Chapter 5

APPLICATIONS OF ODE
 OVERVIEW

• LAW of GROWTH or DECAY

• LAW of COOLING

• CHEMICAL REACTIONS

• ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

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 Law of Growth or Decay

dy
= ky
dt

Rate of change of a quantity proportional to the quantity present

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 Law of Growth or Decay

The number of bacteria in a culture grows at a rate proportional to

the number of bacteria present. The number triples in 1 hour. If the
initial number is 10, find:

1) The number of bacteria after 5 hours.

2) After how long the number was exactly 270.

1) 2430
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2) 3
 Law of Cooling

dT
 k (T  T0 ) k>0
dt

T Temperature of the hot substance

T0 Temperature of the surrounding

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 Law of Cooling

A cup of Coffee at 90⁰C is placed in a room at 25⁰C. In 5 minutes, it

cools to 70⁰C. Find

1) The temperature of the cup after another 5 minutes.

2) After how long the cup will be exactly at 27⁰C.

1) 56.15
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2) 47.33
 Chemical reactions - Solutions

dx r2 x
  r1c1
dt a  (r1  r2 )t
x Amount of salt in the tank
a Volume tank
c1 Concentration of incoming mixture
r1 rate of incoming mixture

r2 rate of outgoing mixture

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 Chemical reactions - Solutions

A tank contains 100 liters of brine (solution of salt) in which 500g of

salt is dissolved. If brine containing 20 g of salt per liter runs into
the tank at the rate of 3 liters per minute and the mixture, which is
kept uniform, runs out of the tank at the rate of 2 liters per minute,
find the amount of salt in the tank after exactly 30 minutes.

1712.42
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 Electric circuits
L-R-C circuit, where R (resistance), L (inductance), and C (capacitance)
are in series, and acted on by an electromotive force E.
The current i satisfies:
di q
L  iR   E
dt C
dq
The current i is the rate of flow of the positive charge q : i 
dt
2
d q dq q
 L 2 R  E
dt dt C
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 Electric circuits
A voltage Ee  at is applied at t  0 at a circuit containing an
inductance L and a resistance R. Assuming i(0)  0 , show that the
current in the circuit is:

E  
Rt

i (t )   e  at  e L 
R  aL  


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