Japan: Philippine State College of Aeronautics

Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

Fernando Air Base Campus, Lipa City, Batangas
Institute of Engineering and Technology
JAPAN
Submitted to:
Mrs. Divina Esperanzate
Submitted by:
Alday, Leona
Aque, Gabriel Lloyd
Bait, Eduard Demetrius
Cauman, Richard
Nista, Jhon Lennon
Ramos, Jearan
JAPAN CULTURE
Japan also known as known as “the country of rising sun” is an
island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it borders China,
North Korea, South Korea, Russia, Taiwan, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of
Okhotsk, and the East China Sea. It is an archipelago of 6,852 islands, most
of which are mountainous, and many are volcanic. The government system is
a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy; the chief of state
is the emperor, and the head of government is the prime minister.
JOMON (10,000 - 300 B.C.)

This lasted nearly ten thousand years, between 14,500 BC to around
300 BC. During this period, the archipelago was dominated by a hunter-
gatherer culture, which gradually became increasingly sophisticated. The
period is named after, and most well-known for its pottery, much of which has
survived to the present day in the form of artifacts. As the period grew in its
complexity and sophistication, the population grew increasingly sedentary,
establishing several villages. Towards the end of the period, the archipelago
became increasingly exposed to new technologies such as bronze and iron
while the population dramatically increased, eventually leading to the end of
the period.
YAYOI (300 B.C. - A.D. 300)

The Yayoi Period, part of the Iron Age, followed. Although lasting only
50 years, the Yayoi Period was nonetheless a very important one, with rice
agriculture increasing significantly and advancements in technological
and social hierarchy also occurring. The population almost tripled, while
the various tribes eventually were consolidated under separate kingdoms,
believed to have numbered around 100. This period was followed by the
Kofun Period, which lasted around 300 years. This is the first period of
recorded Japanese history.
KOFUN (YAMATO) (300 - 645)

• Unified state begins with emergence of powerful clan rulers; Japan
• Japan adopts Chinese written characters.
• Shotoku Taishi (574-622) begins to shape Japanese society and
government more after the pattern of China. He seeks centralization of
government and a bureaucracy of merit. He also calls for reverence for
Buddhism and the Confucian virtues.
ASUKA (645 -710)

• This was a period of considerable cultural development as it marked
the introduction of the Buddhist religion from the mainland.
• Furthermore, there were several important political and artistic
developments, the political system shifting dramatically while
architectural styles changed, inspired heavily by Chinese influences.
NARA (710 - 794)

• 710 Nara becomes the first permanent capital.
• 784 The capital moves to Nagaoka.
HEIAN (794-1185)
• 794 The capital moves to Heian (Kyoto).
• 1016 Fujiwara Michinaga becomes regent, marking the peak of
Fujiwara power.
• 1159 The Taira clan under Taira Kiyomori takes over the power after
the Heiji war.
• 1175 The Buddhist Jodo sect (Pure land sect) is introduced.
• 1180-85 In the Gempei War, the Minamoto clan puts an end to Taira
supremacy.
KAMAKURA (185-1333)
• 1191 The Zen sect is introduced.
• 1192 Minamoto Yoritomo is appointed shogun and establishes the
Kamakura government in Kamakura.
• 1221 The Jokyu Disturbance ends a struggle between Kamakura and
Kyoto, resulting in the supremacy of the Hojo regents in Kamakura.
• 1232 A legal code, the Joei Shikimoku, is promulgated.
• 1274 and 1281 The Mongols try to invade Japan twice, but fail mainly
because of bad weather conditions.
• 1333 The Kamakura government falls.
MUROMACHI (1333 -1568)

• 1334 Kemmu Restoration: the emperor restores power over Japan.
• 1336 Ashikaga Takauji captures Kyoto.
• 1337 The emperor flees and establishes the Southern court in Yoshino.
• 1338 Takauji establishes the Muromachi government and a second
emperor in Kyoto (Northern court).
• 1392 Unification of the Southern and Northern courts.
• 1467-1477 Onin war.
• 1542 Portuguese introduce firearms and Christianity to Japan.
• 1568 Nobunaga enters Kyoto.
• 1573 The Muromachi government falls.
Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1573 - 1603)

• 1575 The Takeda clan is defeated in the battle of Nagashino.
• 1582 Nobunaga is murdered and succeeded by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
• 1588 Hideyoshi confiscates the weapons of farmers and religious
institutions in the "Sword Hunt".
• 1590 Japan is reunited after the fall of Odawara (Hojo).
• 1592-98 Unsuccessful invasion of Korea.
• 1598 Death of Hideyoshi.
• 1600 Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats his rivals in the battle of Sekigahara.
Edo Period (1603 - 1868)

• 1603 Ieyasu is appointed shogun and establishes the Tokugawa
government in Edo (Tokyo).
• 1615 The Toyotomi clan is destroyed after Ieyasu captures Osaka
Castle.
• 1639 Isolation of Japan from the rest of the world except for strictly
regulated trade with China, Korea, the Netherlands, the Ryukyu
Kingdom and the Ainu.
• 1688-1703 Genroku era: popular culture flourishes.
• 1792 The Russians unsuccessfully try to establish trade relations with
Japan.
• 1854 Commodore Matthew Perry forces the Japanese government to
open a limited number of ports for trade.
Meiji Period (1868 - 1912)

• 1868 Meiji Restoration.
• 1868 The capital moves to Tokyo.
• 1872 First railway line between Tokyo and Yokohama.
• 1889 The Meiji Constitution is promulgated.
• 1894-95 Sino-Japanese War.
• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War.
• 1910 Annexation of Korea.
• 1912 Death of Emperor Meiji.
Taisho Period (1912 - 1926)

• 1914-18 Japan joins allied forces in WW1.
• 1923 The Great Kanto Earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama.
• Showa Period (1926 - 1989)
• 1931 Manchurian Incident.
• 1937 Second Sino-Japanese War starts.
• 1941 Pacific War starts.
• 1945 Japan surrenders after atomic bombs are dropped over
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• 1946 The new constitution is promulgated.
• 1952 The Allied Occupation of Japan ends.
• 1956 Japan becomes member of the UN.
• 1972 Normalization of relations with China.

• 1973 Oil crisis.
Heisei Period (1989)

• 1992 Burst of the Bubble Economy.
• 1995 The Great Hanshin Earthquake hits Kobe.
• 1995 Sarin Gas attack in the Tokyo subway by Aum sect.
• 2011 The Great East Japan Earthquake hits the Tohoku Region.
FEUDAL JAPAN
Feudal Japan—1185 CE to 1868 CE

From the beginning of Japanese civilization until 1185 an emperor
ruled all of Japan. An emperor is similar to a king, but in Japan he was also a
religious leader. However, the emperor began to lose power in a series of
wars. A civil war broke out in 1336 that ended the real power of the emperor.
The emperor sent armies of what became known as samurai to fight the civil
war for him, and when they returned he gave the title Shogun to the leader of
the army, so they would not take him over as emperor. This began a new form
of control in Japan, where the leaders of different armies controlled smaller
pieces of land, rather than one emperor controlling everything--this is usually
called Feudal control (Feudalism).
• Starting 1185, Samurai become dominant

• Shoguns, ruling governors over large areas, rule with their Samurai, the
fighting elite.
• Samurai are like Knights, but there are a lot of them...
• Sworn to keep the Shogun’s peace and justice, to protect the land and
people, and to do whatever is asked of them.
Way of the Samurai

• “Honor” becomes important
• Doing the right thing (what you are required to do based on your position in
life).
• Shame requires “Seppuku”
• Ritualistic suicide where the Samurai carves out their own stomach to die
and reclaim their honor.
• Honor, Duty, Service
More important than life.
Way of the Samurai

• Bushido: The Way of the Warrior • Loyalty
• Frugality (living an inexpensive life) • Mastery of Martial Arts
• Honor to the Death
• Honesty
• Respect
• Benevolence (charity)
• Courage
• Rectitude (righteousness)
• Did not change much over 700 years.
Isolation
• 1500s, Emperor Hideyoshi unified Japan into one Shogunate.
• Samurai, Shoguns, and Emperors existed for hundreds of years without the
rest of the world becoming involved.
• Jesuit Missionaries arrived from Portugal in 1600s, first time outsiders saw
Japan.
Missionary being beheaded.
• Emperors worried that outsiders would ruin their culture and take their land.
• Started “sakoku” or isolation from the rest of the world.
JAPANESE LITERATURE
Japanese Literature is one of the major literatures of the world
comparable to English literature in age and variety.
Japanese Literature is one of the major bodies of Oriental Literature. It

is less voluminous than Chinese Literature but comparable to Arabic, Persian
and Indian Literature. It covers the period from the fifth century A.D to the
present.
Poems and odes to the Gods were composed in the early Japanese
Language before the art of writing was known in Japan. Only fragments of this
Literature have survived, but these are thought to have been extensive.
During the first centuries of writing in Japan, the spoken language and written
language were identical.
Haiku - is a Japanese poem which consist of seventeen (17) syllables.
Example:
Takahama Kyoshi (1874-1959)
<Japanese>
虹立ちて
忽ち君の
在る如し
Nizi tachite/ Tachimachi kimi no/ Aru gotoshi

<English>
The rainbow stands
In a moment
As if you are here.
Takahama Kyoshi
Takahama Kyoshi was born as Takahama Kiyoshi in what is now
Matsuyama city, Ehime prefecture. His father was a former samurai. At the
age of nine, he inherited from his grandmother's family and took the surname
Takahama.
In 1894, he quit school and went to Tokyo to study Edo period Japanese
literature. In 1895, he enrolled in Tokyo Senmon Gakko but left soon after to
become an editor and critic for the literary magazine Nihonjin. While working,
he submitted variants of haiku poetry and experimented with irregular
numbers of onjin.
In 1898, he became manager of the haiku magazine Hototogisu and
moved the headquarters from Matsuyama to Tokyo. He moved the magazines
focus from purely poetry to include prose, but attached importance to
traditional haiku as opposed to the modern trends.
During 1954, he received the Order of Culture award from the Japanese
government. After his death, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred
Treasure, 1st class.
The Tale of Genji

Written by Japanese writer Murasaki Shikibu in the 11th century, is
generally regarded as the earliest novel in any culture and as the greatest
masterpiece of Japanese literature. In this scene from the novel, Prince
Genji is visiting with his favorite wife, Murasaki, while watching his
housemaids, whom he has sent outside to build a snowman. The novel is
remarkable for its detailed depiction of the refined culture of Heian-period
Japan.
The Tale of Genji centers on the life and loves of a handsome son,
Hikaru Genji, born to an Emperor during the Heian Period. In the story, the
beloved concubine of the Emperor gives birth to Genji and dies soon after.
Raised within the Royal Family, Genji has his first illicit affair with Fujitsubo,
the young wife of the Emperor. She gives birth to a boy who was raised by the
unknowing Emperor as his own son. Although feeling guilt because of this
affair Genji goes on to have numerous other affairs with other court ladies
including Utsusemi, Yugao, Murasaki-no-ue, and Hanachirusato. At one point,
Genji's adultery with a lady of the opposite faction results in his being exiled
for a period to Suma After a short time, he returns to the capital, where he
rises further in status and position being appointed to high official ranking
reaching the apogee of his career.
However, his newly wed young bride, Onna-Sannomiya, has an illicit
affair that results in a child, Kaoru, reminding Genji of his own similar past
actions. Then Murasaki-no-ue, Genji's real love and wife, in fact, if not in law,
of more than twenty years, passes away. Left in deep despondence Genji
decides to leave the capital to enter a small mountain temple. The Tale of
Genji continues, although without the hero Genji. In his place are Kaoru, his
grandson, and Niou-no-miya, Kaoru's friend. These two youths carry on the
Genji tradition with the princesses in the palace at Uji. The story centers on
the young lady, Ukibune, whose heart and mind is set a flutter by the
courtship of these two young men.
Murasaki Shikibu
(c. 976-978 - c. 1026-1031)
Murasaki Shikibu (c. 976-978 - c. 1026-1031) is known for writing

what is considered the world's first novel, The Tale of Genji. Shikibu was
a novelist and a court attendant of Empress Akiko of Japan. Also known as
Lady Murasaki, her real name is not known. "Murasaki" means "violet" and
may have been taken from a character in The Tale of Genji.
Early Life
Murasaki Shikibu was born a member of the cultured Fujiwara family of
Japan. A paternal great-grandfather had been a poet, as was her father,
Fujiwara Tamatoki. She was educated alongside her brother,
including learning Chinese and writing.
Personal Life
Murasaki Shikibu was married to another member of the extensive
Fujiwara family, Fujiwara Nobutaka, and they had a daughter in 999. Her
husband died in 1001. She lived quietly until 1004, when her father became
governor of the province of Echizen.
The Tale of Genji

Murasaki Shikibu was brought to the Japanese imperial court, where
she attended the Empress Akiko, Emperor Ichijo's consort. For two years,
from about 1008, Murasaki recorded in a diary what happened at court and
what she thought about what happened.
She used some of what she'd recorded in this diary to write a fictional account
of a prince named Genji —and therefore the first known novel. The book,
which covers four generations through Genji's grandson, was probably meant
to be read aloud to her main audience, women.
Later Years
After the emperor Ichijo died in 1011, Murasaki retired, perhaps to a convent.
Legacy
The book The Tale of Genji was translated into English by Arthur Waley in
1926.
Analysis of the Tale of Genji:
The Tale of Genji centers on the life and loves of a handsome son,
Hikaru Genji that has illicit affair with other women. This means that the love
that he had was not enough for him so he find another love to other woman. It
also concerns love, lust and the interaction of member of the opposing sexes.
It also explores the different themes of affection, friendship, filial loyalty and
family bonds. It is the highest pinnacle of Japanese literature. Even down to
our day there has not been a piece of fiction to compare with it.

Japan: Philippine State College of Aeronautics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Japan: Philippine State College of Aeronautics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

JOMON (10,000 - 300 B.C.)

YAYOI (300 B.C. - A.D. 300)

KOFUN (YAMATO) (300 - 645)

ASUKA (645 -710)

NARA (710 - 794)

MUROMACHI (1333 -1568)

Azuchi-Momoyama Period (1573 - 1603)

Edo Period (1603 - 1868)

Meiji Period (1868 - 1912)

Taisho Period (1912 - 1926)

• 1972 Normalization of relations with China.

Heisei Period (1989)

Feudal Japan—1185 CE to 1868 CE

• Starting 1185, Samurai become dominant

Way of the Samurai

Way of the Samurai

Japanese Literature is one of the major bodies of Oriental Literature. It

Haiku - is a Japanese poem which consist of seventeen (17) syllables.

Takahama Kyoshi (1874-1959)

Nizi tachite/ Tachimachi kimi no/ Aru gotoshi

The rainbow stands

As if you are here.

The Tale of Genji

(c. 976-978 - c. 1026-1031)

Murasaki Shikibu (c. 976-978 - c. 1026-1031) is known for writing

The Tale of Genji

Analysis of the Tale of Genji:

You might also like