Demag Test Card Presentation PDF

Transformer demagnetization
with CPC 100 + CP SB1
© OMICRON 27 February 2014

Structure
> Why demagnetization

> Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> Influence of remanence on diagnostic measurements
> Exciting current measurement
> FRA measurement
> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer

> Demagnetization results
> FRA verification
© OMICRON Page 2
Structure

> FRA measurement

> FRA verification
© OMICRON Page 3
Influence of remanence on the inrush current
> When energyzing a transformer a transient current called “Inrush current”

will flow for several cycles
> Remanence in the core can lead to too high Inrush Current and mechanical
forces which can damage the transformer
© OMICRON Page 4
Structure

> FRA measurement

> FRA verification
© OMICRON Page 5
Influence of remanence on exciting current
Exciting current measurement

> The exciting current measurement is a method to find
failures or defects in the core.
> A magnetised core has a big influence on the exciting current and
can lead to a wrong interpretation of the measurements.
> It is recommended to perform an exciting current measurement before the
winding resistance measurements or to demagnetize the transformer.
© OMICRON Page 6
Influence of remanence on exciting current
Exciting current @ 2 kV
0.02A
U with remanence
V with remanence
0.018A W with remanence
U without remanence
0.016A V without remanence
W without remanence
0.014A
0.012A
0.01A
0.008A
0.006A
0.004A
0.002A
0.0A A demagnetized core is essential for a relailable

exciting current measurement.
© OMICRON Page 7
Structure

> FRA measurement

> FRA verification
© OMICRON Page 8
Influence of remanence on FRA measurements
FRA measurement
> Remanence in a transformer has a big influence on
the FRA measurment.
> Before performing a FRA measurement the transformer
must be demagnetised.
> The FRA measurement is also a good method to verify
whether a transformer is demagnetized.
© OMICRON Page 9
Interpretation ranges of the FRA measurement
Remanence has a big influence

on the first resonance points.
© OMICRON Page 10
Typical FRA pattern without remanence

> The phases on the outer limbs (typically A and C) should be similar and
should show two resonance points due to two different long magnetic paths.
Phase A
A B C
Phase C
Phase B
Remanence will move the

resonance points to the right
(higher frequencies).
© OMICRON Page 11
> Why is the curve moving to the right if the core is magnetised?
> As explained in a previous slide, once the core saturates however, the winding inductance
appears greatly reduced. Or in other works Ldemagnetised is larger than Lmagnetised Ldemag >
Lmag. A resonance point in the FRA cruve is always a combination of a Capacitance C and an
inductance L which can be shown in an equivalent circuit diagram. A resonance condition is
expressed by the formula fo=1/(2*phi*sqrt(L*C)). Therefore, if L is getting smaller, which is the
case of a magentised core, the fo is getting larger and therefore the resonance point in the FRA
curve is moving to the right
© OMICRON Page 12
Structure

> FRA measurement

> FRA verification
© OMICRON Page 13
Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
Demagnetization
> The demagnetization is done on
the primary side of the
transformer.
> For the measurement the V1 AC
as well as the V DC
measurement inputs have to be
connected.
© OMICRON Page 14
> The demagnetization routine is available as test card on the CPC 100s
front panel and within the Primary Test Manager™ (PTM).
CPC 100 Demag test card
© OMICRON Page 15
> The demagnetization routine is available as test card on the CPC 100s
front panel and within the Primary Test Manager™ (PTM).
Demagnetization test within PTM
© OMICRON Page 16
Power transformer demagnetization routine
> Demagnetization can be done with rated voltage at rated frequency or

alternatively with reduced voltage at reduced frequency.
© OMICRON Page 17
> What to consider if demagnetisation is done with reduced voltage @

reduced frequency.
> To calculate the flux in the core we need to know the winding resistance.
i
A
u V L
=
u(t) = L* ∗
ФL = ∗
© OMICRON Page 18
The right way of demagnetizating a power transformer

with reduced voltage at reduced frequency
> The CPC 100 demagnetization algorithm is an intelligent iterative process
depending on the hysteresis loop parameters. This enables the
demagnetization of small distribution transformers as well as for big power
transformers.
1. Calculation of the hysteresis loop
parameter by measuring the
current, voltage and the core flux.
2. With the knowledge of the

hysteresis parameters and
continuous monitoring the flux Ф
and exciting current Iexc the flux is
regulated to reach zero
magnetization.
3. Demagnetization process is
finished when the remaining
remanence flux is below 1 % of
the maximum flux.
© OMICRON Page 19
Structure

> FRA measurement

> FRA verification
© OMICRON Page 20
Case study on a 350 MVA transformer
Transformer data
Manufacturer Trafo-Union
Man. year 1971
Type TFSN 8556
Vector group YNyn0
Rating 350 MVA
HV rating 400,000 kV
LV rating 30,000 kV
Initial FRA DC – winding FRA – verification

verification resistance after DC test
Demagnetization FRA – verification after

routine demag. routine
© OMICRON Page 21
Results
> Current: 6 A
> Max. flux: +/- 712.7 VS
> Iterations: 18
> Initial remanence: 98.2 %
> Remaining flux: -0.8 %
> Demagnetization time: 5 min
© OMICRON Page 22
FRA after DC winding

resistance test on phase B
FRA after demagnetization

with the CPC 100
© OMICRON Page 23
Phase A
Initial FRA verification
After DC test
After demagnetization
© OMICRON Page 24
Phase B
After DC test
© OMICRON Page 25
Phase C
After DC test
© OMICRON Page 26
Benefits of demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1
> Efficient process because no additional wiring effort is needed when

already using the CP SB1 in combination with the CPC 100
> Short demagnetization time
> With the CPC 100 demagnetization algorithm the demagnetization of
small distribution transformers as well as for big power transformers
can be done
> Demagnetization will reduce the inrush current
> Demagnetization before routine or diagnostic tests will
ensure correct results
© OMICRON Page 27

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Transformer demagnetization

with CPC 100 + CP SB1

© OMICRON 27 February 2014

> Why demagnetization

> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1

> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer

> Why demagnetization

> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1

> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer

> When energyzing a transformer a transient current called “Inrush current”

> Why demagnetization

> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1

> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer

Exciting current measurement

0.0A A demagnetized core is essential for a relailable

> Why demagnetization

> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1

> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer

Interpretation ranges of the FRA measurement

Remanence has a big influence

Typical FRA pattern without remanence

Remanence will move the

> Why demagnetization

> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1

> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer

CPC 100 Demag test card

> Demagnetization can be done with rated voltage at rated frequency or

> What to consider if demagnetisation is done with reduced voltage @

The right way of demagnetizating a power transformer

2. With the knowledge of the

> Why demagnetization

> Demagnetization with CPC 100 + CP SB1

> Case study on a 350 MVA transformer

Initial FRA DC – winding FRA – verification

Demagnetization FRA – verification after

FRA after DC winding

FRA after demagnetization

Initial FRA verification

Initial FRA verification

Initial FRA verification

> Efficient process because no additional wiring effort is needed when

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