A 17-year-old girl presented with generalized swelling and

for 3 months. Her renal biopsy results were consistent

with minimal change disease. Laboratory tests revealed
hypoalbuminaemia and hyperfibrinogenaemia,
hyperlipidaemia. Urinalysis showed proteinuria.
1. Discuss how these clinical manifestations occur in this
patient.
2. State the complications if she is untreated. Justify
your answer.
True/False Question. Justify your answer

In pre renal azotemia there is

A. Decline in glomerular filtration
B. Intact tubular function

Pre renal azotemia could result from

A. Decrease in circulating blood volume
B. Decrease in renal blood flow

The examples of pre renal azotemia are

A. Septic shock
B. Acute glomerulonephritis

Acute tubular necrosis

A. Deterioration of glomerular function
B. Deterioration of tubular function
Acute tubular necrosis can be the result of
A. Decrease in circulating blood volume
B. Exogenous Toxins

Loss of renal regulatory function of volume of

body fluids could result in
A. Edema
B. Hypertension

Loss of renal regulatory function of

Composition of body fluids could result in
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Metabolic acidosis
C. Hyperphosphatemia
Loss of excretory ability is expressed by
A. Rising BUN
B. Rising Creatinine

Rate of rise in BUN and Creatinine reflects

A. Degree of impairment of excretory renal function
B. Rates of generation of BUN and Creatinine
Presence of red cells in urine should raise suspicion of
disease of
A. Glomeruli
B. Tubules
C. Ureters
D. Bladder

Presence of red cell casts in urine should raise

suspicion of disease of
A. Glomeruli
B. Tubules
C. Ureters
D. Bladder
Patients with ATN can have
A. Oliguria
B. Polyurea

Bleeding complication in chronic renal failure

is due to
A. Increased platelets
B. Decreased platelets
C. Functionally abnormal platelets