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Quince casas americanas de
Marcel Breuer (1938-1965).
La refundacién del universo doméstico
como propdsito experimental
Fifteen American Houses by Marcel
Breuer (1938-1965).
The Refounding of the Domestic
Universe on Experimental Grounds
Antonio Armesto
ou
Marcel Brouer emigré a Estados Unidos en 1927, nstalin
dose en Cambridge, Massachusetts, Al se asoci6 con Walter
Gropus, al tiempo que ambos ejerclan como profesores en
Harvard, Trabajé con Gropius hasta 1941 y abandon6 Harvard
en 1946, afo en que se trasladé a Nueva York, donde
permanecié hasta el inal de su vida, Desde Pécs, su cluded
natal, en Hungrie, Breuer habia emprendido, alos 18 fos de
|Uike to think of the most iwxurious house | have bult as an
‘experiment to find solutions applicable for general use
Marcel Breuer, Sun end Shadow, p. 11
‘Marcel Breuer emigrated tothe United Statesin 1937 and
settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He associated himself
with Walter Gropius there and they were both giving classes at
Harvard. He worked wth Gropius until 1941 and left Harvard in
1946, the year he moved to New York, where he would remain
Uuntl the end offs if. At the age of 18, Breuer would leave
Pees, tis bithlace in Hungary, and begin an odyssey which
would find him living in Vienna, Weimar, Pars, Dessau, Bern,
Budapest, Zurich and London, before crossing the Atatic, He
remained 35 years in rope and 44 in America. He bulthis Fst
chair atthe Bauhaus in 1921 and he rtrd in 1976, or heath
reasons, He was actve, then, for mast six decades.
In the recenty founded Bauhaus in Weimar, he lived closely
together with ertsts and craftsmen in an autodidactic, choral
‘atmosphere, He left the Bauhaus in Dessau in 1928, at age
26 (after 4 years as a Young Master inthe Furniture Labora
tory), and opened his first ofice in Bertin. By this tne he hac
already earned an extreordinary reputation as a designer of
furriture and interior,
Between the year he arrived in America and the 1956 publica
tion of Marcel Breuer: Sun & Shadow. The Phiosophy ofan Ar
chitect (a book which summarized tis architectural work and
thought) ne had already attained celebrity from the many single
family houses he had bul. As early as 1948 he had received
recognition through a show dedicated to him at the MoMA.
Inthe mid-1950s, however, he was very involved in the big
international projects ofthe UNESCO Bulding in Paris (1953-
1958; the De Bijenkort department stores in Rotterdam
(1953-1957); St. John’s Benedictine Abbey and University in
Minnesota (1953-1961); the United States Embassy in The
Hague (1954-1958); Hunter College inte Bronx (1955:1959),
New York University (1956-1961), etc. These monumental
Projects represent only 2 small part of his work up until his,
reticement in 1976,edad, un perilo que le Bevaria a residr en Viena, Weimar,
Paris, Dessau, Berin, Budapest, 2irich y Londres, antes de
cruzar el Antico, En Europe permanecié 35 aos y en Amért
2 44, Constry6 su primera sila enla Bauhaus en 1921 y se
retird dela protesion, por motvos de salud, en 1976. Por lo
tanto, esto en activo durante casi seis décadas.
En la recién fundada Bauhaus de Weimar convvé estrech-
mente con artistas y artesanos, en un ambiente de auto-