Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aim
1.3 Advantages of Project

1
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

1.1 Introduction:
Now a days we all are used latest technology in our routing life. Then we are used easy and
batter technology in our life.so in this project we make this type of device which is easy to
use and easily control our room temperature and humidity using some embedded equipment.

We are making a system which is controlled our room temperature and humidity of our room
respectively to environment.in this project we are used DHT11 sensor which is sense our
room temperature and humidity.

We can also use the Arduino Nano. Arduino Nano is controller and it is heart of all over
system of our project. We can show more feature of Arduino Nano in the next chapters.

We can know today home automation is latest technology in the automation word. it is give
best to best performance in our routing life. So we can choose a home automation related
project and making a device which is very useful in human life.

In this project we can controlled our room temperature easily. When the room temperature is
increased then cooler or A.C. is turn off and down the temperature. in temperature is
decreased then the heater is turn on and increase our room temperature.

1.2 AIM:
To make this type of device which is controlled and maintain our room temperature and
humidity using DHT11 sensor and Arduino Nano.

2
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

1.3 Advantages Of Project

1. Low cost
2. Very small size.
3. Unmatched robustness & EM protection
4. Speed is very fast.
5. Easily programmable.
6. Highest accuracy in this sensor.
7. Low power consumption

3
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

Chapter 2: System Block Diagram

2.1 System Block Diagram:

Power
Supply

DHT11 Arduino
sensor Nano LCD Display

Relay
driver

Cooler Heater

4
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

In the system block diagram we can show that the power supply and sensor both are input of
Arduino nano.where led display, relay driver, cooler and heater are output of Arduino.
When we can connect this all block in the sequence of respectively then the power supply is
connect with the Arduino nano and sensor also connect with Arduino Nano.
The sesnsor can be detecting the situation of environment and give data to Arduino. We can
show the condition in the LCD display.
When temperature is increased then the cooler is turn off when the temperature is maintains
then it is turn off automatically.
If temperature is decrease then the cooler is turn on and maintain the temperature.

Chapter 3 : Detail Description Of Blocks:

5
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

3.1 arduino nano

3.2 DHT11 sensor
3.3 LCD display
3.4 relay driver
3.5 other small components

6
8 D2 & D3 External Interrupt Pins.

• Introduction to Arduino Nano

• Arduino Nano is a small, compatible, flexible and breadboard friendly
Microcontroller board, developed by Arduino.cc in Italy, based
on ATmega328p ( Arduino Nano V3.x)  / Atmega168 ( Arduino Nano V3.x).
• It comes with exactly the same functionality as in Arduino UNO but quite in
small size.
• It comes with an operating voltage of 5V, however, the input voltage can vary
from 7 to 12V.
• Arduino Nano Pinout contains 14 digital pins, 8 analog Pins, 2 Reset Pins &
6 Power Pins.
• Each of these Digital & Analog Pins are assigned with multiple functions but
their main function is to be configured as input or output.
• They are acted as input pins when they are interfaced with sensors, but if you
are driving some load then use them as output.
• Functions like pinMode() and digitalWrite()  are used to control the operations
of digital pins while analogRead() is used to control analog pins.
• The analog pins come with a total resolution of 10bits which measure the
value from zero to 5V.
• Arduino Nano comes with a crystal oscillator of frequency 16 MHz. It is used to
produce a clock of precise frequency using constant voltage.
• There is one limitation using Arduino Nano i.e. it doesn’t come with DC power
jack, means you can not supply external power source through a battery.
• This board doesn’t use standard USB for connection with a computer, instead,
it comes with Mini USB support.
• Tiny size and breadboard friendly nature make this device an ideal choice for
most of the applications where a size of the electronic components are of great
 concern.
• Flash memory is 16KB or 32KB that all depends on the Atmega board i.e
Atmega168 comes with 16KB of flash memory while Atmega328 comes with a
flash memory of 32KB. Flash memory is used for storing code. The 2KB of
memory out of total flash memory is used for a bootloader.

• The SRAM can vary from 1KB or 2KB and EEPROM is 512 bytes or 1KB for
Atmega168 and Atmega328respectively.
• This board is quite similar to other Arduino boards available in the market, but
the small size makes this board stand out from others.
• Following figure shows the specifications of Arduino Nano Board.
• It is programmed using Arduino IDE which is an Integrated Development
Environment that runs both offline and online.
• No prior arrangements are required to run the board. All you need is board,
mini USB cable and Arduino IDE software installed on the computer. USB
cable is used to transfer the program from computer to the board.
• No separate burner is required to compile and burn the program as this board
comes with a built-in boot-loader.
Arduino Nano
Arduino NanoPinout
Pinout
Following figure shows the pinout of Arduino Nano Board.
Reset. Reset pin is added on the board that resets the board. It is very helpful when
running program goes too complex and hangs up the board. LOW value to the reset pin will
reset the controller.

Analog Pins. There are 8 analog pins on the board marked as A0 – A7. These pins are
used to measure the analog voltage ranging between 0 to 5V.

Rx, Tx. These pins are used for serial communication where Tx represents the
transmission of data while Rx represents the data receiver.

13. This pin is used to turn on the built-in LED.

AREF. This pin is used as a reference voltage for the input voltage.
PWM. Six pins 3,5,6,9,10, 11 can be used for providing 8-pit PWM (Pulse Width Modulation
) output. It is a method used for getting analog results with digital sources.
SPI. Four pins 10(SS),11(MOSI),12(MISO),13(SCK) are used for SPI (Serial Peripheral
Interface). SPI is an interface bus and mainly used to transfer data between
microcontrollers and other peripherals like sensors, registers, and SD card.
External Interrupts. Pin 2 and 3 are used as external interrupts which are used in case of
emergency when we need to stop the main program and call important instructions at that
point. The main program resumes once interrupt instruction is called and executed.
I2C. I2C communication is developed using A4 and A5 pins where A4 represents the serial
data line (SDA) which carries the data and A5 represents the serial clock line (SCL) which
is a clock signal, generated by the master device, used for data synchronization between
the devices on an I2C bus.

Applications

Arduino Nano is a very useful device that comes with a wide range of applications and
covers less space as compared to other Arduino board. Breadboard friendly nature makes it
stand out from other board. Following are the main applications of the board.
 

• Each pin on the Nano board comes with a specific function associated with it.
• We can see the analog pins that can be used as an analog to digital converter
where A4 and A5 pins can also be used for I2C communication. Similarly,
there are 14 digital pins, out of which 6 pins are used for generating PWM.
Pin Discription
Pin Description
Vin. It is input power supply voltage to the board when using an external power source of 7
to 12 V.

5V. It is a regulated power supply voltage of the board that is used to power the controller
and other components placed on the board.

3.3V. This is a minimum voltage generated by the voltage regulator on the board.

GND. These are the ground pins on the board. There are multiple ground pins on the board
that can be interfaced accordingly when more than one ground pin is required.
• Arduino Metal Detector
• Real-Time Face Detection
• Medical Instruments
• Industrial Automation
• Android Applications
• GSM Based Projects
• Embedded Systems

• Automation and Robotics

• Home Automation and Defense Systems
• Virtual Reality Applications
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

3.2 DHT11 Sensor

DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature Sensor, which generates calibrated digital output.
DHT11 can be interface with any microcontroller like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. and get
instantaneous results. DHT11 is a low cost humidity and temperature sensor which provides
high reliability and long term stability.
In this project, we will build a small circuit to interface Arduino with DHT11 Temperature
and Humidity Sensor. One of the main applications of connecting DTH11 sensor with
Arduino is weather monitoring.
We have already seen about humidity, relative humidity, humidity sensors and their types in
this article.

8
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

3.3 LCD Display

Fig. 4: 20*4 LCD display

Liquid crystal displayer LCD draws its definition from its name itself.
It is combination of two states of matter, the solid and the liquid.
LCD’s technologies allow displays to be much thinner when compared to cathode ray tube (
CRT) technology.
In this project LCD display is use for indication of level of tank.

Specification:
Sr.no. Parameter Rating
1. Supply voltage 2.5 to 5.5V
2. Supply current 1.5 to 2.5mA
3. Response time (rise) 250ms
4. Response time (fall) 350ms
5. Backlight supply voltage 3.0 V
6. Backlight supply current 16mA

9
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

3.4 Relay Driver

Fig.5: relay driver module

For demonstrating the working of this Relay Module, we have used an Arduino nano board
for controlling relays.
We have connected relay with Arduino pin. We have used 12v adapter for powering the
circuit.
Then we have connected 12v pump at the terminal block of the PCB board and 12 v supply is
also applied to the board.

10
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

Chapter 4: Circuit Diagram – description, working and operation

4.1 Circuit Diagram And Description

4.2 Working and operation Of Circuit

11
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

4.1 Circuit Diagram and Description:

12
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

4.2 Working and operation Of Circuit

In this circuit we can show that the Arduino is heart of over circuit. Arduino has required 5v
power supply. Then the pin of Arduino(vcc,grd) are connected with power supply.
And we give power supply to all circuit using power supply.
Sensor is connected with analogue pin of Arduino. When the sensor can be detect the any
value then it can be given in the analogue pin.
When any value can be detect in the sensor then it can be show in the LCD display which is
already connected] with Arduino Nano.
When the temperature can be increased then cooler can be get signal and it can be turn on.
If the temperature is decreased then the heater is get command and it can be turn on.

13
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

5. Advantages and disadvantages of project:

5.1 advantages of project

5.2 disadvantages of project

14
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

5.1 advantages of project

1. Low cost
2. Very small size.
3. Unmatched robustness & EM protection
4. Speed is very fast.
5. Easily programmable.
6. Highest accuracy in this sensor.
7. Low power consumption

5.2 disadvantages of project

1. Voltage fluctuation is affected.

2. Programming is required.

15
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

6. Result of project

6.1 Result

In this project after performing we can show that the output of project
is based on our planning.
We can show the temperature in the LCD display and controlled the
temperature using Arduino nano.

16
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

7. Future enhancement of project

7.1 Future Enhancement

In the future we can connect this project on GSM based.

Then in this project we can also put IOT based system.
We can put in Bluetooth also.

17
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

8. Conclusion

8.1 Conclusions

After perform this project we will get output as we can assume and based on our planning .we
can easily controlled the temperature automatically arduino is heart of all over system and it
can be controlled this system.

18
Automatic Temperature And Humidity Controlling System

19