Structure

A. subjects,verbs and objects

1. The skin...................body,s heaviest organ ( need verb/tobe)

a. of the human
b. of humanity
c. on a human’s
d. is the human
2. ................... of the space shuttle Columbia began on April 12, 1981. ( need subject )
a. the flight was first
b. the first flight
c. for the fisrt flight
d. on the first flight to be
3. the ancestor of.............lived on land (need object)
a. once whales and dholphins were
b.whales and dolphins once
c. whales and dolphins were once
d. from whales and dolphins once

B. Present and past participle

4. Air blowing over a fairly warm sea.................... with moisture. ( air need a verb, blowing is
present participle as an adj)
a. the quick saturation
b. quickly becomes saturated
c. it becomes saturated quickly
d. to saturate it quickly
5. a church built in the Gothic Style.................pointed arches. (church need verb, built is a past
participle as an adj)
a. often has
b. often having
c. to have often
d. it often has
6. the rings ......................are made of billions of chunks of ice. ( need a present participle as
an adj can follow the subject)
a. they circle Satum
b. are circling Satum
c. circle Satum
d. circling Satum
7. the largest volcano ................... in the solar system is Olympus Mons, on Mars. (need past
participle as an adj)
a. found
b. it is found
c. is found
d. finds
8. ..................is the scientific definition of work. ( need a subject, a present participle as an adj)
a. a force moves an object
b. for the moving force of an object
c. a force moving an object
d. a force is moving an object
9......................as money were certain kinds of cowries. ( need a subject, a past participle as an
adj)
a. the shells were most widely used
b. because of the wide use of shells
c. the shells most widely used
d. they used shells widely
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C. Coordinate and Adverb Clauses

10. .............not as bright as Venus, but it shines all night long. (incomplete main clause “not
as bright” need a subject and verb , and complete main course “it shines”, coordinate
connector “but”.)
a. Jupiter
b. Jupiter is
c. Jupiter being
d. On Jupiter
11. ...................when light is blocked. ( the sentence needs a main clause, with a subject and
verb, to be complete)
a. Shadows form
b. The form of shadows
c. shadows forming
d. within the form of shadows
12. Alexander graham bell.......................deaf pupils in Boston in 1871, and he started work
on the telephone three years later. ( the incomplete main clause needs a verb to be
complete, coordinate connector “and”.)
a. he began teaching
b. a begining teacher
c. teaching begining
d. began teaching
13. ...................have long life spans, many trees do not. (the adverb clause “have” needs a
connector “ “though” and a subject “trees”)
a. some trees
b. some are trees
c. though some trees
d. though some trees
14. Gold can be found loose in nuggets,................................ can be trapped within veins of
rock. ( needs a coordinate connector “ or” and subject “ it”)
a. or it
b. it
c. its
d. or its
15. Eaglets are teded..........................they are 12 weeks old. (an incomplete adverb clause
“they are” needs a connector “until”)
a. by both parents until
b. by both parents
c. both parents are
d. both parents

D. Noun Clause

16. Fossils demonstrate................from land-dwelling arthropods. ( an incomplete noun clause

“from land-dwelling arthropods” needs a connector “how” , a subject “insects”, and verb “
developed”.
a. insects developed
b. how insects developed
c. how the development of insects
d. the development of insects
17. A course syllabus...............what is expected in a course. (noun clause “what is expected”
complete, main clause needs a verb)
a. with clear delineation
b. to delineate clearly
c. should clearly delineate
d. clearly delineating

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E. Adjective clause
18. An acre originally represented the area that a yoke of oxen....................in a singgle day.
(an incomplete adj clause “that a yoke” needs a verb to be complete)
a. a plow
b. to plow
c. plowing
d. could plow
19. .................the chemicals that make water hard. ( needs a subject and a verb)
a. For carbonites to be
b. Carbonites are
c. Carbonites
d. In carbonites
20. Only beryl................deep green in color can be called emerald. ( an incomplete adj
clause “deep green in color” needs a connector/subject and verb/tobe)
a. that is
b. is
c. it is
d.that

Written Expression
F. Agreement

21. The largest of all the herd animals are the musk ox. (singular subject “largest” , change
are to is)

22. All of the hoofed mammals walks on the tips of their toes. ( singular verb “walks”
doesn’t agree with plural object mammals, change walks to walk)

23. Like desert plants, the plants of the tundra has to be equipped for life in a harsh
climate. ( the plural subject “ plants doesn’t agree with the singular verb “has”, Tundra is
singular object not subject. Change has to have)

G. Parallel structure

24. Cats hunt not only by night but also daily. ( the adverb “daily” isn’t parallel to the
prepositional phares “by night”, change daily to by day)

25. Adobe is used throughout the Soutwest to make ovens and bricked. (the adj “bricked”
isn’t parallel to the noun ovens. Change bricked to bricks.)

26. In ancient times, the Milky Way was seen as a road, river, or bridged along which the
spirits of the dead departed the Earth. ( bridged isn’t parallel to the nouns road and river,
change bridged to bridge)

H. Verb Form

27. The remains of meat-eating dinosaurs have be found in Antartica. ( helping verb “have”
shoulbe followed by a past participle, change be to been.)

28. Bees are find all over the world, except in Antartica. (helping verb be “are” should be
followed by either a present or past participle, change find to found)

29. in medieval times , the superior officer of a soldier who had been cowardly or disloyal
would broke the sword of the soldier. ( a modal should be followed by the base form of
the verb)

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I. Nouns

30. The human jawbone hinges on each sides of the skull at ear level. (singular quantifier
each should be accompanied by the singular noun side)

31. in the Bighorn Mountains, a range in the Rocky Mountains, there are much mountain
lakes and waterfalls.( uncountable quantifier much should be changed to many)

32. in the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci drew several rough sketch of a contraption
that looked like a bicycle. (the plural quantifier “several” should be accompanied by plural
noun “sketches”)

J. Pronouns and Possessives

33. Penguins cannot fly, but it can swim very well. ( a pronoun must agree in number with
the noun, change “ it to they”)

34. Carpenter bees tunnel into wood in order to build theirs nests. (the possessive pronoun
cannot be used with a noun, change “theirs to their”)

35. Cartilage has no blood supply and, unlike bone, does not repair themselves when
damaged. ( a pronoun must agree in number with the noun to which it refers, change
themselves to itself.)

K. Adj and Adv

36. Pure talc breaks easy into thin, transparent flakes. ( an adv should be used to describe a
verb, change easy to easily.)

37. There are more distinctly species of bats than of any other mammal. (an adj should be
used to describe a noun, change distinctly to distinct.)

38. it used to be illegally in parts of the state of Michigan to hitch a crocodile to a fire
hydrant.(an adj should be used after linking verb, change illegaly to illegal.)

39. under the thin, relative cool crust of the Earth lies the mantle. ( adverb before/ describe
adjective, change relative to relatively.)

40. The grizzly bear’s nose, muzzle, and teeth look similarly to a dog’s. ( an adj should be
used after a linking verb, change similarly to similar.)

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