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Introduction
This example demonstrates a method for coupling two rotors connected by a spline
coupling. An eigenfrequency analysis is performed at different rotor speeds, and the results
are compared with those obtained in Ref. 1.
Model Definition
The model consists of two rotors connected through a spline coupling. The first rotor is a
cantilevered rotor fixed at its left end. The second rotor is a simply supported rotor with
one of its support points away from its coupling end and the other at the right end. The
right end of the cantilevered rotor is connected to the left end of the simply supported
rotor through a spline coupling. It is assumed that only translational motion is coupled
between the rotors through the coupling, while the rotations of both the rotors are
uncoupled. The rotor configuration is shown in Figure 1 below.
A disk at point B on the cantilevered rotor has both mass and moment of inertia. The
coupling, located at point C on the rotor, has only mass with negligible moment of inertia.
There is also a pulley at location E on the simply supported rotor having only mass but
negligible moment of inertia. Points D and F are the locations of supports on the simply
supported rotor.
PROPERTY VALUE
The properties of the mountings on the shafts are given in the Table 2.
TABLE 2: PROPERTIES OF THE MOUNTINGS.
PROPERTY VALUE
The gyroscopic effect in the rotor stiffens the forward modes and softens the backward
modes. This phenomenon is illustrated in the Campbell plot shown in Figure 4. A
comparison of the critical speeds (in rpm) with those of Ref. 1 is given in Table 3.
TABLE 3: COMPARISON OF CRITICAL SPEEDS WITH REF. 1.
It is assumed that the spline coupling couples only the translational degrees of freedom,
leaving the rotations uncoupled between the rotors. This is achieved by using the same
name of the displacement dependent variable in both physics interfaces.
The mass of the coupling is distributed equally on the two rotors by using a Disk feature
for each physics interface.
Modeling Instructions
From the File menu, choose New.
NEW
In the New window, click Model Wizard.
MODEL WIZARD
1 In the Model Wizard window, click 3D.
2 In the Select Physics tree, select Structural Mechanics>Rotordynamics>
Beam Rotor (rotbm).
3 Click Add.
4 Click Add.
5 Click Study.
6 In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies for Selected Physics Interfaces>
Eigenfrequency.
7 Click Done.
GEOMETRY 1
Parameters
On the Home toolbar, click Parameters.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Parameters
1 In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section.
Set the Linear Elastic Material to use the Young’s modulus and shear modulus as the elastic
properties.
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) click Beam Rotor 2 (rotbm2).
2 Select Edges 3–5 only, representing the simply supported rotor.
MATERIALS
Material 1 (mat1)
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) right-click Materials and
choose Blank Material.
2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Material Contents section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
Disk 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Disk.
2 Select Point 3 only.
The mass of the spline couling is equally distributed between both rotors. Enter only
half of the mass of the coupling.
3 In the Settings window for Disk, locate the Disk Properties section.
4 In the m text field, type m_coupling/2.
Journal Bearing 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Journal Bearing.
2 Select Point 1 only.
Journal Bearing 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Journal Bearing.
2 Select Points 4 and 6 only.
3 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Bearing Properties section.
4 Clear the Constrain bending rotation check box.
Disk 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Disk.
Disk 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Disk.
2 Select Point 5 only.
3 In the Settings window for Disk, locate the Disk Properties section.
4 In the m text field, type m_pulley.
STUDY 1
Add a parametric step to sweep the rpm from 0 to 50000 in steps of 2000.
Parametric Sweep
1 On the Study toolbar, click Parametric Sweep.
2 In the Settings window for Parametric Sweep, locate the Study Settings section.
3 Click Add.
4 Click to select row number 1 in the table.
5 In the table, enter the following settings:
Step 1: Eigenfrequency
1 In the Model Builder window, under Study 1 click Step 1: Eigenfrequency.
2 In the Settings window for Eigenfrequency, locate the Study Settings section.
3 Select the Desired number of eigenfrequencies check box.
4 In the associated text field, type 10.
5 On the Study toolbar, click Compute.
RESULTS
Whirl (rotbm)
Follow the steps below to generate the whirl plot shown in Figure 2.
Whirl 1
Select both the rotors for the whirl plot.
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Whirl (rotbm) node, then click Whirl 1.
2 In the Settings window for Whirl, locate the Selection section.
3 Select the Active toggle button.
4 Click in the Graphics window and then press Ctrl+A to select all edges.
5 Locate the Coloring and Style section. In the Number of planes text field, type 6.
6 In the Number of rings text field, type 10.
7 From the Color ring list, choose Black.
8 On the Whirl (rotbm) toolbar, click Plot.
9 Click Go to Default View.
10 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Follow the steps below to generate the mode shape shown in Figure 3.
3D Plot Group 3
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 3D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 3D Plot Group, type Mode Shape in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Study 1/
Parametric Solutions 1 (sol2).
4 From the Parameter value (Ow (rpm)) list, choose 8000.
5 From the Eigenfrequency (Hz) list, choose 420.7.
Line 1
1 Right-click Mode Shape and choose Line.
2 In the Settings window for Line, locate the Coloring and Style section.
3 From the Line type list, choose Tube.
4 In the Tube radius expression text field, type rotbm.re.
Deformation 1
1 Right-click Results>Mode Shape>Line 1 and choose Deformation.
2 In the Settings window for Deformation, locate the Scale section.
3 Select the Scale factor check box.
4 In the associated text field, type 0.3.
5 Click to expand the Inherit style section. Locate the Inherit Style section. From the Plot
list, choose Line 1.
6 Click the Go to XY View button on the Graphics toolbar.
7 On the Mode Shape toolbar, click Plot.
8 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
To generate the Campbell plot, shown in Figure 4, follow to the steps below.
1D Plot Group 4
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Campbell Plot in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Study 1/
Parametric Solutions 1 (sol2).
4 From the Eigenfrequency selection list, choose Manual.
5 In the Eigenfrequency indices (1-10) text field, type range(1,1,8).
Global 1
1 Right-click Campbell Plot and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the x-Axis Data section.
3 From the Axis source data list, choose Outer solutions.
4 From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
5 In the Expression text field, type Ow.
6 From the Unit list, choose RPM.
7 Locate the y-Axis Data section. In the table, enter the following settings:
8 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section. In
the Width text field, type 3.
Global 2
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results right-click Campbell Plot and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study 1/Parametric Solutions 1 (sol2).
4 From the Eigenfrequency selection list, choose Last.
5 Locate the y-Axis Data section. In the table, enter the following settings:
6 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Axis source data list, choose Outer solutions.
7 From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
8 In the Expression text field, type Ow.
9 From the Unit list, choose RPM.
10 Locate the Coloring and Style section. From the Color list, choose Red.
11 In the Width text field, type 3.
12 Locate the Legends section. Clear the Show legends check box.
13 On the Campbell Plot toolbar, click Plot.
Campbell Plot
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Campbell Plot.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Plot Settings section.
3 Select the y-axis label check box.
4 In the associated text field, type Natural frequency (RPM).
5 Click to expand the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
6 In the Title text area, type Whirl Speed Map.
7 Locate the Axis section. Select the Manual axis limits check box.
8 In the y maximum text field, type 50000.
9 On the Campbell Plot toolbar, click Plot.
This model is licensed under the COMSOL Software License Agreement 5.3.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. See www.comsol.com/trademarks.
Introduction
This example illustrates the modeling of multiple rotors connected through helical gears.
The presence of gears in the system induces lateral as well as torsional vibration in the
rotors. An eigenfrequency analysis is performed for different speeds of the driver shaft in
order to compute the critical speeds. The frequency response of the system is also
computed for a range of frequencies, assuming the speed of the driver shaft to be the same
as the excitation frequency. A transient analysis is performed for the given speed and load
to compute the orbit and the dynamic transmission error of the gears as well as the forces
acting on the bearings.
Model Definition
The model consists of three shafts connected through two pairs of helical gears. The helical
gear on the first (driver) shaft transfers rotation to the larger helical gear of the second
(intermediate) shaft. The smaller helical gear of the second (intermediate) shaft transfers
rotation to the helical gear of the third (driven) shaft. All three shafts are simply supported
at both the ends using journal bearings.
Driven shaft
Intermediate shaft
Fixed axial
rotation
Load torque
Journal bearings
In the time-dependent analysis, the angular speed of the driver shaft is assumed to be
1500 rpm. In the eigenfrequency, it is varied from 0 to 9000 rpm whereas in the frequency
domain analysis, it is assumed to be the same as the excitation frequency. The angular
speed of the other two shafts is computed using the gear ratio.
BEARINGS
Each shaft is supported by journal bearings at both the ends. All the bearings are assumed
to have constant isotropic stiffness with a value of 107 N/m.
GEARS
The properties of the helical gears are given in the Table 1.
TABLE 1: GEAR PROPERTIES.
PROPERTY VALUE
The density of the gears, used to compute the inertial properties, is same as the shaft
density.
As can be seen from the table, the error in the approximate critical speed increases for
higher modes. The error for the critical speed corresponding to the third mode is
approximately 60% when rotating frame forces are ignored.
The frequency response curves for the gear displacement and rotation are shown in
Figure 4 and Figure 5. It can be seen that both the displacement and rotation of all gears
have a peak around the critical speeds computed using the Campbell diagram.
Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the orbits of the gear centers in the rotating and the fixed
frame of reference, respectively. It can be observed that in the rotating frame of reference,
all the gears are settled in different directions except gear-2 and gear-3, as they are both
mounted on the intermediate shaft.
The gear mesh is assumed to be elastic, which causes an error while transferring rotation
from one shaft to another. This error, known as the dynamic transmission error (DTE), is
shown in Figure 9.
Finally, Figure 10 shows the time variation of the bearing loads on one of the journal
bearings.
To model multiple rotors, use Rotor Axis and Change Rotor Speed features to define the axis
of rotation and speed of each rotor. In cases where two shafts are connected through gears,
the shaft speeds are related through the gear ratio.
The gear mesh stiffness is assumed constant. However, in general it is a function of gear
rotation. The varying gear mesh stiffness causes additional sustained vibration in the
system.
It is possible to visualize results in both the rotating as well as the fixed frame of reference.
In this model, the fixed frame of reference is used when animating the results.
Modeling Instructions
From the File menu, choose New.
NEW
In the New window, click Model Wizard.
MODEL WIZARD
1 In the Model Wizard window, click 3D.
2 In the Select Physics tree, select Structural Mechanics>Rotordynamics>Solid Rotor (rotsld).
3 Click Add.
4 Click Study.
5 In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>Eigenfrequency.
6 Click Done.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Parameters
1 On the Home toolbar, click Parameters.
2 In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section.
DEFINITIONS
Step 1 (step1)
1 On the Home toolbar, click Functions and choose Global>Step.
2 In the Settings window for Step, locate the Parameters section.
3 In the Location text field, type t_end/12.
4 Click to expand the Smoothing section. In the Size of transition zone text field, type
t_end/6.
GEOMETRY 1
Import 1 (imp1)
1 On the Home toolbar, click Import.
2 In the Settings window for Import, locate the Import section.
3 Click Browse.
4 Browse to the model’s Application Libraries folder and double-click the file
geared_rotors.mphbin.
5 Click Import.
MATERIALS
Click Windows and choose Add Material from Library.
ADD MATERIAL
1 Go to the Add Material window.
2 In the tree, select Built-In>Structural steel.
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) click Solid Rotor (rotsld).
2 In the Settings window for Solid Rotor, locate the Rotor Speed section.
3 In the associated text field, type omega.
First Support 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Rotor Axis 1 node, then click First Support 1.
2 In the Settings window for First Support, locate the Point Selection section.
3 Click Paste Selection.
4 In the Paste Selection dialog box, type 97-98 in the Selection text field.
5 Click OK.
Second Support 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>
Rotor Axis 1 click Second Support 1.
2 In the Settings window for Second Support, locate the Point Selection section.
3 Click Paste Selection.
4 In the Paste Selection dialog box, type 119-120 in the Selection text field.
5 Click OK.
Rotor Axis 2
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Solid Rotor (rotsld) and choose Rotor Axis.
2 Select Domains 5–7 only.
First Support 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Rotor Axis 2 node, then click First Support 1.
2 In the Settings window for First Support, locate the Point Selection section.
3 Click Paste Selection.
4 In the Paste Selection dialog box, type 744, 756 in the Selection text field.
5 Click OK.
Rotor Axis 3
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Solid Rotor (rotsld) and choose Rotor Axis.
2 Select Domains 3 and 4 only.
First Support 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Rotor Axis 3 node, then click First Support 1.
2 In the Settings window for First Support, locate the Point Selection section.
3 Click Paste Selection.
4 In the Paste Selection dialog box, type 355, 363 in the Selection text field.
5 Click OK.
Second Support 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>
Rotor Axis 3 click Second Support 1.
2 In the Settings window for Second Support, locate the Point Selection section.
3 Click Paste Selection.
4 In the Paste Selection dialog box, type 358, 366 in the Selection text field.
5 Click OK.
Helical Gear 1
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Solid Rotor (rotsld) and choose Gears>
Helical Gear.
2 Select Domain 1 only.
3 In the Settings window for Helical Gear, locate the Gear Properties section.
4 In the n text field, type n1.
5 In the dp text field, type d1.
6 In the α text field, type alpha.
7 In the β text field, type beta.
8 Locate the Center of Rotation section. From the list, choose Centroid of selected entities.
9 From the Entity level list, choose Point.
Helical Gear 2
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld) right-
click Helical Gear 1 and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Helical Gear, locate the Domain Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Domain 5 only.
5 Locate the Gear Properties section. In the n text field, type n2.
Helical Gear 3
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld) right-
click Helical Gear 1 and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Helical Gear, locate the Domain Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Domain 6 only.
Helical Gear 4
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld) right-
click Helical Gear 2 and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Helical Gear, locate the Domain Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Domain 3 only.
Gear Pair 1
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Solid Rotor (rotsld) and choose Gear Pair.
2 In the Settings window for Gear Pair, locate the Gear Selection section.
3 From the Wheel list, choose Helical Gear 1.
4 From the Pinion list, choose Helical Gear 2.
5 Locate the Gear Pair Properties section. Select the Include gear elasticity check box.
Gear Elasticity 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Gear Pair 1 node, then click Gear Elasticity 1.
2 In the Settings window for Gear Elasticity, locate the Mesh Stiffness section.
3 From the Specify list, choose Total stiffness of gear pair.
4 In the kg text field, type kg.
Gear Pair 2
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Solid Rotor (rotsld) and choose Gear Pair.
2 In the Settings window for Gear Pair, locate the Gear Selection section.
3 From the Wheel list, choose Helical Gear 3.
4 From the Pinion list, choose Helical Gear 4.
5 Locate the Gear Pair Properties section. Select the Include gear elasticity check box.
Gear Elasticity 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Gear Pair 2 node, then click Gear Elasticity 1.
2 In the Settings window for Gear Elasticity, locate the Mesh Stiffness section.
3 From the Specify list, choose Total stiffness of gear pair.
4 In the kg text field, type kg.
Now define journal bearings to provide the support for the rotors on both ends.
1 x
0 y
0 z
5 Locate the Bearing Properties section. From the Bearing model list, choose
Total spring and damping constant.
6 In the ku table, enter the following settings:
kb 0
0 kb
Journal Bearing 2
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>Journal Bearing 1 and choose
Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Boundary Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Boundary 57 only.
5 Locate the Bearing Properties section. In the ku table, enter the following settings:
kb 0
0 kb
Journal Bearing 3
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>Journal Bearing 2 and choose
Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Boundary Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Boundary 397 only.
kb 0
0 kb
Journal Bearing 4
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>Journal Bearing 3 and choose
Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Boundary Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Boundary 406 only.
5 Locate the Bearing Properties section. In the ku table, enter the following settings:
kb 0
0 kb
Journal Bearing 5
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>Journal Bearing 4 and choose
Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Boundary Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Boundary 191 only.
5 Locate the Bearing Properties section. In the ku table, enter the following settings:
kb 0
0 kb
Journal Bearing 6
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>Journal Bearing 5 and choose
Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Boundary Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Boundary 196 only.
kb 0
0 kb
Applied Torque 1
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Solid Rotor (rotsld) and choose Applied Torque.
2 Select Boundary 191 only.
3 In the Settings window for Applied Torque, locate the Torque section.
4 In the Tax text field, type Text*step1(t[1/s]).
MESH 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) click Mesh 1.
2 In the Settings window for Mesh, locate the Mesh Settings section.
3 From the Element size list, choose Coarse.
4 Click Build All.
STUDY 1
In the Settings window for Study, type Study 1: Eigenfrequency in the Label text field.
Parametric Sweep
On the Study toolbar, click Parametric Sweep.
STUDY 1: EIGENFREQUENCY
Parametric Sweep
1 In the Settings window for Parametric Sweep, locate the Study Settings section.
2 Click Add.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
Step 1: Eigenfrequency
1 In the Model Builder window, under Study 1: Eigenfrequency click Step 1: Eigenfrequency.
2 In the Settings window for Eigenfrequency, locate the Study Settings section.
3 Select the Desired number of eigenfrequencies check box.
RESULTS
Use the following instructions to plot the mode shape and Campbell diagram as shown in
Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
1D Plot Group 3
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study 1: Eigenfrequency/Parametric Solutions 1 (sol2).
Global 1
1 Right-click 1D Plot Group 3 and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Axis source data list, choose Outer solutions.
5 From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
6 In the Expression text field, type omega.
7 From the Unit list, choose RPM.
8 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list, choose Dashed.
9 From the Color list, choose Blue.
10 In the Width text field, type 3.
4 Locate the Coloring and Style section. Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list,
choose Solid.
5 From the Color list, choose Magenta.
Annotation 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results right-click 1D Plot Group 3 and choose
Annotation.
2 In the Settings window for Annotation, locate the Annotation section.
3 In the Text text field, type \\\ω[[]] =Ω.
4 Locate the Position section. In the X text field, type 2500.
5 In the Y text field, type 2500.
6 Locate the Coloring and Style section. Select the LaTeX markup check box.
7 From the Color list, choose Magenta.
1D Plot Group 3
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click 1D Plot Group 3.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Campbell diagram in the Label text
field.
3 Click to expand the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
4 In the Title text area, type Campbell diagram.
5 Locate the Plot Settings section. Select the x-axis label check box.
6 In the associated text field, type omega (RPM).
7 Select the y-axis label check box.
8 In the associated text field, type Frequency (RPM).
9 Locate the Legend section. Clear the Show legends check box.
10 On the Campbell diagram toolbar, click Plot.
11 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
ADD STUDY
1 Go to the Add Study window.
2 Find the Studies subsection. In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>
Frequency Domain.
3 Click Add Study in the window toolbar.
4 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to close the Add Study window.
STUDY 2
Parametric Sweep
On the Study toolbar, click Parametric Sweep.
Parametric Sweep
1 In the Settings window for Parametric Sweep, locate the Study Settings section.
2 Click Add.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
RESULTS
Use the following instructions to plot the frequency response curves as shown in Figure 4
and Figure 5 respectively.
1D Plot Group 4
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study 2: Frequency Domain/Parametric Solutions 2 (sol23).
Global 1
1 Right-click 1D Plot Group 4 and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Axis source data list, choose Outer solutions.
5 From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
6 In the Expression text field, type omega.
7 From the Unit list, choose RPM.
8 Select the Description check box.
9 In the associated text field, type omega.
10 Locate the Coloring and Style section. Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list,
choose Cycle.
11 In the Width text field, type 3.
Legends
Gear-1
Gear-2
Gear-3
Gear-4
1D Plot Group 4
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click 1D Plot Group 4.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Frequency response: x-
displacement in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
4 In the Title text area, type Frequency response: x-displacement.
5 Locate the Plot Settings section. Select the y-axis label check box.
6 In the associated text field, type x-displacement (m).
7 Locate the Axis section. Select the y-axis log scale check box.
8 Locate the Legend section. From the Position list, choose Upper left.
9 On the Frequency response: x-displacement toolbar, click Plot.
10 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Global 1
1 Right-click Results>Frequency response: x-displacement and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Frequency response: x-displacement 1 node,
then click Global 1.
3 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
4 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the Plot Settings section. In the y-axis label text field, type z-rotation (rad).
5 On the Frequency response: z-rotation toolbar, click Plot.
6 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
ROOT
On the Home toolbar, click Windows and choose Add Study.
ADD STUDY
1 Go to the Add Study window.
2 Find the Studies subsection. In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>
Time Dependent.
3 Click Add Study in the window toolbar.
4 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to close the Add Study window.
STUDY 3
Selection
1 Right-click Study 3: Time Dependent/Solution 109 (sol109) and choose Duplicate.
2 On the Results toolbar, click Selection.
3 In the Settings window for Selection, locate the Geometric Entity Selection section.
4 From the Geometric entity level list, choose Domain.
5 Select Domains 1, 3, 5, and 6 only.
Surface
In the Model Builder window, expand the Results>Stress (rotsld) node.
Deformation
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Surface node, then click Deformation.
2 In the Settings window for Deformation, click Replace Expression in the upper-right
corner of the Expression section. From the menu, choose Component 1>Solid Rotor>
Displacement>rotsld.us_fix,...,rotsld.ws_fix - Displacement field,
fixed frame (spatial frame).
3 Locate the Scale section. Select the Scale factor check box.
4 In the associated text field, type 1.
Surface 2
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results>Stress (rotsld) right-click Surface and choose
Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Surface, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study 3: Time Dependent/Solution 109 (6) (sol109).
4 Locate the Expression section. In the Expression text field, type 1.
5 Locate the Coloring and Style section. From the Coloring list, choose Uniform.
6 From the Color list, choose Gray.
Surface
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results>Stress (rotsld) click Surface.
2 In the Settings window for Surface, click to expand the Range section.
Cut Point 3D 1
1 On the Results toolbar, click Cut Point 3D.
2 In the Settings window for Cut Point 3D, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study 3: Time Dependent/Solution 109 (5) (sol109).
4 Locate the Point Data section. In the X text field, type rotsld.hlg1.xcx,
rotsld.hlg2.xcx, rotsld.hlg3.xcx, rotsld.hlg4.xcx.
1D Plot Group 7
1 On the Results toolbar, click 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Cut Point 3D 1.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click 1D Plot Group 7 and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type w.
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
5 In the Expression text field, type u.
6 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list, choose Cycle.
7 In the Width text field, type 3.
8 Click to expand the Legends section. Select the Show legends check box.
9 From the Legends list, choose Manual.
Legends
Gear-1
Gear-2
Gear-3
Gear-4
1D Plot Group 7
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click 1D Plot Group 7.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Gear orbits, rotating frame in the
Label text field.
3 Locate the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
4 In the Title text area, type Gear orbits, rotating frame.
5 Locate the Axis section. Select the Preserve aspect ratio check box.
6 Locate the Legend section. From the Position list, choose Lower left.
7 On the Gear orbits, rotating frame toolbar, click Plot.
8 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Results>Gear orbits, rotating frame and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Gear orbits, rotating frame 1 node, then click
Point Graph 1.
3 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
4 In the Expression text field, type rotsld.ws_fix.
5 Locate the x-Axis Data section. In the Expression text field, type rotsld.us_fix.
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study 3: Time Dependent/Solution 109 (5) (sol109).
Global 1
1 Right-click 1D Plot Group 9 and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the Coloring and Style section. Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list,
choose Cycle.
5 In the Width text field, type 3.
6 Locate the Legends section. From the Legends list, choose Manual.
7 In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
Gear-1
Gear-2
1D Plot Group 9
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click 1D Plot Group 9.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Gear DTEs in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
4 In the Title text area, type Dynamic Transmission Errors.
5 Locate the Legend section. From the Position list, choose Lower left.
6 On the Gear DTEs toolbar, click Plot.
7 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Cut Point 3D 2
1 On the Results toolbar, click Cut Point 3D.
1D Plot Group 10
1 On the Results toolbar, click 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Cut Point 3D 2.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click 1D Plot Group 10 and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type rotsld.jrb2.f2.
4 Locate the Coloring and Style section. Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list,
choose Cycle.
5 In the Width text field, type 3.
6 Locate the Legends section. From the Legends list, choose Manual.
7 Select the Show legends check box.
8 In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
x-component
Point Graph 2
1 Right-click Results>1D Plot Group 10>Point Graph 1 and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type rotsld.jrb2.f3.
4 Locate the Legends section. In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
z-component
Animation 1
1 On the Results toolbar, click Animation and choose Player.
2 In the Settings window for Animation, click Show Frame.
3 Locate the Scene section. From the Subject list, choose Stress (rotsld).
4 Locate the Frames section. In the Number of frames text field, type 50.
This model is licensed under the COMSOL Software License Agreement 5.3.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. See www.comsol.com/trademarks.
Introduction
This example compares the load bearing abilities of different hydrodynamic bearings. The
simulation is performed using the Rotordynamics Module’s Hydrodynamic Bearing
interface. This interface solves the Reynolds equation to compute the pressure developed
in a thin fluid film for different bearing types. The bearings included in this example are of
plain, elliptic, split-halves, and multilobe type (2, 3, and 4 lobes).
Model Definition
Eight bearings are compared: One each of plain, elliptic, and split-halves type, and five
different multilobe bearings. The latter are one two-lobe bearing and two three-lobe and
four-lobe bearings. The two three-lobe bearings differ from each other in their relative
orientation with respect to the applied load direction, as do the two four-lobe bearings.
The journals rotate inside the bearing with an angular speed Ω (rad/s). The static position
of the journal is obtained such that the net force due to the fluid film in the horizontal
direction is zero whereas that in the vertical direction balances the journal weight, W.
Figure 1: Bearing configuration. Top row: Plain, elliptic, split halves, two-lobe. Bottom row:
Three-lobe (LOP), three-lobe (LBP), four-lobe (LOP), four-lobe (LBP).
On the fluid side, the parameters needed for the computation are the dynamic viscosity,
the density at cavitation pressure, and the compressibility. The fluid parameters, whose
PROPERTY VALUE
BEARING DATA
The maximum and minimum clearance, Cmax and Cmin, respectively, of all the bearings
are set to the same values in order to make them equivalent.
The initial clearance, hb, assuming that the journal is located at the center of the bearing,
is listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2: INITIAL FILM THICKNESS.
Plain hb = C
Elliptic h b = C min + ( C max – C min ) cos θ
Multilobe π 2π
h b = C + d cos ( θ – α m ) ,α m = ---- + ------ θN
--------
N N 2π
The objective is to obtain various parameters in Table 2 for different bearings by setting
maximum and minimum values to Cmax and Cmin respectively. Following sections provide
these expressions.
Plain Bearing
Because the initial thickness is uniform, the best choice of C for the plain bearing is
C = (Cmin + Cmin)/2.
Elliptic Bearing
The maximum and minimum clearance Cmax and Cmin are known.
Split-halves Bearing
For split-halves bearings, Cmin = C − d, Cmax = C + d, from which one finds C = (Cmax +
Cmin)/2 and d = (Cmax − Cmin)/2.
Several results from the simulation provide valuable information about bearing
performance. Figure 3 shows a plot of journal eccentricity versus load. The journals that
exhibit lower eccentricity are the better ones. From the plot, it seems that the split-halves
and 3-lobe LBP (load between pad) bearings have optimum eccentricity in the operating
range. For loads higher than 5000 N, the 4-lobe bearing with load on pad (LOP) has the
The equilibrium position of the journals is shown in Figure 4 with increasing load W. The
y-coordinate of the journal position is plotted on the x-axis, and the z-coordinate is plotted
on the y-axis. When the load W is small, all journals tend to move more in the y direction
Figure 5 shows the plot of the fluid thickness profile when the journal is concentric with
the bearing. The geometric parameters of bearings are set in such a way that the minimum
Figure 6 shows a plot of the steady-state (current) thickness profile of the fluid.
In the computation, use an Auxiliary sweep study extension on the load applied by the
journal on the bearing to automatically run a loop over the parameter. The Auxiliary sweep
functionality is activated in the study step settings.
Modeling Instructions
From the File menu, choose New.
NEW
In the New window, click Model Wizard.
MODEL WIZARD
1 In the Model Wizard window, click 3D.
2 In the Select Physics tree, select Structural Mechanics>Rotordynamics>
Hydrodynamic Bearing (hdb).
3 Click Add.
4 Click Study.
5 In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>Stationary.
6 Click Done.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Parameters
1 On the Home toolbar, click Parameters.
2 In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section.
GEOMETRY 1
Cylinder 1 (cyl1)
1 On the Geometry toolbar, click Cylinder.
2 In the Settings window for Cylinder, locate the Size and Shape section.
3 In the Radius text field, type Rj.
4 In the Height text field, type H.
5 Locate the Axis section. From the Axis type list, choose x-axis.
6 Locate the Object Type section. From the Type list, choose Surface.
7 Click Build Selected.
Array 1 (arr1)
Replicate 7 more cylinders along x direction by executing the following commands.
Explicit 1
1 On the Definitions toolbar, click Explicit.
2 In the Settings window for Explicit, type Plain bearing in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Input Entities section. From the Geometric entity level list, choose Boundary.
4 Select Boundary 1 only.
5 In the Settings window for Explicit, locate the Input Entities section.
6 Select the Group by continuous tangent check box.
Selecting this checkbox allows automatic selection of multiple surfaces across which
tangent is continuous.
Plain bearing 1
1 Right-click Plain bearing and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Explicit, type Elliptic bearing in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Input Entities section. Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Boundary 5 only.
Explicit Selections
1 Repeat above sequence of commands to add more Explicit selections using the
information given in the following table:
Name Selection
Split halves bearing 9, 10, 11, 12
Two lobe bearing 13, 14, 15, 16
Three Lobe bearing (LOP) 17, 18, 19, 20
Three lobe bearing (LBP) 21, 22, 23, 24
Four lobe bearing (LOP) 25, 26, 27, 28
Four lobe bearing (LBP) 29, 30, 31, 32
In above table we display the entire selection for each bearing. But to create for example
the Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing (Split halves) selection, selecting surface 9 is enough.
This is so because you duplicate the existing selection to create the new ones and the
checkbox Group by continuous tangent is already selected within the old.
2 In the Model Builder window, collapse the Definitions node.
3 Locate the Boundary Selection section. From the Selection list, choose Elliptic bearing.
4 Locate the Bearing Properties section. From the Bearing type list, choose Elliptic.
5 In the Cmin text field, type Cmin.
6 In the Cmax text field, type Cmax.
3 Locate the Boundary Selection section. From the Selection list, choose
Split halves bearing.
3 Locate the Boundary Selection section. From the Selection list, choose
Three Lobe bearing (LOP).
4 Locate the Bearing Properties section. In the C text field, type 2*Cmax-Cmin.
5 In the d text field, type 4*d.
6 In the N text field, type 3.
3 Locate the Boundary Selection section. From the Selection list, choose
Four lobe bearing (LOP).
4 Locate the Bearing Properties section. In the C text field, type (sqrt(2)*Cmax-Cmin)/
(sqrt(2)-1).
3 Locate the Boundary Selection section. From the Selection list, choose
Four lobe bearing (LBP).
Bearing Orientation 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Boundaries and choose Bearing Orientation.
2 In the Settings window for Bearing Orientation, type Bearing Orientation
Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing (3-lobe LOP) in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Boundary Selection section. From the Selection list, choose
Three Lobe bearing (LOP).
4 Locate the Bearing Orientation section. In the φ text field, type -pi/6.
3 Locate the Boundary Selection section. From the Selection list, choose
Three lobe bearing (LBP).
Global Equations 1
Add a Global equation node.
0 x
u1y y
u1z z
Journal Displacements
Write similar expressions in the Journal displacement field of other bearings using the
information given in the following table:
MESH 1
Mapped 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) right-click Mesh 1 and choose
More Operations>Mapped.
2 In the Settings window for Mapped, locate the Boundary Selection section.
3 From the Selection list, choose All boundaries.
Distribution 1
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Mesh 1>Mapped 1 and choose Distribution.
2 In the Settings window for Distribution, locate the Edge Selection section.
3 From the Selection list, choose All edges.
4 Locate the Distribution section. In the Number of elements text field, type 15.
5 In the Model Builder window, click Mesh 1.
6 In the Settings window for Mesh, click Build All.
Step 1: Stationary
1 In the Settings window for Stationary, click to expand the Study extensions section.
Use following instructions to add an Auxiliary sweep on load W.
2 Locate the Study Extensions section. Select the Auxiliary sweep check box.
3 Click Add.
4 In the table, enter the following settings:
RESULTS
Contour 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Fluid Pressure (hdb) node, then click Contour 1.
2 In the Settings window for Contour, locate the Coloring and Style section.
3 Clear the Color legend check box.
4 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Use the following instructions to plot eccentricity of the journals against load as shown in
Figure 3.
1D Plot Group 2
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Eccentricity vs. Load in the Label
text field.
3 Click to expand the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
Global 1
1 Right-click Eccentricity vs. Load and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list, choose Cycle.
5 In the Width text field, type 3.
Use the following instructions to plot attitude angle against load as shown in Figure 3.
1D Plot Group 3
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
Global 1
1 Right-click Attitude Angle vs Load and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list, choose Cycle.
5 In the Width text field, type 3.
Use the following instructions to plot journal position versus load as shown in Figure 4.
1D Plot Group 4
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
Global 1
1 Right-click Journal Position and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, type Plain in the Label text field.
3 Locate the y-Axis Data section. In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
5 In the Expression text field, type u1y/C.
6 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list, choose Cycle.
7 In the Width text field, type 3.
8 Click to expand the Legends section. From the Legends list, choose Manual.
9 In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
Plain
Plain 1
1 Right-click Results>Journal Position>Plain and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Global, type Elliptic in the Label text field.
3 Locate the y-Axis Data section. In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. In the Expression text field, type u2y/C.
Legends
Elliptic
Journal Position
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Journal Position.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Legend section.
3 From the Position list, choose Upper left.
4 On the Journal Position toolbar, click Plot.
5 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
6 In the Model Builder window, collapse the Journal Position node.
Use the following instructions to plot the initial thickness profile of the fluid film as shown
in Figure 5.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Parameter selection (W) list, choose First.
4 Click to expand the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
5 In the Title text area, type Initial thickness profile.
6 Locate the Axis section. Select the Manual axis limits check box.
7 In the r minimum text field, type 0.6.
8 In the r maximum text field, type 1.2.
Legends
Plain
Plain 1
1 Right-click Results>Polar: Initial Thickness Profile>Plain and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Line Graph, type Elliptic in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Selection section. Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Edges 13, 14, 16, and 18 only.
5 Locate the r-Axis Data section. In the Description text field, type Elliptic.
6 Locate the Legends section. In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
Elliptic
This model is licensed under the COMSOL Software License Agreement 5.3.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. See www.comsol.com/trademarks.
Introduction
A crankshaft of a 3-cylinder reciprocating engine is studied in a vibration analysis. Due to
the eccentricity of the crank-pin and balance masses on the crankshaft, it undergoes self-
excited vibration under rotation. The crankshaft is modeled using solid elements to
capture the effects of the eccentricity of the crank-pin and balance masses accurately.
Model Definition
The crankshaft of a three cylinder reciprocating engines is shown in Figure 1. Four bearing
locations are also highlighted.
Flywheel
Bearings
The load on the crank-pin due to the piston is neglected in the analysis, and the rotor
undergoes only the self-excited vibration due to the eccentric masses. Material damping is
used in the rotor to reduce high frequency vibrations. The angular speed of the crankshaft
in the steady state is 3000 rpm, but it is ramped initially for a smooth startup. The duration
of the ramp is chosen so that rotor completes one revolution with the linearly increasing
speed from 0 to Ω and subsequently continues with the constant angular speed Ω.
Assuming that the ramp duration is t0 it then follows that
t0
t Ω0 t0
2π = 0 Ω0 ----t0 dt = ------------
2
4π 2 120
t 0 = ------- = --- = ----------
Ω0 f N
where f is the frequency corresponding to the angular speed and N is the rpm. Therefore,
equation for the angular speed is
t t
Ω = Ω 0 ---- ---- ≤ 1 + ---- > 1 = Ω 0 ramp ----
t t
t0 t0 t0 t0
The Rayleigh coefficients for the damping are chosen such that the damping factor is close
to 0.1 for the given angular speed of the rotor. The proportionality constants chosen for
the analysis are
–4
α = 6.04 β = 5 ⋅ 10
NEW
In the New window, click Model Wizard.
MODEL WIZARD
1 In the Model Wizard window, click 3D.
2 In the Select Physics tree, select Structural Mechanics>Rotordynamics>
Solid Rotor with Hydrodynamic Bearing.
3 Click Add.
4 Click Study.
5 In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies for Selected Physics Interfaces>
Time Dependent.
6 Click Done.
GEOMETRY 1
Import 1 (imp1)
1 On the Home toolbar, click Import.
2 In the Settings window for Import, locate the Import section.
3 Click Browse.
4 Browse to the model’s Application Libraries folder and double-click the file
reciprocating_engine_rotor.mphbin.
5 Click Import.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Parameters
1 On the Home toolbar, click Parameters.
2 In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
ADD MATERIAL
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Material to open the Add Material window.
2 Go to the Add Material window.
3 In the tree, select Built-In>Structural steel.
4 Click Add to Component in the window toolbar.
5 On the Home toolbar, click Add Material to close the Add Material window.
DEFINITIONS
Define the ramp function for the angular speed of the rotor to get a smooth start-up of
the simulation.
Ramp 1 (rm1)
1 On the Home toolbar, click Functions and choose Global>Ramp.
2 In the Settings window for Ramp, locate the Parameters section.
3 Select the Cutoff check box.
4 Click to expand the Smoothing section. In the Size of transition zone text field, type 0.2.
5 Select the Smooth at start check box.
6 Select the Smooth at cutoff check box.
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld) click
Linear Elastic Material 1.
Damping 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Attributes and choose Damping.
2 In the Settings window for Damping, locate the Damping Settings section.
3 In the αdM text field, type 6.04.
4 In the βdK text field, type 0.0005.
First Support 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Rotor Axis 1 node, then click First Support 1.
2 Select Points 1 and 2 only.
Second Support 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld)>
Rotor Axis 1 click Second Support 1.
2 Select Points 232 and 241 only.
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Solid Rotor (rotsld) click
Fixed Axial Rotation 1.
2 Select Boundary 128 only.
Suppress the axial displacement of the rotor using the thrust bearings.
Thrust Bearing 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Boundaries and choose Thrust Bearing.
2 Select Boundary 11 only.
Thrust Bearing 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Boundaries and choose Thrust Bearing.
2 Select Boundary 131 only.
MESH 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) click Mesh 1.
2 In the Settings window for Mesh, locate the Mesh Settings section.
3 From the Element size list, choose Fine.
STUDY 1
Solution 1 (sol1)
1 On the Study toolbar, click Show Default Solver.
Set the appropriate scaling for the pressure.
2 In the Model Builder window, expand the Solution 1 (sol1) node.
3 In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 1>Solver Configurations>
Solution 1 (sol1)>Dependent Variables 1 node, then click Pressure (comp1.pfilm).
4 In the Settings window for Field, locate the Scaling section.
5 From the Method list, choose Manual.
6 In the Scale text field, type 1e5.
Use the automatic damping in the Newton sovler.
7 In the Model Builder window, expand the Study 1>Solver Configurations>
Solution 1 (sol1)>Time-Dependent Solver 1 node, then click Fully Coupled 1.
8 In the Settings window for Fully Coupled, click to expand the Method and termination
section.
9 Locate the Method and Termination section. From the Nonlinear method list, choose
Automatic (Newton).
10 On the Study toolbar, click Compute.
Stress (rotsld)
The stress in the crankshaft, shown in Figure 2, is a default plot. Set the appropriate scale
to highlight the deformation.
Surface
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Stress (rotsld) node, then click Surface.
2 In the Settings window for Surface, click to expand the Range section.
3 Select the Manual color range check box.
4 In the Minimum text field, type 0.
5 In the Maximum text field, type 8e6.
6 Click the Go to XY View button on the Graphics toolbar.
Deformation
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Surface node, then click Deformation.
2 In the Settings window for Deformation, locate the Scale section.
3 Select the Scale factor check box.
4 In the associated text field, type 500.
5 On the Stress (rotsld) toolbar, click Plot.
6 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Contour 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Fluid Pressure (hdb) node, then click Contour 1.
2 In the Settings window for Contour, locate the Coloring and Style section.
3 Clear the Color legend check box.
4 On the Fluid Pressure (hdb) toolbar, click Plot.
5 Click Go to Default View.
6 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Data Sets
Create the cut point data set at the center of the bearing locations. You will need this for
plotting the orbit of the crankshaft at different bearing locations as shown in Figure 4.
1D Plot Group 3
1 On the Results toolbar, click 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Journal orbits in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Cut Point 3D 1.
4 Locate the Plot Settings section. Select the x-axis label check box.
5 In the associated text field, type y-displacement.
6 Select the y-axis label check box.
7 In the associated text field, type z-displacement.
8 Click to expand the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
9 In the Title text area, type Journal orbit at different bearing locations.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Journal orbits and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the Expression text field, type w.
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
5 In the Expression text field, type v.
6 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section. In
the Width text field, type 3.
7 Click to expand the Legends section. Select the Show legends check box.
8 From the Legends list, choose Manual.
9 In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
Bearing 1
Bearing 2
Journal orbits
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Journal orbits.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Axis section.
3 Select the Preserve aspect ratio check box.
4 On the Journal orbits toolbar, click Plot.
5 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
To plot the lateral displacements of a point on the third bearing, shown in Figure 5, follow
the steps below.
1D Plot Group 4
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Lateral displacements in the Label
text field.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Lateral displacements and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the Selection section.
3 Select the Active toggle button.
4 Select Point 158 only.
5 Locate the y-Axis Data section. In the Expression text field, type v.
6 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section. In
the Width text field, type 3.
7 Click to expand the Legends section. Select the Show legends check box.
8 From the Legends list, choose Manual.
9 In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
y-displacement
Point Graph 2
1 Right-click Results>Lateral displacements>Point Graph 1 and choose Duplicate.
Legends
z-displacement
Lateral displacements
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Lateral displacements.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Plot Settings section.
3 Select the y-axis label check box.
4 In the associated text field, type Lateral displacements (m).
5 Locate the Legend section. From the Position list, choose Lower right.
6 On the Lateral displacements toolbar, click Plot.
7 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Export
To generate the animation of the crankshaft vibration, follow the steps below.
Animation 1
1 On the Results toolbar, click Animation and choose Player.
2 In the Settings window for Animation, click Show Frame.
3 Locate the Frames section. In the Number of frames text field, type 100.
4 Right-click Animation 1 and choose Play.
This model is licensed under the COMSOL Software License Agreement 5.3.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. See www.comsol.com/trademarks.
Introduction
In this model, you analyze the dynamics of a rotating shaft under gravity and supported
by two hydrodynamic bearings at its ends. Coupling between the rotor and the bearings
is achieved through the Beam Rotor with Hydrodynamics Bearing multiphysics interface
in the Rotordynamics Module.
Model Definition
The rotor is modeled as a beam of length L and diameter D. The material parameters of
the rotor are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1: ROTOR MATERIAL PARAMETERS.
PARAMETER VALUE
Bearing 1
Bearing 2
PROPERTY VALUE
The orbit of the journal in the yz-plane at x = 0 is shown in Figure 4. Initially, the journal
is at the center of the bearing and is subjected to gravitational acceleration. As the journal
moves in the bearing, the pressure profile of the fluid film changes, which resists the
motion of the journal. Therefore, due to the inertia, the lateral displacement of the middle
part of the rotor is larger than that of the journal in the bearing, resulting in the bending
of the rotor. Because the rotor is also rotating about its own axis, it experiences a
gyroscopic moment due to the bending of the rotor. The gyroscopic moment causes the
A plot of the y and z components of the acceleration of the journal is shown in Figure 5.
The acceleration reaches a steady value around the time t = 0.1 s.
Figure 6 shows the frequency spectrum for the acceleration signal displayed in Figure 5.
For both the y and z components of the acceleration, the spectrum contains one
dominating frequency around 65 Hz which is approximately 0.43 times the rotational
frequency of the rotor. This type of whirling is often categorized as a half-frequency whirl.
Contributions of other frequencies are small except for the one around 130 Hz. This
produces some perturbations of the acceleration curve, as can be observed by the wiggles
in Figure 5.
Modeling Instructions
From the File menu, choose New.
NEW
In the New window, click Model Wizard.
MODEL WIZARD
1 In the Model Wizard window, click 3D.
2 In the Select Physics tree, select Structural Mechanics>Rotordynamics>
Beam Rotor with Hydrodynamic Bearing.
3 Click Add.
4 Click Study.
ROOT
Parameters
On the Home toolbar, click Parameters.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Parameters
1 In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section.
2 In the table, enter the following settings:
GEOMETRY 1
Now you create plain surfaces at the ends of the rotor to represent bearing.
Cylinder 1 (cyl1)
1 On the Geometry toolbar, click Cylinder.
Cylinder 2 (cyl2)
1 Right-click Cylinder 1 (cyl1) and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Cylinder, locate the Position section.
3 In the x text field, type L-Lj.
4 Click Build All Objects.
5 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
MATERIALS
Material 1 (mat1)
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) right-click Materials and
choose Blank Material.
2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Geometric Entity Selection section.
3 From the Geometric entity level list, choose Edge.
4 From the Selection list, choose All edges.
5 In the Model Builder window, expand the Material 1 (mat1) node, then click Basic.
6 In the Settings window for Property Group, locate the Output Properties and Model Inputs
section.
7 Find the Quantities subsection. In the tree, select Output Properties>Density.
8 Click Add.
9 In the tree, select Output Properties>Poisson’s Ratio.
10 Click Add.
11 In the tree, select Output Properties>Young’s Modulus.
12 Click Add.
13 Find the Output properties subsection. In the table, enter the following settings:
Gravity 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Edges and choose Gravity.
2 Select Edge 6 only.
3 In the Model Builder window’s toolbar, click the Show button and select
Advanced Physics Options in the menu.
You enable the Advanced Physics Option to add caviation in the model.
You need to change the default mesh using the following sequence of commands. This is
needed for the accurate coupling between rotor and bearing.
MESH 1
Edge 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) right-click Mesh 1 and choose
More Operations>Edge.
2 In the Settings window for Edge, type Beam Rotor in the Label text field.
3 Select Edge 6 only.
Distribution 1
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Mesh 1>Beam Rotor and choose Distribution.
2 In the Settings window for Distribution, locate the Distribution section.
3 In the Number of elements text field, type 150.
Mapped 1
1 In the Model Builder window, right-click Mesh 1 and choose More Operations>Mapped.
2 Right-click Mapped 1 and choose Rename.
3 In the Rename Mapped dialog box, type Bearing in the New label text field.
4 Click OK.
5 Click in the Graphics window and then press Ctrl+A to select all boundaries.
Distribution 1
1 Right-click Component 1 (comp1)>Mesh 1>Bearing and choose Distribution.
2 Select Edges 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 15, 17, and 19 only.
3 In the Settings window for Distribution, locate the Distribution section.
4 In the Number of elements text field, type 20.
Distribution 2
1 Right-click Bearing and choose Distribution.
2 Select Edges 8 and 20 only.
3 In the Settings window for Distribution, locate the Distribution section.
4 In the Number of elements text field, type 3.
STUDY 1
Solution 1 (sol1)
You need to change the default scaling of the dependent variable pfilm.
RESULTS
Stress (rotbm)
The default plots Figure 2 and Figure 3 show rotor stress and fluid pressure respectively.
Data Sets
Duplicate the solution and select only one bearing to display the fluid pressure on it.
Selection
1 Right-click Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) and choose Duplicate.
Contour 1
Remove the color legend in the pressure contour for better clarity.
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Fluid Pressure (hdb) node, then click Contour 1.
2 In the Settings window for Contour, locate the Coloring and Style section.
3 Clear the Color legend check box.
4 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
1D Plot Group 3
Use the following instructions to plot the y-z plane orbit of the journal at bearing as shown
in Figure 4.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Orbit and choose Point Graph.
2 Select Point 3 only.
3 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
4 In the Expression text field, type w/C.
5 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
6 In the Expression text field, type v/C.
7 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
From the Color list, choose Magenta.
Use the following instructions to plot the y and z acceleration vs. time as shown in
Figure 5.
1D Plot Group 4
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Acceleration vs. time in the Label
text field.
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Acceleration vs. time and choose Point Graph.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, type y acceleration in the Label text field.
3 Select Point 3 only.
4 Locate the y-Axis Data section. In the Expression text field, type vtt.
5 Click to expand the Title section. From the Title type list, choose Manual.
6 Locate the Coloring and Style section. In the Width text field, type 3.
7 Click to expand the Legends section. From the Legends list, choose Manual.
8 Select the Show legends check box.
9 In the table, enter the following settings:
Legends
y acceleration
y acceleration 1
1 Right-click Results>Acceleration vs. time>y acceleration and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, type z acceleration in the Label text field.
3 Locate the y-Axis Data section. In the Expression text field, type wtt.
Legends
z acceleration
y acceleration
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Results>y acceleration spectrum node, then
click y acceleration.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the x-Axis Data section.
3 From the Parameter list, choose Frequency spectrum.
4 Select the Scale check box.
z acceleration
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results>y acceleration spectrum click z acceleration.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the x-Axis Data section.
3 From the Parameter list, choose Frequency spectrum.
4 Select the Scale check box.
5 On the y acceleration spectrum toolbar, click Plot.
This model is licensed under the COMSOL Software License Agreement 5.3.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. See www.comsol.com/trademarks.
Introduction
A simply supported rotor supported by two end bearings is considered. Eigenfrequency
and transient with FFT analyses are performed to obtain the critical speed and stability
characteristics of the rotor.
Model Definition
The model consists of a rotor supported by two end bearings, with multiple disks mounted
at different locations on the rotor. The geometry of the rotor is shown in Figure 1.
• An eigenfrequency analysis.
• A transient with FFT analysis for different angular speeds of the rotor. This analysis
looks at the frequency spectrum of the rotor and how it changes with the rpm.
PROPERTY VALUE
Properties of the disks and bearings used in this analysis are given in Table 2 and Table 3:
TABLE 2: DISK PROPERTIES.
C A S E 2 — TR A N S I E N T W I T H F F T A N A L Y S I S
In this case, there is only a single disk with a radial offset mounted on the rotor. The
bearings are modeled by using the nonlinear stiffness and damping constants obtained by
the short-bearing approximation of the Reynolds equation for a plain hydrodynamic
bearing. This option is in-built in COMSOL Multiphysics. Bending stiffness and
rotational damping of the bearing are neglected also in this case. Structural damping is
added to damp the high frequency vibrations of the rotor and also to stabilize the time-
dependent solver. The angular speed of the shaft is varied from 2000 rpm to 30,000 rpm
in steps of 2000 rpm. Variations in the frequency spectrum and orbits of the various points
on the rotor are studied.
In this analysis only the second disk from the first analysis is retained, and it is given an
eccentricity of 0.1 mm. The bearing properties for this analysis are given in Table 4.
TABLE 4: BEARING PROPERTIES.
PROPERTIES VALUES
Clearance C 10-4 m
Radius of the journal R d/2
PROPERTIES VALUES
t0
t Ω0 t0
2π = 0 Ω0 ----t0 dt = ------------
2
Therefore,
4π 2 120
t 0 = ------- = --- = ----------
Ω0 f N
where f is the frequency corresponding to the angular speed and N is the rpm. Therefore,
the function describing the angular speed is
t t
Ω = Ω 0 ---- ---- ≤ 1 + ---- > 1 = Ω 0 ramp ----
t t
t t t t
0 0 0 0
EIGENFREQUENCY ANALYSIS
The whirl plot for the third mode is shown in Figure 2. In this mode, the gyroscopic effect
is not significant on disk 1 and disk 3 because of negligible slopes. However, disk 2 is
affected significantly by the gyroscopic effects.
The logarithmic decrement is a parameter that can be used as a measure of the damping
in the system. The expression for the logarithmic decrement in terms of eigenvalues is:
imag ( ω )
δ = 2π -----------------------
abs ( ω )
TR A N S I E N T W I T H F F T A N A L Y S I S
The waterfall plot for the absolute z-displacement at the first bearing location is shown in
Figure 5. The waterfall plot shows the variation in the frequency spectrum of the rotor
with the change in its angular speed. In this case, three dominant frequencies are observed
in the waterfall plot. A longer duration of the transient simulation will increase the
frequency resolution and with the use of smaller time step higher frequencies can be
captured too, but, it will require larger simulation time. System may vibrate at different
frequencies simultaneously due to various sources of the excitation. In such a case multiple
peaks can be observed in the waterfall plot.
Figure 6 shows an orbit plot at the first bearing location. The color of the orbit changes
from blue to red as the simulation time increases. Color pattern shows that the point on
The Transient with FFT study first obtains the transient response of the rotor and
subsequently takes the Fourier transform to convert it into a frequency spectrum. Note
that using such a study sequence you lose all the transient solutions except the one for the
last parameter. If you also want the transient solutions for each angular speed parameter,
you need to store the solutions manually.
NEW
In the New window, click Model Wizard.
MODEL WIZARD
1 In the Model Wizard window, click 3D.
2 In the Select Physics tree, select Structural Mechanics>Rotordynamics>
Beam Rotor (rotbm).
3 Click Add.
4 Click Study.
5 In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>Eigenfrequency.
6 Click Done.
GLOBAL DEFINITIONS
Parameters
1 On the Home toolbar, click Parameters.
2 In the Settings window for Parameters, locate the Parameters section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
GEOMETRY 1
MATERIALS
Material 1 (mat1)
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) right-click Materials and
choose Blank Material.
2 In the Settings window for Material, locate the Material Contents section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
Disk 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Disk.
2 Select Point 2 only.
3 In the Settings window for Disk, locate the Disk Properties section.
4 In the m text field, type m_d1.
5 In the Ip text field, type Jp_d1.
6 In the Id text field, type Jd_d1.
Disk 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Disk.
2 Select Point 3 only.
3 In the Settings window for Disk, locate the Disk Properties section.
4 In the m text field, type m_d2.
5 In the Ip text field, type Jp_d2.
6 In the Id text field, type Jd_d2.
Disk 3
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Disk.
2 Select Point 4 only.
3 In the Settings window for Disk, locate the Disk Properties section.
4 In the m text field, type m_d3.
5 In the Ip text field, type Jp_d3.
6 In the Id text field, type Jd_d3.
Journal Bearing 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Journal Bearing.
2 Select Point 1 only.
k1yy 0
0 k1zz
c1yy 0
0 c1zz
Journal Bearing 2
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Journal Bearing.
2 Select Point 5 only.
3 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Bearing Properties section.
4 From the Bearing model list, choose Total spring and damping constant.
5 In the ku table, enter the following settings:
k2yy 0
0 k2zz
c2yy 0
0 c2zz
STUDY 1
Use a parametric step to sweep the angular speed of the rotor from 0 to 35000 rpm in the
steps of 500 rpm.
Parametric Sweep
1 On the Study toolbar, click Parametric Sweep.
2 In the Settings window for Parametric Sweep, locate the Study Settings section.
3 Click Add.
4 Click to select row number 1 in the table.
Step 1: Eigenfrequency
1 In the Model Builder window, under Study 1 click Step 1: Eigenfrequency.
2 In the Settings window for Eigenfrequency, locate the Study Settings section.
3 Select the Desired number of eigenfrequencies check box.
4 In the associated text field, type 20.
Error occurred when generating instruction for method
’XDialog.doSetCombo(eigunit, RPM, true). Cause: Index out of range in combo box
’eigunit’.
5 In the Model Builder window, click Study 1.
6 In the Settings window for Study, type Study: Eigenfrequency in the Label text field.
7 On the Study toolbar, click Compute.
RESULTS
Whirl (rotbm)
Follow the steps below to generate the whirl plot as shown in Figure 2.
Whirl 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Whirl (rotbm) node, then click Whirl 1.
2 In the Settings window for Whirl, locate the Coloring and Style section.
3 In the Number of planes text field, type 6.
4 On the Whirl (rotbm) toolbar, click Plot.
5 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
To generate the Campbell plot, shown in Figure 3, follow the steps below.
1D Plot Group 2
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
Global 1
1 Right-click Campbell Plot and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Axis source data list, choose Outer solutions.
5 From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
6 In the Expression text field, type Ow.
7 From the Unit list, choose RPM.
8 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section.
Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list, choose Dashed.
9 From the Color list, choose Blue.
10 In the Width text field, type 3.
11 Click to expand the Legends section. Clear the Show legends check box.
12 On the Campbell Plot toolbar, click Plot.
Campbell Plot
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Campbell Plot.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, locate the Data section.
3 From the Eigenfrequency selection list, choose Manual.
4 In the Eigenfrequency indices (1-20) text field, type range(1,1,10).
Global 2
1 Right-click Results>Campbell Plot and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study: Eigenfrequency/Parametric Solutions 1 (sol2).
4 From the Eigenfrequency selection list, choose Last.
6 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Axis source data list, choose Outer solutions.
7 From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
8 In the Expression text field, type Ow.
9 From the Unit list, choose RPM.
10 Locate the Coloring and Style section. In the Width text field, type 3.
11 From the Color list, choose Red.
12 Locate the Legends section. Clear the Show legends check box.
13 On the Campbell Plot toolbar, click Plot.
Campbell Plot
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Campbell Plot.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, click to expand the Title section.
3 From the Title type list, choose Manual.
4 In the Title text area, type Whirl Speed Map.
5 Locate the Plot Settings section. Select the y-axis label check box.
6 In the associated text field, type Natural frequency (RPM).
Annotation 1
1 Right-click Results>Campbell Plot and choose Annotation.
2 In the Settings window for Annotation, locate the Annotation section.
3 In the Text text field, type \\\ω =Ω.
4 Locate the Coloring and Style section. Select the LaTeX markup check box.
5 From the Color list, choose Red.
6 Locate the Position section. In the X text field, type 30000.
7 In the Y text field, type 30000.
8 On the Campbell Plot toolbar, click Plot.
9 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
The next instructrucions show how to plot the logarithmic decrement as function of rpm,
as shown in Figure 4.
Global 1
1 Right-click Logarithmic Decrement and choose Global.
2 In the Settings window for Global, locate the y-Axis Data section.
3 In the table, enter the following settings:
4 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Axis source data list, choose Outer solutions.
5 From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
6 In the Expression text field, type Ow.
7 From the Unit list, choose RPM.
8 Locate the Coloring and Style section. Find the Line style subsection. From the Line list,
choose Dashed.
9 From the Color list, choose Blue.
10 In the Width text field, type 3.
11 Locate the Legends section. Clear the Show legends check box.
12 On the Logarithmic Decrement toolbar, click Plot.
13 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Eigenfrequency Analysis is complete now. Refer the next section for the Transient with FFT
Analysis.
Ramp 1 (rm1)
1 On the Home toolbar, click Functions and choose Global>Ramp.
2 In the Settings window for Ramp, locate the Parameters section.
3 Select the Cutoff check box.
Add a new Beam Rotor physics node. This step is not necessary. However, to run both
Eigenfreuency and Transient with FFT studies independently, this is recommended.
ADD PHYSICS
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Physics to open the Add Physics window.
2 Go to the Add Physics window.
3 In the tree, select Structural Mechanics>Rotordynamics>Beam Rotor (rotbm).
4 Find the Physics interfaces in study subsection. In the table, clear the Solve check box for
Study: Eigenfrequency.
5 Click Add to Component in the window toolbar.
6 On the Home toolbar, click Add Physics to close the Add Physics window.
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Beam Rotor 2 (rotbm2) click
Linear Elastic Material 1.
Damping 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Attributes and choose Damping.
2 In the Settings window for Damping, locate the Damping Settings section.
3 In the αdM text field, type 109.62.
4 In the βdK text field, type 0.0001.
Disk 2
Only disk 2 with eccentricity is considered in this analysis. Copy the feature from Beam
Rotor physics node to current physics.
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1)>Beam Rotor (rotbm) right-
click Disk 2 and choose Copy.
Disk 1
1 In the Model Builder window, under Component 1 (comp1) right-click
Beam Rotor 2 (rotbm2) and choose Paste Disk.
2 In the Settings window for Disk, locate the Disk Properties section.
3 From the Center of mass list, choose Offset from selected points.
4 In the zr text field, type 1e-4.
Journal Bearing 1
1 On the Physics toolbar, click Points and choose Journal Bearing.
2 Select Points 1 and 5 only.
Bearings are modeled using the equivalent dynamic coefficients for a plain
hydrodynamic bearing.
3 In the Settings window for Journal Bearing, locate the Bearing Properties section.
4 From the Bearing model list, choose Plain hydrodynamic.
5 From the μ list, choose User defined. In the associated text field, type mu_l.
6 In the C text field, type C.
7 In the R text field, type d_s/2.
8 In the L text field, type d_s.
ADD STUDY
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to open the Add Study window.
2 Go to the Add Study window.
3 Find the Studies subsection. In the Select Study tree, select Preset Studies>
Time Dependent with FFT.
4 Find the Physics interfaces in study subsection. In the table, clear the Solve check box for
Beam Rotor (rotbm).
5 Click Add Study in the window toolbar.
6 On the Home toolbar, click Add Study to close the Add Study window.
STUDY 2
Add a parametric step to sweep the rpm from 2000 to 30000 in the steps of 2000.
Parametric Sweep
On the Study toolbar, click Parametric Sweep.
S T U D Y : TR A N S I E N T W I T H F F T
Parametric Sweep
1 In the Settings window for Parametric Sweep, locate the Study Settings section.
2 Click Add.
3 Click to select row number 1 in the table.
4 In the table, enter the following settings:
5 Click to expand the Study extensions section. Locate the Study Extensions section. From
the Use parametric solver list, choose Off.
Set the FFT solver to use the solution from the time dependent study step.
Solution 74 (sol74)
On the Study toolbar, click Compute.
RESULTS
Follow the steps below to generate the waterfall plot as shown in Figure 5.
3D Plot Group 4
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 3D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 3D Plot Group, type Waterfall in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Study: Transient with FFT/
Parametric Solutions 2 (sol76).
Waterfall 1
1 On the Waterfall toolbar, click More Plots and choose Waterfall.
2 In the Settings window for Waterfall, locate the Data section.
3 From the Data set list, choose Study: Transient with FFT/Parametric Solutions 2 (sol76).
4 Select Point 1 only.
5 Locate the Expression section. In the Expression text field, type min(abs(w2),5e-8).
6 Locate the x-Axis Data section. In the Expression text field, type freq.
Waterfall
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Waterfall.
2 Click Plot.
3 Click the Scene Light button on the Graphics toolbar.
To generate the orbit plot at the first bearing location, shown in Figure 6, use the
following instructions.
1D Plot Group 5
1 On the Home toolbar, click Add Plot Group and choose 1D Plot Group.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Orbit (bearing) in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Data section. From the Data set list, choose Study: Transient with FFT/
Solution Store 1 (sol75).
Point Graph 1
1 Right-click Orbit (bearing) and choose Point Graph.
2 Select Point 1 only.
3 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the y-Axis Data section.
4 In the Expression text field, type w2.
5 Locate the x-Axis Data section. From the Parameter list, choose Expression.
6 In the Expression text field, type v2.
7 Click to expand the Coloring and style section. Locate the Coloring and Style section. In
the Width text field, type 3.
Use the time in the color expression to highlight the time progress in the orbit.
Color Expression 1
1 Right-click Results>Orbit (bearing)>Point Graph 1 and choose Color Expression.
2 In the Settings window for Color Expression, locate the Expression section.
3 In the Expression text field, type t.
Orbit (bearing)
1 In the Model Builder window, under Results click Orbit (bearing).
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, click to expand the Title section.
3 From the Title type list, choose Manual.
4 In the Title text area, type Orbit at the bearing.
5 Locate the Axis section. Select the Preserve aspect ratio check box.
6 On the Orbit (bearing) toolbar, click Plot.
7 Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.
Duplicate the current plot to generate the orbit plot at the disk location, shown in
Figure 7.
Orbit (bearing) 1
1 Right-click Results>Orbit (bearing) and choose Duplicate.
2 In the Settings window for 1D Plot Group, type Orbit (disk) in the Label text field.
3 Locate the Title section. In the Title text area, type Orbit at the disk.
Point Graph 1
1 In the Model Builder window, expand the Results>Orbit (disk) node, then click
Point Graph 1.
2 In the Settings window for Point Graph, locate the Selection section.
3 Click Clear Selection.
4 Select Point 3 only.
5 On the Orbit (disk) toolbar, click Plot.
Orbit (disk)
Click the Zoom Extents button on the Graphics toolbar.