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11

Miclmrill n. Vall I)Ulsen;'Pol~ti'rnl :lnll1:graltkln II~MI 'Regioruali:sm m. Syrfla.', 1'he Mk1dl!1il t:8iS'~ Joumm:l,. VuL 26, Nu. 2, Sptil~g~1972,. pp,12J" 125-6.

<1).i 1:0; Mf~she Ma'oz; 'SfI!Cit:!ty alild SI<1It.c in ~lodem SYl'ill',in i\le-mlh em ~nlsfm (ed . .). Soc,i:ery amd Pelitieal SlniOl'iiii"~h~. the: AI,'aD Wo~kI (NI.r~"'· York, ~973)"P.ltl' 29-91;. MQshi!.l M8ioz, 'AUG1'11~ts 31 Cl'eaIU!,g a Polirieal O . .1f.l1iJnlJJ:.l:lity IL!l Modern Syr~ai, TIme Mtud]e East JOOrt~]. V1!)t 26, No.4,

A'~lui111~1 ~191f2~. pp.389-4!04.

:23

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28

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A ~a~cllairrVry~dailie. 'The Sy!'ia~rol it!] ("jlliE]ile,II%6~~ 976: A Spilha.~al!ld Soeial A !KlIys~s'. MidcJle Ea$~:ern S~udie'l. Vol H, No. l, Jmu!lo1:ry 1981,.pp, 3~]Q.

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.Jllil "Jl..S, R"'ymo!l~ A. Hi!l~e~bwj~h, 'LocalP:()Ji~k.<:; in Syria: Olganiz..!'Ilion and il'olobi'~:Ul"''lli()n 'in FQurViHage Cases', The MJddl e Em.ti Journal. \1'0:11. 311. No .. 1 ,Wjln~ie.rr .1.976. pp, 1-2.4.,

R<1IYilmlH~ A, .HIlim~e:ll)Usch. Jr: EhN;I'o.'I3:liSUulkflge:The .Ro;l!e- (if the Mlfiss Or~lIi:l'~1t~,ons ~J~ I.~~e S:,plam Ppli~i~1 :Sy~:em (n_~.> n.d_)~ Rayl'n.oM A .. HInfi(\bl!l$cli. Pea~firt and! Bm'e,\tl!:l.C'.t~oy III B1l!r~hiiisj SY!!ija:ThePornitica[EC(lnt)'JJ!l)' ofR.u[::d Devel!opmerr~. (San Fraasiseo, [9'89).

~j.i.'H} Talal .. AI!;~.~:i,. me Syrisclili1t1 K,iisten,~>ibilltc, EI.'Il.e MmleUtl~t{lti.mthiUng ZiI1r .R(.,£;iollla!pl[jrlu.llg '1[1 de~ h,t.wicl:lulllgs:~'i.n.d.em (Berlin, 1968), p,p_ 68-84;

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,~ 0.0 ;),_.1L.. ~r!J .~j ·~W!;i J!ii.. .;;j!li ~l u.-·{iJ4} ,J::>!' u-- Jjlll'l ,,)~, '4.~ .,rJ,:", ~ ]o~ .fl:W,Q;~1 ~j, .... J.;l~~l' ,~!~ t- ~{e; .... _ll.,)~ 41)~~1 Yih;'\';~js:.,_;_~1 .J,b\kl! ...... $'1 in .~:p ~ d'~ i;},S,u.; ..... ' 4J1..J1, ~.)o j ..fo.1I1.;, ~ ,~ ,_;, • ~l ,~ ~, "':"'l.5 i...:s:. ~J,...il ~l i jll.5. ~DI.p ~.:! t.~1 "'~. 1 j) u:];~'::;"!!il.1~, j ..::,.J ~1'i pi ~J ;,)0;0 .~ !.i,.a::. 36 'iJl,~~'1 .:;.. .::.:,.1" rj:#' ~.j (.~"""'" ,::;. ';:"'~J'J ~:u~ 0--. ~~ 0U";l:""'~.:.:1 w..,J)&:~ r:J£L..:i.,k~ .1%3 ,,;~~~, rJI.)""~ ~i ,.:.i:::U:il.~ ,;&. ~ ~J&......1\ ~~l ~! .j. ~).Jl .l.J.,..:.Jl ~,~,;,i" ~ .f...-l'I • .J...il! Jt;,... .• ':',' ,ll.:.i! .. ,L ~ 11 "f...l! ,'~~I :1'...J~ .~ ~.::J! .::......Jl..,..!u...,~ G .<.-11 ....;;,wl _j,~.

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1(2Ui Ibbinovicn. SynRlIndier the Ba'lh 1963-tiG\ iPp. ~t2. 3J; Vall [)usen.lntJra-alll.d n~te:r-('Tmer.uionlll CmltlJi C! Illil Ih~ Syril('ll'l, Am~I:y, PI), 375 -414).

58

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0J~ ~ ~ 0-' 4,;;1,}'"'" ~~, '~~,~~ ,,J;:t;.,1959' ;~ '.."1<'.\;;' ~! ~I ~! ,~IJ,a1\ '~.;i.iJ! t1 1,1 0'~W j' ~'11 l:.:Ib'J' ~ t~.:J:)1.)"I'> ~ r J 0H~. ~,.~ .,:,..10\,;...:1. .~. ,..:., 0-< ,.l,1i! ..) ,~,~ .~ ''';~i:i. t~:~§,~, ~t i~ IS .J...:l& ~1 l..fo ~~I ~l ~lj> l....ft..j • ~I .:....:,.lr!l~'~i ,:";l.P' ¥ LoA J :ff .'oll' ..!;.!t..~ (~Ir} 1~ ,);',9 Uo .~ C~, ,(~) ;;,.:JI ~ J~ .::.=......, '~" ~~I .y, '~_·,,&S s ~ ,~; (j# ~jl~1.S,;;,~'_''''' ~,~, ~L ~ ~li)1 ,.".J..l:i.k,. ~;, ~ ~ !J~' ~~1.';JJ\) t..l~,_,i1! ;,)"*l.....~.,+;~~) .u..!.J!!r'1..... 0-> J!':'" 0~J' (1939' f~~';",l,;.. '-+..J rj,':';.;r;..J1 J ':''l1-~)iL~!.,1 ~.)' ~,bl~ ~ WJ' Jj.>ll1 ~ :)a u\lJ.fl!.J .(~b)l",4!'\.J=' ,;:;.. »oil ~~rj ("b) ~;:l':_!.~J ;)o~.~i I"';ljSjl * W,.:!, """~".. .l.o;:o\.~ > ~Wi ~'J ~)l <J'""Y' r:J':J jl.).~, ()o"''':JUr ~ ~,;i1 .:Jo< ~J .~ .J.<.:Io.J ~ ,0<~I ~"'.~.~ ,.t. .. 'i r:J5J! 'J.:.,wi t4,; ~~. ~J ~r 0'" ~\.'jI ~.~.,~'Wl:)?<j !~.,,~. 0-- @I" 0--, ~ j~ b.~ ~ ""'1M 4'~ (':!fl' ¥.J ~ I:.::t-. 1.1to i, ... ~ w~ .j~J~JP J . .,J! ~!

';""~~JJ~~I J.>'lfo ~5 WlI" ... ~.,:;.~~~~, ,:oJ ,~~.:l"" ~1 .:i~.~, ~I.~i C1L:...i"j:i~,~ ,~ ~ $W1 ~~I ~UJi u.., ~ = 'vl~.J1 ~~'I ~, .u-bi';1 ';';;4' ,,,,, ,~,lI ;~~lJ,~ l!~~_j

:fo~~~ij~:l' Wi'~1 ~I J,j""- ,~1i21 ~, ,~j.J, • ~~ ~I .~ Jw.~\ ~k.., A" ~"".iJiI ~~l .Jlj) , ~'" fl9 d I': ,~, "~,;,flli, ,J ~'~'U\~;H'. !1966 (JJl.;1) ."k"e,...16 .,~1 .. _j1 r294 -215 ,(..:!"'i' dl995 .~ ,1('5" ~1~i),~~1,~1 &!J!I ~ ~g5 ~.~I;~¥\ w'l... !8!

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B~It.d~!" HlI!mu" The QId Social CIM$!$ and the- Revol ~tl~(Ynlli~l!' MQvl:!H!mis. of Iraq, A Saud}, of nf!(I~ (Nd b!mded '1i!~,d O)!i1!1IIl,~~'(:ial Classes :};1il(l (,f i~!l, O)!iill!1mH~listS. Bl)·this,t~ ';lIL~drree Of1iice,rs, :P,rlll!OO'tlclnJ,197S\. pp.14+201_

Be[,MII,:;j1 V.erni,er, AImee et Poh,luqrre all MO}'e.l'I, O]'[en~ (Pa:I'~:s, ~,966 }" p. ~ 'ii4; Bernard Ve<..l'.ni(?t, ',Le ~,\olle pol iti ~LI~: de I'.mmec en Syric". lP()'~illiQule lEtra~lgere, Yom, :29, 1 %5, ~~_ 4M~ Vain Dusen,

Polilica] J f!te!tm~i'O:ll~!1dl .R.egi,OM]li,~ln in Syria,p. ~ JZ; Illtrll~ a~ld InilerGen,er.Hi<l!l a] O:mHiic! illl

the SYiliiml Army,p., 336-~O. 409; Vdlil. Dam, 'ThG Stf'tlgJ!l]e for :Ptlwerr in SYliia .rundl.l1le; Oll.'th. r~rty ( ~. 9.58:- ~ 966)", p, 10;. Vam JI).nm. '0$ lki'thip..artij in SY~ll~ (~958;-] %6)', [nll~mation!llie Spect.'l:I:o,r., X::<:V 20, 22 Nov~m~1b« .1~71,p, .1:892_ tv[3Icinty.r~, 1'h6 )\iil).ID B1I''I111 SOOiili~L$t Party., pp, 202,248.. ~ !..k! •• ;;,,~jrJl .~:foi:! ,~ .~ ........ " .;;,~ ~.~!, 1.l~1 ~ ['""'1 ~.' ~~L~I .> ~~ ~, r~"

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tU2 W"'" .~I"",_:"".'.;JLJI' E.Lb uj.i .~\ Biegel, Mit:tdefheden in het Midd~el!i.-()o~tet!l> pp, 226, 227; Rab;.Il.Qvich, Syria IJ.iffilderUJe Ba'(h 196:3-66. PI, 25.

M1)~ill!~J!rc, The' Arab Ba'th Soci.ali5,t Party. p_ 14:9_

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Van lJ}-olm, De Rol VII!"! Sekmi!li~me) Reil;i~;m'ahs;me en Tlu~lmli:..m,e;, pp. 62-8:~ .

(j~) ~~ Ul ;ll:~ ~~u......iil H963 ~j:L~ :~~ .2:9 ,,9 ~.)'~1!196:3 -(JF) J&j:! ~S;.)~:W ._;.t.;\ ip970 ,~~} .,. ~ ,)':i~1 G:JclI:.. w.o,.~ ,J#'. i(]9G9,,~) ~I'! ~'l~1 J._JL.~ ~ r~,96J ~~~":l~llh ... '" • ."..~I ~ ~ ~(1969'~'_,_M!)I~:'j.Jl ~, d~i ,~, ~I :Jl!'~, 'r.;f"._r..1ii~ ;J_>!i,

• (1%6 ,;;.;:. J.E'!~I ~jyaJ.l ~"\! I .~ ,j ~.J,.~I

63

,~Jl' !.jy..g~I' ~:y~y~ ~~)rJ'~_,s.......J~ ~~J.ll ~fJ ~ ~ :tlkiJ1 ~,tl~! !~ I~_,,-S_·r, IJ~c)~__';'; ~ ~jS!y>~.~ ~ ~~ml i»'~W~t.. .1963 (J~) j:!5.~18 . .; .la~".ii·~J :D':'t.;tl~ ~ ,<c}o!lllll·;-f!J.W;I }~;~, Ji. ~~ ~"J.J' ~ ~jl.y..... ~~ ,.)iI¢1 19 ~J~ ,~_,J~ ,~.>i! .lt1)j ...,_jc' ".e ~ ~ . .J.-J y_;.:..l~ dM\, ::i:..1....J~ ~~_,JJ,' J,i.:lj,

::.k·~~cn~~, ~, (#.~ .($"~Jt'jJll L,.·"lS;.Jl ~i ~j 196.5 pJ:n ,~~)

,..,J.;..:yt,.\i} '<n~ F.:il r:.r ~I .:i .wI ~~ ,.;:Jd~I'::'~" )11 ;;;.0 c-01;!ii! . .;. ~~! '.);'i~'40.,

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di~,~ ~"iL'JJi .. jl ~,.::.JI6,_, r-J~ijllo ~~.:JI <y!~i ~.,~1 ~.J' J.i Y ~jW':'J1 u...~ '1' U:!., ,11&1(1 ... 1.11 ~~ ~"lH t-' ~ '.,,;Ij:o..l4 ~~)ii! I~ ~ ~ \.%r,l~ ~, ?ti .)li iJI'*''r:J'i :)}.! <.::.!1.Wi, J,; IS ~ 1:.....La.J ~'~ ~t.....:.lij' t4-")!'~&~j! 4lJl dl:J'~1 ~,"l_;i.;t,U r)o ~jL-",~, .Kj,. ~ l. rJ"~ df.~l~ I..,! ~;)ti .e;:.,..":il ~i ~ &G.)< ,)iSi,)! ,;;,:;..1 ~,.:...lI ~ ~ ..... '")11, ~~ ~.1 .)_,4 'I~j J • ....:I. ,~~ 1 ~ j" .">l.~ '~.~'J ....... , .~~ ~9 ~,j".Jl Q~II~~ ,.&.:, C>- ,;Si, ~ ~,~\..lii ...:;\ ""~ -"... ""'I'j0.la ~i, .;:::;\:1: .r ig:l:l J~.Po!! ~1 J::i. u.- .f- .:Ii I~ ; ~l;nli ~l -¥:iJ;ji i,fi ~, J!! ~ ..,j cl Qo.,Jl~ ~., ~~ :,Fj..J1 ~.~l _;A.~;u lj~l ~iJ.'~1Y J~~')n J! ~'~I .. J1 ~f .. ,;,,"li ~i_)" ~ .Jj.,."! ~'!S. .::l11;~ i~I' ~,j;.l; ..:....~.J#I .;;.. ..... 1,~I •. ~ 6,~ ,';I~.j.;J1 ~,~i.J .:;,ji,lji ~l ,ClJ~'; t.r,...'wo.;l ~. ,r'J!~~!.l.:! ..j~W\ i,).JilI Uj'.;lio ~ 'i.el~! ~ ~.~" ,,~b:,"i

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