3.34 12.s7 5.44 1.505 o.Jo
l.l?8 1.036 3.60 t2.24 1.498 8.08
D - 4.500 .281 94? t. t?8 1.031 3.74 t2,t8 1.495 q i,t
3.?0
3.900 1.1?8 ,l oa tt o4
902 t.021 13.46 5.1? 1.489 8.?8
alt l.l?s t,l oa a tt
.r.t, 1.015 4.10 I1.80 l.{8:i 9.05 4.02
80 xs 80s 87.O 1.178 1.002 4.41 I1.50 14.99 4.98 1.4? 4.27
3.?50 742 I t7q ott 4.86 I1.04 16.52 4.78 1.464 10.42
t20 3-624 I t7e .949 5.59 'tn 1l 19.00 4.4t 1.4.t4 9.ld
.500 3.500 I l?a .916 OA' 21.36 1.425
t@ 3.€8 480 I l?q .900 9.28 4.O2 1.416 t't t,
xx .574 3.152 1.178 8. r0 7.80 27.54 \t.Jtt 1.3?4 o.,t9
tno 5,34S 4363 1.455 1.399 1.88 u.43 o tt t.928
t0s .t34 4t62 1.4s6 l.38ri 2.?S a.o2 1.920 8.€ 3.03
$ sT 40s 5.0{7 1.456 r.321 4.30 20.01 t4-62 8.66 l5.l? 5.45
14, 4.859 270a t.456 t.272 18.54 8.03 1.84? 7 tf,
5 80 xs 80s 4.813 ZJtaI 1.456 1.250 18.19 ?.4.74 7.88 1.839 m.58
.438 4.688 1.456 l.n7 7.04 17.26 23.95 1.819 8.38
D:5.563 t20 .500 4.563 1.456 l.l9{ 7.9S 27.04 ?.06 l.?99 25.74
l@ 4.313 t492 1.456 I l2q 9.70 t4.61 32.9? 30.c3 10.80
xx .?50 4.063 ll0? 1.4s6 1.064 11.34 12.97 JO-JJ :n.64
 Properties of Pipe 295

Table 10-1
Continued

q
D S ch t d d" Ao Ai Am l,J Ww Rq I 7

.109 6.407 10.80 1.734 t.6?7 2.304 I l€4

lqs .134 10.38 1.734 1.664 31.? 9.29 2.295 14.40 4.35
9.82 I.734 1.646 3.$ 13.44 5.40

.180 r.?34 1.640 12.39 2.?AO 18.94

.188 6.249 l. qlo 3.80 13.28 19.?l
.219 1.620 4.41 30.1 14.99 n.64 6.83
1.734 1.604 29.5 v.o2 2.86
t0
5 4{, sT 4osi .2.&
6.071
8.2t
1.734
r.?34
1.589
t.588 J.5at 4.9 t8.gtl
c.a 2.246
2.248 ?a.l
4.42
8.50
?.@ 2'I.l 25.O1 tl ?,1

80 xs 80si .€2 9.lol I qna

8.40 28.58 lt 2cl 2.195 €.5 n.a
.500 5.O25 24.9 3?,.7! 10.76 45.4 l,r tt

.s62 5.501 5.04 t.?34 t.440 10.70 36.40 10.29 49.6 14.98
,t 7a t..J.to 4€t.30 2.104
.?18 11.81
:o( .864 4.897 2.82 L?.42 15.64 18.8 ce t? 8.16 2.060 oo.J

.109 8.407 42.O 2.201 9.91 21.O4 6.13

lnq .148 40.l 2.?'58 2,180 3.94 54.5 13.40 3.00 35.4 8.2t
.158 J5.O 4.2A 54.2 14.25 23.44 8.74
2.?Sa 4.39 54.0 14.9t 23.40 2.99 9.lo
8.249 38.2 2.160 4.9S 53.4 16.9{ 44.4 t0.29
2.t52 18.26 a.z u.05
q 1q7 36.8 2.143 t9.66 22.94 5l.l ll aa
8.149 2.133 2t.32 55.2 12.80
20 35.4 2.?58 2.ttI cl a 2237 22.45 r3,39
.tTt 34.2 2.248 1a^ 63.4 14.69
40 sT 40tt 32.4 2.089 8.40 50.0 2I.68 2.94 t6.81
8 .344 7.93? 1t< 2.O78 49.5 30.43 2t.42 ,oa
D-8.625 .352 ', otl al , 2.2€8 49.3 1t ! 78.4 te to
7.875 2.258 2-062 8.7 2.92 82.9 ta tt
60 .406 7.813 2.045 10.48 47.9 20.8 2ql 88.8 20.58
.469 t. oor 2.2,58 t2.02 46.4 40.9 20. t 2.89 100.3 23.25
80 xs 80s 1.996 45.? 43.4 105.7 24.52
lm .s93 7.439 n.8 2,EA 1.944 14.95 $.s 18.8 lzt.4 2sI4
21.8 2.A t.$r l5.l I 53.4 !8.5
l7
2.84
120 .718 to t 1.882 40.6 60.6 a 140.6 32.60
140 7.001 lo.o 1.833 to oa JO.J ot.tt J!.qt

xx 15.4 1.800 21.30

la a
162.0
o.t'lJ 2.?.8 l.?84 2t.97 38.48

.134 10.482 tn 2.81 2.74 86.3

ace
15.2 3?.4 ll.?2
lGs 10.420 2.Al 2.73 5.{9 18.? 14.30
- lEo 10.374 2.81 8.2t 84.S \t.lJ 87.0 16.t9
10.344 118 ta! 84.0 n.9 36.4 l?.41
tto 10.310 lrtl 7.24 24.7 100.9 18.78
10 .250 10.250 I l,l 84.5 3.7t l13.?
.u9 10.192 ll0 125.9
D = 10.750 10.136 l0? 2.81 10.07 80.7 34.2 34.9 J.b9
.348 10.0s4 2.81 It 1t 79.4 34.4 3.68 I54-0 4.6
() sT 40s 10,020 l0t z.Ez I l.9l ?8.9 lAt 160.8
296 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 10-1
Continued

n Sch ? o Ao A'I Am Af t,J tlJw Rg I 7

(continurd) ..JYC 9.960 98.0 2.81 L6r 12.85 ?t.9 (3.? 3.66 172-5 3?- I
60 xs 80s .5@ 9.?!t0 88.1 z.At ?.55 16.t0 54.? 32.3 3.63 2t2.0 3!'.4
.sll 9.68? 85.3 2.Al 2.54 l?.06 ?3.? 58.0 3t.9 3.62 u.4 41.5
80 .59:t 9.564 80.0 2.81 2.50 18.92 tt.a 64.3 3l.t 3.60 244.9 {t.5
to l0o .?18 9.314 ,91 2.4 4'8 68.1 29.5 J.50 ?€.8.2 sit2
.?50 9.250 ol.l 2.81 2.42 23.56 tt.2 80. t 29.1 3.stt 296.3 55.1
D - 10.750 lb .8,(l 9.064 61.2 z,8l 2.37 6.U 64.s 89.2 n.9 3.52 *4.3 @.3
q ?q/t
140 t.0@ 9I.J 2.81 2.4 30.63 60.l l0{.1 .0 3.4? 36-t.9 68.4
t.0@ 8.625 2.8t 2-26 32.3!t 58.4 109.9 25.3 3.4It 384.0 ?I.4
t.t2s 8,500 44.4 2.81 ?-a 3,l.Oa 56.? lt5.? 24.6 3.{il 399.4 ?4.3

55 .156 12.{nt 298 3.34 3.25 6.17 12t,5 2t.o 52.6 4.45 1?9'4 t9.2
t0s .td) 12.390 82 3.34 3.24 ?.ll 120.6 24.2 s2.2 4,44 140.5 a.o
.203 t?^344 u7 3.34 3.el 8.(x! 1t9.7 27.2 5r.8 4.44 15t.5 z4.l
.2t9 12.312 2A3 3.34 3-n 8.62 ITY.I 29.3 51.6 4.{3 r@.3 26.6
.N p.n4 2;19 3.34 3.2t 9.36 118.3 31.8 5t.2 4.4 183.2 28.7
n .?.fi t2.N u6 3.34 3.Zl 9.82 It?.9 3it.4 51.0 4.42 19t.9 qr.l
.n9 t2.t92 269 3.3{ 3.19 I0.93 I t6.? s7.2 s0.6 4.4t 212.7 gt.4
3{n r2.150 zo:t 3.34 3.t8 ll.nl ll0.Y 39.9 50.2 4.40 ut.s 35.?
30 .!80 12.090 258 3.34 3.I? 12.88 n4.8 43.8 -19.? 4.3!) 248.5 39.0
.344 t2.062 it5!l 3.34 3.16 13.4t I14.3 4It.6 4S).5 4.39 258 40.5
u3.l
t2 44
ST 40st .t' ID
.406
12.000
I t.938
249
242
3.34
3.34
3.14
3.13
t4.58
15.?4 ttl o
49.6
53.5
49.0
48.5
4.38
4.3?
n9
300
{3.8
47.1
D-12-7fi .418 I1.844 88 3.34 3.I I 16.94 ll0.? 5t.6 47.9 4.36 3At 50.4
xst 80s .500 I l.?50 n4 3,34 3.08 19.2{ 108.4 65.4 4?.0 4.3it 3$2 56.?
60 .s62 I1.648 2t2 3.34 3.04 2L.52 106.2 73.2 46.0 {.31 401 62.8
.@5 I t.500 ml 3.34 3.01 23.8t 103.9 80.9 45.0 4.8 €9 68.8
8{t .EIOI I t.s16 l9t 3.34 2.98 ?.6.& 101.6 88.5 44.0 4.2t 4?5 ?4.5
t00 .8{3 I1.064 loo 3.34 2.90 31.5!l 96.1 10t.2 41.6 4.2 562 88.1
.crs ll.@0 l6l 3.34 2.8{l 32.64 95.0 ul.0 4l.t 4.2t sl9 90.8
IN 1.0o0 10.?50 l{4 3.34 2.81 36.91 90.8 t2s.5 39.3 4.17 642 tm.?
l.o I.IZJ 10.s00 r8 3.34 2J5 4l.ott oo.o r39.? .tt.o 4.13 ?01 lno o
1.2t9 I0.313 u? 3.34 2.20 44.t4 eet t5o.t 36.2 4.10 242 116.4
160 t.3t2 t0.126 106 3.34 taa 47.14 80.5 t60.3 34.9 4.0? ?81 tn.8
.188 13.624 469 3.62 t Et 8.16 l4It.8 tz.7 qt. r 4.8{t 195 27.A
.ui t3.560 459 J.0l 3.5s 9.s2 144.4 g2-4 6'2.5 4.gI 26 32.3
.25 t3.524 452 aFl 3.54 10,29 143.6 35.0 62,2 4-gI 24 34.8
l0 .250 13.5{n 448 3.6"f 3.53 10.80 l4il.1 JO..a 62.0 4.86 2S5 36.s
n .312 13.3?5 4A 3.6? 3.50 t3.44 l4(,.s 4tt.? 60.8 4.84 otJ 45.0
30 ST 4A:, 3.47 IO.UJ t3?.9 EOt
l4 .3?S

.406
13.2s0
13.188
408
aI60 3.6? 3.45 17.34 136.6
54.6
59.0 59.1
4.82
4.81
3nl
40t
5:t.3
5t.3
40 .43{t l3.l2s 389 3.67 3.{4 t8.66 63.4 58.6 4.80 48 61.4
D - 14.000
.4dt r3.062 380 3.67 3.42 19.94 134.0 67.8 58.0 4.79 4S7 65.3
xst .500 13.0@ 3?1 3.6? 3.40 2t-zt 132.? 72.1 JI.J 4.78 484 69.1
60 to2 t2.814 345 3.6? i"< 24.9A t29.0 84.9 c5-6 4.74 562 80.3
.525 t2.?50 3:l? 3.67 3.34 26.26 tn.7 89.3 55.3 4.?3 589 84.1
 Properties of Pipe 297

Table 10-1
Continued

q
I
D Sch t d o Ao Al Am hI Rq I z
I
i .tt
(contiaucd) .ooo 12.688 a 126.4 93.5 54.8 614 8t.7
I
.r rf 12,,.7 t06.1 c.t I 4.69 oit/ 98.2
80 .?50 12.500
I
., 1.' lr5-5 t30.8 50.0
I00 t2.r?s 262 38.4? 4.63 atz5 117.9

l4 120
140
1.093
1.250
u.814
I1.500 .t.ot
a^o
3.0r
4d32
s0.0?
109.6
t03.9
150.7 47.5
4{i.0
4.58
4.53 lo27
930 t32.8
t46.8
D- 14.000 1.344 2.96 $.44 t@.5 181.6 €,5 4.50 1082 154.6

160 1.406 I1.188 Itc 2.93 cat.*t 98.3 189.1 42-6 {.48 t59.6

,I88 t5.624 ott 4.19 4.09 9.34 tot t 31.8 a2n .to"5
.28 I5.524 902 4. t9 4.06 I t.?s r89.3 40.1 82.0 JOO 45.8
!0 .2fi 15.500 895 4.t9 4.06 too. t 42.1 ol-r 384 48.0

.Bl 15.438 4.19 4.04 t*r, 47.2 8l.l 4.5(| 53.6

.312 4.19 4.02 ts.40 52.{ 80.4 5.5:l 474 59.3
842 4.19 4.01 I6.92 184.1 ct.5 1d'l 5.5{ qto 64.8
.3,14

30 ST la tt 4.19 18.41 t82-7 ?9.1 J.$t

lq qo
.406 l5.loo 808 4.19 3.98 l8l -2 78.4 5.52 ou5
.€8 15.124 4.19 2t.4I 72.8 tt.6 5.50 549 8l.I
4.8 l1e a
l6 4() xsi
.469
.500
E.t i
15.062
15.000
14.938 744
4.19
4.19
4.19
3.94
toe
,l ot
24.35 114
t?5.3
'l
lt.o
82.4
x, 'l
7r.2 5.{9
5.48
5.4? ',.,',
91.5

D- 16.0@
2qq
14.688 684 4.I9 31.62 t69.4 IUI.J ?3.4 5.$ llo.D
14.625 boc 4.19 t 68.0 1t2.4 72.7 s.42 12t.4
.750 t4.500 64t 4.19 3.80 35.S0 s.40 t047
,t ?4
80 .8€ 14.3r4 601 4.I9 40.14 160.9 lJo.c I157 144.6
l@ t.$r 13.938 4.19 48.48 t52.6 16,{.8 66. t 5.29 lJoat I?0.5
tm t.218 t3.56{ 459 4.19 co.00 144.5 62.6 5.23 1550 194.5

I40 t.4il8 t3.124 38!) 4. t9 3.44 135.3 ttt l?5t ?.m.1

l.5m 13.000 rtll 4.19 3.40 oat..l' 23,2.3 9.lt 1815
t60 l.sg! t2.at4 345 4.19 129.0 24{t.l 5.t2 1894 236.7

l0 .2W l?.500 l64l 4.5{t 13.94 240.5 104.1 6.28 549 61.0
?n It itq 1584 4.55 17.36 59.0 1t2.7 6.2ts
ST t7.?.fi 4.52 tn, , 70.6 t01.2
.€8 t472 4.71 4.48 u.t7 w.3 82.2 99.? atr 103.6
xs .5@ t?.000 t420 4.?l 4.4Ii n.49 ut-o oac 98.3 6.I9 luc\t lt?.0
40 .562 16.876 1369 4.42 30.?9 l0{.? 96.9 6.tz t 17t 130.2
.594 t6.813 1344 4.?l 4.aa 32.46 n2.0 110.4 L1J L 136.8
16.750 IJI'' 4.39 34.t2 m.4 u6.0 9!i.4 o-r5 t289 143.3
t8 .719 16.562 1247 4.34 38.98 2!5.5 132,5 6.12 1458 t6a0
D- 18.00O
60 .?50 16.500 1?23 4.?l 4,32 40.6l 213.8 138.2 92.6 6.10 l5l5 168,3
.812 ,i.29 43.8? 2t0.6 149.2 91.2 6.08 1624 180.5
80 t090 4.n m4.2 lm.8 8r'.4 6.0{ IE}4 2G3.8
100 t5.066 950 4.lr 193.3 208.O 83.? s.gt 2180 ?|22,
120 15.250 3,99 I t,l'r 142.7 244.2 70 1
5.90 2498 8I-A
t40 I {.876 3.89 80.65 ?74.3 5.84 2750 $!!.5
1.688 14.625 3.&t 86.{8 Itt6-u 294.0 5.80 2908 323.1
tou t.?8t t4.438 azl 3.?8 90.?3 tdt.? 308.5 3020 als.6
298 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 10-1
Continued

D Sch t ) o Ao Ai Af lt
Am !'Jw R9 I z
t0 .250 l9.s@ 2.82 5.24 5.11 298.6 52.7 12s.3 6.98 tat ?qt
.3t2 t9.3?5 2.73 5.24 5.0? !9.36 294.8 o.t.6 LZt.O 6.96 938 35.tt
20 sT .sls r9.250 2.64 3.24 5.04 ta t, 291.0 ?8.6 126.0 6.94 ll14 lu.4
.4its t9.124 2.56 5.24 (nt 26.9 ?at.z 91.5 124.4 6.92 1289 128.9
30 xs .5tI, 19.000 2.48 5.24 4.9? 30.6 283.5 t04.I tu.8 6.90 l4{i7 l4{i.?
.552 !e a?t 2.N 5.24 4.94 34.3 t29.8 It6.8 6.88 1624 l5a4
40 .593 18.814 2.36 3.4 4.93 36.2 n8.0 tu.g 120.4 6.88 t?04 t?0.4
.62s I8.?50 5.24 4.91 38.0 t?a I ltoa
20 6{' .8tz 18.376 2.to 5.24 4.8t 48.9 ?,43.2
129.3
t65.4 ll{.8 o.l9
t787
ucl 8.7
l?8.7
.EIO 18.250 2.02 5.24 4.?8 52.€ 261.6 l''a a ttt 6.71 2&9 240.9
18. tSIt 1.99 5.24 4.?6 54,3 259.8 I84.8 IIZ.J" o.lo 2483 24a.3
D - 20.000 80 1.03t l?.938 r.86 5.24 4.70 61.4 252.7 208.9 109.4 6.72 tTn ztt.2
1.2s0 l?.5@ 1.64 5.24 4.58 J!t.o 244.5 250.3 104.1 6.64 32s! 325.1
r00 1.28t 17.€8 l.6t 5.24 4.'r ?5.3 238.8 256.1 lct.4 6.63 &[6 Ett.6
t6 1.500 17.000 1.42 5.Zt 4.4{t 87.2 n.0 2,€8,4 98.3 aa9.| it!9.5
140 l.?50 16.500 t.u 5.24 4.9 I00.3 2t3.8 341.1 92.8 6.48 4217 42t.7
1.844 lo.Jl!t t.t6 5.24 4.n t0s.2 209.0 Jilt.5 90.5 5.4tt 4379 {3:1.9
l60 1.968 16.0€4 1.07 5.?A 4.21 I rl.5 2,02.7 3?9.I atl.at 6.4I {586 4S8.8

22 l0
st
.?g 2t.s@
2t.?so
4.59
4.3it
o.to 5.dl
t.oo
l?.r
25.5
363 58.1
do.b 153.6
?.69
l -Dil
t0l0
1490
9t.8
l3!i.4
D-2Co0 :<!t .500 21.0m 4.08 c.,t0 33.8 34ti 114.8 l5{r.0 ?.@ I OCtl
171t.5

l0 .?.& 23.500 7.r7 6.8 o-15 18.? 434 63.4 l8?.8 8.4{) t3t6 r09.6
.312 23.376 o.Yat 6.28 alt 8.2 4N ?8.9 185.8 at.Jat toiat 135.8
20 sT .irri' 4.?,fi 6.?9 8.24 6.09 27.8 4?S 94.6 l&!.8 d.,t:l l9{l 161.9
.€8 a.ps 6.2A 32.4 42'o ll0.t 181.9 o.$t 2249 lgr.4
xs .o{r, 23.000 6.44 8.?A 6.02 36.9 415 129.5 l TCt q 8.31 2550 212.5
30 .DOZ 22.876 8.2A 5.99 41.4 4ll 140.7 l?8.0 8.29 ?a40 237.O
4.750
24 40
.625
.6Al 4.626
6.09
5.93
6.28
6.4 5.92
{ti.9
50.3
{06
442
156.0
l7l I
i76.0 8.27 3140
3420
.750 n.w o.l r 6.4 5.89 54.8 398 186.3 t72.2 a.?.2 or lu
28S
309
D:2{,000 @ .968 22.064 5.23 6.28 5.78 70.0 3A 238.1 loat.o 8.ls 46S3 388
l.oall 21.938 5.08 6.4 5.74 3?8 ?l,2.9 lo.t.l 8.ts 4920 4t0
80 t.2r8 21.564 4.66 6.24 J.O:l a7.2 !50:| 296.4 106.t 8.07 4?3
t0o t.531 20.938 4.02 6.28 5.48 t08.1 344 36"?.4 t49.1 6852 5n
tm I.812 20.376 3.5r 6.28 C.JJ 126.3 326 429.4 t4t.z 7.gI 7&4 65:l
140 2.0t2 r9.8?6 3.10 6.23 5.20 t42.1 310 483.2 134.3 ?.?9 8630 ?t9
2.188 19.52s 2.91 6.28 s.t4 149.9 302 509.? t31.0 J. tc 9010 ?5t
160 ?-3+3 r9.3t4 2.69 6.8 9-UO 159.4 293 542.0 7.70 9455 rtttt

26 sa
xl;
.JI5
.500
8.zfi
25.0q)
10.26 o-61
5.81
o-ot
6.54
30.2 501
49t
102.5
136.2
216.8
tlt E
9.06
9.02
2479 t9l
D - 26.000 250

t0 ,312 29.3?6 21.9 l -64, 7.69 at8 98.9 293.5 t0.50 3210 2t4
ST 2t.4 ?.85 l.Eto 34.9 6?2 lt8.? 291.0 10.48 ,lta.,
30 .438 2.9.t25 21.0 '1.62 40.6 ooo 138.0 ?.88.4 l0.4It 4€4
20 xll .500 29.000
tQ a.ra
20.5 ?.8!r 7.59 46.3 661 t5l-o 286_0 10.4r 50il{l 336
D-30.000 20. t 7qa 52.0 qtit l?6.8 10.41
30 8.zfi !o a 7.53 649 195.1 28t,1 10.3!t 6230 4ls
34 ST
xs
-J/5
.s00
3:t.zso
33.000
40.5
39. t
a aal
8.90
8.?0
8.64
39.6
5Z-O
868 134.7
178.9
3?6.0
370.3
11.89
I l.ato
oo95 1to
D - 34.00O {34

36 ST
xs
.r.rE
.5m
35.2s0
3:i.000
54.4
52.5
9.44
9.44
42.O
c5-o
Ylo
962
142-7
189.6
4U.6
{16.6
12.60
12.55
ob5Y
61t'0
D - 36.0@ 488

42 ST
xli
II'E
.500
41.250
41.000
119.4
115.9
I
I1.0
t.0 10.80
10.13
49.0 IJ.to
1320
I66.?
?€1.6
5?8.?
57t.7
t4.72 1052t
14.67 t4{xt?
50€
D -
42.000 668
 L1
Weight and Dimensions o{
Pipe and ComPonents

c lhbight of iwulntion of the PiPe

Weight of PiPe and ComPonents
I = Insulation density, 1b/ft3
qnd compo-
T : Irsulation thiclness, in.
When determining the weight of the pipe D= Outside diameter of PiPe' in.
nents, several factois must be taken into consideration:
Weight of insulation : .0218 IT (D+f; = 67n

o Weipht of pipe : lJse the values for properties for carbon Values for insulati.on densitY:
steej pipe as a standard. These values can be found in
Chapiei tO. The relative weight factors for other mate- Calcium silicate ll lb/ft3
rials are: 85% magnesium 10 to 11 1b/ft3
Thermobestos 11.53 lb/ft3
Aluminum = 0'35 KAIJO r9-2rlbltr
Brass : l.l2 Diatomaceous earth = 2rrbltr
Cast ircn : 0'91 High temperature ?AIbItr
Copper = l,l4 Super-X ?5tbltr
Fefrtic stainless steel : 0'95 Foly-Urethane 2.3rbltr
16 lb/ft3
Austenitic stainless steel = 1.@ Amosite asbestos
Foamglas 9 rb/ff
{arbon !
91b/ft3
Wrbught 0.98 Cellular glass
Depleted uanium
, ,r) Mineral wool 8lb/ff
Tables 11-1 Orough 11-10 give the weiglt of insulation
and various pipe componens by size.
The following pages are tables and figures showing
t standard dimensions of flanges, fittings' valves, anct ptpe
Wigtrt of water in pipe: See the proper.ties of pipe in
Chapter 10. bends.

299
 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 11-l
Weight of Insulation
(lb/linear ft)
Plpe
Slze Thickness of Insulation
21h" 3112"
I .72 1.94 2.',|6 3.70
1.5 .84 1.35 2.52 3.47 4.52
2 1.01 | .71 2.53 3.48 4.42 5.59
3 1.25 2.08 3.01 4.O',l 5.24 6.65
4 t.62 2.5s J.Ol 4.66 6.07 .48
7 9.10
6 2.tl 3.28 4.5'7 6.09 7 .60 9.82 11.5
8 4.13 5.64 7.8s 9.48 11.5 13.8 16.0
10 5.20 7 .07 8.93 11.0 t3.2 15.5 18. I
t2 6.04 8. l3 10.5 12.7 15. I .4
1'7 20.4
t4 6.r6 8.38 10.7 l 15.8
13. 18.5 2t.3
16 6.90 9.33 12.0 14.6 t7 .5 20.5 23.6
l8 10.4 13.3 16.3 19.3 22.6 25.9
20 8.45 11.6 14.6 l7 .7 21.1 24.6 28.1
24 10.0 t3.4 r7 .0 21.0 24.8 28.7 32.9
26 10.4 14.1 18.0 2r.9 26.0 30.2 34.6
28 11.2 15. I 19.2 23.4 27 .8 32.2 36.9 41.6 51.4
30 I 1.9 16.1 20.5 25.0 29.5 JZ+. J 39.r 44.1 54.4
J2 12.7 t7 .l 21.7 26.5 31.3 36.3 41.1 46.6 57 .5
13.4 18.2 23.0 28.O JJ. I 38.3 43.'7 49.1 60.5
36 t4.2 19.2 29.s 34.8 40.3 45.9 51.7 bJ-)
42 16.5 22.2 28.0 34.0 40.1 46.4 52.2 59.2 72.6
* me tublc is based on calcium silicate at t tb/ff
I and nust be adjutt"d 1o, olnt
^ot"riol".
rn" tort" iiuaiionaig *d-o*rin. ."ighr.

Table 11-2 Table 11-3

Weight of Flanged Gate Valves weight ot wetd End cate valves
(tb) (tb)
Size Rating Size Ratlng
(inJ 150# 300# 400# 600# 900# 1500# 2500# (in.) 150# 300# 400# 600# 900#
I JI 35 I 20 25
1.5 45 68 9l 136 1.5 29 55 70
80
2 55 75 115 256 245 60
125
3 95 t4s 194 314 460 380 120
80
155 260
190
410
4 140 215 270 330 430 610 4 120 170 220 270 350 520
6 240 420 530 720 900 1,410 6 210 360 460 &0 750 1,250
8 /100 700 940 1,220 |,560 2,600 8 340 590 830 1,080 1,300 1,910
t0 630 1,050 1,530 1,880 2,350 l0
t2 830 1,490 2,0w
550 9r0 r,250 1,610 1,970
2,630 35W 12 730 1,220 1,800 2,240 3,2N
t4 1,150 2,170 2,410 3,2W 4,680 14 990 |,960 2,210
1,580 2,800 3,500
3,000 4,350
16
l8 1,910 3,720
4,230 6,500 16 1,460 2,550 3,100 4,030 6,000
20 2,350 4,90
7,2W 18 |,730 33N 3,76s 6,760
24
9,800 20 2,200 4,350 8,950
3,900 7 ,380 I 1,800 24 3,350 6,700 10,500
CourEsy of Crane Co. Courtesy of Crane Co.
 . Weight and Dimensions of Pipe and Gomponents 301

Table 11-4 Table I l'5

weight of wdd End Check (Swing) l/alves
Welgtrt of Flanged Check (Swing) valves
(tb) (lb)
Ratlng
Size Ratlng Size
400# 600# 900# 1500# 2500#
(ln.) 150# 3OO# 4OO# 600# 900# 1500# 2500#
.t
23462 70 160 1< 47 55 130

3 65 120 140 180 280 350 80 100 155 zto

4 100 180 2W 260 3401,360 630 4 100 130 190 210 240 390
6 2N 330 395 530 640 6 160 zffi 310 420 500 780
8 390 620 680 900 1,180 2'100 8 360 510 580 740 890 1,320
l0 510 9m 9N 1,440 2'170 10 760 820 880
t2 775 r,2n 1,250 |,970 t2 1,015 1,150 r,200
t4 1,200 1,650 t4
16 1,450 2,050 t6
18 2,420 18
20
20
a^ 24

Ctaw Counesy of Crane Co.

Courtesy of Co.

Table 1 1-6 Table 11'7

tlreight of weld End Globe \ralves
vrteight of Flanged Globe \hlves
(lb) (tb)

Slze Ratlng slze Ratlng

150# 300# 400# 600# 900# 1500# 2500# (in.) 150# 3OO# 4OO# 600# 900# 1500# 2500#
79 90 115 2t5 215 234757897
2
80 139 160 191 46 4fi 3 75 115 130 L6 170 185
J
t40 214 233 318 490 65 + 120 179 206 272 2N 285
4
6 250 396 476 782 920 1,890 6 220 332 401 656 630 680
8 a0 a8 820 1,2:U. 8 363 530 900 1,100 1'1'+0 l'370
l0 598 686 10 535 1,056 r,730 2,400
t2 824 12 794 1,160 2,7N 3,024
14 L4 3,850 4,lm0
16 l6
18 18
20 20
24 24

Courtesy of Cratv C'a.

Councst oI craie co.
 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 11-B Table 11-10

Wbight of Flanged Angle \hlves Wbights ot Flanges (tnctuding Botts)
0b)
Ratng
150# 300# 400# 600# 900# 2WN 6 10 13 13 31 31 48
238 2SO 6 9 11 tl 32 32 48
130 160 230 2 BLD 5 10 12 12 31 31 49
4 110 2N 235 280 370 3 WN 11 19 27 27 38 61 113
6 zl0 370 385 675 1,000 3SO 9 17 19 19 36 60 gg
8 360 634 685 985 3 BLD 10 20 24 24 38 61 105
10 552 1,130 1,950 4WN t7 29 4t 48 g 90 r77
12 r,720 3,100 4SO 15 26 32 43 6 90 158
14 2,350 4 BLD 19 31 39 47 67 90 164
lo 6 WN 27 48 67 96 130 202 451
18 6 SO 22 45 54 95 r28 2U 396
20 6 BLD 29 56 71 101 133 197 418
8 WN 42 76 104 137 222 334 692
8 SO 33 67 82 135 207 3t9 60i
Counes! of Crune Co. 8 BLD 48 90 115 159 232 363 gg
l0 wN 60 110 152 225 316 546 1,291
10 so 51 100 117 213 293 528 1.148
r0 BLD 78 146 t8l 267 338 5gg t.245
Table 11-9 f2 wN 88 163 212 272 434 843 1.919
Weight of Weld End Angte Valves 12 SO 72 140 1& 261 388 820 1,611
(tb) t2 BLD 118 209 26t 341 475 928 1,775
Rating
14 WN 11,3 217 277 406 642 1,241
(inJ r50# 300# 400# 600# 900# 15oo# 2soo# 14 SO 96 195 235 318 4@ 1,016
14 BLD r42 267 354 437 s74
2 70 r30 16 WN 108 288 351 577 785 1,597
3 8l r70 16 SO t85 262 310 42 559 1,297
4 155 490 16 BLD 160 349 455 @3 719
o 330 18 wN 140 355 430 652 1.074 2.069
8 530 l8 so 229 33t 380 s73 797 t,694
10 880 18 BLD 196 440 572 762 1,030
t2 20 wN 43r 535 8lt 1.344 2.614
t4 20 so 181 378 468 733 972 2,114
16 20 BLD 298 545 7tt 976 r,287
18 24 WN 295 632 777 1,157 2,450 4,153
20 24 SO 245 577 676 1,056 1,823 3,378
24 24 BLD 446 Ur 1.355 2.442
Courtesy ol Crane Co. Courte\) of Crane Co.
 Weight and Dimensions of Pipe and Components 303

Steel Butt-Welding Fittings (in.)

F-c.--- Courtesy of Crane Co. T-/:
F--A---l
,."n a/r-
f-/..'- 1 S.cndad, Exrrc st'ots. S.rrcduL 160,
t ilt
ill"
i
--r-'llf
lll

T U- b .--ul
t( '(-
n ad Doubl. Exrro Strcns FitrinE.
trov. tr|. ro,n. outdd. din.ttiott.
tiiJ
t!ng t.dlu.
9oo
1
9Oo
L__-r-'
Lonr Rodl'rr
Arnerican Standard: These fittings R.du.lns T..
l._E-*Ei
R.ducinr Crott
llbow conform, in sizes and types included Dincnrion "T" it rhown in tobl. beloe;
Stroighl or Iong Tang.6t therein, to lhe American Standard, r.f.r lo lors. loblc for diln€nrion "E".
on on. lnd B r 6.q- r qi8; see page 2gr.

aA
T/f 4
.N
-A/ >
Thickness: Stendard Fittings r z-inch
and smaller ate made for use with
Standard pipe (heaviest weight on 8,
ro, and r zjinch sizes);sizes r4-inch and
LJJRodlu.
9Oo Shorr 45o lons Rodlut
larger are made for use with O.D. pipe
fu-inch thick,
:tbov, "1.-J
Elbow Exrra Strong Fittings rz-inch and
smaller are made for use wilh Exlra
Strong pipe; larger sizes are made for
use with O.D. pipe \/2-inch Lhick.
1 | | tl Schedule r60 Fittings are r''"'le for use
F\ i /i with Schedule r6o pipe.
-t-:-L I
Double Extra Strong Fittjngs are made
5l..l9hl Cror! for use with Double Extra Slrong pipe

/--*\-T r-l-T
/ ,--\ \J Ill t*tl ml
e]c"P
tg":J-t
l*G--!
Shorl Rodlur
R.turn a.nd
_n Ll
t-M+l
Stub End
url 9oo Typ.
Shap!d Nlppl.!

20xlE'

M R.lnfor.lns
w.ldlnr 5!ddl.
/
/ini\l
l+,
,,--\
\#l
l.-H- +l
\
long Rodlur
R.lurn B.nd
k [_-\
l!--/-l
k- s
tl

---r
[\
tL____J)
k- s -_-'l

Extr
Size B D F H J M N P a S Stror

Yz rYL 6/s lr6/ts 44 80

s/t r'/e 7/ra lr/a' 2Y1 lr Yra lrr/re 2 4t) 80
I 1Yz I '/e 1rh, lr/z 2 3 lVs L-/r6 2 4 I 4r/s 40 80
lr, 17/g lr/t I r1h. trk 2r/z 33/t 2r/ta 2?/t 2r/z lr/*. 43/t 4n 80

lYz lr/z 3r/r tta 2ra, trh 3 4th L'/16 J'/1 27/s 4 rYE 1Yt zYz 40 80
tt/s 1rh 4 3tAs 4t/rs 33/t 5 IYE 51 6/re 3 40 80
4r/r zYz
2Vz 33/t t'/2 l3/t 1r/z 7r/z 31 6/re 53/ro tYE 6 lYg 67/ra 3r/z 40 80
4r/z 5ta x 3Ve 2 6 9 4a/t 6Yt 6 lr/a t -/16 3r/z 4 80

3r/z t'/a 31h 6t/t 2r/. 33/t zrh 5Vz 6 lr/t 8r/rs 40 80
6 t'/2 2Yz 4Y8 zrh 8 6r/t \r/a 63/rs tsh 8e/ro 40 80
t'/z 9 3Yt 47/E 10 73/t l0t/ta I -/L6 8 t?/s 93/s 40 80
9 6 l0s/a 3.4 5'/t rt 18 95/te 12r/ e 81/z t 1r/z 113/t 40 80
t
i
E 8 133/t 16 l2E/rs 165/re 10n/s 8 2 t43/a 6 40 80
l0 15 l0 t7 6U 8r/2 30 153/e zoYs tx|/a 10 2rh t77/s 7 40
t2 1t t2 20rh t '/2 10 6 24 18% 248h l5 10 23/t 201/. 8
2l 8./t ll. 6r/z 28 28 t6ta 3r/t 22YB 13 l0
16 24 l0 12. 7 48 tath 3r/z 24r/6 L4 JO 40
t8 18 llr/t t3rh. 6 s4 26yE
20 30 20 12r/2 15' 9 40 60 30 40 x3 30r/a 20 20 t0
36 24 toth 4E 36 48 17r/t 34r/E 20 20
304 Piping Stress Handbook

Forged Steel Flanges (in.)

Courtesy of Crane Co.

150 ond 3oO-Pound

Slip-On W6lding Flqn!. 5lip-On !Y.ldi.s Fldns!

150 ond 30O-Pound 400. 600, 9O0, ond l5o0-Pound

Class Pipe
D
Bolts
Siie E H
Vz 3Vz 1/ts l3/s 2YE r/- '/a l7/e 0.84 '/e
3/t 31/8 lrr/ra 13/t
Yz Y2 2r/ra 1.05 "/a
I 4Y. e/rs 2 3Yg Yz tL/-^ 23/re 1.32 rr/re
lr/t 45/^ 3A 2y2 3t/c 4 r/ |3/.- 1.66 txt -
1r/z I Vre 2TB
Scr6v.d Flon9. 37/8 ^/2 % 21/re 1.90 %
400, 600, 9O0, 1500, ond 2500-Pou.e 2 6 3A 35/e 4r/. -/a I 2Y2 2.38 1
2W 7 % 4Yg 5lz 5/s lyg Tta 2.88 lY8
7r/t rtl" 5 6 l3Aa 23/t 3.50 13/,,
3Y2 8Vz I B/ts 5r/z 7 8 5/z rY1 2r3/rs 4.00 ru
150 9 6sAs 7Yz E 5/e t-/lB 3 4.50 t -/16
Pound l0 r,/rs / -/16 8r/z x/t 17/rs 3Y2
E lTAc
T1 I ar/z 9Vt 8 3r/z 6.63 te/,"
E l3Y2 lyE los/a ll3/t E '/1 t3/t 8.63 l3/t
C.oh.l.p Flong. 10 l6 l3/rs 123/t l4Yt f6 1rs/re to-75 lr5/rt
150 ond 3oo-Pound 17, 19 lr/r t7 % xl/rs 4Y2 2t/re
l4 21 13/, t6rL 18./t I 2r/r, 14.00 3Y"
l6 x3r/z l7/re l8Y2 2lY4 l6 1 2Y2 16.00 37/re
18 le/ra 2T 223/t l6 lYa 2rYre 5r/2 r E.00 lr3/rt
20 27Yz lrr/ra 20 lYe 27/8 5rr/te 20.00 4r/ra
24 11h 27r/^ xqr/, 20 lr/t 3U, 6 24.O0

Cron.lop Fl.nso
u 33/e l3/e Ls/e Y2 7/s 2r/ra 0.84
'rr 45/e '/a lrr/ra 3r/t 5/s 1 2r/e 1.05 I
4OO, 600, 900, | 500, o.d 250o-Poqnd rr/ra
I 4YB 2 3W '/a lr/rs 27Aa lrAa
lrh 2,r/t 37/e 4 rllc r.66
lr/z 6YA t3/-- 27/8 4rh 3/t l3/ra 2rt/ta 1.90 l3As
)
2 6th % 3./a E s/e ts/rel 2.38 l5/rs
2U 7V2 I 4Y8 s% 8 3/t 3 2.88 lY2
3 8Ut lYs 6./e 8 ,i\i,"l 3Ve 3.50 lrr/r,
3Y2 9 l3/rs 5Y2 7V E "/a r3a 33/rs 4.00
300 4 l0 lr/t 63/ts 7TE 8 '/1 lTg 33/s 4.50 Lfa
Pound l1 l3/s 75Ae 9Y1 8 '/l 2 37/g
6 t2r/, t4c 8r/z 105/n t2 3/" 2rAa 37/a 6.63
8 l5/a lo3/e TE 27/te 43/s 8.63 77As
W!ldlng N.Gk Flans. l0 17Y2 l7/a 12t/t 1sY1 16 I x'/s 45/e 10.75 33/t
150 ond 3O0-Pound t2 20Yz 2 t7t/t lr/s 27h 5Y8 12.75 4
t4 2Vt 16r/, 20r/a 20 lVa 3 55/e 14.00
l6 25W xY1 lEYz 22W 20 lY. 3Y4 53/t r6.00 4t/r
l8 2E 23/e 21 24t/e x4 lr/e 3W 6r/t 1E.00 t'/a
20 30rh 2Yz 27 24 lYa 33/t 6t/a 20.00 5V2
36 23/r, 27tA 24 lr/" 6./a 24.00 6
l0 l3/e 6sAs 77/a 8 % 2 3Y2 4.50 2
5 ll tr/z t -/16 9ra E % z\g zrh
12r/z 1s/* 8!z to6/^ t2 7h 2r/t 4t/," 6.63 2V,
400 E l1/B lo'/a t2 I 2rrAe E.63 rr/rs
Pound l0 17r/z xYE l2t/e l5Y1 IYB 27/B 47/B r0.75 4
l, loYz 2Yt t73/a l6 lY4 3YB 53/e 12.75 4V.
l4 2s/p. r6Yt 20r/t 20 lr/t 3sle 57/a 14.00
16 25Yz 2r/z tgt/z 21Yz 20 l3/s 3rr/rs 6 16.00
18 2a 25/c 21 2434 t./E 31h 6Y2 18.00 53/s
W.ldins No<k Flanrc x0 3or/z 2r/t 27 24 lr/z 6E/a 20.00 5t/t
40O, 600, 9O0, 1500, ond 2soo-Pound 36 3 77r/^ 24 t3a 4r/, 67/* 24.00
 Weight and Dimensions of Pipe and Components 305

Forged Steel Flanges (in.) Continued.

Courtesy of Crane Co.
Pipe Bolts
Class Size
B c D
Dia.
G H

t./a 7h 2Yra 0.84 I/s

lz 3x/e 116 l3/e Y2
-/1 41/s '/a lr Yre 3r/t '/e I xr/t 1.05 1

I 47h rt/ts 2 3r/z '/a 1r/rs 21/ra lr/ra

rY1 5r/t r3/," 2r/2 31h. rYa L5/e 1.66 tv"
lYz 6Yg 7/e x7/8 4Y2 '/L l|/t 23/t 1.90 rv
2 6Y2 I 5 8 -/B 11/ta 27h 7.38 lTAa
z\z 7r/z IYB 4YE 8 t/t l5/e 3Y8 2.88 ls/e
3 81/^ lYt 6s/e, 8 3A lr3/rc 3r/^ 3.50 lr3/r'
lo3/t lr/z 63/ra 8r/z 8 1/B 2r/B 4.50 zY8
600
13 l3/e t -/16 loYz 8 I Lr/^ --) L"/e
Pound
6 l4 lr/p. gYz rrv 11 I 1,5/^ 45/e 6.63
E l6t/z lo5/s t33A t2 lYg J 5Y1 8.63 3
10 20 2r/, 123/a t7 l6 lr/t 33/s 6 10.75 43/a
t2 2r/e 19Y1 20 lY4 6Yg 4s/s
l4 233/L X3/t 16r/a X03/a z0 l3/t 3rr/ts 6Vz 14.00
27 3 l8Y2 233/e 20 lr/z 43Ae 7 16.00 5r/z
18 29Yt 3r/a 2.53/t 20 l5/e 46/a 7\/a 18.00 6
20 3Yz 28r/z L'/A 7Yz 20.00 6Yz
24 27r/t l7/a $t/z E 24.00
3 9Yz lY2 5 t '/2 8 7/B 2Y8 3.50 2Ys
llY2 t3/t 63/ra 9r/t 8 lYa 2e/t 4Yz 4.50 23/e
133/t 2 75/ra ll 8 lra 3Yg 3Y6
15 23Ae 8rh 11,y, t2 rVa 33/e 5r/z 6.63
900
Pound E t8t/z 2Y2 1o7s l5t/2 12 l3/e 63/e 8.63 4Yz
l0 2lYz 73/t lx"/o l8Y2 l6 l3/e 4V 7Yt 10.75
24 3YB 20 l3/e 4V8 77/a 12.7 5 5s/s
t4 25r/^ 33/t t6rh 22 20 11/z 83/a 14.00 6Va
l6 X73/t 3r/z lSYz 2Ar/q 20 r'/a t'/a 81/z r6.00 6Y2
18 x7 20 l7/s 6 9 18.00 / '/2
20 133/t 4Ya 29U 20 2 6V 93/t 20.00 8r/t
24 4l 5r/z 27Vt 35r/z xo ZYz E llr/z 24.00 t0v
r/z 4t/t % l3/s 3Y4 "/a lY1 23/e 0.84 lYl
'/1 9r/e I lrr/rs 3Y2 -/A l3/e 23/a 1.05 lx/s
I 57/g lr/s 2 7/E lt/e 27/B l5/a
lY1 6r/r, rVR 2r/z 43/z 4 1/" F/a 27/e 1.66
lYz 7 lr/n x7/e 47/s I lr/a 3V 1.90 13/t
2 8r/z lYz 35/e 6r/, E % 2V 2.38 2Yt
1500 2W 96/e l5/s 4YB 7r/z d I 21/z 4Y8 2.88 IYz
Pound 3 t0rh l7/e E E rYa 27h. 4s/a 3.50
lxr/t zYB 63Aa 9Y2 8 rv 3e/ts 47/e 4.50 3e/re
143/t 27/B TsAs llYz E lr/z 4Y8 6Ys 4YB
6 t5y, 3r/^ 8r/, 12r/2 tz l3/a 4rr/ts 63/t 6.63 4rrA,
8 19 35/a t05/B rsYz l6/t 5'/a 83/s 8.63 55/a
l0 4r/t 123/t l9 l7/8 6V 10 t0.75 7
tx 26Yz 47h 22\/2 16 2 lrYB t2.75 8%
l4 29r/2 5r/t l6r/t l6 '),r/^ tt3/a 14.00 9r/"
Yz 5Y4 lB/ra l3/e 3Y2 ta r'/t6 27/8 0.84 lsAe
t/a sw Ita lrr/te 33/t 3/a lLYra 3Ys 1.05 1r%o
I 6V 13/e 2 4r/a % 1I/s 3r/z t.32 tlA
lr, 7r/ lV2 2r/z 5Va I 2rAa 3t/^ 1.66 2rAa
lYz 8 ls/t 27/s 534 4 lYs 23/s 43/e 1.90
2 ev 2 33/e 63/t E I 23/e 2.3E 2./t
2500 2Y2 lor/z zYl 4r/s 734 8 IYB 3Y8 5'/e 2.88 3Y8
Pound 3 tt 9 E lVt 35/e 6r/e
t4 3 63/ra lo3/t 8 lVz 4V 7Yz 4.50 4Yl
5 l6Yz 35/e t -/t5 123/t t 5VE 9 5th
6 l9 41A 8Yz l4r/, E 2 6 tosa 6.63
8 2lt/t 5 lo5/s 17 r/t t2 2 l1Y2 8.63
10 26y. 6rh 123/t 2trh 2r/z 9 l6Yz 1o.75 9
t2 30 7Yt t5 243/e 2.4 t0 l8r/t 12.75 l0
 Piping Stress Handbook

Cast Steel Wedge Gate Valves

150- to 1500-Pound Dimensions
Courtesy of Crane Co.

E-T E-T
l-E$r--l
,-t I FEh I

|tI
JIL D
ltf
JIK D
I

fltt ory" I Ylf i*

./-i\ | /- i\ I
I
_5=a
r- I
I
T--T--T
-=] I

-1 I
T- -t- -l- fi=-l='il1
f---r-l
F-A----l
r-i--l
l-c----l
Bun-W.lding

Dimensions, in Incher
Size of Size of
Cless Valve B c D E Class Valve B c D E

6r/t Er/z Lt'/l 8 \rYz llYz l8r/+ 6

zrh t'/2 grh 16Yz 8 2rh l3 l3 22r/t 9
734 8 llVt 201/. 9 t4 l4 253/a 10
3r/z 8Y2 9 3r/z l5 32 14
4 8 9 t2 25.4 l0 4 t7 t7 3lr/z 14
5 10 l5 30% 20 20 363/t 16
6 l0Y2 157/e JnYa t4 6 22 423/t 20
1S0-Pound 8 tlr/z t6r/z 4 l6 600-Pound 8 26 52Y1 24
10 13 18 52Yz IE l0 3l 31 62V 27
t2 14 193/t ffir/z l8 t2 70
l4 7or/t 27 14 77r/t 30
l6 24 79s/t l6 39 39 833/t 30
18 26 E9 27 l8 43 933/t 36
20 l8 28 97Y1 30 20 47 t04r/z
z0 32 ll23/t 30 126
trh 7r/z 163/t 8 15 27r/t t2
7 7 8Y2 8Yz IE 8 4 18 1E 3tr/2 t4
2r/z 8 9th 9Y2 l9 8 22 363/t l6
3 9 llYE llr/z 23r/t 9 6 24 423/t 20
11 t2 t2 28r/t l0 900-Pound E 29 52\h 24
5 15 15 33r/z t7 l0 62V1 27
Ls% t57/e 38r/z 14 t2 3E 38 73r/z 30
300-Pound 8 l6Yz r6Yz 47 l6 4oY2 40Y2 77r/t 30
l0 IE IE 56Y2 20 16 44r/z 44r/z a5t/t
t9./t l9t/t 64Y1 20 I 10 l0 8
t4 30 30 7s% lr/t ll 11 l6t/z 8
l6 33 8l 1t./- t2 11 10 9
IE 36 36 9lr/z 30 2 l4r/2 l4r/z 22YB l0
20 39 39 993/t 36 L'/2 16r/z l6Y2 263/E 12
1500-Pound Itrh l8Y2 l4
45 45 t2oy2 36 3
'A
l6 16 303/a 11 4 2lY2 ttr/z 16
18 1E 14 5 26Yz 26rh 3t3/t 20
6 19r/z t9r/z 40r/t 16 6 273/a 27%
t 23r/z 73Yz 5or/z 20 8 323/t 323/t i'5
400-Pound 26Y2 26r/z 593/t
10
30 30 67./t 74
l4 32Y2 32r/z 74t/. 27
l6 J5'/2
 Weight and Dimensions of Pipe and Components

Cast Steel Globe and Angle Valves

Courtesy of Crane Co.

Claes Size Globe Valves Angle Valves All

alves
Flaneed or
Flanged Butt-Welding Screwed Butt-W€ldingt
HH K HH K JJ HIK
2 8 t33/t I 133/t E l3x/t l2Y2 E

z\z 8V2 l4Y2 $Yz t4t/2 4t/t 8

9Yz 16r/2 91h t6r/z 4t/t 9
10r/z lTYt 9
150
Pou r rrlh t9t/t 53/a 173/e 10
11Y2 t93/a
7 2ot/e 10
5 l4 14 23
11
6 l6 x4Y2 l6 24r/z 8 7.134
19rh 26 l9t/z 26 93/t X3r/z 16
8
loYz Sr/a 173/e 9
2 t0r/2 173/t 173/t
2U rrrh t9 ttth t9 53/a 19 10

+J 12Y2 xoYz 121/2 2oY2 6Y4 xo\2 10

3r/z l3t/r. 22r/z 65/s 22r/z tx
300
Pound 14 243/t 14 243/. 7 24t/t t4
5 t53/t 26rh 7Ye x6v l6
6 t7r/2 293/. t7r/z 293/t 834 293/e IE
E 22 36U L2 36y2 l1 36lz x4
l6 25Y1 16 x1t/r 8 xSYa l4
400 18 28Y2 It 28Y2 9 28Y2 1E
Pound 191/z 3lr/t 191/z 3lV1 93/a 31r/n 20
E 23r/z 3ara 23r/z 38r/a ll3/a 38t/t x7

2 llY2 l9 1lY2 t9 10
zYz l3 21r/e 2lr/t 6Yz 2tr/1
l4 x3Yz t4 23Yz 7 23rh t2
600 3Y2 7Y2 l4
Pound r8
t7 27r/2 z7r/z 8Yz 27rh
20 303/t 20 303/e l0 303/a x0
b 22 22 II 24

3 l5 24 7Y2 24
900 IE 29r/2 9 791/z 20
18 29Y2
Pound t2 37 3/a
6 37t/a 373/t
2 l4lrz 25V8 l4Y2 l4
t500 t6t/z IE
Pound 2r/2 r6yz 28r/s 28r/a
3 18r/z 33Y2 l8t/2 331/2
308 Piping Stress Handbook

Cast Steel Swing Check Valves

Courtesy of Crane Co.
Weighlr cnd Dimension:
Js I P
F+ Prea- Size Pounds, Each Dimeneions, in Inches
T'---'-'T Class Butt- Screwed Flanged or
Valves Valves Weldinp Butt-Welding
t--N ,r.l
Valves
Inches FD&SF N P M P

2 u 8 5 8 !
2V2 40 50 30 $rh slz $rh 1rh
50 9rh 5 9r/t 6
3rh 94 roYz 6Yz
96 100 100 rlYz ltr/z
M r50 5 140 120 13 8
Pound 5 200 160 9
E 390 360 lgYz t0r/t
l0 510 24th l2YE
12 27Yz 133/a
1200 on
1450 39
2 40 9rh 63/t torh 6t/t
zYz 70 80 60 lo3/t E llr/z E
100 120 80 ll3/t EYl l2Yz

300
4 180 130 l4 g3/t
250 240 153/t t03/t
Pound 6 330 260 lTVz t\3/"
8 620 510 2l t4
l0 920 760 24t/z l5
12 1290 1015 2a I
200 190 16 l0
270 IE t2
400 6 310 19r/z
Pound 8 6E0 580 13Yz l4Yz
l0 900 820 26r/z t$r/t
t2S0 I150 30
lr/t 38 32 6V
1Y2 40 9Yz 63/t
2 70 llY2
2r/z 70 l3 $r/t
140 100 14 I
600
4 260 170 17 tor/r
Pound 20 123/.
400 300
6 530 420
E 900 740 tir/t
l0 1440 880 31 t8t/t
t2 1970 1200 2lr/z
J 180 15 Ith
900 340 240 l8 ll
Pound 6 640 500 t33/t
t I lE0 890 29 t6r/,
trh ll0 EO t2 EY1
2 160 130 t4rh 93/t
2r/z 245 t70 l6V2 t0r/z
t 500 3 2E0 210 l8Vz ttut
Pound 630 390 Ltr/z l3r/t
950 480 26r/2 rsv
6 1360 780 273/t t51/t
8 2100 1320
 Weight and Dimensions ot Pipe and Compononts 309

Miter Welding

Siz. 30" 45" 6o' R c E

't-7 5-1t4 3.3t4 2.114

3/4 +v2 3/4 t8 2-5la
15t16 2-1t2 3. v2 6-7 lA 5 3 r/8
5ta 15/r 6 1-5l16 6
5/16 I t3/a 3-314 5.1t4 10-3/ 16 1-7/16 4.r r/t6
6 7la r-3/8 r- r
1-0 I 1- 1-9/ 16 9-15/16 6-5/t6
I 1-1/8 I,13/r 6 2-1t2 1-13/16 5

3rl8 2.t14 3/16

8- r r- 4-t5l16 1,G7t16 7 15t16
10 1.1t16 2.114
l-6 2.5rc 1-7t16 1G9/16 1- 8,3/16 t - 2-15lt6 911/16
12 r 11/16 2.5la 3-11/16
11la 2.7 lA +1n6 1-9 2-1lA 8-1t/16 r-05/16 1- 11,1/8 r - 5-3/8 11.5/8

t6 2.11A 35/16 +5la 2-O 35/16 s 15/r6 1 ,2.1116 2 2-1t2 1-7 7/a 1, t-14
18 2.7 t16 r3l4 3-3t4 11,Vt6 1- 3-r3/16 2 5.7la I - 10.3/8 1 21ta

20 2.11t16 +1ta 5-3t4 2- 6 +1lA I- 0-7116 r - 5'9/r 6 2-9-1/A 2 0.1t4 1- 45tA

22 2-15lr6 +9/r 6 63/8 2-9 4.5t16 r - r-11/16 1- 7 5/16 3 - 0-7116 2 3-5t16 1 - 6,3/16
3-3/16 5 6-r5/16 3-O 5 1 - 2-15/16 r-91/16 3 - 3-13/16 2 5-13t16 1-1.13116
26 !t/2 5,3/8 1.1/2 5,3/8 1- +1tA '|
- to.tla 3-7.1 6 2 8-5/16 1 - I,S/16

tr3/r6 8-1/16 3-6 5-13/16 1 - 5-318 2- o-S/A 3 - 10-7lr6 2 - 10-13/16 1- 11.3/t6

30 4 63/r6 &5/8 3-9 6-3/16 2- 2.31a 4,1-5/8 3 - 1-114 2- O-1ta
32 4-5116 6sta 9-1t4 40 6-5/8 1- 7.7t4 2- 4-1/A 4-5
34 +9/r6 71116 9- | 3/16 4-3 1-v16 1- 9-1/a 2-5714 4 - 8-3/8 3 6-114 2 - 4-1/a

i6 4 13^6 1-7 | 16 103/8 4-6 1.7 | 16 1- 10-3/8 2 7-5tA 4 - 11,5/8 3 a-3t4 2 - 5-1ta

3a t1l16 7-7 lA 1l 4-9 7.1ft I- 11,5/8 2 - 9-3ft 5-3 3 - 11.1/4 2- 7-1t2

.t0 5.3/8 I t -9/',t6 5-0 8 5/r6 2 GT/A 2- 11-1tA 5 - 6-5/16 4- 1-11/16 2 - 9.r/16
8-lt/16 2,2.1t4 3-O.7lA 5 - 9-9/16 4 - 4.3116 2 - tor3/16
t2 5-An 8,11/16 r- 0-t/8 4 - r I,5/8 3 - 3-314
6,7/16 9,15/ l6 1- r7ta 6-0 915/16 3- 6-3/16
7 - 5-1t2 3 - 8'3/4
1.1/4 1r -3/16 r ,3-9/16 6-9 113/16 2 - 9-S/16 3- 11-7/A 5 -7.11A
'|
- o-1/16 7-6 1 - 0-7/16 3- 1-1t4 4- 4.314 a, 3.7t16 6 - 2,9/16 4- 1-11/16
"q 3 5-3114 I - 1t-3/8 4,11.94
1) 5/8 1 - 2.r5/16 r - 8-13/16 9-O 1 - 2-15t16 8-3/4

Source: Tclas Pipe Bending Co., btc., Houston' Texas'

310 Piping Stress Handbook

Miter Welding Dimensions

H K M N s T
1t2 13/r6 3.5/16 3.1n6 2-1116 1-7 /16 3/a 7ta &5la 29/16 t -13/ 16 11/16
1-5/8 +Aa 4.1116 3-3/16 r.l5/ r 6 t-3116 4.13/ l6 3-114 23t8 1-.1/2
1t8 2-1/16 6 9/16 69/ l6 4-13/16 3-rlr6 1ll16 1- r 3/16 7.3/16 4-15/16 3 9/r6 2.3/1C
l- l/8 33/r 6 8,13/t 6 8.11/',r6 6-7lr6 4 3/16 7la 23tA 9-5/A 6-1/2 43/4 3
1.7116 ll lG15/16 8-1/16 5 3/16 l1l16 3 I -O 8-1/16 515/16 3.13/16
I 11/16 +13/ t6 1- 1-3/16 9.58 6 t/4 1-114 3 9/16 - 2-1t16
1 9.1rl16 q.iirrc 7 3t16
t7 la 5.5/8 1- 3-3/8 l-3 1t-114 7-1/2 t.3/8 4,3/16 1 - 4.13t16 11.1t8 8 3/8 s.slu
2-1/a 6.7 /16 r- 5-9/16 t-51/8 1-O7lA 8-5/8 t.s/16 4-3t4 '| 7-114
- r - 0-r1/16 I9/',t6 6.7/ 16
2.7 /16 1.1/4 1 7-314 1 - 7.5/16 '| 2-1t16 9-9/16 l.r3lr6 5-3/8 1 I5/8 1 - 2 3t4 10-3/4 7,rta
211/t6 81/r6 - 9.1t16 - 4-ll16 r0 1rlr6 2 515/16 2- 0-1/16 r 1-15/r6 t.'ts,1c
2.15/16 8, t 3/16 2 - G3/16 r - t1-9/16 r - 5lr/16 11-13/16 2-3t16 6-3/t6 2 - 2-7t16 1- 5.112 1,11t4 q 914
3-3/16 $5/8 2 - 2.3t4 1 - 7.5t16 1 - Gr5/16 2.3/a 7-3/t6 2 - 4.13/16 1 ,7.1t16 \- 2:9t16 , e:9/16
10.7 t16 2 +9t16 2 3 7tA 1 A-7 la 1 - t-7 /8 2.9t16 7.3/4 2 - 7.1t4 | 8,5/8 1 - 3.112 lo 3,/8
3.3/4 11-114 2- 6.3t4 1 - 1C1t2 2.13n6 8.3/8 2 S-a/a I 10,5/16 t
1:1/l6
4 1 0-1/16 2 - a.1la 2 - O.1/8 1 - +1/A 3 8-15/16 3 - Or/16 1- 11-1t8 1 - 5.1t4 11.7tB
+5/16 1-O.7la 2 - 11.1|a 2 - rG5/r6 2 - 1, t1t16 3,3/16 I9/16 3 - 2-1116 2 - 1-112 1 - 7.1/a 1 0.3/4
+gfi6 1 - 1.11/16 3 - 0-7116 2- 3-5/16 3-3/8 1G r/8 3 - 4-7/a 1 8,5/16 1- 1.9/1C
413/16 1-2-7/16 3 3,9/t6 3 29/16 2 - +15t16 3-9/16 1G3/4 3- 7 1t4 2 - 4-5/A 1 9- 12 1-23!a
5.r/16 1 - 3.114 3 - 4- 1tlt 6 2 - 6.9/16 1 - 8-7/16 3-3t4 I t-5116 I - 10.11/r6 1 - 3.3/1€
5 3/8 1- 4-1116 3 7.15/t 6 3 6-7tA 2- 4.1/a r - 9-3/8 4 11- 15/16 4, G1/16 2 7.71A 1- 11-l ta r - 3.7/6
5.51A 1 - 4.7t4 3 - 1(}t/8 3-9 2 - S-3t4 1- 1O1/? 4 3/16 1 -O.112 4 2.1/2 2 - g-7 t16 2- 1-11t6 1 1111. a_

6.7116 '|
- 7.5t16 4- +t1t16 4- 3.1t16 3 - 2-9t16 2- 1-111t6 4.3/4 4- 9,11/16 2 - 4-5ta l-71l',8
7.1t4 1 - 9-1r/16 4- t1-5/16 4-9.7lA 3- 73ta 2- 4-7 tA 5-3/8 1 - 4-1/8 5 - 4-7la 3-7 2 A 1t4 1-9.1/2
8-1/r6 2 - O.1lA 5-5-7tA 5 4,3/8 4 0-1t4 2- 8-1/8 6.15/16 1 - 5-718 6 - 0-1/8 3 - 11-5/8 2 - 11.3t4 I - I1.7,t
6-7 6-51/4 4-10 3 - 2.3t4 7.3/16 1 -9.1/2 7 -2-1/2 4 - 9-3/8 3-1 2, 45ie

Source: Texas PW Bending Co., Inc., Houston, Tlxas

 Weight and Dimensions of Pipe and Components 311

L€ngth of Pipe in Bends

Courtesy of Crane Co.

f*.9\
Radius
of
Pip€
| <fS,,,) id
Bends
t- ILLT_\ e3
-'l
90" Bends | 180' Bends 270' B€nds 540' Bends

ro nnathe length of prpe in d bend having ' Find

Ersmolcr length of pipe in 90'bend of 5'9'radius.
Lenetli of prpA r; o0" bend of 5 radius = o+ra'
a radius not qiven above. add together the Lengrh of prpc rn 90'beno of a' ,adius = W
Iength of pipe in bends whose combined
radii equal the required radius. Then, l€ngth of pipe in 90" bend of 5' 9' radius = 109rl'
312 Piping Stress Handbook

Calculation ot Pipe Bends

Courtesy of Crane Co.

4i' tso

Eromple No. 8-Given A, B, C, D, R

E : D -A _B tH : lllc
F :YE'+ E K:tanlH x R
L:A-K
9o : zc P: B _K
sin
N:F*2K
Exornple No. I l--€ivcn R ond 45o Angler
3.414 x T = T ans.ent
B: 2.828 x
^R
R Length oipipe in bend :
0.828 x R 9.425 x R +27
t+A--E
, l.-s1 z, -

Eromple No. 9-Given A, B, C' D, R

E:D_A-B
F:2N_C M :llK'-n,
e :11o"+ r' {:sinzN Erornple No. l2-Given A,
zH lP :90" * ZH - tN C:A-2R P:2D
R

$: tan
to:r4tP n _tl,op,, r--, E:D-n
C/2R:
lH:90'+ lG
sin tG
K:14c S:tanlOxR F :2E lK = 180'-2 tG

Exomple No. lO-Givan A, B, C, D, R

Exomple No. l3-Given A, B, R
E=D-A-B tH:tltc C:%B EiF = sin lG tJ[:tG-tL
e -tVl-lT"
" K=rantHxR D=R+C H =%F lN = r80'+2lM
v =A-K E = A -2R x = 1ln-' n' t?==s2o; + trI
ltJ \. _ R .K
':-"- -
= = stn otf F =l/D'+E' K/H : sin lL
 Weight and Dimensions of Pipe and Components 313

Galculation of PiPe Bends

Courtesy of Crane Co.

Exomole No. 4-Givsn A, B, C' R

Exomple No. l--Given A, B, C, R
D:B-C LU:sinzF H:tanlG Xft
D:B-C zr
= stn E:V a'+ D' tG:y2tF P:C -H
F
aA lS: tP * tG
F =ll
I
E, tK : 9O" - tS
tL : t4 tS_
Ii = Sln Zu M = rar] lL xt(
H: llr;- n'
N:H+M
--l O:B_C-M

€xonple No. S-Given A, R

(1

B =2R -A c :y (2R)"
- B' lp: sin tD

fxomple No.
N 2--Given A, B, C, R

D: B -C
E:A -R 7:sinlP
:lo, + o'
t8:zP+tG
F lK:9O' lS 6-Given A,
lL : 1/2 lS-
fxomole No. B
E lH:90" - tF
F=s:nz\l M=tanlLY,R C:thB D
N:H+M _M D: t4A E --'-- A, + R1
H : lr'- n' O :B -C G =%E
-' 4A
| _ rtl
E:IC'+ U

Exomole No. 3---Given A, B, C, R Exomple No. Z-Given A, B, C, D, R

D:B -C tG:%tF E =D
-A-B G/H:sinlK IIlL=sintN
E:la'+a H:tanlGxR F:R-C t':lzH to :90' - tK , t\
G:n+F 7p =/2 tO
A

E --'-' P :C -H H=lE+ G" rI:V L'-R' S:tan IPXR

 12
Allowable Pipe Span trlormulas and Tables

Pipe-Span Stress Limits ^M 5 WL'

-Z 42
In order to have a workable set ofpipe-span tables or to
find an allowable span that will require a minimum of
manual calculations, the limit for dead load stresses is set
at S1/2. This eliminates the need for checkins the sum of
'=!@
the longitudinal pressure stresses plus dead load stress.
(Sr,: allowable stress at maximum temperature. ASA
Code 831.1 and 831.3.)
The formula used to determine the maximum soans in
the tables (Thbles 12-l through l2-9) is a mean berween a
uniformly loaded beam simply supported at both ends and
a uniformly loaded beam with both ends fixed. This mean
formula most nearly depicts the conditions actually exist-
ing in a refinery. (See Figure 12-1.) Pipe-Span Deflection Limits
By inspection, if the two moment diagrams in Figure
12-1 are superimposed, the point of the maximum bend- Maximum allowable pipe deflection between supports
ing moment will still be at mid-span. must not exceed 1 in. or ll2 the nominal pipe diameter.
whichever is the smaller. This is the basic piping practice:
Mean= M:vz(Y.y-) however,.it is subject to compliance with the customer,s
specfrcanon.
The formula used to determine the deflections in Thbles
A safety factor of 1.25 is required because of the dis- 12-1 through 12-9 is a mean between a uniformly loaded
crepancy between theoretical assumption ald the actual beam simply supported at both ends and a uniforn r
field situation. loaded beam with both ends fixed. (See Figure l2-2.)
In order to maintain homogeneous units, "Lt' must be in
in. and "W" must be in lbs/in. , however, for ease of han-
M:wL'xl
124
5 WL2
48
dling we wish to have "L" in ft and "W" in lb/ft, whicL
we must now convert to inch units. The preceding equa-
tion becomes:
In order to maintain homogeneous units, "L" must be in
lb/in.; however, for ease of handling we wish to have "L"
in feet and 'W" in lb/ft, which we musr now converr to . wL4 l3.5WL4
inch units. Thus the preceding equation becomes: I28EI EI

M =-
5WI
-
2
60 wL, 5 WL2 ^ 13.5WL4
48 48 EI
(Text continued on Dase 3:0

314
 a

Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 315

simply Supported Fixed Ends

Load frrnT
1_,-N
I
Shear
t t
z-l-- 2-l
-
uoment uJf
Simply Supporled Fixed Ends

., WL ., WL
V =-
2
"- 2

,., -
rvrl -
WL,

"'-=Y ;;

Figure 12-1. Diagram showing how stress limits are determinedby figuring the
mean between a uniformly loaded beam supported at both ends and a uniformly
loaded beam with both ends {ixed.

r, Simply Supported Fixed Ends

5WL4 WL4
384E1 384E1

Mean: =
A1 +A2 3WL4 WL4
384E1 128E1

by figuring
Figure 12-2, Diagram showing how deflection limits are determined
the mean between a unitormly loaded beam supported al both ends and a uni-
formlv loaded beam with both ends fixed.
316 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12-1
Piping Spans Based on the Following carbon steel Materials: seamless A53 Gr.
A, A106 Gr. A, Apt
5L Gr. A; Wetded A53 cr. B, Apt 5L Gr. B, A155 C55 Ctass 2

>200.F wilh Water, No Insulation 201'F-600.F wilh Commodity

(L = 7,650 psi) (f. = 6,175 psi)
= Wetghi ot Waler, Minimum Insutation

Maximum

' Exceeds maximum dettecrion.

Courtesy of Po$,er Piping Company.

Tabte 12-2
Piping Spans Based on the Following Stainless Steel Pipe Materials: Seamless A312
Tp316, Ag12
TP317, 4430 FP316H, A376 TP317

>200"F with Warer, No Insutarion 201'F-600oF with Commodity

(L = 9,375 psi) (L = 8,550 psi)
= Weight ot Water, Minimum tnsularion

Pipe Maximum Maximum Recommended

Size SCH. Span Span

' Exce€ds maxiftum deflection,

Co nesy of Power Piping Conpany.
 Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 317

Table 12-3
TP304L' A312
Piping spans Based on the Following stainless steel Pipe Materials: seamless A213
TP3o4L, A376 TP304, A430 FP304H

201.F-600.F with commodity = weight ol water, Minihum Insulation

>2OO'F with Waler, No Insulation
(1, = 7,550 psi) (r3 = 5'800 ps4
Maximum Becommended

' Exceeds ma)(imum dellection.

Courtesy of Power Piping ConPanY.

Table 12-4
piping Spans Based on the Following Stainless Steel Pipe Materials: Seamless A213 TP304L' A312
TP3O4L

201.F-600.F wirh commodity = weigh! ol water, Minimum Insulallon

>2Oo"F with W.ler, No Insulaiion
(1, = 7,650 Psi) {L = a,500 Psi)

Maximum Becommended Maximum Recommended

Span Span

' Exceeds maximum delleclion.

Courtesy of Power PiPing Compan
318 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12-5
Piping Spans Based on the Following Nickel pipe Material: Seamless 8161 Annealed

>200'F with Water, No Insulation 201dF-450cF wlth Codmodity

(L = 4,ooo psi)
= Weight of Waier, Mtnlmum Insutation
[. = 1,000 psl)
Maximum Recommended Maximum

Courtesy of Po,,er Piping Company.

Table 12-6
Piping spans Based on the Following Aluminum pipe Material: seamless B24l Gr.3oo3 H112

>200'F wlth Wbter, No Insutation 201'F-400.F wilh Commodity

(1. = 4,000 psi) (r. = 1,7s0 psl)
= Wetght ot Warer, Mtnimuh tnsstation

Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended

Cowteq of Power Piping Compaat

 Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 319

Table 12-7
PipingspansBasedontheFo||owingA|uminumPip"M"tg'iM
201.F-4O0dF with Commoclily = Weight ol Waier, Minimum lnsutalion
>2oooF with water, No Insulation
(1. = 3,000 Psi) d- 2.ooo Dsi)
=
Maximum Recommended
Pipe Maximum
SPan
Size scH, Span Span

' Exc€eds maximum dell€ction.

CourresJ of Power PiPing Comqany

Table 12-8
8235
Piping spans Based on the Following Aluminum Pipe Materials: seamless B21O' 9'234' and
Gr. 6061 T4, 8241 Gr. 3003 H18

>200'F with Waler, No Insulatlon 201.F-6OO.F with Commodity = welght o, water, Minimum Insulation
(1. = 4,500 psi) (t! 9s0 psi)
=
Maximum Recommenaled Maximum Becommended

' Exceeds maxlmum dellectlon.

CouneE of Power Piping ComPant
 320 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12-9
Piping spans Based on the Following Red Brass pipe Materiar:
seamress B43
>200"F wilh Waler, No Insulatton tot u:o'o:offn
(l = 1,500 psi) = weisht ot warer' Minimum Insuration
il.
Maximum
""""oditv
Fecommended

Courkq of Power Piping Conpany.

where SB : Longitudinal bending stress, psi Piping Wind Loads

: Maximum deflection, in.
W: Weight of pipe, including commodity and
insulation if any, lb/ft Wind Loads
L = Length of span, ft
E : Hot modulus of elasticity of pipe, psi
I : Moment of inertia of pipe, in.t
Tables 12-10 through 12-12 can be used to calculate
Z : Section modulus of pipe, in.3
wind loads.
f : Unit stress = Sr/2, psi. 56 per ASA Code
The wind pressure (P) in lb/ff on a flat surface normal
831.3
to the direction the wind for any given velocity (V) in
miles/hr is given quite accurately by the formuli

__
To solve for an allowable pipe span with a known
llectlon, use the foliowing lormula:
de_ P : 0.004v,

Table 12-11 gives the pressure per square foot on a flat

surface normal to the direction of the wind for different
. 4i EIA velocities as calculated by the preceding formula.
The design wind pressure at the location of a given
Y 13.5W pipeline should be applied ro the projected area ofthiout-
 I
l

Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables I

side of the pipe (or insulation) to determine a uniformly The design wind pressure depends on the location of the
distributed load as follows: vessel or stack. The U.S.A. Standard Building Code Re-
quirements for Minimum Design Loads, in Buildings and
(P) (c") (D) Other Structures, A58.1-1972, and the Uniform Building
w_ Code include a table showirg wind pressure at various
t44 heights, and a map where these values apply.

where P: Design wind pressure, 1b/ft2

C": Shape factor (See T};ble 12-12) More tables have been developed according to wind ve-
D: Outside diameter of pipe (or insulation)' locity in miles/hr, wind pressure lb/ft2, wilh reference to a
in. pipe outside diameter. These tables are very usefirl for
W: Wind load 0b/in) pounds per linear foot of computer data input to model uniform wind load on pip-
plpe ins.

Table 12-10 Table 12-12

Ofticial Designations of Winds Shape Factors
Shape
General Use Factor
Calm Less than 1

Light wind Ito / Cylinder Towers, stacks, drums, tanks, 0.6

Gentle wind 8to12 exchangers, prping, etc.
Moderate wind 13 to 18 Octagon Piers for towers and drums 0.80
Fresh wind 19 to 24 Sphere Tbnks 0.60
zf, to J6 Flat Open signs 1.60
Strong wind
Gale 39 ts 54 Solid signs 1.40
Whole gale 55 to 75 Closed buildings, framing, and 1.30
Hurricane Above 75 com. parts
Frames, open-type structure 1.60 Open plan
* Beoufon Wind kole, U.S. Weather Burca-.
0.80 Sec. plan
0.00 other
Plan

Table 12-11
Pressure per Sq Ft on a Flat Surface Normal to the
Direction of the Wlnd
Velocity Pressule Corespondlng
(miles/hr) (lbflrl To
10 0.4 Gende wind
20 1.6 Fresh wind
30 3.6 Strong wind
40 6.4 Gale
)U 10.0 Gale
60 t4.4 Whole gale
80 25.6 Hurricane
100 40.0 Violent hurricanes
322 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12- l3
Wind Load (lb/in.)

t5 20 30 35 40 45 50
rb/tt2 55

7! 80 85 9l to0 105 lt2 117

lil il es,/ti R

2.375 .r4 .19 .24 .29 .39 .49

.2t ,29 .35 .43 .51 .58 .55 .80
4.0 0 .25 .31 .41 .50 .58 .71 .83 .9t
4.500 .37 .,t5 .56 .65 .75 .84 .93
. rl5 .69 .81 .92 1.04 1 t5 L.27
5.525 .4r .55 .68 .42 .96 1.10 1.23 1,38 1.51
8.625 .89 r.0? 1.25 I.44 I.61 I.9l
r0.750 .67 .89 l.tl 1.34 1.56 2.01 2.39 1.46
12.7 50 ,79 t.06 1.32 2,r2 t.38 2,92
I4 .47 r -15 1.45 1.75 2.04 2.3 3 2.61 2.9r
1.00 r.33 1.66 2.00 2.3 3 2.67 2,99
l8 t.r2 1.4 9 1.87 2.62 3.00 3.35 4 -1,2
20 t.25 2.08 2,50 2,9I 3.34 a,16 4.58
22 r,37 1.83 2.75 3.20 4. rt 4.58 5.0r1
24 1.50 1.99 2.49 3.00 3.45 4.00 4.48 4.99 5.45
t,62 2.70 3.25 1.79 4,34 4.85 5.45 5.9S
2a r.7 5 2.13 2.9t 3.50 4.0 8 4.61 6.41
30 r.87 2.49 3 .12 4.75 4.31 s.01 5.51 5.8?
2.00 2.56 3.32 4.00 4.66 5.3 4 5.9 8 6.65 7.33
34 2.t2 2,83 3.53 4.25 4.95 6.35 7 -08 7 .7A

35 2.25 2,99 3.7 4 5.21 5.0I 6.?3 7,49 8,24

'1.50
38 2.17 3.r6 3.95 4.75 6 -34 7.10 7.91 8.?0
40 2.50 3.33 4.16 5.00 5.83 6.68 7,48 8.3 3 9.15
12 2.62 3.49 {.35 5.25 7 .01 7.85 8.?4 9.62
44 2,75 3.56 4 ,57 6.4I 7.34 8.22 9.r5 10.0I
46 2.al 3.83 t ,74 5,75 6.70 7.68 8.60 9.58 10.s3
48 3.0 0 3.99 4.99 6.0 0 6.99 8.01 s.97 9.99 l0 .99
50 3.r2 4 .16 5.20 6.25 7 .29 8,35 9.35 10.41 I1.45
4.33 5.40 8.68 9.t2 10.83 rl.9I
5{ 3.37 4.49 s.6t 6.75 7 .87 9.01 10.09 1t.24 \2.X7
55 3,50 4.66 5.82 ?.00 8. r5 9.3 5 10.47 1r.66 !2.42
58 3,52 4.83 1.25 4.45 9.58 10.84 12.08 13.28
60 3,75 4 .99 6.24 7.50 4.14 10.02 Ll.22 t2.49 1.3 .7 4
3.87 5.16 6 .44 7.75 9.03 10.35 tr.59 12.9t 14.20
54 4.00 5.33 6.5 5 .008 10.68 1r.95 14.66
56 4.12 5.49 5. g5 8.25 1I.02 12,34 13.74 15.12
 Table 12'13
Uniform Wind Loads (lb/ln.)

.54 .79 .84 .89 .94 .98

.59
.9{ 1.02 1.09 l.16 r.23 1.3I r./15

4.00 1.00 1.08 r..25 1.33 r. !11 r.50 1.66

/t.500 l.l2 1.2r 1.3r 1.40 1.49 1.78 r.87

t,? 9 2.20 2.34 2.14 2.62 2.76
5
"525
2.15 2.33 2.69 2,47 3.05 3.41 3,59
8.625
2.58 2.91 3.80 4.03 t.25 t.17
r0.750
3.45 3.99 1.21 l.5r 4.78 5.02

t.08 1.37 .4.56 {.95 5.54

I4 3.50
4.00 1.33 1.65 5.00 5.33 5.00

18 /t.50 4.8? 5.99

5.00 5.41 5.83 6.25 ?.08 ?.91

20
5.50 5.95 6.41 6 .87 7.79 8,25 8.?0
22
6.00 5.49 7 .OO ?.50 8.49 9.00 9.49
21
?.54 8.56 9.20 9.7 5 10.29 10.83
25 6.50
7.00 7.58 8.15 9.91 10.50 r1.08
2S

30 ?.50 9.99 10.5 2 rt .8?

32 8.00 r0.00 r0.56 11.33 12.00

8,50 9.20 r0.62 11.33 12.03 13.45 r4.16

34
9.00 9.7 4 10.50 11.99 L2.7 4 L1.24 15.0 0
36
r0.29 II.OE r1.87 13.45 14.25 15.04 15.83

40 10.0 10.83 12,50 13.3 1{.1 rt.00

L2.23 13.12 13.99 14.87 17.50
a2
II.O 13.75 t{.66 16.5 17.4I
ta
12.45 r3.tl 14.37 15.28 r8.20 19.16
45

r2.0 14.00 15.00 16,99 r 8.00 18.99 20,00

!t5
12.5 13.54 14.58 17.?0 18.? 5 19.79 20.83

13,0 t{.08 16.25 17.33 t8.al r9.50 20.58

5a L4.62 15.75 16.87 17.99 19.12 20.25 2!.37 22.50

14.0 17.50 18.56 r9.82 21.00 23.22

15.70 16.9t 18.12 2L.75 2a.!.6

\5.24 r 8,75 19.99 2L.21 22,50 23 .7 4 25.00

50
15.78 19.37 20.55 23.25 24.53 25.83

t5,0 17.33 20.00 24.00 25.66

54
!7 .A7 20.52 23.27 24.75 25.L2 27.50

Pipe Support Selection and Design
Pipe Supports
Because piping is aflected by thermal expansion. sup-
ports in a piping system move thermally in different direc-
tions. Weight is supported by two kinds of supports-rigid
and flexible.
c Rigid supports are supports in a piping system which
stay fixed. They generally move thermally in two direc-
tions-horizontally and laterally, but not vertically. The
weight at this point is usually supported by shoe sup-
ports, bracket supports, dummy legs, or a rigid hanger.
There are hundreds of ways these supports can be de-
signed and every company seems to have its own way.
(See Figure 13- 1.)
c Flexible supports move in all three directions. Weight is
supported in this application by use of spring supports.
Spring Supports
The types of springs offered for industrial support ap-
plications can be segregated into three classifications:
o CoiI spings are the springs most commonly used in the
petrochemical industry for supporting loads. They are
used almost exclusively in the construction of pre-engi-
neered and calibrated variable- and constant-support
spring hangers. They are also used in less expensrve
forms in the construction of hold downs, field supports,
and vibration dampeners.
c Disc spings (BeIlviIIe springs) are seldom used in the
construction of variable- or constant-support spring
hansers, but are available if desired when space limita-
324
13
tions are critical (very expensive). They have been use<i
frequently in hold-down applications.
t Leaf sprtngs have no known applications in the petro-
chemical industry.
Variable Spring SuPPorts
The word "variable" in this description refers to the
fact that the load-carrying capacity of the spring varies
considerably as the spring is compressed or extended
from a fixed reference point. In other words, as the pipe
moves up, the spring is extended and the load that it exerts
is decreased. The opposite effect is experienced when the
pipe moves down. In either case, the force exerted must
not vary when extended or compressed by more than 25 %
(maximum) from the calculated load.
Manufacturers offer a large variety of variable-load
spring hangers with standard and nonstandard scales. (See
Figure 13-2.) The scale is attached to the spring support
frame and indicates the vendor's recommendation for
range of load. Normally, a safety scale is provided above
and below the scale. Beyond these points the unit either
loses all load carrying capacity or it reaches its fully com-
pressed position, therefore prohibiting frrther displace-
ment. In every case, an attempt should be made to select a
spring so that the calculated load falls in the center of the
spring-scale range. The maximum deflection, which will
compute to be not more than a 25% variability, can be
found by dividing the full range of the spring scale, in
inches, by a factor of 2.5. Where the equipment loading is
sensitive or critical, larger-range scales may be beneficial
in reducing the variability percentage.
Typical applications are shown in the next pages along
with an explanation on how to size and how to determine
the type of spring to be used. Dimensions for variable
{Texl conlinued on Page 327
 Pipe Support Selection and Design 325
I g E
HI
E
Ie
o.l
x
FI
l+
lP ll.l
u_!J tl
trTli
\ F.l I ill
||t / -.ll
I ol
_l
tlsstA o
o-
o-
f
$ 6
o
l
o
;
(9
"'l tl o
1
.9
lt
J J ;l
r.
e
!4
.,|
t
o RI fl
.{l
",1
E .i c)l
\tf\ET
, "
'S+ t6 t a
326 Piping Stress Handbook

Type A Typr A Typo B

!t T= How lo D.Lrnio. Type: The type of variable sorine

hanger to be used depends upon the physical ihari
acteristic-s_ reqlired by the suspension problem; i,e.,

m
I
fi amount,9f head room, whether pipe is to be supported
above the spring or below the spring, etc. Consldera-
tion _should be given to the seven standard types of-
fered (see line cuts of types ,,A', througlr',,6"r,
,t Special variable spring hangers can be fabricated for
T .d\ unusual conditions.
i|fr
l|\ V How io Dctcrminc Sire: Conplete sizing infornation is
given above the hanger selection chart
This information is applicable to sizing hangers of
all series.
It will be noted on the hanger selection charts that
Typc C Typr D the total spring deflection in the casing leaves a
leserve above and below the recommended working
load mnge.

Trovol Stop:

lrrtr-l
PICCEI
lrnev:L
i LrIrTl
f sroP
PtEqg

Typr F Typc F
Wirh Roller
L--,1
rH

The functional design of the pre-compressed variable

spring hanger pereits the incorpo.ation of a two-piece
travel stop that locks the hanger spring against up-
ward or downward movement for temporary conditions
Type E Typr G of underload or overload, The complete travel stop,
the up litnit stop only for cold set purposes or the down
limit stop only which rnay be ernployed during erection,
hydrostatic test or chenical cleanout will be fumished
only when specified. The travel stop is painted red
and is installed at the fsctory with a red ..cautio!,'
tag attached calling attention that the device rnust be
removed before the pipe line is put in service.

Figu.e 13-2. variable supports. (courtesy support rechnology and piping Technology products, Inc_)

springs are generally the same for all the malufacturers.
That is why loading tables and dimensions that can be
used for application in supporting piping have been in-
cluded.
Constant Spring SuPPorts
The word "constant" in this description implies that the
spring will exert the same lifting effort as the pipe moves
up and down. Actually, the spring rate in most cases rs
minimized by transferring the load through a series of lev-
ers so that the elongation or compression of the spring is
negligible.
Constant-support spring hangers are considerably more
expensive than variables and are therefore used sparingly.
They are used in conjunction with large deflections where
variability becomes a problem, large loads where erren
small variabilities are a problem, and at strain-sensitive
equipment. (See Figure 13-3.)
Manufacturers offer a wide variety of load ranges, de-
flection ranges, and frames for their constant-support
springs. Loading tables given in Thbles 13-1 through 13-5
and in Figures 13-3 through 13-6, generally are the same
for all the manufacturers, but dimensions are different and
should be obtained from each manufacturer. (See Figure
13-7 for typical arangements of constant supports.)'
Travel Stops
All hangers have built-in stops to limit the travel at the
top and bottom to a small percentage beyond the specified
range. In addition, temporary stop pins are provided at the
initial travel position for the purpose of hydrostatic testing
and to facilitate erection. All stops are of rugged construc-
tion to withstand appreciable overloads.
It should be remembered, however, that hangers will
function only when temporary stops are removed and the
hangers load-rods are adjusted properly to enable the
hanger to operate within the specified range oftravel. An
arrow traveling on a scale readily indicates the travel posi-
tion at all times.
Load Ad justment
All hangers are equipped with a load-adjusting nut that
permits up to a 10Vo increase or a 10% decrease in load-
carrying capacity. However, since all hangers are care-
fully tested ald preset in the factory to specified loads, it
is recommended that no field load adjusfinent be made un-
til it is accurately determined that a change is necessary.
Otherwise, the proper distribution of pipe stresses in the
system may be disturbed.
Pipe Support Selection and Design 327
Standard Hangets
Load-travel data, physical design features, and dimen-
sions are shown on the following pages, for convenience
in selecting the proper type and size hangers for any spe-
cific requirement. Since the load-supporting capacity of a
given size is inversely proportional to the travel function,
excessive overfavel when specified may require a larger
and more costly hanger size than actually needed.
Sway Brace Support
This type of support is also a spring, but is not used to
take care of the weight effect. It is recommended for con-
trolling vibration, absorbing shock loading, guiding or re-
straining thermal expansion, and bracing a pipe line
against sway. Figure 13-8 shows different sway braces
and tables for loading and sizes.
Insulated Pipe Supports and Anchors
for Cryogenic Service
Gryogenic Pipe Supports and Hangers
The design of supports for piping used in cryogenic
service diffbrs from those designs used for standard pip-
ing. In this application the support is designed to avoid
metal-to-metal contact of the support with the pipe. Such
contact would create a heat sink whereby heat would be
transferred from the ambient environmental conditions
to the cold pipe through the metai support. To avoid this
metal-to-metal contact, a support is manufactured from
rigid polyurethane foam. Polyurethane offers both the in-
sulating properties necessary to maintain the cryogenic
temperature, and also the high strength necessary to sup-
port the pipe. Figure 13-9 illustrates a typical cryogenic
support. The insulated support is normally furnished
with the foam, vapor barrier, protection shield, and a
galvanized cradle. These components are all adhered to-
gether into a unit that is easily installed. The saddle as
ihown in this figure may be removed and replaced with
other types of supports such as a pipe clamp for use with
rigid and spring hangers, or with graphite teflon slide
Dlates.
The design of the polyurethane support includes the
following considerations:
. Required insulation property (K-factor).
o Thickness ofthe insulation on the remainder ofthe pip-
(Text conlinued ofl page 3,15.)
324 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 13-1
Load Table for Variable Spring Supports for Selection ot Hanger Size

Lood Toblc in Poundrr lor Sclection of llonger site

3 1

I
6 2

hir
21/. I il'

sp.in, S.dl. - lb, p.r i.,

Courtes! of Support Technolog, Products, Inc., and Piping Technolog)t Products, Inc.
 Pipe Support Selection and Design 329
Figure 2680
TYPE-A TY PE -8. TYPE-C

Typc A rpringc are furnirhed with r threedcrl Type B and C opringe are furnished with one ot
buchirg in the toP Platc, providing for a rimplc rod two luge ae ehown, welded to tlre toP cap of epring'
attachment for the upper connection.
ugt h.i9hl snrF d6vl3 loedod
naiad rd R.H. tu9 cadn0 crdng thrlrd ol pln9 op€n- ihlck- lenglh
PFO nelS x
ha|t9al load 6rn alza thd holc lengtn dlan d.plrr ptn l.ngth |n9
!12a tb tb lgth 3l2a c 6 lt x R s T mtn

0o 7 V2
tht 1Y2 101/rs 1Ua 7h 10,/rs 131/ro
't1h 1013/re 1l/a lk Va 115 6 131316
1o 00
't
v, 5
20 124 c V2 8s/,e 4 1lz lUr 7/a

3'o 166 v2 5 5s/rs ,lr 1V2 1013/rs 11/4 1/a 115/,0 1313/,e
th 1V2 115/rs 1U4 t/s V4 14s/ro
4o 14 5 Ss/r s
7/e 125h 1sYa
29C l5 ash 1V2 121/^ 11/a V4

6o 399 5 813/rs 6% tt 11/2 12 1Ua 121/B 15

7g 532 27 Vr gqa 6% tt 11/2 13% 1Ua 1st/g
14rh
16%
80 713 29 1O1/. !,t 11/2 137/s U1 167/a

8% '| 11/2 14V2 11/4 1U4 17Y2

9o 950 Ya 6 1Ol/s
10o 1235 62 3/t 6 12Vs 8% 1 1V2 1Sla 1U4 11/^ 16la 18Ya

1lo 1615 t/. 1\h 9154e 8% ''| 2 147/a 1Ya 15% 177e

ask 15%s 11/2 1rb ,2 1515he 187ll.^

120 2134 61 1 11/1 1oe/r o
13o 2850 79 1Vs 7 th 13Ys ash 187/rs 1V2 1/2 1815/rs 2171rc
146 3aoo a4 11h 7 1 13U1 85/6 187ls 11/2 181s/rs

15o 5130 100 lU! 7 1V2 1sqa 8% 't% 2011ha 2 % 2131le 23111le
qa
16o 7125 124 1V2 I 1Ya 161/rs 8% 19t 2315h6 2Y2 2471rc
26rri,e
261s/ro
2#l'a
170 q5fl0 154 14t a 18V^ as's 3 263lta 2V2 C^

I 12Ve 2Vt 2811rc 3 27/s Ya 28sh6 31r46

18o 12645 301 2 181/a
19o 1680s 3,18 2U1 I 2% n 12Ya 2Y. 41/2 313i ro
35rrAa
3
4
31h
33h
le 311'/re 3431rc
363/,c 3811/,4
200 22325 456 21/, t0 27/a 23tr 129a 4Y2

21o 29688 528 2!e 10 3Ys 265/r s 12qa 2U, 41/2 3813/rs 3% 1 395/15 4113/r o
45r1/16 37/a 463/rs 48rr/16
19591 684 11 32% 1zEa 3 1

Figure 13€, Spring supports. (Courtesy Support Technology Products, Inc. and Piping Technology Products, Inc')
330 Piping Stress Handbook

Figure 2680
TYPE-D TYPT-T TY PE-F

E- --,
J
c=_:
.-- rl

Type D spring permits adjustment from the top, by lurning lhe nuls on the hanger rod against a piece ot
tubing. The tubing is securely welded to the spring cap. Type D spring is set above the supporting steet_
Type E permits rod adjustment from either above or below the spring.
Type F spring assembly is designed to suppofi piping lrom below, direclly lrom the tloor
Adjustment is made by inserting a bar into holes in the load column. and turning the load column as a jack
screw The base plate is welded to the case and has lour holes for fastening.

type F
thlck-
T
csBlng cr3lng lenglh fr6n9.
!hipplng h.ighl
Lnglh l.ngth ranglh L nrngo nan9. nrng.
a K .l M bolta fian96
0o 6r1/,0 4 9'3/,6 3Vs 7|h 7 AY.
10 1011/ro 9r^6 7Vz 7 AY. t{ Y. 3i3 6
20 8s/,a 4 3Ys 1211h6 7\k 7 eY. tt
3o 5s/16 107h6 8is/,s 10'5/,6 7Y2 a% Y. U.
5s/,6 11/a 11r/i6 1251o 9s/16 7r. AY. 5U.
50 8% 1j/a 13 101/a 121/a 71h AY. Y. Y.
60 % 813/,6 6% 11/2 3 107l* 1211$ 1orh Y. +t
9Ya 6s/s 1Y2 123/a 3 141/a 137/,0 107 Y. +t 6V16
80 5/s 1O1/a 67a -lY2
131/a 3 1431a 111/e 13//s I I 101 Y.
90 101h 8s 131k 3 155h 12'h6 13v4 1(F/16 16}t U2 8U.
100 'l2Ys 8% 1t/a 151h 3 16th 131r/i6 15rr/rs 13Y. 10' 3 161{ Y. a%
tto 7h 9'si,^ 8% 2 12151,^ 3 '| 1V, 13Y2 131/. 1Ak aU.
120 1 10,/15 8% 21h 13'/16 3 15r3/,6 121/B 14Ya 13U. 1@/16 r6,a Y. Y2 AY.
130 I37s 8% 2Y2 16Ya 3 18% 14rr/16 16!r^ 5 13U. 10'/!6 161, % v, AY.
140 131/4 8 2Y) 3 183/a 13U. lG6 16'4 aU.
150 13y4 8% 3 169r 3 197a 15r^6 171116 13Y. 1@1. 16V2 \, A1/.
160 16th6 a% 31/2 19'/i6 3 179! 19% 13Y. 1@/'6 16h Y. Y2 AY.
170 1qa 181/6 85/s 4 21VE 3 25% 197/,n 2t,t,e 131/. 1G/r6 16Y2 ,2 AY.
18o
190
2 1AY6 12Ya 21Vs 3 25r1/,5 191^6 21\lt6 17Y. 15% tt 12\t
21A 201h 124b 5 23% 3 2gqe 2151'6 17U. 15,1/. % 7l 12y2
200 21/2 235h 123/a 5e/,s 265h 3 3231,a 159t
17U. -2 12V2
21o 21/a 123/4 61/t 295/,6 3 35e/i 6 295116 l7U. 15Y. 2 Y. td 't2h
220 3 32 127e 17U. 1g/. tt 12\t

Figure 13-3. Continued.

 Pipe Support Selection and Design 3il l
i80 Figure 2680

ROO SrZ€ A', --

l

L
z

N\
-c

Type G trapeze type spring assemb,y is formed by welding lwo standard spring assemblies to the ends of
a pair ot channels. Type G assembly is especially adaptable tor use where headroom is limited, lo avoid
interference, or lo accommodate unusually heavy loads.
The assembly can be furnished wiih center to center dimensions, as specified by purchaser. When order-
ing Type G, divlde the total pipe load in half to select the proper spring size. Ihe travel range of the springs
remain unchanged-

r
.alod rod caslng caslng min thread
F hanger load (appror) lenglh dlamater cngegornonr channtla
!tza tb each, lb P z
0o 138 28 V2 6rr/re 4 Ya ,b 1V2
1o 200 29 1/z 4 Ya 1Y2 V2
20 256 30 Y2 8s/'" 4 1/a 5h 1V2
3o v2 5e/ro Ya 2
40 446 38 Y2 7151rc 3/a
%
5o 598 39 V2 a5h Ya lt Ya
6o 798 sh 813/15 6s/a 1 2
70 1064 63 5k 6% 1 2 th
8o 1426 1b 10v4 6% 1 2 7/o

9o 1900 123 la 107/a 8E4 1U. 3 t/a

10o 2470 137 Ua 'lzYs 87a 11/re 1Ya 3 7/e

110 3230 125 1/g 91s/rs 11/a 11/4 3

12o 4276 't37 1 10,/re at6 1 1Y2 1
130 5700 175 1Ya 131/s 11/2
140 7600 183 1Va 13Y4 8% 1lz
150 '| 0260 224 1U4 13/a 8% 11/g
160 14250 270 11/z 161/re gVa 231rc 2Va 2
170 19000 326 13/a lAYs Bsh 271rc 21/e
18o 25290 630 2 18Y. 12Ya 2131rc 2% 4
190 33610 2U4 20 12Ea 3r^6 2sh 4
200 44650 933 2V, 2316 12/a 3s/rs 27/a 3e/'a
21o 1137 2651rc 12!a 3rr/ro 3Vs 4
22o 79142 1436 3 32% 1zCa 31t 4

Figure 13-3, Continued.

332 Piping Stress Handbook
Figure 980
TY PE-B TYPE-C
--
-I-

RiS
rElh r rll

stzE'A'

Type A springs are furnished with a threaded bushing in the top plate, providing for a sjmple rod attach-
ment for the uDoer connection.
Type B and C springs are unfurnished with one or two iugs as shown, welded to the top cap of spring.
These types are designed for use where headroom is limited, as these springs can be attached direc y to
building steel by a pair of angles, eye rod or a single plate.
\l

rypr A, C
r.ltht (rppror) lb, {ch

Llgll tP.
B ||,! lhlct a,c
Aa,c hg
o,Ec H R a I La.c D,E
oo 12rl 1 th l1 ,^ is3 6 14Y. 16U. 'tl 'tl t9
lo 149t I th 1Y. ,h U. 161/,3 2111$ 18u/r6 23\'l 15'V,l 171.1 13 t3 20 39
20 ].t 1srh 4 th lu. rh U. 2.t$ 2Vlft 255^. 197/l t5 15 43
30 t4 th tY. 15.. 2O.l$ 2*h. r stt l7+f m 19 33 5t
40 15Y. th 1Y. h 22tl$ 16?h 1At/. 23 2 37 57
5O r6lt 5r/rr llt 1U. ,^ 18'/,r ?35 . 211he 26r/'e 1AU. 20L 25 21 39 6l
6o lt ld'/rr 6tr lh 1U. Y. l8% 23.h 21 26rt 't81r 20"' 38 37 67
70 tt 18tl 651 lh 1k Y. *f 25tr ?31h 2a% m'l16 46 45 69 't(B
80 +t i9. 6tt th 1Y. 21V. 261n 73th 2A?h 2-lU. 23Y. 58 49 72 127
9o ?0'h. 81i 't
lt 1U. 1Y. 2lt.h. 26i'hl 241'h. 29irl! 21Y. AV. 87 u 126 '187
100 L 2Al 851 llt 1V. 'lY. ,h 2qh. a,t$ 27'h. 24'h. 263h1 t(X 9a 140 2.1
1lo ,A r8U. a9i lr 2 1Y. ri 2ovr yr a\ 28tt l9i3/rr 211't 124 189
120 I lgrt 811 1Y. th 1tl 21'lr. 2631rr 2411hl 29rr/'l 211h. 23tlt 94 134 213
't3 0 ltt 2411 8tl 1}| th h A.h. 315/r6 30r!nr 3511,r 263ha 28'lr 134 t29 171 285
t40 ltl 24h 8tl 1lt 3 '| tl 26rVl 3r,rn. 3131r 36t/r3 26ttt 2A'hl t43 t37 174 3o:l
150 1U. 25Y. 6l th 2 tt 8% 39Y. 8Y. 8Y. ?f''ltr 2Ahl r58 149 147 342
160 llt 4h 81r 131 2h 2rr L 3|14 38lt 381r ,€1t 311rr 33pir 204 t8a 27 1|:|4
170 'lx v 8St 2h *t U. 37tr 42y €r 1aV. SiVr 3Flr 25S n3 273 544
18,o 2 3(|lt lx 2tt a 2h t{ 37.ht 12'l|. 34th. 3€rA! 482 147 520 936
190 2Y. 37U. 12Y. 2L 4h s 3lt $ 46'r/,r 4$i. 54. ! 38'/r 570 594 I l7t
no 2U 41U. 1g aw 1 3tr $!rnr 57'tt 629nr 772 693 n7 1573
21o 2* l€'h 1?g. th 1 3tt 57,t 61lt 66% 4Sl^ 196
220 3 0r lg. H 5 1 1 En. 7111L 75'h. &)r/r 62
51l,t
64
9r0
210
015
t1t0
842
1154 2506

Figure 13-4, Spring supports. (Courtesy Support Technology Products, Inc. and Piping Technology Products, Inc.)
 Pipe Support Selection and Design 333

Figure 980

***-ffj T-ffi-r
___l_

I FC-t
xllE
I

llrll
Ll-l-L---i
TYPE-D TY PE-I TYPE-F T YPE -G

0o 19% 1Y. 7V2 7 8Y. Yr 1.900 th

'lo 21lt 1U. 7'h 7 AY. 1.9m ti 'ty'
20 2.Y. 1Y. 5h 7Vr 7 AYa tl 1.9m li 1th
30 2OY. 1U. 7V2 8Y. Y. 2.875 5U.
10 22 vh a% 2.475 5Y. Y. 2
50 23v. 1Y. 5\t 71h AY. 2.475 5Y. Ua

80 23\'tr th 5\t I 1oth lt 3.50 Y. I

70 25Y. th 107h lt 3.50 53/r. I 2
80 1\' 8 1Ot/. Y. ,l 3.50 V.
90 1Y. 5h 13U 16V, 4.50 9Vt h 1Y.
100 29h 13rl 16v. V. 4.50 8U. 1Y.
O 25Y. 13U. '16Y7 4.50 8u. v. 1U.
120 27Y. 2Y. stt 13% 10e/,. 16v, h 4.50 aU. h th {
130 32Y. 2h 13' 16v. 4.50 9U. h th 4
140 2h 13U. l0'/t 16v2 4.50 AV. lVa
150 13u. 16Y. 4.50 a% h 2h 1
t60 3S' 3Yr 13% l0'/,. 16v, Ua 4.50 AY. 2\l {
'| 70 13h 5v, 13U 16v, 4.50 8Vt 2Vr
160 17Y. l5Y. Y. qt 5 563 12v.
190 48tl 5ra 17U. 15Y. 5.563 12v. al a
200 35'1. sV,r 5!t 17U. lsya 5.563 12v, 2'h 1
210 m+t 6Y. 51{ 17v. l5V. 22 U. 5.563 l2v. 3}t a
220 6n llUa r 5?r 2 * It 5.56:] 12/t 3ti 1

Figure 13-4. Continued.

334 Piping Stress Handbook
Figure 820
TYPE-A
III'
TYPE-B TYPE-C
r-l-t
ROD S|ZE "A" - --_<,1

__JH

I B

__t

ROD SIZE "A"

Type A springs are lurnished wilh a threaded bushing in the top plate, providing lor a simple rod attach-
menl for the uooer connection.
Type B and C springs qre unlurnished with one or two lugs as shown, welded to the top cap of spring. S
These types are designed for use where headroom is limited, as these springs can be attached directly lo
building steel by a pair of angles, eye rod or a single plate.

r.rqhl {lp9ror) rb, ..ch

B h.bhr
lug
A.A,C in9
c f \E,C o,E
00 4 10 25
8j/re
s'g/i6 85/,6 6r3i r 6 10 25
20 1O'/,6 7 6 ' 27

30 8'/rs 9'/r6 61/2 7 s I 17 29

5', 6J^G 10j/,0 61h ro I t8 31
50 9r/,6 tl t0 19 32
6o 6% 8 gvz lOYa 8 17 t8 45
70 7th BV2 10 11% 8V. 8% m 19 51
80 8% 8tk 21 m 53
8Y. 1OV.

9o 45 12 68 't6
r00 91/,6 105/ro 13r16 52 a€ 117
1to 12tlt gv, 91/? 45 41 101
120 2 97/r6 1215h6 9'1 4a 43 08 112
130 3 15?/ro 103^5 59 71 134
15ir/,s 1011$ 62 55 8l 139
r5o 3 2 2 127/. 16% 171 71 65 86 172
16() 3 131 14y1 18Y. 20 12rs/,r 88 T7 $ m2
? 3 2O1t$ 2111 133i,6 91 112 zla
180 2 3 16 23 24!. 13$/i6 196 210 488
r90 3 26'/,0 256 218 245 539
200 16
1913i,e 2lllt6 2651'a 29eltt 32() zi2 314
210 1T 2O5116 288/re 30r^6 18 19 3o9 318 &7
220 3 5 26\ t\5 33'3/ro 35r/re 22r. 23v. 460 40r it13 1006

Figure 13-5. Spring supports. (Courtesy Support Technology Products, Inc. and Piping Technology Products, Inc.)
 Pipe Support Selection and Design 335

Figure 820 ROD & NUT NOT

FURNISI]ED
LENGTH TO SUIT
CUSTOMER

TYPE.t) TYPE-E
r-r--
ROD SIZE
--
. LOAO FLANGE NOT FUFNISHED

\\\
INDICATOF

00 7 AYa 1.9m 3i3/,e 1

10 7 ala YB 1 900 3r3^6 I

20 7v, 7 1.9m
30 7Ya 9Yt 2.475 5%
40 8% 2.875 5% I
50 AYa 2 475 5Va 1

50 9 8 1Ot/r % 3.50 1 2
70 I I 1oth 3.50 65/,6 I 2
80 9 I 1O7/. h 3.50 1 2

90 13Y. 16v2 4.50 41.,a 2

100 13% 16V, 4.50 8Va 1Y. 2
110 2 13% 161/, 4.50 S1/. 1V. 2
120 13V. 16V. 4.5!o 8% 1V, 1V.
130 13% 16V, v, 4.50 8V. 3
140 13U. 16Y2 4.fi a% 1Y2 3
150 3 16Y2 450 aV. 21h 1

160 13% 't6Vz 4.50 8% v, 2v. 2

170 13V. 16v2 4.50 8th 214 2

180 l5Y. 22 12V2 2% v,

190 5 17U 15Y. 22 5.563 121h 2rt
200 15V. 22 5 563 121h 27/.

210 25 17Y. 157. 22 12V, 3th 1

2.O 17Y. t 5Y. 22 5.563 12V. 3%

Figure 1&5. Continued.

 336 Piping Stress Handbook

2Il2"8H THO,
SERVICE: Recommended for light loads where verti-
Cal movement does not exceed 1% inches.
APPROVALS: Compties with Federal Soecification
WW-H-171D (Type a9) and Manufacturers Standardi-
zation Society SP-69 (Type 4B).
INSTALLATION: Designed tor attachment to its sup-
porting member by screwing a rod into the top cap of
the hanger the full depth of the caD. 4'FN. TIiD

LIGHT DUTY SPRING HANGER

Corbon Steel Spring Coil ond Coge

The Light Duiy Spring Honger is used for the support of rniscelloneous lield
run piping systems subiect to slight (up to l,/4") verticol displocement. lt is
designed for incorporotion in rod hongers with o lood coupling provided for spring
Iooding. lhe unit does not hove o lood scole ond trovel indicotor. Amount of
spring looding con be opproximoied by reloting "8" dimension with spring deflec-
fron role.
Selection of correcl spring size is normolly done by opproximoie methods
toking into occount weight o{ pipe, covering, contents ond mojor fittings.
Ordering: Order by port number ond spring size nurnber,

DIMENSION5 IN INCHES
Sl1in e a Spr in o w sighr
c D E
Def ledion Lood Defle oio n Lbs.
No. per 100
% 6/, 2 52 26 160
6'/. l'/1 66 238
l) 7)/. 5 87 287
3',/, 1,/, 266 152 350
6t/, 6'/^ 2 ,4 00 200 680
6 t1 81" I0'/s V/" 600 210 982

Figure 1$6. Spring supports. (Courtesy Support Technology Products, Inc. and Piping Technology Products, Inc.)
 Pipe Support Selection and Design

f I
L.
T
+ T
----'l

.[w7-.,
-es.;-

Figure 13-7. Typical arrangements oi constant supports. (Courtesy of Elcen Metal Products Company.)
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 13-2
Load Table for Constant Spring Supports
(lb for total fuavel in in.)
hango. load in oounda for lolal truvel in lnche3
3lzo
 Pipe Support Selection and Design

Table 13-3
Load Table for Constant Spring Supports
(lb tor total travel in in.)
losds in Dound3 lor lotal trevel in inchas
340 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 13-4
Load Table for Constant Spring Supports
(lb for total travel in in.)

mn0aa load In pound! lor total lraval In Inchca

trzc
a aV. I 61h 7 7V2 I aY. I th 10 10v, l1 'fl 1{ t2
19225 17049 t 53AO 13982 i2816 1l431 10986 10253 9613 9047 8544 8094 7drc 73?3 6990
65 201m 17866 16080 !4618 13400 12370 I1486 10720 10050 9459 8SKl3 8463 8040 7657 7308 6991 tt /u,
22064 19615 17654 16049 14711 13580 12610 1 1769 r 1094 10385 9808 9291 a8c7 8406 aa4 7675

1926 474 14790 13733 12417 r2016 r 1310 10681 '10119 9613 9r 54 8738 &359 8o1l
24@3 21362 17 16021
z]111 20s0 18909 17333 16m0 14a57 13866 13@O 12234 11555 10947 10400 9904 9454 9043
6a 26000
2098 1UA 1mo7 15792 1473a 13818 1300s 1282 11635 11054 1627 1004€ !t611 921 I
27635 24564 2210a
16725 15609 14634 13n3 13m8 12323 11707 11149 10042 10179 0756
70 29268 26015 23414 21246 19511 18011
14542 13733 13010 12360 11nO 11235 10747 103(n
7l 30$0 274ffi 24720 2A73 20599 19016 17657 164a0 15450
32835 29186 26268 23880 21889 2@O7 18763 17512 16418 1ge 14593 r3825 13134 12508 11939 1$m 100rts

34764 30s04 27414 25286 231f7 21396 19468 18542 1/384 1636Q 15452 14639 13907 13244 12641 12f€2 11588

74 36700 p&2 29360 26691 2446'6 25a5 m972 19573 18350 17271 16311 15452 14680 13940 13344 t2764 12?63

75 3/.4€9 31040 28214 aaTa 2172 20@3 19400 r8259 17244 16336 15520 14780 14r08 r3495 r2gt3
38800
19248 18r 78 172.1 18380 15580 14471 14,25 'r3d,3
76 40900 363ss 32720 23746 27266 25170 ?3372 21813 20450
2&3 l,lSilt
n 43000 34272 344@ 31273 28666 26462 24572 215m 20236 19111 18105 17?@ 16380 15635 1a955
i
15ll
7a 45335 &297 36268 3297 r {22 27899 25906 24174 22864 213ii5 20149 19€8 18134 17269 1€484 15788

47ef8 42371 3a134 34668 317/9 2€K]35 27Ag 25422 ?3€B4 2432 21185 a)070 1967 18t58 17332 r65fg t5Et
& 50(100 40000 36364 33332 gT70 23572 26€66 25m0 23530 m22 21052 20@0 r9046 18r80 I ZJSO

81 52500 46666 42m0 38182 35mO 3299 30000 27g,9 26250 24707 233:13 2105 21(!0 '| 9€8 19049 18:l€O r75aro

a5m0 48888 44@0 40000 3666 5 3447 3t429 29333 27gO 2s883 24444 23157 mo 20951 20000 r9129 r€{xtg
8il 57500 5111 1 46000 41819 3a332 353a6 32858 30666 24750 270f0 25555 24210 2300 21903 209)7 20@0
49200 44728 409S8 37g47 35144 32799 30750 ng2 27333 25494 21500 n427 22361 21390 20500
52400 47€!7 4i1665 40309 37 429 3492 32750 30@4 29111 27574 am 24950 23816 22741 21B2
5G64 46165 426t6 39572 3@32 34625 32589 30777 2915| 27t@ 26079 25179 24085 230P
06 55400
32444 30736 2C200 .278o7 265,€ 253S 2/BiP
87 584m 53091 44665 44921 41715 38032 385m 34354
s8 61400 i5819 51165 47?32 €858 409]2 38375 36119 3t1l r 32315 s700 99236 2796 26894 25562

AE 550m 600m 54990 fi771 47144 43999 4125n 3€425 36666 3478 33otx) 31426 29997 286S4

61331 56617 52572 4965 4600 43295 46aA 3g/36 3€800 35045 33451 319S 3o$5
90
62m2 57573 53732 5G75 47413 44777 424m 10300 38378 36633 35011 5S8C
91 67164
63@ I 58799 55125 51884 49O0 &20 44100 4ts5 40087 38345 5749
9. 73500 6784 8
s 80830 74617 6S287 4t665 80625 57060 53848 51051
56788
4€500
53000
46187
50472
4467
48177
42t71
4€G4
10416
44135
94 87500 81540 75716 70665 66250 6235s 58848
78930 73665 6q)53 66@2 61344 58156 52615 fi222 4@r0 4@.0
96 a2145 71a75 67649 63888 60525 57500 9757 52m8 50000 47315

97 &5360 74688 70296 66388 628q| 59750 56$0 54313 5't 953 49700

875m 82665 77500 7?943 68888 65261 620@ 5943 56358 53909 51666
85998 80625 75884 71666 64500 61423 58G31 56003 5374t
875& 8i]750 78826 74444 70524 67000 63804 m96 ws1
86875 81767 v21 73156 6S500 66185 43176 cx30 Stgla
875m 84708 8@@ 75787 720m 64566 65444 62604
87500 83610 79210 75250 71661 68402 65430 64708
47221 82629 785m 74756 71351 68250 6ta1,l
67500 86050 81750 n851 743t 1 71c62 dJ122
i06 87500 850@ 80946 77265 739€ 70831
87500 84469 80628 v125 73914
107
875m 83992 80342 770m
a7446 s3646 m183

110
875m 86050 830
 Pipe Support Selection and Design 341

Table 13-5
Load Table for Constant Spting Supports
(lb for total travel in in.)

nangJ load In pound3 ior lotll tievol In inchc

aLa
no. l2V. 13v2 14 14Ya 't5 1SV2 16 15Y2 17 llth t8 1AV2 le 19h m
64 6152 5915 5696 5492 5303 5126 4961 4a06
65 6432 6184 57 42 5544 5359 518 7 5025
66 7062 67$ 6538 6304 6087 5884 5694 5617
67 7@0 7394 7120 6966 6629 6408 620 r m0a
6a 8320 sm 7m3 7428 7172 6933 6709 65@
a 8843 8503 8188 7895 7623 7365) 7131 6909
m 9005 8671 8361 8073 7804 7552 7317
71 9888 9507 9155 8428 8523 8239 7973 n25
72 10507 10103 9724 cts 9057 8755 4473 82G
73 11126 10697 10301 9932 9590 9270 8971 8692
74 11714 1 t292 r0873 10484 10123 9786 9470 9175
12416 1r ct8 11496 11084 10703 10346 10012 9700
76 1$88 12544 12118 11584 11282 10906 10554 10225
77 !3760 13230 12740 122€4 11861 1 1466 11096 10750
78 14507 1399 13432 12951 12505 12088 11698 |l34
79 15254 r4666 t 4123 13618 13149 12710 12300 11917
&) 16000 153€4 14814 fi2€4 13792 12902 125.O
81 16m0 r6153 15555 14S8 14482 14m0 1354 7 13125
8it 't7€o0 '16922 16295 15712 15171 1465s 14r92 13750
83 18400 17602 17(B6 16427 15861 15332 14lX)7 14375
u 19680 18522 142.1 1756S 16364 16398 15859 r5375
20960 20153 19406 1A712 18068 17465 16902 16375
86 22160 213o7 m517 19783 19102 18465 17869 173r3
87 23:t60 ?2461 21628 20855 20't36 19465 18A37 18250
88 24560 23614 2739 21C26 21171 20465 't9805 19188
89 26400 25384 24413 23569 2757 219e8 21288 20625
m 29440 2€3o7 2725a 26283 25377 24331 23740 23000
g1 3?210 31@0 29&50 a7a2 27791 26864 25998 25188
g2 35280 as22 32665 31496 301r I 29397 28449 27563
s 3aan0 37g)E 35944 34639 33446 32330 31247 3)313
91 12!00 40788 39257 37853 $549 3530 34t90 33125
321 19 31175 3@45 29442 2fl647 27494 27179 26500
95 28332 27625
442@ 42494 40g24 39460 381m 36830 35642 34531 33482 32498 31570 30691 29863 29078
4amo 44ZiO 42590 41067 39652 38330 370€3 35938 34445 43822 32856 31941 31080 30262 29486 ?€750
47800 ,r5960 44257 42873 41204 39829 39545 37344 35209 35r 45 3r'141 3l}191 32295 31448 30640 ?3875
98 4SOO 47690 45023 4428[ 42755 41329 4m00 38750 37572 36468 35/27 34441 33511 32631 31794 310m
99 51600 49613 47n5 46066 44479 429S6 41609 40313 39087 37939 36855 3584t0 3/,862 3:}946 33076 32250
tm $6m 51536 49627 47451 46203 44662 43221 41A75 406m 39r09 38284 37219 36214 35a62 34358 335m
tol 55800 53459 51479 49637 47927 46329 44434 43434 42117 40880 39712 34607 37565 36578 35640 34750
102 57600 56382 5330 5142 4S51 47995 4&47 450m 4S32 42350 41141 39996 38916 37894 36922 38000
1(x, 802m 5788e 55738 53744 51892 50r 62 44544 47031 456(P 44262 429S 41801 40673 39604 385€8 37625
104 62800 60382 58 r45 54r 34 52324 50640 49063 47571 $174 44455 43607 42429 41315 &255 39250
105 65400 62882 m552 58346 56375 54495 5e737 51094 49541 4€085 46712 45412 44196 €025 11921 40875
106 68000 65382 62960 60707 58616 56661 54834 53125 51510 5mm 48569 47214 45943 44736 435€8 42500
107 700m 6€228 657m 63350 5116€ 59127 572m 55438 53752 52r 73 506a3 49273 47942 46683 454 85 44350
t0a 7"3920 7to14 68441 65992 63719 61594 59607 57750 55994 54350 52797 51328 49942 €6i]0 47343 a6200
109 70960 74m0 71255 68706 6530 u127 62059 60125 58297 5459 53439 5200 50€30 49331 48rm
1t0 80000 76920 74070 71120 64960 66€60 64510 62500 60600 58820 57140 55550 54050 52630 51280 5m00
342 Piping Stress Handbook

Figure 550 VIBRATION COIIIROl Sire Ronge: For pipe sizes 2 through 24 inch.
AND SWAY BRACT Service: Recommended for conttolling vibration; ab-
sorbing shock loadings; guidittg or restraining the
movement of pipe resulting from thermal expansioni
bracing a pipe line against sway.
Instollotion: Shipped ready foi installation

Adiustment The sway brace should be in the neutral

The FIG 550 vibrotion conlrol ond swoy
broce presents o neol, conpoci oppeqronce
Feotures:
Cut.owoy section shows simplicity
of exclusive .single spring design
Speci{icotions: Fulfills the requirements of the ASi
position when the system is Hot and operating, a:
which time the tension test collar should be hani
tight, If it is not, the sway brace should be ad-
justed to the neutral position by use of the loai
coupling. The screws in the tension test colla:
need not be loosened, since they serve o[ly to se-
cure it to the load coupling.
rVibration is opposed with an ilstantaneous coun-
ter foice bringing the pipe back to normal position.
rA single energr-absorbing pre-loaded spring pro-
vides two way action.
o One spring saves space and simplifies design.
o Spting has 3-inch travel in either direction.
r Accurate neutral adjustment assured.
oEnclosed spring excludes ditt and gives a clear.
compact aPpeaaance.
Code for Pressure Piping as to fabrication details
and materials.

Deflection of single spring occurs

when thrust exceeds pre.compress ion

Tension couses dellection of sin.

glo spring in opposite direction

Figure 13-8, Vibration control and sway braces. (Courtesy Support Technology and Piping Technology Produc:-.
Inc.)

Fi
 Pipe Support Selection and Design 343

Siue Selection: The vibration control and sway btace
gives full deflection forces from 200 to 1800
and hasinitial precomptessed spring forces from 50 to
450 pounds to dampen vibrations, oppose pipe sway
and absorb shock forces.
The exact amount of energy needed to control piping
should be in proportion to the 6ass, amplitude of
movement, and nature of disturbing forces acting on
the pipe. When it is possible to calculate the exact
restraining force required, the size of the vibration
control and sway brace capable of providing this force
should be selected.
To simplify the selection of size, engineets have de-
signed the vibration control and sway brace in three
sizes that are readily related to nominal pipe size. For
pipe sizes 3%-inch and smaller, the small size is
recommended; for 4 to 8-ioch, the medium size; and
for 10-inch and larger, the large srze.
Instollotion: The vibration control and sway brace is
shipped ready for installation. The rod coupling rotates
with slight resistance and the tension test collar can
be rotated by hand while holding the rod coupling
statiorla!y,
lmportont: Rod lengths should be cut and final tension
pounds adjustments made for the hot or operating position of
the pipe. If, with the pipe in its hot position, the
tension test collar can not be turned by hand or if it
tums very freely, loosen the jam nut adjacent to the
rod coupling and rotate the coupling until the coliar
can just be turned by hand. Retighten the jam nut.
When correct tension adjustments are completed, the
btace exerts no force on the pipe in its operating
position. Undei shut-down conditions, the brace
allows the pipe to assume its cold position. It exerts
a nominal cold strain force equal to the pre.load force
plus the amount of travel from the hot to cold position,
times the spring scale of the particular size of the
vjbratron control €nd sway brace.
vibrqtion control crnd sway brrrce

END
El'lD
PLATE SPR]NG PLATE PLATE -. SPRING PLATE
,-ROD COUPLTNG
rN STD. JAIV NUTT
SIO JAM NIJT,'

E
E
L

FtG 550 FtG 555

loads . weights o dimensions (inches)
FtG.550
preload
rod plpe
spring weight size, 3ize, trke-
(approx) oul
to ID each. lb E

1 21o 31/, 50 200 22 '11/z 1 135/o 13/B 177/s 6Ys 1 87/a 11/a

2 4to I 150 600 1 2 1 41/z 14TB 15/B 185/s

,1
95/a
3 10 to 16 450 1800 36 1 2 1
3/a 41,' 173/4 15/s 22 1 13 11/a
18 to 24 900 3600 11/a 2 11/2
'|
Y2 17 21/a 63/q lYz 111i2
13 r3i, o
5 1350 5400 79 1Yz 11/2 141.h 21/a 23r3/ro 63/a 112 1

6 1800 7200 95 212 'lrz 11/z 6tb 2011 2lt 63/a 112 15

FrG. 555
pipe rod
spfing weight size,
ror pipe (3ppror, M,
size tb each, lb E

l 2lo 31/2 50 200 23 3/a 11/? 1 20 24Va 77/a I 93i r6 11/a

2 4lo 8 150 600 26 1 2 1 41i2 2O3/a 25 77/a 1 91si, e 1l/a
3 10 to 16 450 1800 38 1 2 1
3/a 241/s 283/B 7?/3 1 135/,s
4 18 to 24 900 3600 11/a 2 '| Y2 1Y2 65/e 2451.o 6s/rs 295/B g'/a 11,, 12
5 1350 5400 a2 1v2 2vz 11/2 6s/s 2513/, o 6'g/,s 31Ya 91/a 11., 13lz
6 1800 7200 98 1t'2 21/2 1\',2 65/s 2713 rc 6'g/,s 33Ls 9Ya 1)ta 15Yz

A As specified by customer.

Figure 13-8. Continued.

 344 Piping Stress Handbook

FIG 550 A FIG 555 A

**il:"1iu *ll * dimension i! 2It 0 in or les! recornmended when W dimension is 2 lt 0 in, o! lo38,

FIG 55OB FIG 555 B

recommended when W dim€nson is 2 Il I in. or rnot€ recomm€nded when W dimeBion is 2 lt I in. or more

--
r. _ PIPE olAp

noDLnol plpa
drs
2
2%
rwoy broce
!l:e
tl!alqace
corior oI plpa
lo olltlld6 stud
ol ptD6 cloEp
s%
s%
t
3
I sr\e
3% 8Xe
4 6%
5 7
2
6 8,,16
I sX"
l0 r0%
t2 rr%
3
l4 t2tlft
r3,\"
l8 I4tXc
20 rs%
24 r7%
Dimenaions lor ssgemblies lor lsrger pip€ sizes dvdilobl€ on opplicalion.
S€€psrogroph "How lo sir6 qsBemblios" obove.

Figu.e 13-8, Continued.

-a-
ing system. The thickness of the polyurethane support
should match that of the line pipe.
. Support load,
o Environmental conditions-The exposed cradle may
require special coatings or galvanizing.
From these design conditions, a suitable foam density
is selected for the supports. Thbles 13-6 through 13-11 in-
clude some typical properties of molded rigid polyure-
thane foam used to fabricate supports.
Examining these tables, it is apparent that as the foam
density at ambient temperature is increased, both the
thermal conductivity factor and the compressive strength
also increase. At cryogenic temperatures, however,
higher density rigid polyurethane foam has approxi-
mately the same thermal conductivity factor as lower
density foam. This results from the fluorocarbon within
the foam cells becorning a liquid at the cryogenic tem-
perature, thus creating a partial vacuum. Thus the nor-
mal support design procedure involves first determining
the required K factor to insulate the piping based upon
the thickness of the matching pipe insulation. Secondly,
\ the foam density needed to produce the required K factor
is selected. Lastly, the length of the support needed to
support the pipe is determined using the selected density.
P0WERFoAM/P0WEBSLIDE Beference Guide
sEcTloN "B.s'
l-g-
Al ligure numbers ir lhis section
are ava lable
in any POWEFFOAM thickness, sin91e, double
or lriple layefing lo conform to the line
Figure 13-9. POWERFOAM/POWERSLIDE"
Pipe Support Selection and Design 345
Molded rigid polyurethane foam supports may also be
used to support other types of piping systems where the
medium being transferred in the pipe is to be maintained
at a high temperature and protected from a cold environ-
ment. This type of application is typical of a pipeline
pumping oil at a design temperature of 180'F through a
cold environment at approximately -50"F. The insulat-
ing properties of the polyurethane foam are necessary to
keep oil in a low viscous state for pumping over long dis-
tances. The supports for this type of application are de-
signed in the same manner as those for cryogenic appli-
cations.
lnsulated Anchors
For special designs where it is necessary to anchor the
piping system, it is also necessary to avoid the metal-to-
metal contact for the conditions already stated. Anchors
are fabricated for this application by foaming between an
actual piece ofthe line pipe and an outerjacket. See Fig-
ure 13- 10.
POLYUBETNANE FOAM
AOLTEO PLATE TO STR1JCTUBE
*..o.o
"*r.
ro
"t"r"tu".
reference guides. (Courtesy of Power Piping Company.)
346 Piping Stress Handbook

POWERF0AM lnsulated Pipe Anchor

Stainless, copper and
alumanum pipe can be made
into PowERFoAM anchors.

ULTRA HIGH DENSITY

POWERFOAM

STEEL PIPE

EXACT DUPLICATE
OF LINE PIPE TO BE
WELDEO TO LINE PIPE

ON/CONTRACTION

Figure 13-10. POWERFOAM" insulated pipe anchor. (Courtesy of Power Piping Company.)
 Pipe Support Selection and Design 347

Table 13-6
POWERFOAM- Thermal Properties
Apparent Thermal
Power Input amount
Temperalurein Cenligraale TemDeralure in Fahrenheil ol Energy Pow€r Conduclivity
Powerloam Den3ilier
Loss To Malntain
oella "T"/2 ll. l. ''K" Faclor
Hol Face cold Face Blu/Hr. Blu. ln. Hr. Fl.2 "F
lb./cu.ll. Kq./cu. m, Hol Face Cold Face
+43 5 -15 1 110 3 -3I6.7 103.2 264 88.7 0 0213 o 141
10 160.0 1S3 7
10 160.0 +42.9 162I -60 0 109 2 -261 2 760 232 792 0.0219 0.r52
+41.6 193.4 -75 9 106 I -316.1 104 6 24.9 986 0.0241 0167
14 224.O
+42.4 159 6 -58 4 109 -255.3 25.2 860 o.0244 0169
14 224.O 1

+44.3 193.4 -746 111 7 ,316.1 102.2 357 121 7 0.0297 0.206
20 320.0
138.7 157 6 -59 4 101 7 251 7 750 31 8 108 6 0 0321 o.223
20 320.0
Cou esy of Power PipW ConpanJ.

Table 13-7
POWERFOAM* Physical Properties

Engineering
Oata
Slrenglh
Compressive
At Yield with a
Srrenglh Ske.glh Safety Faclor
Or 5:1
Densilies
PSI PSI PSI PSI
Kq. PSI
234 17 2.8 19500 1371 106.8
t0 160 0 -256 160 60 152 5900 2676 2625 I191 534 38
1483 81.6 5.74
160.0 -318 194.5 60 152 4500 2441 2550 1157 408 29 231 1.9 22104
10
59 333 23 3.1 27200 1912 166.6 11.71
224.0 -256 160 60 152 9200 4173 3575 1667 833
11.71
9200 4173 2800 1270 833 59 254 3.2 27004 1898 166.6
224.O -318 194.5 6.0 152
93 380 27 32 40000 2812 264.4 1€.59
20 320.0 -256 r60 6.0 152 r 4600 6522 4204 1905 1322
,318 3900 1630 115 354 25 4.8 34900 2453 326.0 22.92
20 320 0 194 5 6.0 152 18000 8165 1315

Courtesy of Power Piping Conpan!.

ar Yrerd
"o*',l'-?;ly ST?31'.':Tf;",:"':$f3$'j1".'#ij::l'.'h

Table 13-8
POWERFOAM" Temperature Range

Minlmum (cryogenic) seflice Data is all based on tests performed on POWERFOAIiI

lrsrimum (Hol) Servace
Den3illes Temperelure Temperalure made with our tormula and molding techniques.
lb./cu. Kg./cu. m. 'c Independent testing laboratory corroborating iesl data
10 160 0 +275 135 425 -245 available upon request.
14 224 0 +275 r35 -425 ,254
20 320 0 ,275 135 -425 -254

Courtesy of Power Piping Compant

SUPPORT CONTACT SUSTAINABLE LOAD FORMULA:

60" 30" each side of
- /n'D'L I lc\ Sustainaute Loao
vertical center line.
\ 6 l\ t =
C = Compressive strength with safety lactor
O = Ouier diameter in inches
L = Length in inches
Piping Stress Handbook

Table 13-9
Engineering Data

IEIGHI OF PIPE, WATEi

r'rl|sutaTtol{ {PEe Footl

1J2
22

2.052

i5
192.01
I
5

'u
402.n

f
.375 t
"r^"",1 t7912
PIPE 39.59
I
23 '.62 1323.,15

257.&A

751"O r3233 9

i
"Are nol regular p pe sz6

*"SUSTAINABLE
LOADS OF INSULATED PIPE SUPPORTS
2 fb./cu. tl. 32 Kg./cu. n.
COMPaESSIVE STRENGTH = 5.8 pst (.40774 Ks./Cm.t W|TH 5:1 SAFETY FACTOR -
FOAM BY
AMBIENT TEMP

'rrBased on ioam .c,mpresston (with a S:1 salery tacroi, tengrh ot slpports and pipe sizes.
Courtes! of Power Pipin| Company.
 -it

Pipe Support Selection and Design

Table 13-10
Engineering Data

*-SUSTAINABLE LOADS OF INSULATED PIPE SUPPORTS

4 lb./cu. tt.
- & Kg./cu. d.
13 PSI ( 9139 KS /Cm, WITH 5:1 SAFETY FACTOR
COMPAESSIVE STRENGTH =
AMBIENT TEMP,

*rBased on loam compression (with a 5l saietv laclor) length ol supporb and pipe srzes

6 lb./cu. fi. 96 Kg./cu. m'

-
COMPBESSIVE STRENGTH ='I6 PSI (1.1248 KS./CM.4 WITH 5:1 SAFETY FACTOB (NON-MOLDEO FOAM AY
OTHEFS AMBIENT TEMP

"'Based on road compression (wnh a 5:1 salely lacior). length oi supports and pipe s[es

Courtesy of Power Piping Conpany.

Piping Stress Handbook

Table 13-1 1
Engineering Data

-*SUSTAINABLE LOADS
OF INSULATED PIPE SUPPORTS
t tbJcu. fi. - 128 Kg./cu. m.
COiIPRESSIVE STRENGIII = ZI PSt (1.5466 Kg./Cm.,) WITHi:1 SAFETY FACTOR lt{ON-MoLDEo FoAM ay
OTHERS AMBIEXT TEMP.

ot supporrs and pipe si:es.

fi'8as.d on foam densirios (wnh a 5r salety lacto4, iength ot supporls and pip€ sizos.
""Comprossive strength ol POWERFOAM onty.

Counesy of Power Piping Conpan!.


Fundamentals of ExPansion Joints
Thermal movements in pipelines and ducting result
from variations in temperature of the flowing medium or
from variations in ambient temperature where piping is
exposed to weather. If not compensated for in system de-
sign, these movements may cause high stresses, possibly
resulting in failure of the piping or connected equipment.
Compensation for thermal movement in a piping system
. can be achieved by three basic methods:
1. Designing a flexible piping system that utilizes
changes of direction to absorb movement.
2. Using pipe loops or bends to absorb the movement.
3. Using expansion devices, such as expansion joints,
swivel joints, ball joints, ard flexible hose.
There are two general categories of expansion joints-
- the slip type and packless (or bellows) type. The packless,
corrugated metal expansion joint is most frequently used
in modern piping applications. It does not require mainte-
nance, and its hherent flexibility to absorb thermal move-
ments in several planes permits greater freedom in piping
design. The slip joint, a pair of telescoping sleeves made
pressure tight by a packing gland, can absorb a greater
amount of axial movement than a comparable bellows-
type joint. However, it requires periodic maintenance and
is restricted to axial movement only.
Types of Joint Movements
Expansion joints installed in piping systems are subject
to thee types of movement-axial movement, angular ro-
tation, and lateral deflection. These movements can occur
individually or in combinations. The four examples in
Figure l4-1 show how single and universal expansion
ioints absorb these movements.
351
J
t4
Nomenclature and SYmbols
Standard nomenclature used in discussing expansion
joints and the symbols used in applications drawings are
presented in Figure 14-2.
Types of Expansion Joints
The type of expansion joint used depends on the qpe of
movement to which it will be subiected.
Single Expansion Joint
This is the simplest type of expansion joint . As its name
implies, it is constructed with one bellows and is used
mostly to absorb axial movements. A single joint can also
be used to absorb angular ald lateral movements, as well
as a combination of these three basic movements.
Figure 14-3 typifies good practice in the use of a single
expansion joint to absorb axial movement. Note that the
expansion joint is placed between two main anchors (MA)
and that it is located near one of the anchors. Q'{otice also
that the first alignment guide (GD is placed close to the
joint. The second guide (G2) is close to the frst, and in-
termediate alignment guides (G) are provided along the
balance of the line.
Double Expansion Joint
This consists of two single joints joined by a common
connector that is anchored to a rigid part of the structure
by means of an anchor support base. Double expansion
 Piping Stress Handbook

r*F
I
I

AESORPTION OF AXTAL MOVEMEIiT

(SINGLE JOTNT)

ABSORPTION OF ANGULAR ROTATION

(SINGLE.'OINT)

--I -t-'
1+
- -li
rl L EGEND

ABSORPTION OF LATERAL DEFLECTION - X: COMPRESSION

+X: EXTENSION
AND AXIAL MOVEMENT 9: ANGLE OF ROTATTON
(UNIVERSAL.JOINT) Y: L ATERAL DEFLEcTIoN

Figure 14-1. Expansion joint movements. (Courtesy of Badger Expansion Joint Company.)

joints are supplied with or without an anchor support base
depending on the customer's preference. See Figure 14-4.
A double joint is used when the axial movement to be
absorbed is too large to be handled by a single joint. The
intermediate anchor on the center nipple divides this
movement so that each bellows of the double joint is usu-
ally located in the center of a pipe run: so both ends are
subjected to the same movements and have the same num-
ber of corrusations.
Universal Expansion Joint
This consists of two bellows joined by a common con-
nector which is not anchored to the structure. This per-
mits the universal expansion joint to absorb any combina-
tion of three basic movements-axial, lateral. and
angular-where these movements are too sreat to be han-
dled by a single joint.
Universal joints usually have tie rods with stops that
distribute the movement between the bellows and siabilize
the corrunon connector. The joints find increasing use in
steam and hot-water distribution systems because there
are impressive cost savings for the large amounts of
movement they can absorb with a minimum of guiding
and anchoring.
Figure 14-5 illustrates a universal expansion joint used
to absorb lateral deflection in a single plan Z bend. Both
anchors are intermediate anchors because the pressure
loading is absorbed by the tie rods. Only directional guid-
 Fundamentals of ExDansion Joints 353

T MAIN ANcHoR
Xf--f -ffi- sTNGLE E*PANSToN JorNT

Ft
T . DTREcnoNAL
DMA DOUBLE EXPANSION JOINT
l2\-------------1 MA|N ANcHoR WITH INTERI\4EDIATE ANCHOR
mmr
F__x--? IA
INTERMEDIATE
ANCHOR
PRESSURE BALANCEO

T I
EXPANSION JOINT

t \DIRECTIONAL INTERMEDIATE
m7f
- 'ANcHoR wtrH GUTDE
DIA
SINGLE EXPANSION JOINT
l---- PrPE ALTGNMENT GUTDE
WITH TIE RODS

rr---r l

'" lfi:11
tEt
mmm UNIVERSAL EXPANSION JOINT
sroE vrEw END VIEW WITH OVERALL TIE RODS
PLANAR PIPE ALIGNMENT GUIOE

ra*/L
sPRrNc suPPoRr
't t ) UNIV€RSAL EXPANSION IOINT
c-------E-------
WITH SHORT TIE RODS

+ P,PE REDU.ER

GUSSET UNIVERSAL PRESSURE EALANCED

EXPANSION JOINT

l--'-4 HTNGED EXPANSToN rorNr

-Ff

GIIvIBAL EXPANSION JOINT

Figure 1'l-2. Expansion loint symbols. (Courtosy ol Badger Expansion Joint Company.)
 Piping Stress Handbook
Figure 14-3. Single expansion joint. (Courtesy of Badger Expansion Joint Company.)
Figure 14-4. Double expansion joint. (Courtesy ot Badger Expansion Joint Company.)
f-
I
MOVEMENT HOT
-LATERAL
Figure 14-5. Universal expansion joint. (Courtesy
of Badger Expansion Joint Company.)
ing, if any, is required because the compressive load on
the pipe consiss onJy of the force necessary to deflect the
expansion joint.
Where dimensionally feasible, the expansion joint
should be designed to fill the entire offset les so th;t its
expansion is absorbed within the tie rods as ixial move-
ment.
Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint
This is a combination of single joints that oppose each
other in the same way the internal pressure loads oppose
the other. This prevents excessive loading due to presiure
thrust from being transmitted to pipe anchors, turbines, or
di '1il-
l|l
Figure 14-6. Pressure balance expansion joint.
(Courtesy of Badger Expansion Joint Company.)
process equipment. The compressive forces of the two
bellows are additive, but these are usually negligible in
comparison with the pressure forces. This type ofjoint is
used where a pipeline changes direction. It absorbs axial
or a combination of axial and lateral movements.
_ Figure 14-6 shows a tlpical application of a pressure-
balanced expansion joint for combined axial movement
and lateral deflection. The anchor on the piping run and
that on the turbine are intermediate anchors, and onlv di-
rectional guiding is required. By proper design. the guide
directly above the turbine can be made to absorb the axial
movement forces of the expansion joint without transmit-
ting these to the turbine. The only force imposed on the
turbine is that which is required to deflect the expansion
ioint laterallv.
 Fundamentals of Expansion Joints

Hinged Expansion Joint Hor ----------.1

rA(:
This is a single expansionjoint designed to permit angu-
lar rotation in one plane only by use of a pair of pins
through hinge plates attached to the expansion joint ends.
Hinged jo-ints are used in sets of two or three to absorb
pipe movement in one or more directions in a single plane
piping system. Each individual joint in the system is re-
stricted to pure angular rotation by its hinges. However,
each pair of hinged joints, separated by a section of pip-
ing, will act together to absorb lateral deflection in much
the same manner as a universal expansionjoint in a single-
plane HEJ: Hings Expansion Joint
- application. PG: Planar Guide
Expaniion joint hinges are designed to transmit the fu1l
pressure thrust of the expansion joint and, in addition'
may be designed to support the weight of piping and
equipment, and absorb thermal loads, wind loads, and
other external forces. A hinged system permits large
movements to be absorbed with the minimal anchor
forces.
Figure 14-7 illustrates a two-hinge expansion joint sys-
tem. In this application the expansion joints absorb only
the differential vertical growth between the vessel and
pipe riser. Any horizontal movement due to piping elpq-
iion, vibration, wind loads, etc. will be absorbed by bend- Figure 14-7. Hinged expansion joint. (Courtesy of
ing of the vertical pipe leg. A planar guide may be in- Badger Expansion Joint ComPanY.)
stalled near the top of the vessel to protect the hinged
joints from wind loads at right angles to the plane of the
piping.

Gimbal Expansion Joint

This is a single expaqsion joint designed to permit angu-
lar rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs of hinges
affixed to a cornmon floating gimbal ring' Unlike the
hinged joint which can absorb angular rotation in a single
plane ofun the gimbal joint can absorb angular rotation in
any plane. The ability of the gimbal expansion joint to at-
sorb angular rotation in any plane is most often applied by
using two gimbal joints which act together to absorb
movement. Gimbals, like hinges, are designed to transmit
the pressure thrust and are used in pairs, or in conjunction
with a hinged joint.
Figure 14-8 illustrates a gimbal-joint application. Be-
cause pressure loading is absorbed by the gimbal struc-
ture, only intermediate anchors are required. Planar
zuides are provided to restrict the movement of each pip-
ing leg. Ai in a hinged-joint installation, the location of
pipe suppo.t. is simplified by the load-carrying ability of Figure 14-8. Gimbal expansion joint. (Courtesy
the simbal. Badger Expansion Joint Company.)
 Piping Stress Handbook
Anchors, Guides and Supports
Pipe Anchors
The.function of pipe anchors is to divide a pipeline into
individual expanding sections. Since thermaj movement
cannot be restrained, it is the function of pipe anchors to
limit and control the movement that expansion joints, lo_
cated in the line between the anchors, must abiorb.
In some applications, major pieces of connected equip_
ment such as turbines, pumps, compressors. and reaciors,
lI desrgned to wlthstand the forces acting upon them. can
function as anchors. Additional pipe ichors are com_
monly located at valves, at changeJ in pipe direction, at
blind ends of pipe and, at major branchionnections. ix_
pansion devices must be installed in each of the pipe sec_
tions to provide flexibility.
Pipe Guides
A pipe guide is a sleeve or frame fastened to a risid
structure that permits the pipeline to move onJy along-its
9wn lxls: The guide is needed to prevent the pipeline
from buckling due to the pressure thiust or ftelbiiity of
the expansion joint-or both.
.. A
planar pipe guide is a pipe guide modified to permit
limited movement in one direction other than loneitudi_
nal. It is used in "L" or "2" piping configurations (see
figurg J+j) where rhe expansion idints ar6 subiected to
lateral deflection or angular rotatton.
Pipe guides should be located and spaced carefullv in a
piping system. (See Figure l4-9.)
.
A pipe support carries the dead weight ofthe insulation,
piping. and its contents. Pipe supports are not pipe guides.
supports do not lim.it the free movement of piping or con_
tribute to guiding it in any way. The recommendations for
pipe anchors and guides given in this chapter represent the
mlrxmum requrements tor controlling pipelines contain_
ing expansiotr joints. However, standard piping practice
usually requires additional pipe supports b;twe;n guides.
Forces and Moments
To calculate the loads on piping, supports, and equip-
ment, the forces and moments to move an expansion joint
must be known. The expansion joint manufacturer will
provide axial, lateral, and angular spring rates.
Cold Springing of Expansion Joints
"Cold springing" means prestraining the elements of a
piping system at the time of installation so that thermal
stresses occun'ing when the piping is hot are appreciably
reduced. The purposes of cold-springing expaniion joints
may be considerably different, although the mechanics are
basically the same. Cold springing is generally applied to
expansionjoints absorbing only lateral deflection or angu-
lar rotation.
Cold springing should not be confused with ..orecom-
pressing" or "presetting" an expansion joint. Tire laner
terms apply to adjusting an expansion joint in an axial di-
rection to allow for specified amounts of axial compres-
sion or extension without physical interference between
the corrugations or overextending the corrugations,
yhich mighl damage them. If deshed, cold springing can
be done at the factory before shipment to facilitate instal-
lation.
The endurance or cyclic life of an expansion joint is de-
pendent on the maximum mnge of stress to which the bel-
lows is subjected, the numerical maximum stress value
being a far less significant factor. Cold springing an ex-
pansion joint to reduce the maximum numerical stress
would not result in any great improvement in cyclic life.
There are, however, a number of other reasons for cold-
springing exparsion joints as foliows:
Force Reduction
Ila wide range of applications, the force required to
deflect an expansion joint is significant. Where the expan-
sion joint is used to relieve the loading on sensitive equip-
ment, where anchor structures are limited to extremely
small loads, and in other similar cases, cold-springing the
expansion joint at installation can cut the maximum de-
flection force in half. In some cases, a 100% cold spring
will reduce deflection forces to a minimum at extremely
high operating temperatures.
Stability
Figure l4-1 shows the movements ofbellows due to an-
gular rotation and/or lateral deflection. In both cases, one
side of the bellows is extended and the other compressed.
so the bellows may become distorted when subjected to
 Fundamentals of ExPansion Joints 357

MAXll,4UM RECOMMENDED SPACING FOR TNTERMEDIATE PIPE GUIDES

AXIAL MOVEMENT ONLY (VALUES BASED ON STANDARD WEIGHT CAREON STEEL PIPE )
400
400
350
350
300
300
250

200 200
r80 t80
r60 t60
r40 r40
r20

6 roo

=a^
feo
r..r 70
e
lao
(9 --
k--
6
>40
CE

F
z-30

toL
400 250
MAXIMUM PRESSURE-PSIG

NOTE: I.ADOIIIONAL PIPE SUPPORTS ARE USUAILY iEOUIREO A€TW€EI'I GIIIDES II{
ACCORDANCE WITH STANOARO PRACTIC€.
2 ARROWS REF€R TO EXAMPLE GIVE^I IN TEXI

Figure 14-9. Spacing for guides with expansion joint. (courtesy of Badger Expansion Joint company.)

internal pressure. Reducing either the internal pressure or Component Clearances

the displacement of the corrugations will improve the sta-
bility of the expansion joint. By cold springing the expan-
sion joint 50% at installation, the maximum displacement
per corrugation is cut in half and the exparsion joint is far
more stable. For this reason, where expansion joints are
subjected to large lateral deflections, or where operating
pressures are high, it is good practice to install the joint in
a 50% cold-sprung condition.
Where an expansion joint is furnished with internal
sleeves, external covers, or tie devices spanning the be1-
lows, these components must have enough clearance to
accornrnodate the lateral deflection or angular rotation of
the joint. The required clearance can be reduced to a mini-
mum if the joint is cold sprung 50%. By this means, hter-
 358 Piping Stress Handbook
nal sleeves of maximum diameter can be furnished, the
overall diameter of an expansion joint incorporating ex-
ternal covers or tie devices minimized, and the desien of
external structures simplffi ed.
Use of Internal Sleeves in Expansion
Joints
. I?"r:lJ sleeves should be specified in expansion joints
ln me Iollowlnq cases:
l. When smooth flow and/or minimum friction losses
are desired.
2. Where flow velocities are hish.
3. Where there is a danger of pitting or erosion.
4. In high-temperature applications.
5. When copper bellows are used and the application is
for high-pressure drip, super-heated steam, hot wa-
ter^or condensate, or where there is any possibility
of flashins.
Internal sleeves should not be used where tars or other
highly viscous fluids are nowing. il;;;;;t-";;;;
'jplcking up," "coking," or "caking" and result in joint
Calculation of Forces and Loads
failure..If purging will prwent these conditions, sleeves The forces or loads to be calculated for tie rods, hinges
should be used in conjunction with purging comections.
Tie Rods, Hinges, and Similar
Accessories
In a piping system with expansion joints, it is often im-
practical to provide main anchors to absorb pressure
thrusts. In these cases. tie rods. hinges, or gimbals may
solve the problem as long as their attachments are de-
signed to transmit the forces imposed by pressure in the
expansion joint.
Method of Attachment
Tie rods, hinges, and gimbals are attached in two basic
ways:
1. By a structure whose function is to transmit the
loads to the pipe or equipment. This concentrated
loading may introduce high localized stresses into
the prping in addition to the stresses due to internal
pressufe.
2. By direct attachment to flanges, which then carry
the loads on the rods or hinges in addition to their
normal flange load. In this method the total load is
transmitted through the flange bolts to the mating
ange and then to the connecting pipe.
In some instances cold springing is recommended to
keep tie rods closer to the bellows. thereby minimizing
moments. When ordering, advise if joints are to be insul
lated. If so, speci$ the insulation thickness, because this
will affect the hardware desien.
. Consideration must also be-given to the crushing of pip-
ing. Attachments must be designed to distribute -the l-oid
as much as possible. In some cases it becomes necessary
to increase the thickness of the pipe wall and/or the
lengths of the pipe nipples in orderlo distribute the load.
Proper design of attachments is extremely important.
parJicularly for critical applications with high piessures
and temperatures. In such cases, hardware-cai cost as
much as or mrcre than the expansion joints. For greater
systgm rgliab_ilrry, it is important that emphasis be put on
engineerirg design rather than price. Upon receipt of per_
unent apptlcatron data. sp€cial requirements can be deter_
mlneo,
and attachments are:
1. Pressure thrust.
2. Force to extend or compress the expansion joint due
to thermal growth within its tied lensth.
.'- Weight of joint.
4. Unsupported weight of prptng and insulation be-
tween a pair of bellows.
5. Weight of fluid carried in the joint and unsupported
piping. In large joints, consideration should be eiven
to the weight o[ water used in hydro testing.
6. Wind loading effects, if present.
In addition, effects of temperature and flow conditions
must be accounted for.
Cycle Life Expectancy
The cycle life expectancy of an expansion joint is af-
-
fected by various factors in physical Construction. These
are:
1. Operating pressure.
2. Operating temperature.
3. Bellows material.

4. The movement per corrugation.
5. The thickness of the bellows.
6. The center-to-center distance of the corrugations.
7. Depth and shape of the corrugation.
Any change in these factors will result in a change in
the life of the expansion joht.
The life expectancy is defined as the total number of
complete cycles that can be expected from the expansion
joint based on data tabulated from tests performed at room
temperature under simulated operating conditions. A cy-
cle is one complete movement from the full-open to the
fi.rll-closed to the full-open position. It should be noted,
however, that laboratory tests rarely if ever duplicate ac-
tual service conditions. Cycle life is only one factor in the
design of an expansion joint and may be tle least impor-
tant. Many life cycle tests have been conducted and ex-
pansion joints can be manufactured to meet any specifica-
tion. However, experience has shown that few
applications have a real need for high cycle-life design,
which adds unnecessary costs to the expansion joint.
Corrosion
Corrosion can significantly reduce the service life of an
expansion joint. The design and operating characteristics
of expansion joints are such that they may be exposed to
corrosive attack under conditions that do not affect piping
and fittings of similar materials.
Types of corrosion most frequendy experienced in ex-
pansion-joint applications are as follows:
1. Stress-corrosion (a cracking of the material as the
result of a combination of stress and corrosive envi-
ronment).
2. Intergranular-corrosion, characterized by a prefer-
ential attack along the grain boundaries in metals.
3. Pitting, which is a localized attack on metals.
4. General corrosion or the gradual eating away of the
metals in a system.
5. Impingement and corrosion erosion, associated with
the impact of a liquid or gas medium on the surface
of the material under attack.
6. Elevated temperature oxidation, most comrnonly en-
countered in hot ak and exhaust lines.
The corrosion resistance of stainless steel depends on
the formation of a thin, unbroken, chromic oxide surface,
which will form slowly in the atmosphere on clean stain-
less steel. Particles of steel from welding spatter should be
Fundamentals of Expansion Joints 359
prevented by covering the bellows and using an antispat-
ter compound when welding.
External conditions should also be considered. External
corrosion can result from fumes or sprays that may con-
tact the bellows or in tunnel and manhole installations
where water is allowed to collect. Direct application of in-
sulation to the expansion-joint bellows and direct burial in
the ground are not recommended. Many corrosion prob-
lems encountered in the field can be reduced, if not com-
pletely eliminated. Where corrosion problems are com-
plex, consult a qualified corrosion engineer.
Erosion
This is the mechanical wearing away of the metal sur-
faces in a joint. It usually results from the irnpact of solid
particles entrained in the flowing medium. Where there is
a possibility of severe erosion, such as in lines carrying
abrasive media, heavy liners should be used to protect the
bellows of the expansion joint.
Calculating Thermal Expansion
Metallic, packless expansion joints are normally de-
signed to move in axial compression only, and unless oth-
erwise specified, the minimum and installation temp€ra-
tures are assumed to be 60'F.
Here is how to determine the amount of thermal expan-
sion in a piping system:
Example
Assume a 10-in. steam line fabricated from carbon steel
is carrying superheated steam at 300 psig and the distance
between pipeanchors is 1,10 ft-O in. The minimum ambi
ent temperature is 70"F and the maximum operating tem-
perature is 460'F.
Sorution
From Chapter 2, Table 2-1, we find that the expansion
of carbon steel pipe at 460'F is 3.25 in. per l0O ft, and at
70'F the expansion per 100 ft is 0 in.
 Piping Stress Handbook
Total expansion:
(r4O ft) (3.2s in.) - 0 in.
100
: 4.55 in.
Therefore, we find that we should select an exDansion
joint that will absorb ar least 4.55 in. of axial
slon.
Precompression
If the minimum operating temperature is lower than the
qggput d installation temperature, the expansion joint
will be subjected to both enension and compression-dur_
ing^operation. Because most expansion jointjare designed
to runcuon rn compression only. any expansion joint used
rn
lyclr an apphcatlon must be precompressed (prior to in_
stallatton) to prevent extension of the expansion joint be-
yond its original. overall length.
If advised of the minimum. maximum, and installation
temperalures when the order is placed. the expansionjoint
wlll be tactory precompressed and may be installed as re_
ceived.
In the case of expansion joints specified for low-temper-
ature service only, the installation and maximum temoera-
tures are normally the same. so thejoints function eniirely
in extension. Where such service conditions are clearly
specified, the expansion joint will always be factory pre-
compressed, ready for installation.
Where it is not possible to anticipate the installation
temlerature, the expansion joint may be precompressed
in the field. The amount of precompression is determined
as follows:
-4(Tz-Tr)
(Ts - Tr)
D- Total amount of precompression, in.
Total rated axial movement of the expan-
sion joint, in.
Minimum temperature
Installation temperature determined by ac-
tual temperatue reading of adjacent pip-
ing. Do not use the ambient atmospheric
temperature for this purpose.
Maximum temDerature
Example
Assume that the installation temperature will be 70"F.
The required precompression is then calculated as fol-
lows:
"o*o."._
P_
6(70.F - 0.F) _ 0.913 in.
(460"F - 0.F)
Note: If the amount of precompression is very small (Va
in. per corrugation or less), it may be neglected. When
precompression is required, remember to deduct the
amount of this precompression from the normal overall
length dimensions.
Application
Pipe Anchors
The first step is to determine the tentative locations of
pipe anchors. By proper location, any piping system can
be reduced to a number of individual eipanding pipe sec-
tions having relatively simple configurations. The number
and location of pipe anchors will depend upon piping con-
figuration, amount of thermal expansion, the proximiry of
structural members suitable for-use as anchors, and-the
location ofpipe fittings, connected equipment, and branch
connections.
. Start out with the assumption that single expansion
joints in straight axial compression will provide the sim-
plest and most economical layout. Wherever possible, the
distance between anchors and amount ofexpansion should
be kept uniform so rhat the expansion joinis used will be
interchangeable. Ib minimize the number of exDansion
joints adjust the distance between alchors so thai exoan-
sion joints having a maximum number of corrugations in
each bellows (consistent with stabilitv) can be ised.
Galculation of Forces Acting on Main
Pipe Anchors
A main pipe anchor must be designed to withstand the
forces and moments imposed upon it by each of the pipe
sections to which it is attached. In the case of the installa-
tion illustrated in Figure 14-10, the force acting on the
main anchor consists of the full line thrust due to pressure ,
-the
the force required to deflect the expansion joint, rated
 Fundamentals of Exoansion Joints

'1
0z

I Figure 14-10, Diagram illustrating the forces that act upon the main anchor.

Figure 14-11. Diagram illustrating the forces that act upon the main anchor in applications involving straight pipe
selections and in applications involving anchors at pipe bends and elbows.

movement, and the frictional force due to the pipe align- where :
F,nn Force on main ancho! lb
ment guides. Formulas for calculating anchor forces in F, : Static thrust due to internal pres-
various applications follow. sure' lb
The steps for calculating the main anchor forces for ap- F. : Force (ftom data sheet) required to
plications involving straight pipe sections (see the center extend or compress the expansion
anchor in Figure 14-ll) are: joint, lb
Fg : Frictional force due to pipe align-
1. Calculate the firll line thrust: ment guides. Note: This can be ob-
tained from the manufacturer of the
F":AP guides.

where F, : Static thrust due to internal pressure,

lb
A: Effective pressure thrust area (in.2)
To determine the net load on the anchor, it is neces-
sary to add vectorially the forces imposed upon it by
taken from data she€t
P: Maximum pressure (p6i) based on
each of the three pipe sections to which it is at-
tached.
the most severe conditions whether
I design, operational or test

2. Assuming that the weight of the pipeline and its con- To calculate the main anchor forces for applications in-
tents are carried by supports. To calculate the total volving straight pipe sections containing expansion joints
t force imposed on the main anchor (F) by any one ofdifferent diameters (see center anchor in Figure 14-12),
pipe section use the following equation: use the following equation:

F':F"+F.+F" 4:(Ar-&)P
 Piping Stress Handbook

Figure 14-12. Diagram illustrating the torces that act upon the main anchor in applications involving straight pipe
selections containing expansion joints of ditferent diameters.

where A1 : Effective area, corresponding to the the centrifugal thrust (Fo) due to flow, must be consid-
mean diameter of the corrugations of the ered. Fo may be calculated as follows:
expansion joint in the larger pipe section,
m.' 2ADV2 0
,q.2 : Effective area, corresponding to the -
rp:
mean diameter of the expansion joint in
the smaller pipe section, in.2 : Internal
P : Maximum pressure (psi), based on the
where A-sln- area of pipe, ff
most severe conditions, whether design,
D : DensiU of fluid, lb/ft3
operational, or test.
: Velocity of flow, ft/sec
e : Acceleration due to gravity, 32.2 fllsec2
Here again, it is necessary to consider the differences in o : Angle of pipe bend
the forces required to extend or compress the expansion
joints and the differences in the frictional forces due to
pipe alignment guides and supports. Thus, the total force Calculation of Intermediate Pipe Anchor
on the center anchor will be: Forces
F,":F"+F-r+Fgr-Fgz An intermediate pipe anchor must be designed to with-
stand the force and moments imposed upon it by each of
where F.1 = Force (from data sheet) required to ex- the pipe sections attached to it. However, an intermediate
tend or compress the expaniion joint in anchor does not have to be designed to withstand the full
the larger pipe section, lb line pressure thrust, because this force is always absorbed
F- : Force (from data sheet) required to ex- by main anchors or by devices on the expansion joint.
tend or compress the expansion joint in such as limit rods, tie rods, gimbals, or hinges.
the small pipe section, lb Assuming that the weight of the pipeline and its con-
Fr1 : Frictional force (from guide manufac- tents is caffied by supports, the following calculation will
turer) due to pipe alignment guides in the determine the forces acting on an intermediate pipe an-
larger pipe section, lb chor in a pipe section containing expansion joints (see Fig-
Fez : Frictional force (from guide manufac- ure 14-13):
turer) due to pipe alignment guides in the
smaller pipe section, lb Fre : F.r * Fr1 * Fn2 * Fgz

To calculation the main anchor forces for applications where F^1
involving anchors at pipe bends and elbows (see Figure
14-10) the following calculation must be used.
In the case of an anchor located at a pipe bend or elbow,
it is necessary to consider the forces imposed by the pipe
sections on both sides of the anchor. Thus, assuming that
each section contains an expansion joint, the line thrust
due to pressure (F" : AP) and the forces F- and F", ex-
plained previously, become biaxial components and-must
be added vectorially. In addition, the effect at the elbow of
= The force (ftom the data sheet) required
to extend or compress expansion joinr
EIl shown in Figure 14-13.
Frr : The total force due to friction of all the
pipe alignment guides installed on the
pipe section to the right of the intermedi-
ate anchor in Figure 14-13.
Fno : The force required to extend or compress
expansion joint EI2 shown in Figure 14-
tJ-
--
Figure 14-13. Diagram illustrating theJorcesthat act upon an intermediate pipe anchor in a pipe section containing
expansion joints.
Fgz = The total force due to friction of all tlte
pipe alignment guides installed on the
pipe section to the left of the intermediate
anchor in Figure l4-13.
Nore: The frictional force due to pipe alignment guides
can be obtained from the manufacturer of the guides.
If the pipe is the same diameter on both sides of the in-
termediate anchor, and if the guides on both pipe sections
are similar in number and design to F,,z and Fgr, respec-
tively, but opposite in sign, F1a will be equal to zero.
However, it is possible that the pipeline may heat up grad-
ually from one end, thereby causing one of the pipe sgc-
tions to expand before the other. It is therefore considered
good practice to design the htermediate anchor to resist
the forces exerted by one of the two pipe sections (i.e.,
F1a : F*1 *Fgr).
Pipe Guides and Guiding
A pipe alignment guide is a sleeve or frame fastened to
some rigid structure that permits the pipeline to move
freely along its own axis and limits it to this type of mo-
tion. A roller support, U bolt, or pipe hanger, which orily
supports the weight ofthe pipe, cannot be substituted for a
pipe guide.
Pipe guides are required to prevent buckling ofthe pipe-
line. Buckling is caused by compressive loading on the
pipe due to the internal pressure thrust and the flexibility
of the expansion joint which causes the pipe to act like a
column with end loading.
In axial movement applications, avoid using a single
pipe-alignment guide because such a guide may act as a
fulcrum, which might impose lateral deflection or angular
rotation on the expansion joint due to movement of the
piping in a dhection other than axial.
Planar pipe guides are modified to permit limited move-
ment and/or bending of the piping in one plane. These are
Fundamentals of Expansion Joints 363
used only in applications involving lateral deflection or
angular rotation resulting from L- or Z-shaped pipe con-
figurations .
Proper alignment is very important in the installation of
all expansion joints. Expansion joints will not function
properly unless the pipeline in which they are installed is
securely anchored and guided.
Spacing of Pipe Guides
Where an expansion joint is located close to an anchor,
the first pipe guide should be located no more than four
pipe diameters ftom the moving end. The second should
be located no more than fourteen pipe diameters from the
first. The recommended spacing for intermediate guides
along the balance of the pipeline can be determined from
Figure 14-9. For any known pressure and pipe size, the
guide spacing can be determined by locating the pressure
on the scale at the bottom of Figue 14-9. Follow the pres-
sure line vertically until it intersects the diagonal line for
pipe size. From this intersection, follow across horizon-
tally to the guide spacing column (left to right) and read
the recommended spacing. For example, the recom-
mended intermediate guide spacing for a 6-in. pipeline
containing an expansion joint under a pressure of 125 psig
is 43 feet. The first guide should be no more than 24 in.
from the expansion joint, and the second pipe guide 84 in.
from the first.
Location of Expansion Joints
Wherever possible, an exparsion joint should be lo-
cated irnmediately adjacent to a pipe anchor. If it is not
possible to locate the expansion joint near a pipe anchol
pipe guides should be used on both sides of the expansion
joint ir accordance with the instructions given in the pre-
cedhg paragraphs under "Spacing of Pipe Guides."
 Piping Stress Handbook

Figure 14-10 shows the preferred practice in the use of Fixed Flanges (Type SF)
a single expansion joint (EI) to absorb axial pipeline ex-
pansion. Note the use of one expansion joint between two
main anchors (MA) , the nearness of the expansion joint to The flanges are welded directly to the bellows material
an anchor, the closeness of the fimt alignment guide (G1),
without the use of intermediate pipe nipples. In this con-
the spacing between the fint alignment guide and the sec- struction the flanges are in direct contact with the flowins
ond alignment guide (Gr), and the spacing of intermediate medium.
guides (G) along the balance of the line.
Expansion joints should not be located immediately
downstream from turbulence-pnrducing devices (such as
Fixed Flanges (Type F)
butterfly valves). plug valveJ, and su-dden increases in
pipe size, mitered elbows, etc. If it is impossible to locate The flanges are welded to pipe nipples, thereby provid-
the expansion joint an adequate distanceiway from tubu- ing greater overall length. In this construction bbth the
lence producers. the joint slould be equipped with a pipe nipple,s and flanges are in direct contact with the
heavy sleeve. Figures 14-14 and 14-15 show the informa- flowing medium.
tion required for standard and special expansion joints
specification sheets.
Combination Ends

Expansion joints can be supplied with one weld end and

one flanged end to meet installation requirements.
End Connections

The type of end connections selected depends upon the

operating conditions and the customer's re.guirements. See Covers
Figure l4-16 for illustrations. The following is a briefde-
scription of the various g?es available.
Covers protect expansion joints from mechanical dam-
age and serve as a base for insulation.
Van Stoned Flanges (Type V)

The flanges are slipped over the ends ofthe bellows and
the bellows material is flared out or "Van Stoned" over
the faces of the flanges. The \r'an Stones are roughly
equivalent to the raised faces on standard forged steel
flanges. The flanges are loose and free to rotate, thus per-
mitting easy alignment with the mating pipeline flanges.
This construction is generally used in applications in-
volving product purity or corrosion, because the only ma-
terial in contact with the flowing medium is the corrosion-
resistant bellows matefial.
Sleeves
Sleeves minimize pressure drop and also streamline the
flow of gas or fluid through an expansion joint, thereby
reducing friction losses and turbulence. They are recom-
mended for all expansion joints, except in applications
where high-viscosity fluids such as tar are involved.
Sleeves are required whenever the velocity of flow ex-
ceeds the following values:

Welding Ends (Type W)

The ends of the expansion joint are supplied with pipe

suitably beveled for welding to connecting equipment or Nominal Medium Velocity
piping. Standard joints are supplied with carbon steel Pipe Size in Pipe of trlow
weld ends. See individual data sheets for grade and type. 3 to 6 in. Steam 1,000 ft/min/in. dia
Other thicknesses, lengths, and grades of carbon steel ) 6 in. Steam 6,000 ff:/min
weld ends are available on order. Where alloy pipe is 3 to 6 in. Air 250 ft/min/in. dia
used, it may be advantageous to use weld ends that are (other gases)
shorter and thinner than carbon steel standards. Consult > 6 in. Air 1,500 fl:/min
the factory for recommendations when alloy pipe is used. (other gases)
 Fundamentals ol Exoansion Joints 365

For additional data use the sheet for supplemental information for special expansion joints.

Customer
Project Inquiry/Job No.

1. Item No.
2. Quantrty
3. Size
4. Flowing Medium+
5. Flow Velocity
6. Int. Design Pressure, psig
7. Int. Text Pressure, psig
8. Maximum Temperature, "F
9. Minimum Temperature, oF
10. Installation Temperature, oF
11. Axial compression, in.
12. Axial extension, in.
13. Lateral deflection, in.
14. Angular rotation, deg.
15. Pipe specification
16. Weld end specification
17. Flange specification
18. Type or catalog number
19. Internal sleeves
20. External covers
21. Anchor base
22. Limit rods

Use manufacturer's standard unless otherwise specified by purchaser.

23. Bellows material

24. Equalizing ring material
25. Total corrugations
26. Lenglh limitation

If flowing medium is corrosive, erosive, or viscous explain in detail.

Figure 14-14. Standard expansion joint specification sheet.

 366 Piping Stress Handbook

Customer
Project hquiry/Job No.

1. Item No.
2. External design pressure, psig
3. External test pressure, psig
4. Pipe purge, instr. connection
5. Vibration amplitude
6. Vibration frequency

Special Flange Design

7. Material
8. Facing
9. O.D.
10. I.D.
ll. Thiclness
12. B.C. diameter
13. No. holes
14. Size holes
15. Hole orientation

Design Restrictions

16. Length
17. Maximum O.D.
18. Minimum I.D.
19. Axial force
2O. LatercJ force (Shear)
21. End moment
22. Cychc design life
23. ASME Code partial
Data forms required
24. Applicable codes and
specifications

Figure 14-15. Supplemental information for special expansion joints, to be used with the standard expansion
ioint
specitication sheet.
 Fundamentals of Expansion Joints

Figure 14-16. End connections.


Aging-The term originally applied to the process or
sometimes to the effects of allowing a metal to re-
main at ordinary temperatures. H;at treatment ar
temperatures above room temperature for the pur-
pose of accelerating changes of the type that might
take place during aging at ordinary temperature is
called artificial aging. The changes taking place
during artificial aging are due to the precipitation
treatment. Aging is an approach to the attaitment of
equilibrium from an unstable condition induced by a
prior operation. The fundamental reaction involved
is generally one of precipitation, sometimes submi-
croscopic. The method employed to bring about ag-
ing consists of exposure to a favorable temperature
subsequent to (1) a relatively rapid cooling from
some elevated temperature (quench aging) or (2) a
limited degree of cold work (strain aging).
Alclad-The common name for a type of clad-wrought
aluminum product with coatings of high purity alu-
minum; or an aluminum alloy different from the
core alloy in composition.
Alloy-A metallic substance consisting of two or more
elements, of which at least one is metal, and in
which all elements are miscible in the molten state
and do not separate when solid.
Alloying elements-Chemical elements constitutins an
alloy. In steel. usually rhe elements added to mo?ify
the properties of the steel.
Annealing-A heating and controlled operation to im-
part specific desirable properties generally con-
cerned with subsequent fabrication of the alloy, such
as softness and ductility. When annealing follows
cold working for the purposes of stress removal, it is
called stress annealing.
Arc welding-Welding accomplished by using an elec-
tric arc formed between a metallic or carbon elec-
trode and the metal being welded, between two sep-
arate electrodes, or between two separate pieces
being welded (also called fusion welding).
368
15
Glossarv .,/
Austenite-A solid solution in which gamma iron is the
solvent, having a face-centered cubic crystal struc-
ture.
Austenitic steel-Steel, which due to its comoosition
has a stable structure at normal lroom) timpera-
tures; as for example: the 18-8 types. It is not hard-
ened by thermal treatrnent.
Bend test-A test commonly used to determine relativ!
ductility of a sample by bending it over a given ra-
dius and through a given angle.
BilIet-A semi-finished rolled ingot of rectangular or
nearly rectangular cross section.
Brass-A copper-base alloy in which zinc is the princi-
pal added element.
Brazing-Joining metals by fusion of nonferrous alloys
with melting points above 800"F but below the melr-
ing point of the metals being joined.
Brinell hardness-A hardness number determined br
applying a known load to the surface of the mareriil
to be tested through a hardened steel ball of known
diameter. Note: Not suitable for measurins the hard-
ness of strip and sheet because of insulfic-ient thick.
ness.
Brittleness-A tendency to fracture without appreciable
deformation.
Carbon steel-Steel in which carbon provides the prop-
erties without substantial amounts of other alloyins
elements.
Carburizing-Diffusing carbon into the surface of iron-
base alloys by heating in the presence of carbona-
ceous materials.
Case hardening-Carburizing, nitriding, or cyanidinr
and subsequent hardening by suitable heat trear-
ment, if necessary, all or part ofthe surface portion:
of a section of iron-base alloy.
Casting-Fouring molten metal into a mold or a meta.
object so produced.
Cementite-An iron-carbon compound with the chem;-
cal formula Fe3C often called iron carbide.
--
Charpy test-A pendulum-q pe impact tesr in which a metals in contact with or coupled with one aa'drc:
notched specimen, supported ar both ends as a sim-
ple beam, is broken by the impact of the falling pen-
dulum. The energy absorbed in breaking the speci-
men, as determined by the deireased rise of the
pendulum, is a measure of the impacr strength of the
metal.
Chemical analysis-Separating an allor. into its compo-
nent elements and identi! in-e them. In quantitative
analysis, the proportion of each element is deter-
mined.
Chromium-A hard crystalline metal used as an alloy-
ing element to give resistalce to heat. corrosion, and
wear and increase strength and hardenability.
Cold working-Permanent deformadon of a metal be-
low its recrystallization temperature. Also defined
as plastic deformation of a metal at a temperature
low enough to ensure strain hardening. Mechanical
properties, such as tensile strength, hardness, and
ductility, are also altered.
Compressive strength-The ability to withstand com-
pressrve stresses.
, Compressive stress-Stress caused by a compressive
load or in fibers compressed by a bending.
Cooling stresses-Stresses caused by uneven contrac-
tion, external restraint, or localized plastic deforma-
tion during cooling.
Corrosion-Gradual chemical or electrochemical attack
on a metal by atmosphere, moisture, or other ele-
ments.
Corrosion embrittlement-Embrittlement in certain al-
- loys caused by exposure to a corrosive environment.
Corrosion fatigue-Combined action of corrosion and
fatigue in which local corroded areas act as stress
concentrators, causing failure at the point of stress
concentration and exposing new metal surfaces to
corrosion. The failure is progressive and rapid.
Creep-Plastic flow of metal, usually occurring at high
temperatures, subject to stress appreciably less than
its yield strength. It progresses through first, sec-
ond, and third stages to fracture or results in stress
relaxation.
Cyaniding-A process of case hardening a ferrous alloy
by heating in a molten cyanide salt bath, thus caus-
ing the alloy to absorb carbon and nitrogen simul-
taneously. Cyaniding is usually followed by quench-
ing to produce a hard case.
Ductility-That property of metal which allows the
metal to be permanently deformed before final rup-
ture.
Elastic limit (limit of elasticity)-Maximum stress to
which a metal can be subjected without permanent
deformation at the point of stress.
Electrochemical corrosion-Localized corrosion that
results from exposure of an assembly of dissimilar
Glossary 349
or of a metal containing microscopic areas di-isr::-
lar in composition or structure. The dissimilar er:-
ments form short-circuited electrodes. The corr.--
sive medium is the electrolyte, and an electrlc
current is induced. which results in the disolution of
the electrode that has the more anodic solution po-
tential, while the other is unattacked.
Elongation-The amount of permanent extension in the
tensile test, usualll' expressed as a percentage of the
original gage lengrh. (e.g. , 25 percent in 2 inches).
It may also refer to the amount of extension at any
stage in any process which continuously elongates a
body, as in rolling.
Endurance limit-A limir of stress below which metal
will withstand stress without fracture; a specified
large number of applications of such stress.
Eutectoid steel-A carbon steel containine 0.80% car-
bon that becomes a solid solution ar anitemoerature
in the austenite temperarure range between i ,333.F
and 2,500"F.
Fatigue-The tendency of a metal to fracture under con-
ditions of repeated cyclic stressing below the ulti-
mate tensile strength but above the yield strength.
Ferrite-A solid solution in which alphas iron is the sol-
vent and having a body-cenrered iubic crystal struc-
ture.
Ferritic steel-Steel which, due to its composition, is
not hardenable by heat trearmenr. Such stainless
types as 405, 430, and 448 are essentially ferritic
steels.
Free machining-The property of steel imparted by ad-
ditions of sulphur, selenium, or phosphorus which
promote chip breakage and permit increased ma-
chining speeds. Additions of sulphur or selenium
also help to decrease friction between the chips and
the tool face.
Galling-The damaging ofone or both rnetallic surfaces
by removal of particles from localized areas during
sliding friction.
Galvanic corrosion-Corrosive action occurrins when
two dissimilar metals are in contact and arJioined
by a solution capable of conducting an electric cur-
rent, a condition which causes a flow of electric cur-
rent and corrosion of the more anodic of the f$.o
metals. (Also see Electrochemical Conosion.)
Gas welding-Welding in which heat is supplied b1' a
manually or automatically controlled torch flame of
oxyacetylene or oxyhydrogen (also called fusion
welding).
Grains-Individual crystals in metal.
Hardenability-In a ferrous alloy, the propern that de-
termines the depth and distribution of hardness il-
duced by heat treating and quenching.
 37O Piping Stress HandbooK
Hardness-Resistance to indentation by standard balls.
diamonds, etc.. under standard loais. Also, the de-
gree of cold working.
Heading-An upsetting process used to form rivet,
screw, and bolt heads in making these products from
wire or rod.
Heat treatable-Refers to an alloy that may be hardened
by heat treatment.
Heat treatment-A combination of heating and cooling
operations timed and applied to metal or alloy to
produce desired properties.
Homogenizing-A process of heat treatment at high
temperature to eliminate or decrease chemical seg-
regation by diffusion. Attainment of austenite that
has a uniform distribution of carbon.
Hooke's Law-Stress is proportional to strain in the
elastic region.
Hot forming-Working operations performed on metals
heated to temperatures above room temperature.
Hot working-Hot forming above the recrystallization
rcmperature.
Hydrogen embrittlement-A brittleness sometimes
engendered by contact with plating and pickling so-
lution acid due to absorption of hydrogen by the
metal. The embrittlement is more evident in hard-
ened parts, and can be removed by aging or heating
the steel for a prescribed period.
Hypereutectoid steels-Steels containing from 0.80%
to above 2.0% carbon.
Hypoeutectoid steels-Carbon steels containing less
than 0.80% carbon.
Impact test-A test designed to determine the energy
absorbed in fracturing a test bar at high velocity.
The usual impact test specimen is a standard size
square bar with a V or keyhole type notch. (See
Charpy test and Izod test.)
Intergranular corrosion-Corrosion that tends to local-
ize at grain boundaries, usually under conditions of
prolonged stress and certain environments, and in
association with poor heat reating or welding prac-
tice that has caused the precipitation of a more easily
attacked constituent at these boundaries.
Izod test-A pendulum-type of notched-bar impact test
in which the specimen is supported at one end as a
cantilever beam and the energy required to break off
the free end is used as a measure of impact strength.
Machinability-The rate and ease with which a metal
can be machined.
Magnetic particle testing-This method of inspection
consists in suitably magnetizing the material and ap-
plying a prepared magnetic powder which adheres
along lines of flux leakage. On properly magnetized
material, flux leakage develops along surface non-
uniformities. This method is not applicable to high
manganese or austenitic stainless steels and nonfer-
rous alloys, which are nonmagnetic.
Martensite-An unstable constituent in quenched steel,
the hardest of the transformation products of aus-
tenite.
Martensitic steel-Steel which, due to its composition,
has martensite as its chief constituent after cooling.
The hardenable stainless types are all martensite
ste€ls.
Mechanical prop€rties-Those pfoperties that reveal
the reaction, elastic or plastic, ofa material to an ap-
plied stress or that involves the relationship between
stress and strain; for example, Young's modulus,
tensile strength, fatigue limit. These properties have
often been designated as physical properties, but the
term mechanical properties is technically more ac-
curate and therefore preferred.
Modulus of rigidity-The ratio of the unit shear stress
to the unit angular strain in the elastic range.
Nitriding-A process of surface hardening in which a
ferrous alloy is heated in an atmosphere of cracked
ammonia gas or other suitable nitrogenous material
thus allowing nitrogen to diffuse into the surfaca
metal. Nitriding is conducted at temperatures below
the critical temperature range and produces surface
hardening of the metal without quenching.
Normalizing-A process in which steel is heated to a
suitable temperature above the transformation range
and is subsequently cooled in still air at room tei-
perature. This operation is used for grain refining or
to develop specified mechanical properties.
Notch sensitivity-The reduction caused in nominal
strength, impact or static, by the presence of a stress
concentration, usually expressed as the ratio of the
notched to the unnotched strength.
Permeability-Magnetic permeability is the ratio of the
magnetic induction to the intensity of the magnetiz-
ing field.
Physical properties-Those properties familiarly dis-
cussed in physics, exclusive of those described un-
der Mechanical Properties; for example, density,
electrical conductivity; coefficient for thermal ex-
pansion. The term has often been used to describe
mechanical properties, but such usage is not recom-
mended.
Pickling-Immersion in dilute acid or other suitable me-
dia for the removal of oxide scale from hot-rolled or
otherwise sealed surfaces.
Plasticity-The ability of a metal to be deformed exten-
sively without rupture.
Plating-Deposition of a thin film of a metal or alloy on
a different base metal from a solution containins
ions of the plating metal.
G
Poisson's ratio-Ratio expressing the relation of strain
normal to the applied load as a proportion of direct
strain within the elastic limit. Also relates moduli of
elasticity ard rigidity.
hecipitation hardening-Hardening of metallic alloys,
by aging, which results from the precipitation of a
constituent from a supersaturated solid solution,
usually nonferrous alloys. Also termed as harden-
ing. (See ,{grng.)
Process annealing-An annealing operation carried out
at a constant temperature just below the critical
transformation temperature (also referred to as sub-
critical annealing) .
Proof stress-In a test, stress that will cause a specified
permanent set in a material, usually 17o or less.
Proportional limit-The highest stress at which the ma-
terial still follows Hooke's Law, similar to elastic
limit.
Quenching-A process of rapid cooling from an ele-
vated temperature.
Radiography-The use of X-rays or gamma radiation to
detect internal structural defects in metal objects.
. Reduction of area-In a tensile test, the difference be-
tween the original cross-sectional area and that of
the smallest area ofthe point ofrupture. It is usually
stated as a percentage of the original area. Also
called contraction of area, it is not applicable to the
mechanical testing of sheet and strip. It is also a
measure of cold work.
Refractory metals-Metals such as tungsten, colum-
bium, tantalum, and molybdenum, which have rela-
- tively high melting temperatures.
Residual stress-Stresses locked in a metal after the
completion of nonuniform heating or cooling, work-
ing, etc. due to expansion, contraction, phase
changes, and other phenomena.
Resistance welding-A welding process in which the
work pieces are heated by the passage of an electric
current through the contact area, combined with
pressure causing joining by fusion.
Rockwell hardness test-This test consists of forcins a
cone shaped diamond or hardened steel ball int6 a
metal specimen to determine the degree of penetra-
tion and. hence. the hardness.
Rupture stress-The true stress given by dividing the
load at the moment of incipient fracture by the area
supporting that load.
Salt spray tesl-An accelerated corrosion test in which
the metal specimens are exposed to a fine mist of
salt water solution.
Scaling-Surface oxidation caused by heating in an ox-
idizing atmosphere.
Seam welding-Resistance welding that consists of a se-
ries of overlapping spots forming a continuous weld .
Glossary 37'l
Shear-Plastic deformation in which parallel planes of
metal crystals slide so as to retain their parallel rela-
tionship. Also called angular elastic strain.
Shear stress-Stress acting on a shear plane.
Solution treating-A condition of complete solubility
resulting in a single phase for compositions of two
or more alloying elements at temperatures lower
than the solids. Solid solutions may be limited in ex-
tent with respect to range of alloy composition or
can be continuous, extending throughout an alloy se-
ries.
Specific gravity-A numerical value representing rhe
weight of a given substance compared with the
weight of an equal volume of water.
Spot welding-A resistance-welding process in which
the fusion is limited to a small circular or oval area.
Stabilization-Prevention of the formation of carbides
at the grain boundaries of austenitic stainless steels.
Dimensional control of nonferrous castines.
Strain-Deformation expressed in units pe-r unit of
length produced by strain.
Strain aging-Load per unit of area.
Stress concentrator or stress raiser-Any notch,
scratch, sharp change of contour, slot groove, hole,
defect, or other discontinuity in an engineering ma-
terial that has the effect of concentratins the stresses
applied to the material or generated in-it by heating
or cooling.
Stress corrosion-Corrosive action induced and accel-
erated by the presence of stresses.
Stress rupture-A test to destruction at elevated tem-
perature, by which it is possible to determine the
stress that causes failure at a given temperature and
with the lapse of a given period of time.
Temper-A condition produced in a metal or alloy by
mechanical or thermal treatment and havins chanc-
teristic structure and mechanical propertiei.
Temper brittleness-Brittleness that results when cer-
tain steels are held within or slowly cooled throug! a
certain range of temperature below the transforma-
tion range. The brittleness is revealed by a notched-
bar impact test at room temperature or lower tem-
peratufes.
Tempering-The process of reheating quench hardened
or normalized steel lo a temperature belo*. t}le rars-
formation range and then coolhg at an) rare de-
sired. This operation is frequently called sress re-
lieving. "Drawing" is synonymous xith temperhg.
but the latter is the preferred usage.
Tensile strength-The maximum load il pou_n& ger
square inch, based on the origiml cro=.-^.e.-tibn.
which may be developed in rensile resrilg. isee a.L:o
Uhimate Strength.)
372 Piping Stress Handbook
Thermal stresses-Stresses in metal, resulting from
nonuniform temperature distribution.
Through-hardening-Thermal description of alloys
that harden completely, so the center of a hardened
section exhibits hardness similar to the surface.
Torsion-Strain created in an object by a twisting action
or the stresses created by such an action.
Toughnesl-Ability to absorb considerable energy be-
fore fracture, usually represented by the area under
a stress-strain curve and therefore involvins both
ductility and strength.
[Jltimate strength-The maximum strength or stress be-
fore complete failure or fracture occurs.
Vacuum melting-A process by which alloys are melted
rn a near pertect vacuum to prevent contamination
by atmospheric elements.
Vickers hardness test-An indentation hardness test uti-
lizing a diamond pyrarnid and useful over the entire
range of common metals.
Welding-A process of joining metals whereby partial
melting of the parent metals occurs except in the
case of pressure welding when heating is only suffi-
cient to cause recrystallization across the interface.
Yield point-The load per unit or original cross section
at which a marked increase in deformation occurs
without increase in load. In stainless and heat-resist-
ing steels, this occurs only in the martensitic and
ferritic chromium types. In the austenitic stainless
and heat-resisting steels, the yield point is the stress
corresponding to some definite and arbitrary total
deformation, permanent deformation, or slope of
the load deformation curve; this is more properly
termed the yield strength.
Yield strength-Stress corresponding to some fixed
permanent deformation such as 0.1 or 0.2% offset
from the modulus slooe.

Air-cooled heat ex changerc, 263-264
Allowable expansion stress range, 2,
8-9, 11, 13
Allowable external forces and
moments (tables), 264
Allowable internal pressure stress,
1l
Allowable loads, 257 -264
Allowable longitudinal stress, 9
Allowable momenlq 257 -264
Allowable pipe deflection, 314
Alowable pipe span, 314
Allowable resultant forces and
moments (table), 258
Allowable shear stress, 11
Allowable span, 314
Allowable stress(es), 8-11, 257 -264
range (tables), 38-111
Allowable working pressure, 177,
- 250-251
Anchor(s), 122, 345, 356, 360-363
forces and moments, 3
intermediate, 362-363
main, 360-362
Angle valves
cast steel, 307
flanged,302
ANSI/ASME Code 816.9, 120
ANSI/ASME Code B31.1 (Power
Piping), 3-6, 14, 257 , 260
allowable stress range (tables),
38-'72
ANSI/ASME Code 831.2 (Fuel Gas
Piping), 14
ANSI/ASME Code 831.3 (Chemical
Plant and ktroleum Refinery
Piping), 6-7, 14, 25'l -260
allowable stress range (tables),
73-111
ANSI/ASME Code 831.4 (Liquid
Petroleum Transportation Piping
Systems), , 9, 11, 14-15
7 73-111
ANSI/ASME Code 831.5
(Refrigeration Piping), 15
ANSI/ASME (DOT) 831.8 Code
(Gas Transmission and
Disffibution Piping), 11, 13, 15,
251
ANSI/ASME Code 831.9 (Building
Services Piping), 15
ANSI/ASME Code 831.10
(Cryogenic Piping), 16
ANSI/ASME Code B31.11 (Slurry
Piping), 16
ANSI/ASME Code for Pressure
Piping, 177
API Code 610, (steel pump force,
moment, and stress limitations),
257 -258
API Code 661 (design criteria for
air-cooled heat exchangers),
263-2&
ASME Boiler Code, 177
Barlow formula, 177
Baseplate support, 258-259
Bellows, 356
Bellville (disc) springs, 324
Bending, 123
maximum, 314
stress, 1, 260
Bends, 120, 3ll-323, 350
Boiler external piping, ,14
Bracket supports, 324
Branch connections , ll4, 253-255
Branch reinforcement, 252-256
Buckling, 356, 363
Building Services Piping Code
(ANSr/ASME 831.9), 15
Butt-welded fittings, 303
Caking,358
Centrifugal steel compressor, 262
Chemical Plant and Petroleum
Refinery Piping Code (ANSI
831 .3) , 6-7 , 14 , 257 -258
allowable stress range (tables),
Circumferential bendhg, 123
Circumferential stress, 2
Coefficients of thermal expansion
(tables),2-32
373
aa
Index
Coil springs, 324
Cold springing, 2-3, 356-358
Combination ends, 364
Compliance codes, 3- l6
Components of pipe, 299-313
clearances,357
Compressors, 262-263
Connections
branch, 114, 253-254
end,364
purging, 358
vertical exhaust, 260-261
Cons^TLlt sprjng supports. 327,
load table, 338-341
Corrosion,359
Covers, of expansion joints, 364
Creep, 2, 177
Cryogenic hargers, 327 , 345, 349
Cryogenic Piping Code
(ANSr/ASME 831.10), 16
Cycle life expectancy, 2, 358-359
Cylindrical vessels, 122- 176
Deflection, 324, 329
lirnits of, 314-315
Design criteria
air-cooled heat exchansers.
263-264
compressors, 262-263
pipe suPports, 324-350
pumps,257-259
turbine drivers, 260-262
Design factor F, 13
Direct longitudinal sness. I
Direct shear stress, 2
Disc (Bellville) springs. 3?4
Discharge nozzles. 257 -259
Distortion energy (von Mis€sl
theory, 2
DOT Code B31.8. ll.
13. 15. 51
Double expansion joim- 15l-351
Dummy legs, 324
Elbows, 112, 118-lll
Electric generadng pla s. l-t
374 Piping Stress Handbook

End connections, 364 i factor (table), 120 loops, 351

Ends, 121, 364 Industrial plants, 14 materials, properties (tables), 33
Erosion,359 Insulated anchors, 345 properties (table), 292 -298
Expansion devices, 351 Insulated pipe supports, 348-350 spans,314-320
Expansion forces, (tables), 278-290 Insulation of pipe, 299-300 rypes of, 325-329
Expansion joints, 351-367 Intermediate pipe anchor, 362-363 stress, l-2, 5-7
anchors,356 Internal sleeve, 358 compliance codes, 3-16
application, 360-363 simplified solutions (tables),
cold springing, 356 Joint movements, 351 265-291
corrosion, 359
cycle life expectancy, 358-359 k factor (table), 120, 327
't2
specified rninimum yield strength,

end connections, 364-367 supports. See a/so Supports.

erosion,359 Load adjustment, 327 tor cryogenic service, 329, 345
forces and moments, 356 Loading, sustained external, 3 design and selection, 324-350
guides, 356, 363-364 Loads,257-2&, 326,357 flexible, 324, 356
precompression, 360 Leaf springs, 324 insulated, 348-350
thermal expansion calculations, Liquid ktroleum Transportation nsid, 324
359-360 Piping Systems Code Piping
types,351-355 (ANSUASME 831.4), 7-1r restrained, 11
Expansions,
- offset lensths reouired Longitudinal joint factor t, 13 three-dimension, 2
(tables), 266-267' Longitudinal stress, 1-3, 5,7,9, tl, two-anchor, 3
Expansion stresses, 2-3, 6, 13 13 unrestrained,9
range, 8-9, 11 Piping codes, 3-16
External mechanical forces, 258 Machining, 112 Piping wind loads, 320-323
External pressure, 5 Main pipe anchors, 360-362 (tzble),324-325
Maximum allowed wall thickness, 6 Planar piDe euide. 356. 363
Maximum allowable resultant forces POWER,FOAMTM, 345-347
Factors, k, h, i (table), 120 and moments, 258 Fower Piping Code (ANSI/ASME -
Flanged elbows, 118 Maximum bending, 314 831.1), 3-6, 14, 257 , 260
Flanged valves, weight of (tables) Maximum def lection, 324 Precompression, 356, 360
angle,302 Maximum radius, 112 Pressure
check (swing), 301 Maximum shear (Tresca) theory, 2 external, 5
gate,300 Mechanical forces, 258-259 working, 176, 250-251
globe,30l Minimum radius, 112 Pressure-balance expansion, 354
Flanges Minimum thickness, 177 Pressure design, 5
fixed, 364 Miter(s) Pressure stress, 6-7, 11
forged steel, 303-305 bends, 120 rutios, 177 , 250-256
weight (tabl€), 302 elbows, 120-121 (tables), 178-249
Flexibility, 122 spactng, 112, 120-121 Prestressing,3
Flexibility factors, 1 12 welding,308-309 Pumps, 256-258
flanged elbows, 118- 119 "Modified lame" formula, 177 Purging connections, 358
miter elbows, 120-121 Modulus of elasticity (table), 33,257
Flexible piping, 351 Moments. See Forces and moments
Flexible support, 324
Force reduction, 356 Nominal wall thickness, 11, 111, Radial flexibility, 122
Forces and moments,3, 122, 177 Radial stress, 2
257,26/.,356,358 Nozzles, 122-123 Refrigeration Piping Code
Fuel Gas Piping Code (ANSI/ASME flexibilities, 122- 176 (ANSr/ASME 831.5), 15
83r.2), 14 loadings (table), 257 Reinforcement area, 253, 255
snction, 257 -259 Reinforcement zone, 255
Required area for branch
Gas Transmission and Distribution Occasional longitudinal stress, 6 connections,253
Piping Code (ANSI/ASME Offset lengths required (tables), Required yield strength, 350-351
(DOT) 831.8), 11- 15, 2s1 266-267 Restrained piping, 1l
Gimbals, 355, 358 Oil piping, 14 Resultant applied forces and
Globe valves, 307 moments, 258
Guides, 356, 363 Pedestal support, 258-259 Resultant bending stress, 6-7
Pipe(s) Resultant shear force, 259
Hangers, 324, 327, 345, 349 anchors, 356, 360-363 Right angle nozzles, 253
Heat exchangers, 263-264 bends,311-323,351 Rigid ends, 122
Heating plants, 14 components, 299 -313, 357 Rigid hanger, 324
h factor (table), 120 deflection, 314 Rigid support, 324
Hinged expansion joint, 355, 358 guides,356,363 Rotational nozzle flexibilities
Hot \pater piping, 14 insulation, 299-300 (tzbles), 122-176

---r
Saturated sream. properties
(tables). 3-l-36 -
Self sprineins. l )usralned-pIus_thermal expansion
Shaft displaciment . 258-259
Shape factors. 321
Shoe suppon. 3!-1
Shear striss- l
Single expansion ioint, 351
Sleeve.356.358,364
Slurry Piping Code (ANSt/ASME
831.11). t6
Spans, allouable, 313. See also ptpe
sPans.
Specified rninimum yield stren eth
(SMYS.,, 9, ll
Spring rate of nozzles, 122
spnng suppons, 324_341
Stabiliry,356
Standard hangers, 327
standard terms, 3_4
Stress(es). .te€ aho piDe stress.
allowable. 8-l l. 38--l I t, 257_264
deadload, 314
intensificarion factors, l. I12.
I L4-121
limits,314-315
pressure/stress r atios,
prtmary, 2
range, 2
shear, ll
Structuraj supports, 325
suctron nozzles, 257_259
Supports. 324-325, 327, 342. 356.
Slee a/so Pip€(s) supports.
baseplare. 258-259 -'
pedasral, 258-259
{d
Index {Is
of Support load, 345
Sustained longitudinal stress. 5 rtical exhaust connecrion. 160_16 l
Ve.
vrbratron control, 342_ J4.t
Von Mises (distortion energr r l.betrr-
stress, 6
Sway brace support, 327. 342 2-'
Swing check v-aives, 30g-
Temperature derating factor
terms, standard. 3_4
f, l.] Wall thickness pressure stress, 7. 251
Thermaf expansion, 2-3, wall thlckness
5-6. 324, maxrmum allowable. 6
359-360
nominal, l l, l12,
_.coefficienrs of (tabtes), 2_32
177
r nerma movements, 351 required, 177
Three-dimension pipine. 2 Weather,35l
Three-weld-miter elbo;s. 12 I Wedge gate valves. 306
tte roos, JJ6 Weld elbows, l12
Torsional stress, 2 Weld-end valves (tables)
Travel stops, 327 angle,302
Tresca (miximum shear) theory, 2 check (swing), 301
rwo-anchor Ptplng systems, 3 gate,300
turbines,260-267 globe,301
Thrbulence-producing device, 364 Welding ends, 363
Weld joint factor E, l0
Wind loads, 320-321
Uni{orm Building Code, J2l (table),322-323
unrtorm wind loads, 323 Wind pressure, 320
lj 7 _256 U.S.A. Standard Buildins Code Working stress, 172
R^equirements for Deiign Loads.
Universal expansion joint, 352_J54
unrestratned ptplng, g y values (tables), 177_250
y : Q Garlowy, 178-195, 250
y= U.4 (modified lame).
196_214,250
Van Stoned flanges. 3&
y = 0.5 (average diameter).
Variable spring iupports, 324_327
2t4_231, t50
load tabte, 328
y : 0.7 (creep), 232_250