DRPH GuideBook Department of Community Health UKMMC

UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

DOCTOR OF PUBLIC
HEALTH (DrPH)
Community Health Department, UKMMC, Kuala Lumpur

2014

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DRPH GuideBook Department of Community Health UKMMC

CONTENT
Page
number

Background 2
Program Objectives 2
Scope 2
Duration of studies 2
Entry requirement 3
Application 3
Registration and payment 3
Registration early of the semester 3
Form of registration 3
Suspension of registration 3
Programme structure 3
Workload for coursework 3
Workload for field attachment 4
Workload for research and dissertation 4
Supervisor 5
Assessment / examination 5
Coursework assessment 5
Grade and grade point 5
In-complete grade 5
Conditions for repeating the courseworks 5
Comprehensive examination 5
Dissertation examination 6
Award of Degree 6
Dismission of candidate 6
General 6
Courses offerred 6
Synopsis of courses 8
List of academic staffs 18

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DRPH GuideBook
BACKGROUND
Community health is one of the disciplines in
science which aims to increase the standard of
physical, mental and social heath in individual,
family and society level through organized
cooperation from individual, family, society and
amongst the medical& health services providers.
Community health practice emphasized the
management of resources and facilities to achieve
optimum standard of physical, mental and social
health by the population.
Community health scope include functions such
as planning, organizing, coordinating, monitoring
and evaluating of health strategies/program to
ensure a comprehensive health service,that able
to fulfill the needs of society, in which it could be
accessed, accepted and used by all members of
the society. It has been recognized as one of the
disciplines which developed tremendously at an
international level.
Community health specialization has developes
from time-to-time, following the development and
needs of a country. An individual who is
responsible to the community health, whether
national, state, district or a special unit of a
specific service, shall have extended training in
community health.
THE PROGRAMME LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
1. Critically analyze and evaluate current
literature and knowledge in community
health in general and for a specific
specialty.
2. Display innovative technical skills in
managing programs in community health
and specific specialty.
3. Identify health priorities in a community,
region and nation.
4. Display ability to supervise, monitor and
train professionals in community health in
general and area of specialty.
5. Lead and collaborate with others in
community health in general and for a
specific specialty.
6. Display ability to communicate with peers,
scholar community and general public
related area of specialty.
Department of Community Health UKMMC
7. Formulate research question and develop
research methodologies suitable for a
specific specialty in community health.
8. Conduct research with due diligence and
care.
9. Project-manage, design, implement and
adapt the research process with high
level of scholarship.
10. Analyze data using appropriate advanced
epidemiological, statistical, economic, or
qualitative research techniques.
11. Disseminate and publish research
findings that expand the boundary of
knowledge. (Communicate research
findings in oral and written form; place
research findings in the context of current
knowledge; identify limitations and further
areas for research; discuss policy
implications and the public health
significance of findings)
SCOPE
Degree in Doctor of Public Health includes the
following specialization:
 Epidemiology and statistics
 Hospital Management and Health Economics
 Family Health
 Health promotion
 Environmental Health
 Occupational Health
DURATION OF STUDIES
The programme is conducted for 6 semesters (3
years) and candidates must be registered full time
with UKM. Candidate needs to do course work,
field attachment and produce a dissertation during
the study period. Candidates are encouraged to
collect research data at their institutions/ place of
work before joining this programme or attachment
site.
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DRPH GuideBook
ENTRY REQUIREMENT
Candidate who wishes to apply this post-graduate
programme shall require the following -
Bachelor Degree in Medical Doctor from Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM);
or
Bachelor Degree in Medical Doctor from other
universities that’s recognized by the Senate of
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM);
and
Degree in Master of Public Health/ Community
Health/ Community Medicine or Master in
Community Health Science from Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) or other universities
that’s recognized by the Senate of Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
APPLICATION
Application shall be made through the specific
forms and forwarded to the Dean of Centre for
Graduate Studies.
Applications should enclose with it the necessary
academic documents. Every application shall be
first referred to the Post-Graduate Committee of
Medical Faculty. The result shall then be
forwarded to the Dean of Centre for Graduate
Studies for further action.
Candidate shall be call for an interview to assess
their public health experience and commitment in
pursue DrPH programme before accepted.
Candidates who have been accepted but not yet
registered could postpone their study for not less
than one semester and not more than two
semesters with proper formal written application to
the Dean of Centre of Graduate Studies.
REGISTRATION AND PAYMENT
Registration early of the semester
Candidates who had been accepted to enroll shall
pay the entire fee and register on early of every
semester for the whole duration of study.
Candidates are not allowed to register after the
first four weeks once the semester had started.
Candidates who have not registered for the
semester and do not have permission to postpone
Department of Community Health UKMMC
their registration could be disqualified as a
candidate.
Form of Registration
Candidate must register with Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) to enable them to
pursue all 6 semesters programme.
Candidates who are working must prove that he/
she had gained permission from their respective
employers to join this programme.
Suspension of Registration
Candidate, who registers can apply to suspend
his/ her registration based on reasonable excuse.
Duration of suspension will not count as part of the
required study duration.
Suspension is allowed for not less than one
semester and not more than two semesters for the
whole duration of study.
Candidate approved for registration suspension is
not considered as a registered university student,
hence, he/ she is not entitled to use any of the
university facilities except for getting advise
regarding to continue his/her study.
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Course work
Student needs to complete and get at least 60
units from course work. Student is allowed to
obtain any courses related either from Medical
Faculty or other faculties in Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia with academic supervisor’s agreement.
The student shall select the courses that he/ she
intend to take after discuss and get advice from
the academic advisor / supervisor. The total
minimum and maximum units of course work
allowed for any semester is the minimum of 12 to
maximum of 20 units (updated based on
Peraturan UKM Pengajian Siswazah 2011).
Candidates are allowed to apply to transfer unit
from courses taken during Master programme to
credit in the DrPH Programme only if the
candidates able to prove evidence (result
transcript) and had passed successfully.
Transferring of these credits is depending on the
agreement by the academic supervisor. The
maximum units allowed to be transfer are only 12
units (updated based on Peraturan UKM
Pengajian Siswazah 2011).
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DRPH GuideBook
Candidate is allowed to change, to add or to de-
register courses that have been registered after
getting advice and support from their academic
advisor/ supervisor within the first four weeks of
each semester. Change, addition and de-register
of the course shall fulfill the requirement of
minimum and maximum credit hours for each
semester.
Candidate must attend all lecture/ tutorial/ seminar
for the courses that had been registered.
Attendance not less than 70% is required and
considered as entry requirement to sit for the final
exam. Candidates with attendance less than 70%
are not allowed to sit for the particular course and
will be given fail status.
Candidate who had registered for any of the
course, but do not follow and had not applied to
drop that course, will also be given a fail status for
that particular course.
Examination result of a candidate who attended
lectures and sat for the exam, but the course was
not registered will not be counted and taken into
any consideration.
Field Attachment
Candidates are required to do field attachment
during Semester 4 and 5 (updated based on
Conjoint board of public health committee decision
made-ruj KKM(KA)09/62/02/07/092jld4 dated 19
Mac2012). This attachment will give the
candidates some exposure at the Government
and non Government agencies related to
community health. The candidates need to
discuss with their academic supervisor and
prepare their field attachment proposal.
Candidates will be placed under supervision of the
field supervisors appointed for field attachment.
The field supervisor is needed to prepare a report
based on the attachment. A logbook will be
provided to each student to assist in observation
and monitoring. Candidates may proceed to
Semester 6 upon meeting satisfactory
requirements by the academic supervisor and also
from the recommendation by the field supervisors
report.
Student must produce a complete report of field
attachment which includes:
Academic supervisor report on field attachment
Field supervisor report on field attachment
Student report on their field attachment
achievement together with their reflective
writing.
Research and Dissertation Preparation
Proposal for research work shall start at the first
semester. Student should come out with their
Department of Community Health UKMMC
research proposal title and must be agreed by the
academic supervisor and should be relevant to the
candidate’s specialisation. Research shall be
planned together with the supervisors and
research proposal must be approved by the
Departmental Post-graduate Committee and the
Research and Ethics Committee at faculty level.
According to Peraturan UKM Pengajian Siswazah
2011, DrPH program is under mode: corsework
and practicum/clinical work with dissertation
preparation with the coursework component of at
least 50%.
Candidate cannot submit their dissertation that
has already been submitted either to this
university or other university, but he/she can
include any part from the work, with the condition
that references are cited clearly.
If agreed by the academic supervisor or post-
graduate committee, the candidate could publish
papers related to the work while he/ she is
carrying out the research with the condition the
papers shall include acknowledgement to the
university.
A Doctor of Public Health dissertation shall not
exceed 60,000 words (based on Peraturan UKM
Pengajian Siswazah 2011). The total number of
words should exclude the foot note, citation,
appendix, formula, table, diagram, picture and so
on.
Permission to write dissertation more than the
length limitation could be obtained by applying to
the Dean of Centre of Graduate Studies at least
three months before submission of dissertation for
examination.
For Malaysian students, the dissertation must be
written in Bahasa Malaysia with the synopsis
translated into English. However, in certain
condition the dissertation can be written in English
with the synopsis translated into Bahasa Malaysia.
Application to write dissertation in English needs
to be obtained in written from the Dean of medical
faculty / Director of Centre of Graduate Studies for
approval latest at the semester 4.
Dissertation preparation should follow the
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia guideline.
A candidate is required to apply intention to submit
final dissertation at least 3 months before
submitting the final dissertation for examination.
This period is to allow the university to appoint his
/her dissertation examiners.
Dissertation could be published after obtaining the
University’s permission.
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DRPH GuideBook Department of Community Health UKMMC

Grade Grade Status

SUPERVISOR point
A 4.00 Pass with excelent
A- 3.67 Pass with excelent
B+ 3.33 Pass with distintion
Candidates who carry out research and B 3.00 Pass with distintion
dissertation preparation will be guided by either a B- 2.67 pass
supervisor or more than one co-supervisor. The C+ 2.33 pass
main supervisor must have a doctoral degree or is C 2.00 pass
a professor in the university. C- 1.67 fail
D 1.00 fail
When appointed as co-supervisor, the main E 0.00 fail
supervisor will bear the main responsibilities L/K pass /fail
whereby the co-supervisor will become an (courses without grade)
assistant to the main supervisor. T In complete
AU Audit
Supervisor will also be responsible in advising TD withdraw
candidate in taking up courses and matters SM in progress
regarding its progress. TP defer examination

Supervisor must consist of academic staffs that In-complete Grade (T)

are employed by UKM. Academic staff that had
been seconded to other places, resigned, retired
from the university, or other qualified individual
from other institution can only become co-
supervisor, in cases with special agreement.
If due to unavoidable circumstances, supervisor or
co-supervisor could not perform the duty, another
teaching staff shall be appointed to carry out
supervisory duties.
Supervisor shall submit one confidential report
regarding the progress of the candidate at least
once in a semester for the whole duration of the
study to the Faculty’s Post-Graduate Committee,
and a copy of the report to the Dean of Centre of
Graduate Studies.
ASSESSMENT/ EXAMINATION
With the agreement of the lecturer, a particular
course could be graded as ‘T’ if the candidate did
not manage to complete the work or did not sit for
the examination and no final result regarding the
student’s achievement in the course. The
agreement from the lecturer must be obtained not
later than two weeks after the next semester
registration. After the duration, if the candidate
still has yet to complete the work required, thus,
“T” grade will be change to another grade which is
agreed by the lecturer for the work which had
been completed.
A post-graduate examiner body consists of the
Vice Chancellor, Dean of Centre of Graduate
Studies, Dean of Medical Faculty, Head of
Department/ Coordinator Programme and
supervisor will consider the result of a candidate
and once satisfied, they will endorse the result to
the Senate and award the Degree.

Conditions for Repeating the Course Works

Candidate’s assessment for courses attended
shall include continuous assessment and
examination.
Course Work Assessment:
Grade and Grade Point
Grade and Value of Grade for course work will be
given as in the following table:
Candidate who failed in the registered compulsory
courses need to repeat the examination for that
course.
Candidate who failed in any courses shall sit for
the paper again after 6 months. If he/she still fails
continuously for two semesters (1 year), the
candidate will be dismissed from studies unless
he/ she with reasonable excuses received the
Faculty approval to repeat.

Comprehensive examination

Candidates who have completed at least 60 units

with at least grade B for each coursework are
qualified to sit for comprehensive exam.
Candidates must pass the comprehensive exam

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DRPH GuideBook Department of Community Health UKMMC

before conducting their field attachment and

dissertation preparation.
Comprehensive exam includes of 2 components:
written and oral. Candidates need to pass both
components. Pass marks for each component is
50%.
Candidates who fail the comprehensive exam are
allowed to repeat the exam after 6 months.
Candidates are allowed to repeat for maximum of
two times and if he/she still fails, candidates will
be terminated from their studies unless he/ she,
with reasonable excuse receive the Faculty’s
approval to repeat.
Every application and appeal regarding the
Act and this programme from a registered
candidate shall be submitted to the Director of
Centre of Graduate Studies through his/her
supervisor or academic advisor. Director of
Centre of Graduate Studies will refer their
application or appeal to Medical Faculty Post-
Graduate Committee to obtain their opinion or
endorsement which will later reach the
Director of Centre of Graduate Studies. If
necessary, the Director of Centre of Graduate
Studies will refer the results to the Senate in
order to obtain approval or endorsement
before announcing it to the candidate.

Dissertation examination

Dissertation examination consists of two COURSES OFFERED

components: written dissertation and oral
examination. Candidates have to pass both
components. One internal and one external Name of Courses Unit
examiner will examine the dissertation.
COMPULSORY COURSES
Award of Degree
Semester 1 (15 unit : core)
The degree in Doctor of Public Health shall be FK6553 3
awarded to candidates who fulfill the following Physical growth and social development of a
criteria: child
FK6343 3
Completed at least 60 units of coursework Hospital management
with at least grade B FK7282 2
Occupational safety and health risk
Passed the comprehensive examination assessment and management
FK6173 3
Satisfactory completion of field attachment Epidemiology and clinical biostatistics
FK7931 1
Published at least two article related to his/ Directed learning in health promotion
her specialization in a peer reviewed journal. FK 6912 2
Environmental sanitation and engineering
Passed the dissertation examination. FK 7121 1
Occupational safety and health legislation
Made all required payment.
Semester 2 (12 unit : core)
FK6552 2
Dismissal of Candidate Women and health
FK6193 3
With the agreement of the Senate, a candidate Advanced biostatistics
who follows the post-graduate programme could FK6963 3
be dismissed at any time if the progress of the Food quality control and safety
candidate is not satisfactory. FK7933 3
Qualitative methods in health service
General research
FK7932 2
Senate are entitled to take appropriate action Directed learning in health promotion
on a candidate if he/ she is found to give FK7172 2
untrue or incorrect information. Occupational health seminar

Senate could allow any exemption that is

relevant to their opinion apart from the
requirements of this programme.

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DRPH GuideBook Department of Community Health UKMMC

ELECTIVE COURSES FK 6722

Research methodology seminar on family health 2
A. Epidemology and
Medical Statistics Scope FK 6691/2
Directed Learning in Family Health 1 or 2
FK 6153
Epidemiology of Non- 3 D. Environmental Health Scope
Communicable Diseases
FK 6953
FK 6164 Environmental and Industrial 3
Epidemiology of Tropical Diseases 3 Toxicology

FK 6182 FK 6932
Epidemiology of Vector Borne 3 Water and Air Quality 2
Diseases
FK 6943
FK 6152 Environmental Management 3
Epidemiology of cancer 2
FK 7533
FK 6291/2 Environmental and occupational 3
Directed Learning in Epidemiology 1 or 2 health laboratory
and Medical Statistics
FK 7091/2
B. Health and Hospital Management Scope Directed Learning in Environmental 1 or 2
Health
FK 6342
Management of Health Information 2 E. Occupational Health Scope
In Health Care System
FK 7124
FK7933 Occupational Medicine 4
Qualitative methods in health service 3
Research FK 7131
Industrial Hygiene 1
FK 6363
Health Economics 3 FK 7141
Ergonomics 1
FK 6382
Management Seminar 3 FK 7151
Occupational Health Education 1
FK 6352
Organizational behaviour and health personnel 2 FK 7161
management Epidemiology of Occupational Health 1

FK 6491/2 FK 7181
Directed Learning in Health and 1 or 2 Operational Medicine 1
Hospital Management
FK 7193
C. Family Health Scope Occupatioanal Health Practicum 3

FK 6532 FK 7212
Adolescent Health 2 Clinical Occupational Medicine 2

FK 6563 FK 6953
Health of the Elderly 3 Environmental and Industrial 3
Toxicology
FK 6582
Family Health Seminars 2 FK 7291/2
Directed Learning in Occupational 1 or2
FK 6573 Health
Family and Community Nutrition 3

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DRPH GuideBook Department of Community Health UKMMC

F. Health Promotion places. This course will be conducted for 2 hours

lecture and 2 hours field work every week.
FK 7332
Patient Education 2 References:

FK 7513 Lashley, F.R. dan Durham, J.D. 2007. Emerging

Health Communication 3 Infectious Diseases: Trends and Issues. Springer
FK 7931 /2
Directed Learning in 1 or 2
Health P romotion
SYPNOSIS OF COURSES
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MEDICAL
STATISTICS
FK 6193 : Advanced Biostatistics
This is an advance of the Basic Statistics
Medicine course. It covers a non-parameter test;
duo-direction Anova; double regression;
discriminator analysis; logistics regression and
covariance analysis. This course comprises 2-
hour lectures and a single session of 2-hour
practical each week.
References:
Beth, D., Robert G. T. & Robert, T. 2004. Basic &
Clinical Biostatistics . Lange Medical Books / Mc
Graw – Hill.Medical Publishing Division.
Colton, T. 2000. Statistics in Medicine. Little
Brown and Co. Boston. 4th Ed.
David, G. 2005. Introduction to the Practice of
th
Statistics. 4 Edition Prentice-Hall International
Inc.
Dawson,B. & Trapp, R.G. 2001. Basic and
rd
Clinical Biostatistics. 3 Edition Prentice-Hall
International Inc.
Geoffrey, R. & David, L. S. 2000. Biostatistics: The
Bare Essentials,Second Edition
FK 6164 : Epidemiology of Tropical Diseases
This course emphasises on the aspect of
preventing tropical diseases and management of
the prevention programme. Attention will be given
to diseases that are of public health importance in
Malaysia such as malnutrition, malaria, filariasis,
tuberculosis and leprosy. It covers human
growth, community nutrition status assessment,
distribution of malnutrition and factors associate
with it. Epidemiology of the tropical diseases,
which includes distribution, factors associate with
the distribution and methods of prevention will also
be discussed. Regime of treatment and
prevention will be explained in depth from various
disciplines. Centres of diseases treatment will
become the model to make comparison with other
Publishing Company.
Kwan-Gett, T. S. et al. 2005. Infectious and
Tropical Diseases: A Handbook for Primary Care.
Mosby.
Fernando, R.J et al. 2001.Tropical Infectious
Diseases: Epidemiology, Investigation, Diagnosis
and Management. Greenwich Medical Media.
Cook, G.C. et al. 2003. Manson's tropical
st
diseases. 21 ed. London: Saunders
Chin, J. 2000. Control of Communicable Diseases
Manual. American Public Health Association.
nd
Gregg, M.B. 2002. Field Epidemiology. 2 ed.
Oxford University Press.
FK 6153 : Epidemiology of Non-
communicable Diseases
This course is about the epidemiology of non-
infectious diseases such as cardiovascular
diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory
diseases and others. Candidates are required to
produce a project and presentation on analytical
study and relationship between diseases and the
factors which contribute to the disease. This
course will be conducted for 1 hour of lecture and
2 hours of field work every week.
References:
Hurster M.M., 1997. Communicable and Non-
Communicable Disease Basics: A Primer.
st
Bergin & Garvey; 1 edition.
Caballero B.,2002. The Nutrition Transition: Diet
and Disease in the Developing World. Academic
st
Press; 1 edition.
Mascie-Taylor N., Peters J., McGarvey S.T.,
2004. The Changing Face of Disease:
st
Implications for Society. CRC; 1 edition
Bulpitt C.J., 2000. Epidemiology of
Hypertension. Elsevier Science Pub Co; 2Rev
Ed edition.
Ekoé J.M., Zimmet P., Williams R., 2001. The
Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus: An
st
International Perspective. Wiley; 1 edition.
McQueen, David V. (Ed.) 2013.Global Handbook
on Non communicable Diseases and Health
Promotion.
Louis Galambos (Editor), Jeffrey L. Sturchio.
2013.Noncommunicable Diseases in the
Developing World: Addressing Gaps in Global
Policy and Research.

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DRPH GuideBook
FK 6173 : Epidemiology and Clinical
Biostatistics
This course will focus on application of
epidemiology and statistics in clinical work. These
will include basic clinical epidemiology, screening
test, utility of analytical study and experiment in
determining prognosis of diseases and others.
Candidate will be required to criticise two articles
from journal and present on of them. This course
will be conducted for 2 hours lecture and 2 hours
of practical weekly.
References:
Sacket D.L., Haynes R.B., Tugwell P. 1985.
Clinical Epidemiology. Boston: Little Brown and
Company.
Weiss N.S. 1986. Clinical Epidemiology : The
Study of the Outcome of Illness. Oxford University
Press.
Fletcher R.H. & Fletcher S.W., Wagner E.H.
1987. Clinical Epidemiology – The Essential.
Baltimore : Waverly Press Inc.
FK 6182 : Epidemiology of Vector Borne
Diseases
This course is aimed to deepen the knowledge
and skill in determining, assessing and solving
clinical problem regarding diseases which are
spread by vector commonly found in Malaysia,
such as malaria, filariasis, dengue fever, japanese
encephalitis and others. Contents of the course
include understanding these vectorborne diseases
and methods to control it. This course will be
conducted for 1 hour of lecture plus laboratory and
fieldwork session weekly.
References:
WHO, Western Pacific Region 2004. The use of
malaria rapid diagnostic tests.
Kin, F. et al. 2001. Workshop proceedings on
behavioural interventions dengue control in
Malaysia. Pulau Pinang : Universiti Sains Malaysia
Parks, W. 2005. Planning social mobilization and
communication for dengue fever prevention and
control : a step-by-step guide. Geneva : World
Health Organization
Mackenzie, J.S et al. 2002. Japanese Encephalitis
st
and West Nile Viruses. 1 ed. Springer.
Eldridge, B.F dan Edman, J.D. 2003. Medical
entomology : a textbook on public health and
veterinary problems caused by arthropods.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
Department of Community Health UKMMC
FK 6152: Epidemiology of cancer
This course begins with a description of the
distribution and magnitude of the cancer problem,
which is followed by a detailed discussion on
theories of cancer etiology, including radiation,
tobacco, alcohol, drugs, occupation, diet, and
other factors. The course also covers the major
cancer sites in terms of distribution of disease and
risk factors. Methodology and study designs used
in cancer research are discussed throughout the
course.
References:
Adami, H et al. 2008. Textbook of Cancer
Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, USA.
Anderson, G dan Simonton, O.C. 1999. Cancer:
50 Essential Things to Do: Revised and Updated
Edition.Plume; Rev Upd Su edition
Higginson, J et al. 2005. Human Cancer:
Epidemiology and Environmental Causes
(Cambridge Monographs on Cancer Research).
Cambridge University Press.
Schottenfeld, D. dan Fraumeni, J.F. 2006. Cancer
Epidemiology and Prevention.
Oxford University Press, USA
Silva, S.I. 1999. Cancer Epidemiology. WHO.
FK 6291/2 : Directed Learning in
Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
This is an elective course offered in Semester 2 or
3. It contributes to1 or 2 credits depending on the
workloads set by the students and lecturers. This
course aims to provide opportunities for students
to develop specific knowledge and skills in certain
aspects of Community Health which posed
tensions on epidemiology and statistics. This topic
is not fully covered in the existing compulsory and
elective courses. In this course, candidates will
need to prepare a study proposal which had been
discussed and agreed by their supervising
lecturers. Learning activities may cover library
checking, data analysis, article write-ups and
practicum or short research. Topics are not fixed
and may cover various disciplines. Evaluation will
be done based on work quality agreed by the
students and lecturers.
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH
ECONOMICS
FK 6352 : Organizational behaviour and
health personnel management
It is admitted that healthy and functional behavior
are equally important for any established
organization. It helps to maximize performance for
both personnel and organization. Throughout the
process, problems such as conflict, dissatisfaction,
de-motivation and other form of dysfunctional
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DRPH GuideBook
behaviors are easily sparked out. If these
problems are left unrecognized and unsolved, they
might aggravate tense and unhealthy situation in
the work place. Therefore, knowledge on
personnel behavior and its dynamic have to be
known so that the appropriate personnel
management efforts could be instituted to
overcome these problems. This course is offered
to those who wants to expand their knowledge on
personnel management. As an advance subject,
the candidate therefore, must have some basic
knowledge on management especially on health
care system and its related fields. This two units
course centers mainly at human behavior as a
main modifiable factor for personnel and
organizational development. It is divided into two
main areas. First, shall be focused on
understanding of personnel behavior and its
dynamic – different type of behavior, associated
contributory factors, implication and its
characteristics. Whilst on the second, course shall
concentrates more towards personnel
management strategies – planning, appraising,
development and others form of personnel and
organizational related activities.
References:
Sehermerhon, J.R. Hunt, J.G & Osborn, R.N.
2000. Managing Organisational Behaviour. John
Wiley and Sons, New York.
Fottler, M.D., Hernandez, S.R & Joiner, C.L. 2000.
Strategic Management of Human Resources in
Health Services Organization. John Wiley and
Sons, 4nd Ed.
Stephen, M. S.& Arnold, D. K.. 2005 . Health Care
Management: Organization Design and Behavior
Prentice Hall Inc. Seth B.G 2005. Principles of
Health Care Management: Compliance
Consumerism and Accountability in the 21st
Century . Prentice Hall Inc.
FK 6343 : Hospital Management
This course emphasises on hospital management
procedures from physical and services planning,
all aspects of administration, financing and costs
control and marketing of the hospital. This course
will provide basic efficiency skills among students
to help develop in them a quality management
team, so that they will be capable to discharge all
management functions effectively in the field of
human capital, finance and goods, hospital’s micro
planning and to portray a corporate and quality
image of the hospital administration. Candidates
will also acquire skills on information management
for administrative purpose. This course will also be
of assistance to planners from all levels of health
administration.
Department of Community Health UKMMC
References:
Achieving Excellence in Clinical Governance.
2011. Framework Document and Companion
Guide for the Integrated Management for Quality,
Safety and Risk in the Malaysian Health Care
System. Patient Safety Council of Malaysia and
Quality of Medical Care Section Medical
Development Division, MoH.
Zaheed-Ud-Din-Babar et al. 2010. The Reality of
Medicine Prices In Malaysia. Universiti Sains
Malaysia Pulau Pinang.
Syed Aljunid et al. 2013. Sistem Casemix untuk
Pemula. Konsep dan Aplikasi Untuk Negara
Berkembang, Penerapan di Indonesia. CV Energy
Printing, Indonesia.
Robbin, S.P.2002. Management Concepts and
Practice. Prentice-Hall Inc. New Jersey
Shonell, S.M. & Kaluzzy, A.D. 2000. Health Care
Management : A Text in Organizational Theory
and Behavior. John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey,
nd
4 . Ed.
FK 6342 : Management of Health Information
in Health Care System
This course discusses on compiling and usage of
data in health care system for the purpose of
planning, research and problem-solving in health
& service areas. Focus will be channelled towards
strategy and technical analysis, alternative
selection, efficiency assessment and usage of
computers in the field of health care management.
This course is a 1-hour lecture and a session of 2-
hour practical per week.
References:
Wickham,F. Lee DBA,John P, Glaser &
Burns.2005.Managing healthcare information
systems: Approach for health care executives.
Mervat Abdelhak,Sara Grostick Mary,2007. Health
information:management of a strategic .
Merit 2002. Information management for health
care professional health information management
series.
Mc Lachlan G. and Shegog R.A. (eds). Computers
in the Service of Medicine.Vol.I-III. Oxford
University Press, 1986
FK 6363 : Health Economics
This course covers theory of microeconomics
analysis and its application in health service and
problems associate with it in organisation, delivery
and financial in health service; economical
analysis as a basic tool in decision making to an
individual and community at large; demand and
offer in health and medicine, analysis of
resources; preparation and process of health
budget. This course will also discuss aspects of
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DRPH GuideBook
accounting, value expectation theory, financial
modelling, analysis of economics impact, financial
resources, financial extrapolation cost-effective
analysis and cost-benefit in planning and
evaluating of health services. It will also
emphasise on computer usage in health
economics. This course will be conducted for 2
hours of lecture and 1 session of practical for 2
hours each week.
References:
Drummond, M.F., Sculpher, M.J., Torrance, G.W.
& O’Brien, B.J. 2005. Methods for the Economic
Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. Third
Edition. United Kingdom: Oxford Medical
Publications.
Creese, A. & Parker, D. 1994. Cost Analysis in
Primary Health Care: A Training Manual for
Programme Managers. Geneva: World Health
Organization.
Getzen, T.E. 2003. Health Economics:
Fundamentals and Flow of Funds. Second
Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
FK 6382 : Management Seminar
Candidates who are taking specialization in health
management are required to prepare a proposal
regarding current issues in health management.
The papers will be presented in the form of
seminar. This course will be conducted by
presenting seminar for 4 hours every 2 weeks.
Jurnal:
World Health Statistics Quarterly: WHO.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization: WHO
WHO Chronicle: WHO.
FK 6491/2: Directed Learning in Health and
Hospital Management
This is an elective course offered in Semester 2 or
3. It contributes to1 or 2 credits depending on the
workloads set by the students and lecturers. This
course aims to provide opportunities for students
to develop specific knowledge and skills in certain
aspects of Community Health which posed
tensions on health management. This topic is not
fully covered in the existing compulsory and
elective courses. In this course, candidates will
need to prepare a study proposal which had been
discussed and agreed by their supervising
lecturers. Learning activities may cover library
checking, data analysis, article write-ups and
practicum or short research. Topics are not fixed
and may cover various disciplines. Evaluation will
be done based on work quality agreed by the
students and lecturers.
Department of Community Health UKMMC
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
FK 7131: Industrial Hygiene
The aim of this course is to introduce the students
with the principles of industrial hygiene. It includes
the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and
control of hazards in the work place. Emphasis is
given to the control measures such as engineering
method, administrative methods and personal
protective equipments
References:
Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene. 2002. 5th Ed.
Plog BA, Quinlan, PJ, eds.
NIOSH. 2005. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
US Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health and Service, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Publication No. 2005-149.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health.
AIHA. 2002. Emergency Response Planning
Guidelines, American Industrial Hygiene
Association.
ACGIH. 2006. Threshold Limit Values and
Biological Exposure Indices, Publication No. 0106.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists.
American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2003.
The Occupational Environment: Its Evaluation,
Control, and Management, 2nd Ed. DiNardi SR.
FK 7141 : Ergonomics
This course covered study of accomodation of
work to suit human’s physiology, anatomy as well
as psychology. It also discusses on the
prevention and control of ergonomic-related
diseases.
References:
Kroemer KHE & Grandjean E. 2001. Fitting the
th
task to human, 5 Ed. Tailor and Francis Ltd.
ILO. 2003. Ergonomics checkpoints. MDC
Publishers.
ILO. 2004. Work Improvement in Small Enterprise.
International Labour Office.
Violante F, Armstrong T & Kilbom A. 2000.
Occupational Ergonomics: Work-related
Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Limb and
Back. London: Taylor & Francis.
Londy F.J. 1985. Psychology fo Work Behavior.
The Dorsery Press, Homewood, Illnois.
FK 7121: Occupational Safety and Health
Legislation
The aim of this course is to introduce the students
to the occupational safety and health legislation in
11
DRPH GuideBook
Malaysia. Factories And Machinery Act 1967 and
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 will be
the basis of discussion in this course. Students will
also be exposed to other legislation related to
occupational safet and health and compensation
of injury due to work and disability assessment.
References:
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and
Regulations
Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and
Regulations
Employees’ Social Security Act 1969 and
Regulations
Pesticides Act 1974
Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 and
Regulations
FK 7193 : Occupational Health Practicum
This course provides knowledge and basic skills
that are required from an occupational safety and
health practitioner. Students will be trained to
perform and analyse the results of occupational
safety and health activities such as exposure
monitoring and medical surveillance.
References:
Stellman JM. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
th
and Safety, 4 Ed. 1998. International Labour
Office.
LaDou, J. 2004. Current Occupational and
rd
Environmental Medicine, 3 Ed.New York: Lange
MedicalBooks.
Noor Hassim Ismail. 2002. Program Perlindungan
Pendengaran Pekerja. Kuala Lumpur. Persatuan
Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Malaysia.
Hyatt RE, Scanlon PD, Nakamura M. 2003.
Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests, 2nd
Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Suter A. 2003. Hearing Conservation Manual, 4th
Ed. Council for Accreditation in Occupational
Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) ,
FK 7161: Epidemiology of Occupational
Health
This course included of epidemilogy of
occupational health and epidemiological methods
in occupational health research/ study.
References:
Karnoven M. and Mikheer M.I. 1987.
Epidemiology of Occupational Health.. World
Health Organization, Copenhagen.
Department of Community Health UKMMC
Checkoway H, Pearce N & Crawford-Brown DJ.
2004. Research Methods in Occupational
nd
Epidemiology. 2 Ed Oxford University Press.
McDonald C. 2000. Epidemiology of Work Related
nd
Diseases, 2 Ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group
Chorney W. & Fragala G. 1999. The Epidemic of
Health Care Work Injury: An Epidemiology.
Florida: CRC Press LLC
Occupational & Environmental Medicine Online
Journal. http://oem.bmjjournals.com/
FK 7282: Occupational Safety and Health Risk
Assessment and Management
This course focuses on the concept of risk and
risk assessment models in occupational safety
and health. It also covers the occupational safety
and health risk management which includes the
risk communication, cost-benefit analysis and
assessment on the effectiveness of control
measures.
References:
Sadhra SS & Rampal KG.1999. Occupational
Health Risk Assessment and Management.
London: Blackwell Science.
Wells G. 1996. Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment. Redwood Books.
DOSH. 2000. Assessment of the Health Risks
Arising from the Use of Hazardous Chemicals in
the Workplace.
Reese CD. 2003. Occupational Health and Safety
Management: A Practical Approach. Lewis
Publication.
FK 7172 : Occupational Health
Seminars
In this course, students will prepare and present a
working paper on relevant current issues of
occupational health. Topic on the latest procedure
to assess the exposure and effects of hazards is
chosen. Students will also need to present the
occupational health cases. This course covers a
2-hour seminar weekly.
References:
Stellman JM. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
th
and Safety, 4 Ed. 1998. International Labour
Office.
American Medical Association. 2001. Guides to
the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th
Edition.
Occupational Safety and Health Act 194.
Harding MR & Mills FJ. 1993. Aviation Medicine,
rd
3 Ed. Latimer Trend & Co.Ltd.
Ribak J, Raymon RB & Froom P. 1995.
Occupational Health in Aviation. London:
Academic Press.
12
DRPH GuideBook
Edmonds C, McKenzie B & Thomas R. 1997.
Diving Medicine for Scuba Divers.
Melbourne: J.L. Publications
FK 7181 : Operational Medicine
This course aims to improve students’ knowledge
on occupational hazards in the armed forces
(army, navy and air force). This course covers
underwater medicine, aviation medicine and
warfare support medicine. This course will
comprise lessons, visits and practical.
References:
Harding MR & Mills FJ. 1993. Aviation Medicine,
rd
3 Ed. Latimer Trend & Co.Ltd.
Ribak J, Raymon RB & Froom P. 1995.
Occupational Health in Aviation. London:
Academic Press.
Edmonds C, McKenzie B & Thomas R. 1997.
Diving Medicine for Scuba Divers. Melbourne: J.L.
Publications
FK 7212 : Clinical Occupational
Medicine
Candidates will be assigned to the Medical,
Orthopaedic, Otorhinolaryngology, Opthalmology
and Emergency Department, Radiology and
Rehabilitation Medicine clinics. They are required
to examine cases and evaluate patients’ disability.
This course covers 6-hour clinical duties including
case presentation weekly.
References:
American Medical Association. 2001. Guides to
the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, 5th
Edition.
Rosenstock L & Cullen MR. 1994. Textbook of
Clinical Occupational and Environmental
Medicine.W.B Saunders Company.
Koh, D, Chia KS & Jeyaratnam J. 2002. Textbook
of Occupational Medicine Practice. Singapore:
World Scientific.
Cox RAF, Edwards FC & Palmer K. 2000. Fitness
for Work: The Medical Aspects. Faculty of
Occupational Medicine of the Royal College of
Physicians of London.
FK 6953 : Environmental and Industrial
Toxicology
This course discussed about environmental and
industrial toxic problems and its consequences to
man and other organisms. This will covered toxic
waste, classification of toxic, measurement in
toxicology, chemical and biological mechanism
and its distribution through environment process.
Principles and methods of control of toxic waste
Department of Community Health UKMMC
will also be discussed. Candidate will be assigned
to carry out literature review and produce a report
regarding the toxic chemical.
References:
Klassen, C.D., Amdur M.O. & Doull J. (pnyt).
Toxicology : The Basic Science of Poisons. New
York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Lippmann, M. (pnyt.) 1992. Environmental
Toxicants : Human Exposures and Their Health
Effects. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Manahan, S.E. 1992. Toxicological Chemistry
2nd. edition. Chelsea: Lewis Publishers.
Landis, W.C. & Yu, M.H. 1995. Introduction to
Environmental Toxicology. Boca Raton: Lewis
Publishers.
FK 7291 / 2 : Directed Learning
in Occupational Health
This is an elective course offered in Semester 2 or
3. It contributes to 1 or 2 credits depending on the
amount of workloads set by the students and
lecturers. This course aims to provide room for
students to develop specific knowledge and skills
in certain aspects of Community Health which is
not fully covered in the existing compulsory and
elective courses. In this particular course,
candidates will need to prepare a discussed study
proposal and will be verified by their supervising
lecturers. Learning activities may cover library
checking, data analysis, article write-ups and
practicum or short research. Topics are not fixed
and may cover various disciplines. Evaluation will
be done based on work quality agreed by the
students and lecturers.
FAMILY HEALTH
FK 6553 : Physical growth and Social
development of a child
This course explains the dynamics human growth,
from the womb till adulthood. Interaction of
biological, social and environmental factors with
human’s physical, social and mental growth will
also be discussed. Reference materials and
standards used to evaluate and compare;
comparison on physical and mental development
at national and international levels will also be
discussed. This 3-unit course covers a 2-hour
lecture and an hour discussion weekly.
References:
King SN, Ellis DA, Frey MA (Ed).2004. Assessing
Children's well-being : A Handbook of Measures /
Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kagan J, Gall S (Eds).1998. The Gale
Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence;
Detroit : Gale Research.
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DRPH GuideBook
Newman PR, Newman BM. Childhood and
Adolescence. Pacific Grove, Ca. Brooks/Cole
Publishing Co. 1997
FK 6543 : POPULATION DYNAMICS
This 3-unit course discusses description and size
of population growth, influential factors and effects
of human growth to development and health within
the community. Family planning programme and
government policies in population growth
dynamics will also be discussed. In general
through this course students will discuss and
relate population changes that occurred through
births, deaths and migrations. Students will also
analyze the relationship and effects of population
growth on health, social structures, and
development. They will also discuss the effects of
fertility control measures and strategies used in
family planning programmes on population.
References:
Siegel JS & Swanson DA. The Methods and
nd
Materials of Demography. 2 Edition. Elsevier
Academic Press, San Diego 2004.
Siegel JS.Applied demography : Applications to
Business, Government, Law and Public Policy.
San Diego: Academic Press, 2002
Bulatao RA, Casterline JB (Eds) Global Fertility
Transition. Population and Development Review
Suppl 27, Population Council, New York 2001
Yaukey D, Anderton DL. Demography: The Study
of Human Population.Waveland Press Inc.
Prospect Height Illinois 2001
Hinde A. Demographic Methods. Oxford University
Press, New York 1998
FK 6532 : Adolescent Health
This course discusses biological, psychological
and social aspects in normal adolescents’
development. Candidates need to make a skeletal
structure to study adolescent health problems,
especially those related to pregnancy and drug
addiction; to discuss biological and social
repercussions which link to adolescent health
problems. Services rendered to them through
schools’ health service will also be discussed in
this course. Candidates will visit schools to
witness the school’s health activities be carried
out. This course covers a 2-hour lecture including
discussion weekly.
References:
McAnarney ER, KreipeRE, Orr DP, Comerci GD:
Textbook of Adolescent Medicine. WB Saunders
Co, Philadelphia 1992
Aten MJ and McAnarney ER. A behavioral
Approach to the care of Adolescents; St. Louis,
Mo. C. V. Mosby 1981
Department of Community Health UKMMC
Kalafatich AJ. Approach to the Care of the
Adolescent. Appleton-Century-Croft. New York,
1975.
Shen JTY. The Clinical Practise of Adolescent
Medicine. Prentice Hall Inc. New York, 1980
FK 6552 : Women and Health
This course discusses women’s role as mothers,
wives and employees and its links with women’s
health and community. It discusses conflicts and
issues faced by women while exercising their roles
in the society. The history of gender development
research, reproduction health and women’s status
in the society locally and internationally will also
be discussed. This course covers a session of 2-
hour lecture/seminar/discussion weekly.
References:
Goldman M. 2000: Women and Health, Academic
Press.
Society for the Advancement of Women, Haseltine
FP, Jacobson B. 1997. Women’s Health
Research:A Medical and Policy Primer, American
Psychiatric Press, Incorporated.
Seltzer VL, Pearse WH. 2000. Women's Primary
Health care: Office Practice and Procedures
nd
(2 Edition), McGraw-Hill Washington.
FK 6563 : Health of the Elderly
This course discusses health and non-health
problems of the elderly and its influencing factors.
It will discuss comprehensively the geriatric health
problems (physical, mental and social) and the
appropriate health planning programme to reduce
or prevent problems within this group. This course
will be conducted in the form of lessons and
seminars. A working paper which covers
comprehensive community health programme to
counter health problems of the elderly, need to be
prepared by a group of 2-4 students.
References:
Hazzard W.H., Blass J.P., Halter J.B. 2003.
Ouslander J.G., Tinetti M. Principles of Geriatric
Medicine and Gerontology. Fifth edition. McGraw-
Hill Professional.
Timiras P.S. (Editor). 2002. Physiological Basis of
Aging and Geriatrics, Third Edition..CRC Press.
Reed J. 2004. Health, well-being and Older
Ppeople. Bristol Policy Press, London.
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DRPH GuideBook
FK 6582 : Family Health Seminars
This course requires candidate to do library
checking individually on latest or controversial
local or international topics relevance to family
health. Towards end of the course candidates are
required to present a working paper and a
testimony during a seminar session.
References:
American journal of Clinical Nutrition
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
American Journal of Public Health
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal of Paediatrics
Malaysian Journal of Reproductive Health
Obstetrics and Gynaecology Survey
Social Science and Medicine
FK 6722: Research methodology seminar on
family health
Research in family health covers a wide range of
issues involving individuals or group of people
throughout their lifecycle. Research priority in
family health targeted the following groups:
maternal and perinatal, child, adolescent, women,
elderly and person with disability. This is in line
with the services provided to the public. Currently
men’s health has been considered as another
important issue to cater. As a family health expert
or we may call ourselves family health
epidemiologist or physician, we must have a
collective competence including epidemiology and
statistic, and not to forget, the ability to justify and
conduct research. This is a two (2) unit course
offered to post-graduate candidates who
specializes in the field of family health.
References:
Mack,N. Natasha mack • Macqueen,ck. Guest ,G.
and Namey,E.:2005. Qualitative research
methods: A data collector’s Field guide, FHI,ISBN:
0-939704-98-6.
Ann Bowling, 1996. Research Methods in Health:
rd
Investigating Health and Health Services,3
edition, Open University press.
FK 6691/2 : Directed Learning in
Family Health
This is an elective course offered in Semester 2 or
3. It contributes to1 or 2 credits depending on the
workloads set by the students and lecturers. This
course aims to provide opportunities for students
to develop specific knowledge and skills in certain
aspects of Community Health which posed
tensions on family health. This topic is not fully
covered in the existing compulsory and elective
courses. In this course, candidates will need to
Department of Community Health UKMMC
prepare a study proposal which had been
discussed and agreed by their supervising
lecturers. Learning activities may cover library
checking, data analysis, article write-ups and
practicum or short research. Topics are not fixed
and may cover various disciplines. Evaluation will
be done based on work quality agreed by the
students and lecturers.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
FK 6912 : Environmental Sanitation
and Engineering
This course scrutinises ties between sanitation
requirement and diseases, availability and
maintenance of sanitation facilities to urban and
rural communities. It covers lessons on water
supply, faeces/waste disposal, wastewater,
garbage disposal, domestic nutritional sanitation
and vectors control. It also covers visits to various
community sanitation facilities. This course covers
2-hour lecture weekly and 5 visits during the
course duration.
References:
Salvato, J.A, Nemerow, N.L. & Agardy, F.J. 2003.
th
Environmental Engineering. 5 Edition. Hoboken,
N.J.: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Tchobanoglous, G., Franklin Louis Burton, H.,
David Stensel, Metcalf & Eddy. 2003. Wastewater
th
engineering: treatment and reuse. 4 Edition.
University of Michigan: McGraw Hill.
Baljeet S Kapoor. 2001. Environmental Sanitation:
A Useful Text for Students of Environmental
Engineering and a Ready Reference for Designers
and Planners. S. Chand.
Deverill, P., Bibby, S., Wedgewood, A. & Smout, I.
2002. Designing water supply and sanitation
projects to meet demand in rural and peri-urban
communities. Book 1. Concept, principles and
practice. WEDC, Loughborough University.
Frank Woodard, Woodard & Curran, Inc. 2006.
nd
Industrial waste treatment handbook. 2 Edition.
Butterworth-Heinemann.
FK 6932 : Water and Air Quality
This course focuses on air and water pollution at
national and international levels, its effects to the
ecological balance and human health. It will
discuss sources and types of polluters, its
methods of dissemination, monitoring and
assessment of the pollution, prevention and
control. This course covers a 2-hour lecture
weekly.
References:
National Research Council. 1977. Drinking water
and health. Washington D.C. : National Academy
of Sciences.
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DRPH GuideBook
World Health Organization. 1993. Guidelines for
drinking water quality. Geneva : World Health
Organization
Stern A.C. et al. 1984. Fundamentals of air
nd
pollution. 2 edition. San Diego : Academic
Press, Inc.
Zaini Ujang. 1997. Pengenalan pencemaran
udara. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka.
Nevers D.E. 2000. Air pollution control
engineering. Singapore : McGraw-Hill.
Sham Sani. 1987. Urbanization and the
atmospheric environment in the low tropics :
Experiences from the Kelang Valley region,
Malaysia. Bangi : Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia.
Chow J.C. 1995. Measurement methods to
determine compliance with ambient air quality
standards for suspended particles. J. Air & Waste
Manage Assoc. 45 : 320-382.
Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974 (Akta 127) dan
peraturan-peraturan.
FK 6933 : Environmental
Assessment
This course emphasises on characteristics of a
desirable environmental assessment process,
which includes indicator measurement activities,
assessment and observation. Specific focus will
be on design of the assessment programme,
appropriate biological, chemical and physical
indicator selection sampling technique, in-situ and
laboratory measurement procedure, data
processing, exposure and risk assessment, and
usage of models in assessment. This course
covers a 2-hour lesson weekly, a 2-hour practical
fortnightly and 2 visits during the course.
References:
Louvar, J.F. and Louvar, B.D. 1998.Health and
Environmental Risk Analysis : Fundamentals with
Applications. Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey,
Hallenbeck, W.H. 1993. Quantitative Risk
Assessment for Environmental and Occupational
Health, 2nd Edition. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea,
Covello, V.T. and Merkhofer, M.W.1993. Risk
Assessment Methods : Approaches for Assessing
Health and Environmental Risks. Plenum Press,
New York.
LaGrega, M.D., Buckingham, P.L. and Evans, J.C.
1994.Hazardous Waste Management. McGraw-
Hill, Inc., Singapore.
Paustebach, D.J.1989. The Risk Assessment of
Environmental and Human Health Hazards : A
Textbook of Case Studies. John Wiley and Sons
Inc., New York.
Rau, J.G. and Wooten, 1980.D.C. Environmental
Impact Analysis Handbook. Mc Graw- Hill
Publishing Company, New York.
Department of Community Health UKMMC
FK 6953 : Environmental and
Industrial Toxicology
This course discusses problems of toxic
substances from the environment and industry
and its effects to human beings and living things. It
covers types of toxic materials, classification of
toxicological effects, toxicological assessment,
chemical and biological mechanism of toxic
substances, and its dissemination through the
environment. The principles and procedures on
controlling of materials and toxic wastes will also
be explained. Candidates will be assigned to
conduct library research and make reports on
certain toxic substances. This course covers a 2-
hour lecture weekly and a 2-hour practical
fortnightly.
References:
Klassen, C.D, Amdur, M.O. and Doull, J. (Eds.)
1986.Toxicology : The Basic Science of Poisons,
3rd Edition. Macmilian Publishing Company, New
York.
Hodgson, E. and Levi, P.E. (Eds.). 2000. A
Textbook of Modern Toxicology. McGraw-Hill,
Singapore.
Lippmann, M.(Ed.) 1992. Environmental Toxicants
: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects. Van
Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Manahan, S.E. 1992. Toxicological Chemistry,
2nd Edition. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea.
Williams, P.L. and Burson, J.L. (Eds.).1985.
Industrial Toxicology : Safety and Health
Applications in the Workplace. Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York.
FK 6963 : Food Quality Control and
Safety
This course covers discussion on food and water-
borne diseases, its principles and procedures on
food quality control. Procedures like pasteurisation
of milk and irradiation of foods will be discussed.
Contents of the Food Act 1983 will be scrutinised
from the food quality standard’s perspective,
observation activities and Acts enforcement. This
course covers a 2-hour lecture weekly and visits to
places related to food quality control.
References:
Sprenger, R.A.1995. Hygiene for Management: A
text for food hygiene courses. Doncaster, South
Yorkshire, U.K.: Highfield Publications.
Birch, G.G. & Parker, K.J. (pnyt). 1980. Food and
Health: Science and Technology. Essex: Applied
Science Publishers Ltd..
Reilly, C. 1991. Metal Contamination of Food.
Essex: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.
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DRPH GuideBook
Davies, F.G. 1977. Clay’s Handbook of
Environmental Health. London: H.K. Lewis & Co.
Ltd.
Malaysian standards handbook on processes in
the food industry: standards on halal food,
HACCP, food hygiene & guidelines for ISO 9001
for food and drink industry / SIRIM Berhad. Shah
Alam: SIRIM Berhad. 2005.
FK 7091/2: Directed Learning in Environmental
Health
This is an elective course offered in Semester 2 or
3. It contributes to1 or 2 credits depending on the
workloads set by the students and lecturers. This
course aims to provide opportunities for students
to develop specific knowledge and skills in certain
aspects of Community Health which posed
tensions on environmental health. This topic is not
fully covered in the existing compulsory and
elective courses. In this course, candidates will
need to prepare a study proposal which had been
discussed and agreed by their supervising
lecturers. Learning activities may cover library
checking, data analysis, article write-ups and
practicum or short research. Topics are not fixed
and may cover various disciplines. Evaluation will
be done based on work quality agreed by the
students and lecturers.
HEALTH PROMOTION
FK 7513: Health Communication
This course aims to develop communication skills
in health care setting. Throughout the course,
candidate is required to analyse various
communication issues commonly seen and
capable to jeopardise smooth delivery of the
health care. In this course candidate is asked to
make a health communication diagnosis and plan
the best health communication strategy to address
those issues.
References:
Peter G. Northouse and Laurel J. Northouse,
1997. Health Communication: Strategies for
rd
Health Professionals (3 ed). Prentice Hall.
Jerry C. Parker and Dr. Esther Thorson, 2008.
Health Communication in the New Media
Landscape. Springer Publishing Company
Gwen Van Servellen, 2008. Communication Skills
for the Health Professional: Concepts, Practice,
nd
and Evidence (2 ed). Jones & Bartlett
Publishers.
Kim Witte, Gary Meyer, and Dennis P. Martell,
2001. Effective Health Risk Messages: A Step-By-
Step Guide. Sage Publications
Renata Schiavo, 2007. Health Communication:
From Theory to Practice. Jossey-Bass
Department of Community Health UKMMC
FK7332: Patient Education
This course aims to expose the candidate in a real
practise of patient education. Candidate is
required to analyse various behavioural issues in
clinical setting that affecting patient’s compliance
and adherence to the medical procedures and
management. In this course candidate is asked to
make a plan on certain issue that is currently
highlighted.
References:
John Murtagh, 2008. John Murtagh's Patient
Education. McGraw-Hill Book Company Australia;
Australian edition
Susan Bastable, 2005. Essentials Of Patient
st
Education (1 ed), Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Kate Lorig, 2001 Patient Education: A Practical
rd
Approach (3 ed), Sage Publications
Stephen Moore, 2004. Griffith's Instructions for
th
Patients (7 Edition), Saunders
Donna R. Falvo, 2004. Effective Patient
rd
Education: A Guide to Increased Compliance (3
Ed), Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
FK 7931 /2: Directed Learning in Health
Promotion
This module is offered only to DrPH students to
prepare them the teaching skills and facilitating
skills. The DRPH student is given a group of
undergraduate medical students and master
students in basic community health courses to
facilitate. The DrPH students are asked to guide
and facilitate the small group in preparation of
research project (4 sessions/ 4 hours), prepare a
community health development seminar (2
sessions /2 hours), tutorials (2 sessions for each
unit basic community health courses / 6 hours). It
carries 1 credit or 2 credits subject to supervisors
agreement on learning contract and assessment.
A lecture on facilitation technique (2 hours) is
provided to the DrPH students before assigned
them a small group to facilitate.
17
DRPH GuideBook Department of Community Health UKMMC

B.A. (Macalester), M.Sc. (Minn.), Ph.D. (Michigan)

LIST OF ACADEMIC STAFF
Epidemiology and Statistics
Professor. Dr. Shamsul Azhar Shah
MD (UKM), MCommHealth (UKM), PhD(Niigata)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azmi Mohd Tamil
MD (UKM), MPH (UKM)
Assoc. Prof. Dr.Zaleha Md. Isa
Bachelor in Science (UKM), PHD (UKM)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Hasni Jaafar
MD (USM), MPH (UKM)
Assoc. Prof. Dr.Mazrura Sahani
MD, MSc (Public Health), PhD (Environmental
Management for Health)

Dr.Nazarudin Safian Assoc. Prof. Dr.Rozita Hod

MBBS (UM), MCommHealth (UKM) MD (UKM), MCommHealth (UKM)

Dr.Rohaizat Hassan Occupational Health

MD (USM), MCommHealth (UKM)
Dr.Norfazilah Ahmad
MD (USM), MCommHealth (UKM)
Dr.Azmawati Mohammad Nawi
MD (USM), MCommHealth (UKM)
Health Management and Economics
Professor. Dr. Noor Hassim Ismail
MD (UKM), Msc. Occ. Med. (Sing.)
Dr.Halim Ismail
MD (University of Ireland), MPH (UKM)
Dr Rosnah Ismail
MD, MPH (UKM)

Prof. Dato’ Dr. Syed Mohamed Aljunid Health Promotion

MD (UKM), MSc.PH (Sing.), PhD (London)
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Khalib Latip
Professor. Dr.Mohd. Rizal Abdul Manaf MD (UKM), MPH (Philiphine)
MD (UKM), MCommHealth (UKM), PHD (UKM)
Dr Faiz Daud
Professor Dr. Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh MD, MPH (Australia)
DP (UKM), MCommHealth (UKM), PhD (UNU-
IIGH;UKM) Contact address:
Assoc. Prof. Dr.Rosnah Sutan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aniza Ismail Coordinator Program DrPH, UKMMC, Jln. Yaakob
DP (UKM), MCommHealth (UKM) PhD (UNU- latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala
IIGH;UKM) Lumpur, Malaysia. Facimile: +603-91456670
Telephone: +603-91455896, email:
Dr.Azimatun Noor Aizudin rosnah_sutan@yahoo.com or
MD (UKM), MCommHealth (UKM) rosnah@medic.ukm.my

Family Health

Professor. Dr. Khadijah Shamsuddin

MBBCh (Cairo), MPH, M.S. (Havard), Dr.Ph.
(Havard)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rosnah Sutan

MD (USM), MPH (UM), Ph.D. (Aberdeen), SRH
postdoctoral cert.(WHO/GFMER)

Dr.Idayu Badillah Idris

MD(UM), MPH (UKM), PhD (Warrick UK)

Dr Hasanain Faisal Ghazi

MD, MCHS (family health UKM), PhD(UKM)

Environmental Health

Professor. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim

18