CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

The issue of student athletes and their academic success has been a rampant

problem for many years around the world. Time management plays an active role in

improving student’s academic performance. Student athletes must balance different

activities such as extra and co-curricular activities. They must give time both in their

obligations at school and outside campus activities especially their field that they are good

at. Time management is very important and it may actually affect individual's overall

performance and achievements. However, all of these are related by how individuals

manage their time to suit their daily living or to make it flow steadily with their routines.

According to Khan, M.S. (2015), in these days, people sees the time as an indefinite

divisible and usable commodity. In the course of time, all materials and human resources

possessed by the organizations can be enhanced; yet the only asset that cannot be changed

or purchased or stored is time itself. Effectively managing this resource that each one

possesses equally and paying sufficient emphasis to planning is the secret inn achieving

success in life. Level of knowledge and skills expected from modern employees as further

increase the necessity of time planning.

 One case to ponder on is Yeng Remulla(2011) on “manyana habit” on her

book(Productive Pinoy) says that “manyana habit is something that the Filipinos have

learned from Spaniards. The word “manyana” means tomorrow or specified future time,

also known as procrastination in plain English, “mamaya na” in Filipino. Little as it known,

procrastination becomes a habit but Remulla (2011) contends that with a behavior that

acquired through frequent repetition, no amount of planning or preparation can change.

The only way to change a habit is to replace it with another habit. However, the traits

concerning negative time management is neither inclusive nor exclusive, individuality

plays a role. One‘s style of treating time may vary from one to other. Especially with the

case of students who are taught of the value of time and deviated from their awareness its

significance and the role it takes for success and development. Students are aware of the

value of time. They know the saying that time is gold, but they don‘t internalize the practice

of this precious proverb. They have shallow understanding of time, which is a

misconception of time. It is therefore important give them the concept of time management.

With an efficient time management behavior, come grater chances of completing asks, ease

of learning, more leisure time; And with these, security of high rating in achievement in

different academic domain. It would be least ensured by the students who practices proper

time management are good study habits. Having these concepts, this study becomes a thrust

to determine how first year students of Philippine Normal University manage time and its

relation to science achievement.

 Sunstar Davao published an article about managing time. Canedo, K,V. (2016)

reported that Lawyer Nestor Ledesma, the current head of the Davao City Prosecutor’s

Office (CPO) is a prosecutor, a father of four, a loving husband, but they must also know

one thing about him, and that is the point of his life where he wore two hats for a time.

Before Ledesma applied and was appointed for the position of the City Prosecutor last year,

he spent 35 years in private law practice, worked for 12 years as a president of college,

Polytechnic College of Digos, and also worked for 20 years as a law professor at the Ateneo

de Davao University all at the same time.

For a time, he was also the Davao City Administrator from 1998-2001. When asked, how

did he do it all, Ledesma answered, time management. He said that he does not have to be

present in the school and office 24 hours a day and his vice president and other staff is only

one call away, which helped him in balancing his job.

It also helped that he knew how to manage people in those different worlds.
 Rationale

The research aims to determine the relationship between the time management of

student athletes to their academic performance. They want to discover how student athletes

balance their time in both academic performance and their athletic obligations. This study

will improve student athletes’ discipline and commitment in doing both academic and non-

academic activities. Its significance to the researchers is that most of the researchers are

student athletes. The researchers came up to this to know the importance of managing one’s

time and to help other student athletes including themselves. The findings in the study may

provide insights into the impact of student athletes’ to their daily routine for them to

discipline and help them balance their time.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to examine how student athletes manage their time in

academics and other fields. The researchers aim the answer the following questions:

1. What will happen to the student athletes’ academic performance if she/he

practices managing of time?

2. If a student athlete fails in managing one’s time, what would be the effect on its

academic performance?

3. How would you manage your time in your academic performances and in other

fields as a student athlete?

 Conceptual Framework

TIME MANAGEMENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

The chart shows the Independent and Dependent Variable of the research. The

independent variable of the study is Time Management while the dependent variable is the

Academic performance itself. Once the independent variable will be affected which is the

time management, there is a tendency that the dependent variable itself will deteriorate

which is the Academic Performance. Either of the two variables will be affected if one will

goes up or down.
 Theoretical Framework

Time Management of the JHS

Student-Athletes to their
Academic Performances.

Maslow’s Theory (1948): The Wright’s Theory of

Parkinson’s Law –
Pickle Jar- The
Reduce the Time
Theory of Hierarchy Needs Assigned to Each Cost of Small Time
Consuming Tasks
Task
Pickle Jar Theory by Jeremy Wright (2002) – The Cost of Small Time Consuming Tasks

The Pickle Jar Theory illustrates how relatively unimportant tasks or commitments

can easily take up much of a person’s time. Filling one’s day with small trivial tasks that

are not important prevents one from using that time to complete larger or more important

tasks and projects. The theory uses a pickle jar and its contents to represent time

management. The inside of the pickle jar represents a person’s time, and all the different

tasks and commitments that take up that time are represented by rocks, pebbles, sand and

water that are placed into the jar. Rocks are the important things that require immediate,

significant attention, and produce a huge benefit when they are accomplished. Pebbles

produce a benefit, but they are not as important as the tasks represented by the larger rocks.

Grains of sand signify small, time-consuming tasks that are relatively easy to do but are of

little importance, filling in the leftover space. Things like text messages, constant email

checking, and idle chit-chat all take time, but generate little benefit. The final component,

water, fills in what little space remains, and represents the tasks and idle moments that fill

all the remaining space. The key to using the Pickle Jar Theory is to be aware of which
tasks are “rocks,” providing large benefits and requiring immediate attention. Once you

know which tasks are “rocks,” you can turn your attention to the “sand,” paring it away to

make room for more rocks. Various techniques can be used to diminish the number of

grains of sand in the jar. This resource discusses a technique known as batching. Batching

is a way to combine many small tasks into one block of time, such as reviewing one’s email

inbox only once or twice each day instead of four times an hour, leading to less time wasted

on “sand.” Techniques like batching, however, rely on an understanding of the Pickle Jar

Theory. Being able to determine which tasks are unnecessary “sand” will allow you to

focus your attention on the “rocks” and “pebbles.”

Maslow’s Theory (1948): The Theory of Hierarchy Needs

According to the “Theory of Human Motivation” as proposed by Abraham Maslow

(1948), there are at least five sets of goals, which we may call basic needs. These are briefly

physiological, safety, love, 'esteem, and self-actualization. In addition, we are motivated

by the desire to achieve or maintain the various conditions upon which these basic

satisfactions rest and by certain more intellectual desires. These basic goals are related to

each other, being arranged in a hierarchy of prepotency.The theory states that it is

important to match time management with other human needs and to integrate all activities

into a nourishing complex. Maslow defends that it an efficient use of time helps people

achieve higher goals and even fulfillment and that interests in great efficiency should not

make human sacrifices more important things such as meaning and purpose. Maslow’s

theory is dedicated to helping people understand their needs, differentiate them and set

appropriated time limits in order to get each activity realized without ignoring essential

aspects of one’s life.

Parkinson’s Law – Reduce the Time Assigned to Each Task

Parkinson’s Law is simple and straightforward: the time required to complete a

particular task will expand according to the amount of time it is allotted. Giving yourself

less time to do something will lead to faster completion. Slowly reduce the time allotted

for any given task, and eventually you’ll find the sweet spot in which it gets completed

without feeling rushed. Like the other theories, this changes the way you approach using

your time, illustrating that less time can lead to better, more effective work. Cyril Northcote

Parkinson was a British author who once observed this phenomenon firsthand. Assigning

two hours to complete a task that could be completed in less than one hour will result the

two hours being consumed anyway, but with the excess hour spent on planning, worrying,

and agonizing. People will almost always fill all assigned time, but what they fill it with

changes if they have too much excess. Interested in testing the theory? Try allocating half

as much time each morning to a mundane task like checking your email. If necessary, set

a timer. You will likely find yourself dealing with each item in your email account’s inbox

a little faster. At the end of the time, look at how much you accomplished in the time you

set. The odds are good that you’ll exceed your own expectations. Before you go too far

congratulating yourself for a job well done, try cutting the time again the following day.

As you continue to allow yourself less time, you will likely begin prioritizing only those

emails that actually matter, skimming subject lines and dumping spam, advertisements, or

other meaningless messages. Your attention