Introduction

Tool and die makers are highly skilled machinists. They produce tools, dies, and parts of
machines used to manufacture a variety of products. Although many workers do both tool and
die making, they are actually two different processes. Tool makers build and repair cutting and
shaping devices for machine tools, devices that guide the cutting tools (jigs), and devices that
firmly hold the metal being cut (fixtures). They also make and repair gauges and other measuring
devices. Die makers construct and repair metal forms—called dies—that are used in stamping
and forging metal. They also make molds for plastics, ceramics, and other composite materials.
Some die makers design and repair dies, jigs, and tools.

The tool and die industry is an industry that uses general and specialized metal cutting
technology to fabricate dies, molds and toolings employed to convert raw material into a
required shape. The common products of this sector include dies (simple, compound and
progressive), molds (for forging, plastics injection or blow molding, die casting, glass blow
molding) and tools, e.g. jigs and fixtures used for cutting and shaping different materials. Molds
are shaping implements for glass, metal, rubber and plastics components through processes such
as die casting, blow molding or sheet stamping. Both molds and dies are used to give a material a
final or intermediate shape thus these products are found at the forefront of the shaping and
fabrication industries. Tool and dies normally are ready to use products either as standalone
(molds) or as an attachment to a machine (die).

The products of the tool and die industry are typically made by mold and die makers using
general, conventional and specialized metal cutting technology, like computer numerically
controlled (CNC) cutting machines, employing special tool steel materials which are either pre-
hardened or which undergoes heat treatment after the desired tool has been cut to shape. The
skill levels of mold and die makers are of the craftsmen level which requires talent and
experience, although the use of CNCs improves the productivity of some.

1. Solve the other sided c of the spherical triangle whose given parts are: a = 72ᵒ 27’, b = 61ᵒ 49’
and C = 90ᵒ.
2. Solve the other side the given isosceles spherical triangle with given A = B = 64ᵒ 38’ and side b =
81ᵒ 14’.
3. Solve the angles of the spherical triangle whose given sides are the following: a = 120ᵒ, b = 73ᵒ
and c = 63ᵒ.
4. Find the area of the spherical triangle in preceding problem, if R = 6,400 km.
5. Find the difference in time between manila (14ᵒ36’ N, 121ᵒ 05’E) and Tokyo (35ᵒ39’N, 139ᵒ45’E).
6. Find the distance between Manila (14ᵒ36’N, 121ᵒ05’E) and Tokyo (35ᵒ39’N, 139ᵒ45’E).