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A Secure Students’ Attendance Monitoring System

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Volume 2, No. 2, December 2017
ISSN: 2518-6493

Copyright © 2017 Amity University Dubai

For private circulation only

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission
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Disclaimer
The authors are solely responsible for the contents of their respective papers included in this
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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, No 2
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Fro m t he E ditor’s D es k

We have the privilege to introduce the fourth issue of the Amity Journal of Engineering and
Technology (AJET), a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal that focuses on
emerging trends in various domains of engineering and technology. AJET aims to provide a
platform to researchers to share their ideas and emerging trends, across varied themes related
to the disciplines of engineering, technology, and allied areas.

The current issue of the journal is a compilation of six papers, wherein authors have
discussed ideas ranging from contemporary architectures like the early Islamic architectural
tradition of Arabian world. This particular issue also includes a study that focuses on
sustainable mud houses in Dinajpur (Bangladesh) which could be very useful for developing
nations for cost effective housing. There are three papers with applications of information and
communication technology, with one presenting a good survey of implementation techniques
for systems based on Internet-of-things (IoT).

We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the authors of the papers, from different
countries, without whose dedication to research, this journal would not have been possible.
We would also like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments to the authors and the
editorial committee, for extending support in bringing out this journal in its present form. All
published issues of AJET bear testimony to the zeal and commitment of the founding editors
of the journal in providing a common forum to researchers to share their ideas and build upon
them, adding to the process of knowledge creation.

We hope that academics, researchers, and industry experts will find AJET useful, as they set
out to explore the fascinating world of advanced engineering, emerging technologies, and
inspiring architectures. We will continue to publish interesting articles with more focus on
applications of engineering, science & technology, and architecture.

Prof. Dr. Piyush Maheshwari

Editor in Chief

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Contents
Vol. 2, No. 1

1 Modeling the Use of Energy Harvesting in Wireless Communication Networks

Osifeko M.O, Sanusi O.I, Abolade O.R, Oyetola O.K, Olaniyi K.A
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering,
Olabisi Onabanjo University…………………......………………………………………………………………...7

2 A Secure Students’ Attendance Monitoring System

O.K. Oyetola, A.A. Okubanjo , O.O Olaluwoye
Computer and Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department,
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria……...…………………………………….………………... 14

3 Effect of Principal Component analysis in Block Dependency Feature based

Uncalibrated Steganalysis
Deepa Suresh
Research Scholar, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan,India…...………………………..…………………….…26

4 Learning from the past: The early Islamic architectural tradition of Arabian world,
A Case study over Qusayr Amra’s construction technique and structural system
Sayed Ahmed
Student, Masters of Monumental Heritages (MA)
Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Dessau, Germany …………………...……………………….….…31

5 An Internet-of-Things (IOT) Based System Development and Implementation: A

Survey
Anu Priya George
Research Scholar,
Noorul Islam Centre For Higher Education…………...………………………………….……….……….….…46

6 In search of resilience: Exploring mud houses in Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Fatiha Polin, Shahin Sultana
Research Associate, Bengal Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Junior Architect, Inspace Atelier, Dhaka, Bangladesh……………………………………………………..54

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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, No 2
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A Secure Students’ Attendance

Monitoring System
O.K. Oyetola A.A. Okubanjo O.O Olaluwoye
Computer and Electrical & Computer and Electrical & Computer and Electrical &
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
Department, Department, Department,
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Olabisi Onabanjo University,
Ago Iwoye, Nigeria Ago Iwoye, Nigeria Ago Iwoye, Nigeria

Abstract- Security of data is essential in authentication systems such as attendance monitoring system.
A Students’ attendance monitoring system is an integral part of Academic Information System (AIS)
in most educational institution. Research have shown that biometric systems developed for
authentication application stored template in unprotected format which are vulnerable and susceptible
to security treats. This paper aims to develop a secured fingerprint based biometric cryptosystem for
attendance monitoring. A total of 500 fingerprints were captured, out of which 300 fingerprints
were used for training while 200 fingerprints were used for testing. Minutiae based algorithm was
used to extract and select biometric features. Biometric features were encrypted using Advanced
Encryption Standard Algorithm (AES). The system was developed and implemented using Java
programming language to operate at varying threshold value. The developed system’s performance
was evaluated using False Reject Rate (FRR) and False Accept Rate (FAR) as performance metrics.
The results for FRR were 0, 0, 1, and 2 % at 200, 300, 400 and 500 threshold value respectively
while results for FAR were 2, 2, 0, 0 % at 200, 300, 400 and 500 threshold value respectively.

Keywords: Biometric, Attendance monitoring, Authentication, Template, Encryption

1.0 Introduction

Technological innovation, in recent time had reshaped the process of information management
globally. The importance of a reliable and efficient IT infrastructures for the success of an enterprise
hardly needs any explanation. As schools, colleges, and universities increasingly rely on these
infrastructure to service staffs, students, parents and the general public, computer system is no longer
a peripheral to the management of a university. At the core of these systems is an Academic
Information Management System (AIS), managing all academic processes and operations in
educational institution. AIS is expected to be stringent in terms of security in order to eliminate
unauthorized access to information, impersonation, and data theft. A generic AIS is made-up several
sub-systems interoperating for effective and reliable performance.

Students’ Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS), a sub-system of AIS has received tremendous
attention lately, this is attributed to notable achievement recorded in the field of biometrics for the
design of authentication system[1]. Unlike other methods such as bar codes, magnetic stripes, radio
frequency identification (RFID), biometric uses unique psychological or behavioural traits of
individuals to authenticate. Consequently, traits such as fingerprints, face image, iris, and signature
had been widely accepted for information system security and authentication which had provoked
hackers with interest in discovering methods of attacking biometric systems. A possible leakage of
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these biometric templates can lead to serious security and privacy threats[2]. Therefore, a deliberate
measure has to be put in place to secure templates generated for SAMS.

In this paper we proposed an approach of securing biometric templates. A biometric cryptosystem was
developed for monitoring students’ attendance using fingerprint trait for verification. Students’
information were encrypted using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using secret keys generated
from templates. To further improve the security afforded by the system, templates were stored as
Binary Large Object (BLOB) in MYSQL database secured with Message Digest 5 (MD 5) Hashing
Algorithm.

2.0 Literature review

SAMS had gain unprecedented attention in recent times due to revolution in ICT especially in the area
of digital signal processing. Akinduyite et al. [3], presented a fingerprint based attendance
management system. There systems used Crossing Number (CN) method for features extraction,
which extracts the ridge endings and bifurcations from the skeleton image by examining the local
neighbourhoods of each ridge pixel using a 3 x 3 window. Microsoft’s Structured Query Language
(SQL) Server 2005 was used as the backend to store template in plain format, exposing the system to
severe security threat.

In [4], a Biometric Control Examination Screening And Attendance Monitoring System With Fees
Management was developed using fingerprint access control techniques, which is designed with
extended graphical user interface by using Microsoft visual studio 2010 and integrated with Microsoft
fingerprint reader. The system stores only student information in MySQL database while templates
are saved as plain text in a folder on the server consequently baring the template to unauthorized
access. Authors in [5],[6],[7] and [8] proposed and developed SAMS using biometrics without
considering template security and data encryption. Their systems are susceptible to template attack
and data theft.

Atuegwu, et al [9] uses a bimodal biometric system to monitor students attendance. In their approach
face and fingerprint were used as traits for verification and fusion was done at decision level which is
considered as loosely coupled integration [10]. Even though their system took care of possible
limitation of large similarities in the feature sets used to represent traits, it never implement template
security. Furthermore, it is pertinent to note that researchers had also applied other technology, such
as RFID to monitor student attendance. In [11], authors use RFID and password based access
techniques to secure students’ information. The challenge with this method is that authentication is
done based on what students presented and not on who they are. RFID cards can be lost or stolen
while password can be forgotten. The same challenge is also envisaged in [12] as it place the burden
of carrying card around on the students. Information were also store in plain unprotected format in the
database.

2.1 Biometric System

A biometric system is fundamentally a pattern-recognition system that distinguishes a person based on

a trait derived from physiological or behavioral characteristic that the person possesses[10]. The trait
is usually stored in a database after being extracted as shown in Figure 2. Most biometric system are

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in two stages, enrolment and verification. The data that is captured during enrollment is stored in the
biometric system as a template or reference. Biometric system software uses an algorithm to extract
features that are appropriate to the biometrics data as presented by the user, or enrollee[13]. It is
important to note that biometric templates are only a record of distinguishing features of a person’s
biometric characteristic or trait. Templates are usually not actual images of the fingerprint, iris, or
hand, etc. Biometric templates are generally only numerical (mathematical) representations of key
trait (or minutia) read in a person’s biometric feature.

A biometric system based on physiological characteristics is generally more reliable than one which
adopts behavioral characteristics, even if the latter may be easier to integrate within certain specific
applications [14]. Biometric system can operate in two modes: verification and identification. While
identification involves comparing the acquired biometric information against templates corresponding
to all users in the database, verification involves comparison with only those templates corresponding
to the claimed identity. This implies that identification and verification are two problems that should
be dealt with separately [15]. However, it should be noted that both require querying the template
database for decision making. Many different aspects of human physiology, chemistry or behavior can
be used for biometric authentication. The selection of a particular biometric feature for use in a
specific application involves consideration of several factors. [10] Identified seven of such factors to
be used when assessing the suitability of any trait for use in biometric authentication.

Fig. 1. Basic Architecture of Biometric System

3.0 Developed System Architecture

The attendance monitoring system consists of several modules to enroll and verify students. The
system is divided into two stages; enrolment and monitoring as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. In our
approach, biometric features are extracted from fingerprints while cryptography key are generated
using minutiae points from fingerprints template. Consequently, information are encrypted based on
individual’s unique traits which implies that the presence of a subject (owner of data) is required to
view or access information.
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To further enhance the integrity of the system, templates and encrypted data are store in MySQL
DBMS. Access to the database is secured with MD Hash 5 algorithm. Details of the modules are as in
next page.

Fig. 2. Enrolment module of developed system

Fig. 3. Monitoring Module of developed system

3.1 Enrolment Stage

Student’s data (matric number, name, sex, department, programme, course etc.) and biometrics
information (fingerprint data.) are acquired at this stage. A graphical user interface (GUI) is designed
to provide a user friendly mechanism for collecting the details as shown in Figure 4. The enrollment

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stage of the system is divided into different software module for seamless data follow and easy error
correction. As depicted in Figure 2, the modules are sensor module, feature extraction module,
binarization module, and encryption module and template database. The essence of the sensor module
is to sense and scan fingerprints for further image processing. This is achieved by using
DigitalPersona 4500 Fingerprint Scanner to enhance capturing high quality images.

Fig. 4. Enrolment module interface

3.2 Features Extraction

The developed SAMS adopts minutiae based matching algorithm for fingerprint recognition to
minimize significantly the number of fingerprints referenced for each authentication procedure. The
feature extractor finds the ridge endings and ridge bifurcations from the input fingerprint images. If
ridges can be perfectly located in an input fingerprint image, then minutiae extraction becomes a
simple task of extracting singular points in a thinned ridge map. However in practice, it is not always
possible to obtain a perfect ridge map. The performance of the extractor depends heavily on the
quality of the input fingerprint image. Fingerprint images may not always have well-defined ridge
structures due to many factors (aberrant formations of epidermal ridges of fingerprints postnatal
marks, occupational marks, problems with acquisition devices.).

3.3 Binarization of Extracted Features

Biometric features extracted from student fingerprint is converted into binary large object (BLOB) to
enhance the system security because it is very difficult to recover the binary object in plaintext
without the prior knowledge of its size. This is achieved using the public interface representation in
the Java programming language as an SQL BLOB value.

A Blob object is valid for the duration of the transaction in which it was created. Methods in the
interfaces ResultSet, CallableStatement, and PreparedStatement, such as getBlob and setBlob allow
access to SQL BLOB value.
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The Blob interface provides methods for getting the length of an SQL BLOB (Binary Large Object)
value, for materializing a BLOB value on the client, and for determining the position of a pattern of
bytes within a BLOB value. In addition, this interface has methods for updating a BLOB value. A
typical example of a BLOB value by the system in a text editor is shown in Figure 5, the BLOB
presents no meaningful information as regarding the biometric template. Code snippet of the Security
Engine designed for the system is as in next page Fig.5.

Fig. 5. BLOB data in a text editor

3.4 Encryption Module

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptography algorithm was employed to encrypt all entries in
the database. Consequently, subject information is not saved in plain text for enhanced system
security. AES algorithm works on the principle of Substitution Permutation network. The AES cipher
is identified as a number of reiterations of transformation rounds that translate the input plaintext into
the final output of cipher text. Using this approach, an encryption key is generated from biometric
template of each subject key to protect personal data distinctively. A set of reverse rounds are applied
to transform cipher text back into the original plaintext using the same encryption key. This module
employs the Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) to implement AES. Code snippet of the Security
Engine designed for the system is as follows:

public String encrypt(String plainText) throws Exception {

byte[] plainTextByte = plainText.getBytes();
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
key secretKey = generateKey(template);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
byte [] encryptedByte = cipher.doFinal (plainTextByte);
Base64.Encoder encoder = Base64.getEncoder ();
String encryptedText = encoder.encodeToString (encryptedByte);
return encryptedText;
}
public String decrypt (String encryptedText)throws Exception {
Base64.Decoder decoder = Base64.getDecoder();
byte[] encryptedTextByte = decoder.decode(encryptedText);
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
key secretKey = generateKey(template);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
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byte[] decryptedByte = cipher.doFinal(encryptedTextByte);

String decryptedText = new String(decryptedByte);
return decryptedText;
}

The database helper classes used the security engine to encrypt data when saving data to the database
and to decrypt data when retrieving data from the data base as depicted in the following code snippet.
Fig. 6 shows the encrypted data view from the database.

coder = new SecurityEngine();

public String getStudentID() {
return subjectdetailInfo.get("subjectID");
}
public String decryptSubjectID() throws Exception{
return coder.decrypt(subjectdetailInfo.get("subjectID"));
}
public void setSubjectID(String subjectID) throws Exception{
subjectdetailInfo.put("subjectID", coder.encrypt(subjectID));
}
public String getSurname() throws Exception{
return subjectdetailInfo.get("surname");
}
public String decryptSurname() throws Exception{
return coder.decrypt(subjectdetailInfo.get("surname"));
}
public void setSurname(String surname) throws Exception{
subjectdetailInfo.put("surname", coder.encrypt(surname));
}

Fig.6. Database view of Encrypted Data

3.5 Monitoring Stage

At the attendance monitoring stage, the system identifies students using presented fingerprint. This is
done by going through the process of feature extraction as done in the enrolment module. The features
are then used to query the template database to identify the student and ascertain if the student enroll
for the course. Subsequently, matching is also carried out during identification and it compresses a
decision making module in which the generated match score is used to validate the claimed identity.
The flowchart for the authentication module is show in Fig. 7.

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3.6 Template Database

A database is an organized collection of related data. It is a collection of data, describing the activities
of one or more related systems. In the database design, MySQL database management system is
employed. This enables the adoption of database security methodology in storing data. In order to
determine the logical structure of a database, data were modeled using relational data model as shown
in Fig. 8. A relational model is a conceptual representation of data structures that are required by a
database. The information contained in relational model is used to define relational tables, primary
and foreign keys, stored procedures, and triggers. Message Digest 5 (MD5) Hashing technique is
used in securing access to the database which makes it very difficult for unauthorized user to gain
access into the database.

Start

Scan Student Fingerprint Generate key from

Template

Identify Fingerprint
Decrypt Subject Info

Mark Student Attendance

If identified

Yes

No

Reject Student/Subject
Stop

Fig. 7. Flowchart for authentication module

3.7 Developed System Class Diagram

Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) approach was used in the design of the system. An
OOAD provides a natural and intuitive way to view the software design process—namely, modeling
objects by their attributes and behaviors just as human describe real-world objects. The developed
system model was implemented using Java technology because of the support Java has for database
connectivity. In addition, sun created a standardized interface to databases from Java called Java
Database Connectivity (JDBC), which makes it possible to connect a Java application with MySQL
database. Using the Connector/J JDBC driver, the system queries the database for data. The system
uses two-tier application architecture, commonly called client/server; the client application
communicates directly to the database through a JDBC driver. The JDBC API supports two-tier
model and database being on the same machine as the client application or on a remote machine, with
all communication being handled by JDBC.
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Fig. 8. Database Relational Model

The classes modelled for the application and their dependency on each other is shown in Figure 9.
The solid line that connects two classes represents an association—a relationship between classes.
The numbers near each end of the line are multiplicity values, which indicate how many objects of
each class participate in the association.

The solid diamonds attached to the association lines of classes indicate composition relationship.
Composition implies a whole/part relationship. The class that has the composition symbol (the solid
diamond) on its end of the association line is the whole and the classes on the other end of the
association lines are the parts.

3.8 Performance Evaluation

The developed SAMS performance evaluation was carried out using false rejection rate (FRR) and
false accept rate (FAR) as metrics. The test was conducted at different threshold values. Table 1 and
Table 2 shows in percentage FRR and FAR values at different threshold values.

As depicted in Fig. 10 system false rejection error rate reduces as the threshold is reduced. Also, Fig.
11 shows the plot of FAR over threshold values where 2.00% of subjects were falsely accepted at 100
threshold value. The chances of an impostor to be accepted decreases as the threshold value increases.

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Fig. 9. UML Class dependency Diagram

Table-1: Developed System false Rejection Rate

Threshold Values False Rejection Rate

100 0.01%
200 0.03%
300 0.06%
400 0.07%
500 1.80%

1.8

1.6

1.4
False Reject Error Rate(%)

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Threshold Value

Fig. 10. False Reject Rate

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Table -2: Developed System false Acceptance Error rate.

Threshold Values False Acceptance Rate

100 2.00%
200 1.80%
300 1.40%
400 0.50%
500 0.20%

2.2

1.8
False Accept Error Rate(%)

1.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Threshold Value

Fig. 12. False Accept Rate

4.0 Conclusion

This paper presents a secured fingerprint based biometric cryptosystem for attendance monitoring. A
total of 500 fingerprints were captured, out of which 300 fingerprints were used for training while 200
fingerprints were used for testing. Minutiae based algorithm was used to extract and select biometric
features. Biometric features were further encrypted using Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm
(AES) which results in generating a unique key for each student data. The system was developed and
implemented using Java programming language to operate at varying threshold value. Furthermore,
system’s performance evaluation was carried out using FRR and FAR as performance metrics. The
results for FRR were 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.07%, and 1.80 % at 200, 300, 400 and 500 threshold value
respectively while results for FAR were 2.00%, 1.80%, 1.40%, 0.50% and 0.20% at 100, 200, 300,
400 and 500 threshold value respectively.The results showed that using a secured SAMS not only
protects attendance information, it also secures other students’ academic records since all AIS
subsystem links same back-end facilities. It also pertinent to note, that as the threshold value
increases, FAR reduces while FRR increases which is in conformity with other biometric systems.

5.0 References

[1]. S. Abuguba, M. M. Milosavljević, and N. Maček, “An Efficient Approach to Generating Cryptographic Keys from
Face and Iris Biometrics Fused at the Feature Level,” IJCSNS Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 6–
11, 2015.
[2]. J. Han, “Fingerprint Authentication Schemesfor Mobile Devices,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 579 –
585, 2015.
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[3]. C. O. Akinduyite, A. O. Adetunmbi, O. O. Olabode, and E. O. Ibidunmoye, “Fingerprint-Based Attendance

Management System,” J. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 100–105, 2013.
[4]. A. T. Onaolamipo, “Development of A Computerized Biometric Control Examination Screening And Attendance
Monitoring System With Fees Management,” vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 76–81, 2014.
[5]. M. Sciences, “TOWARDS AN EFFICIENT BIOMETRIC EMPLOYEE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM,” vol. 4, no. 2,
pp. 65–78, 2016.
[6]. T. Nawaz, S. Pervaiz, and A. Korrani, “Development of Academic Attendence Monitoring System Using Fingerprint
Identification,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 164–168, 2009.
[7]. O. Shoewu, D. Ph, O. A. Idowu, and B. Sc, “Development of Attendance Management System using Biometrics .,”
Pacific J. Sci. Technol., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 300–307, 2012.
[8]. S. Rao and P. K. J. Satoa, “An Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometrics Authentication,” Int. J. Adv. Res.
Comput. Sci. Softw. Eng. Res., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 379–383, 2013.
[9]. A. Charity, K. Okokpujie, and N. Etinosa, “A Bimodal Biometric Student Attendance System,” in IEEE 3rd
International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON), 2017, pp. 464–471.
[10]. A. K. Jain, A. Ross, and S. Pankanti, “Biometrics: A tool for information security,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur.,
vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 125–143, 2006.
[11]. A. A. Sambo et al., “An RFID-Based Student Information System,” in IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-
Technology for National Development (NIGERCON), 2017, pp. 477–482.
[12]. S. Shukla, S. Shah, and P. Save, “RFID Based Attendance Management System,” vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 784–790, 2013.
[13]. O. k Oyetola, A. A. Okubanjo, M. O. Osifeko, O. I. Sanusi, and R. O. Abolade, “An improved Authentication System
using hybrid of biometrics and cryptography,” in IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for
National Development (NIGERCON), 2017.
[14]. M. S. Al-ani, “A Novel Thinning Algorithm for Fingerprint Recognition,” vol. 2, no. February, pp. 43–48, 2013.
[15]. A. K. Jain, A. Ross, and S. Prabhakar, “An Introduction to Biometric Recognition 1,” vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–29, 2004.

Author’s Profile

O.K Oyetola is a faculty member at the department of Computer and Electrical

Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria. He received B.Sc. Degree in
Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the same University in 2009. In 2016, he
completed M.Tech in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Ladoke Akintola
University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. He is currently working on a PhD research. He is a
shrewd academician with interest in Smart grid, Energy management, Software
Engineering, Cloud computing, IoT, Big data and pattern recognition.

A.A Okubanjo received the B.Sc. Degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering with
First Class Honour from Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria in 2009 and completed
the MSc in Control Systems Engineering from HAN University of Applied Sciences,
the Netherlands in 2016 and he is presently a PhD student. He is a lecturer in the
Department of Computer and Electrical & Electronics Engineering in Olabisi Onabanjo
University. His research interests include Control System and Instrumentation,
Renewable Energy, Mechatronics, Safety and Systems, Information technology and
Telecommunication and Image processing.

O.O. Olaluwoye obtained his B.Sc. Degree in Electrical/Electronics Engineering from

Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria in 2008. He completed his M.Tech program in
Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
Ogbomoso, Nigeria in 2016. He is a registered Engineer with the Council of Regulation
of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN).

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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, No 2
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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology (AJET)

Editorial Team
Prof. (Dr.) Piyush Maheshwari
Amity University Dubai, UAE

Dr. Vinod Kumar Shukla Dr. Swaroop Ramaswamy Pillai

Amity University Dubai, UAE Amity University Dubai, UAE

Reviewers Team

Nguyen Chinh Quang Dr. Ishu Sharma

University of Business and International Studies Amity University Dubai, UAE
Geneva, Switzerland

Ms. Reshmi Nair Dr. Hanan Taleb

Amity University Dubai, UAE Associate professor
British University in Dubai

Dr Maninder Kaur Dr. V. ANANTHASWAMY

Amity University Dubai, UAE The Madura College (Autonomous),
Madurai – 625 011, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. Hemant A. Mandave Dr. Hamid Ali Abed Alasadi

Vice Principal and Professor-Mechanical Engg., KBP Basra University, Basra,
Maharashtra, India. Iraq

Dr. Bharat M. Shinde DR. Rabindra Kumar Singh

Professor and Head, Mechanical Engg., JSPM Technical Perfumery Analytical Chemist
Campus, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India Consultant: GC/MS Expert

Dr. Sandeep Kumar Kautish Dr. Gyanendra Kumar Gupta

North West Institute of Engineering & Technology Director, Dr. Virendra Swarup Group of
Punjab , India Institutions, U.P, India

Prof. Khizar Hayat Prof. Usman Javed

University of Lahore, Pakistan University of Lahore, Pakistan
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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, No 2
ISSN: 2518-6493

Subscription:
For subscription to Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology

Please contact: Dr. Vinod Kumar Shukla – Journal Coordinator

Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology
Amity University Dubai (Email: vshukla@amityuniversity.ae, ajet@amityuniversity.ae)

Manuscript Requirements

Manuscripts should be submitted electronically (via e-mail) by sending MS Word File addressed to:
The Editor, Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Dubai
Email: ajet@amityuniversity.ae, Phone: +9714 4554 900.

Author’s Guidelines

AJET is a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scientific research journal providing a platform to those

who are involved in the research and detailed studies of various disciplines of engineering, technology
and allied areas. AJET invites original research paper, reviews, case studies and points of views that
are related to engineering, technology and allied areas. The journal aims to provide readers state-of-
the-art development in the field of engineering, technology and related areas through scientific
research and lived experience.

All submitted articles should report original, previously unpublished research results, experimental or
theoretical. All submissions should be made as per the guidelines and manuscript requirements
available with Coordinator of AJET. Authors are requested to follow standard IEEE format in all their
submissions.

Articles shall also not be under consideration elsewhere. It is distinctly understood that all submission
are original work of the author(s) and wherever required permissions should be obtained by author(s)
by the appropriate authority, before submission.

All submissions undergo blind peer review by two or more referees. Usually, the review process takes
about two to three months. The reviewer(s) advise the editorial board regarding the merit of articles
for publication in the journal. The editor shall inform the corresponding author the status with regard
to acceptance or rejection directly or through a member of the editorial board or coordinator of the
journal. Wherever modification is required in the submission, the same shall also be communicated to
author(s). The author shall make all modifications suggested by the editor and resubmit within two
months.

Delayed submission after modification, shall result in delayed publication of the article in the journal.
Authors are advised to submit high resolution pictures, tables and figures in the standard format
separately. Listing of references shall also follow standard IEEE format. A high resolution
photograph of the author and author profile (not exceeding 100 words) should also be included.
Wherever there are more than one author, authors profile and photographs should be included for each
author. The corresponding authors name and email should also be indicated.

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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, No 2
ISSN: 2518-6493

Prior to publication, authors must sign a form affirming their work is original and is not an
infringement of an existing copyright. In all matters relating to appeal and dispute the decision of
editor will be final and binding. Additionally authors will submit transfer of copyright to AJET.
Authors will receive a PDF offprint and a complimentary copy of the issue in which his/her paper
appears.

Frequency: Bi-Annual

Publication Charge: No publication charge or article processing charge is required. All accepted
manuscripts will be published free of cost.

Research submission format: Standard IEEE format

Initial Paper Submission:

Authors are invited to submit their full text papers including conclusions, results, tables, figures and
references according to IEEE Paper format. Full text papers will be accepted in only .doc/.docx
format by E-mail to: vshukla@amityuniversity.ae, ajet@amityuniversity.ae

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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, No 2
 ISSN: 2518-6493

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Amity Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, No 2

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