INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHILAI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGG AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

DEVICE AND CIRCUIT LAB
EXPERIMENT NO.-4

TITLE: Mathematical operation with Op amps.

OBJECTIVE: To Realize and Study: Summing amplifier, differential amplifier, log and antilog
amplifiers, integrator and differentiator.

APPARATUS AND COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Resisters
2. Capacitor s
3. Op Amps
4. Function Generators
5. DC Power Supply
6. CRO and CRP Probes
7. Bread Board

BASIC THEORY:
1. SUMMING AMPLIFIER: This is one of the liner applications of the Op-Amp. A circuit whose
output is the sum of several input signals is called a summer. Shown in Fig.1 is an inverting
summer. The output is

When Rf = R1 =R2, then V0 = - (V1+V2). That is, the output of an inverted sum of the inputs.

2. DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER: The differential amplifiers amplify the difference between two
voltages making this type of operational amplifier circuit a Subtractor unlike a summing
amplifier which adds or sums together the input voltages. This type of operational
amplifier circuit is commonly known as a Differential Amplifier configuration. Fig. 2
represents differential amplifier connection, where,

V0=(V2-V1)
3. INTEGRATING AMPLIFIER: I The circuit is given in Fig. 3. It is basically a low pass RC filter
circuit. It can work as an integrator when time constant is very large. This requires very
large values of Rf and Cf. For that case, find out the mathematical expression for the output
of the given circuit and see if it gives an integrating action

4. DIFFERENTIATING AMPLIFIER: It is basically a high pass RC filter. It becomes a

differentiator at low values of time constant. For that case, find out the mathematical
expression for the output of the given circuit and see if it gives an differentiating action.
Also note that the output is not only the derivative of the input but also out of phase by
180o with respect to the input.

5. LOG-ANTILOG AMPLIFIERS: Log amplifier are widely used for analog signal compression
applications. When a diode used in the feedback loop of an operational amplifier is
forward biased by a constant current of magnitude vi/R, then it develops a potential

Across the diode. Note that the input voltage and diode voltage are related in a logarithmic
fashion. If we take the diode voltage as an output voltage then the input and output will be
related in a logarithmic fashion. The base emitter junction of a bipolar junction transistor
can be used as diode when collector and base are shorted. So, a transistor can also be used
in the feedback loop of an op-amp. Antilog is inverse operation of log operation so; antilog
amplifiers can be designed by reversing the arrangement of diodes and resistors in the log
amplifiers. It is important to note that a single polarity of current can only forward bias the
diode. That means the log operation or antilog operation is single quadrant

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-
(1) ADDER
(2) SUBTRACTOR

(3) INTEGRATOR

(4) DIFFERENTIATOR

(5) LOG AMPLIFIER

 (6) ANTI-LOG AMPLIFIER

EXPERIMENTATION PROCEDURE AND REPORT:

(1) SUMMING AMPLIFIER
Follow the circuit for the summing configuration as shown in the circuit diagram. And realize
following two algebraic equations (modify the circuit and choose the circuit component as
necessary)
a) Vo1 = V1 + V2

b) Vo2 = V1 + 4.7 V2 + 3.3 V3

Measure the output voltages Vo from for different V1 V2, V3, as given below.

Serial No V1 (volt) V2 (volt) V3 (volt) V01 (volt) V02 (volt)

1 1 1 1
2 2 0.5 0.5
3 1 0.2 0.8
4 2 2 2

(2) DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER

1. Connect the circuit for the subtractor configuration as shown in the circuit diagram and
realize following two algebraic equations (modify the circuit and choose the circuit
component as necessary)
 a) Vo3 = V1 - V2

b) Vo4 = 3.3 V1 - 4.7 V2

Measure the output voltages Vo from for different V1 V2, as given below.

Serial No V1 (volt) V2 (volt) V03 (volt) V04 (volt)

1 2 1
2 2 0.5
3 2 2

Deduce the differentiator expression in the report.

(3) INTEGRATOR:
Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram and apply a square wave of 10 ms time
period, 2 V p-p. Observe and report the integrator output in your report. Also, choose
appropriate R, C values for this square wave. Justify your choice in the report.
Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram and apply a sine wave of 10 kHz frequency
and 2 V p-p. Observe and report the integrator output in your report. Also, choose appropriate
R, C values for this square wave. Justify your choice in the report.
Find gain in each case.

(4) DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER:

Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram and apply a square wave of 10 ms time
period, 2 V p-p. Observe and report the integrator output in your report. Also, choose
appropriate R, C values for this square wave. Justify your choice in the report.
Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram and apply a sine wave of 10 kHz frequency
and 2 V p-p. Observe and report the integrator output in your report. Also, choose appropriate
R, C values for this square wave. Justify your choice in the report.

(5) LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER

1. Set the supply voltage at +12V.
2. Set the input voltage to 1V.
3. See the voltage across the diode.
4. Increase the input voltage in the step of 1V up to 20V.
5. Plot the characteristics of input voltage and output voltage.
(6) LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER
1. Set the input voltage to 100mV.
2. See the voltage across the Resistor. Note the negative sign.
3. Increase the input voltage in the step of 50mV up to 500mV.
4. Plot the characteristics of input voltage and output voltage.
Study: Logarithmic and Antilogarithmic Amplifier