RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASTIC WASTE AND SOIL POLLUTION

ALONG WITH WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN KLOJEN MALANG

To Fullfill the Course Assignment

Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Lingkungan (Basic of Environmental Science)

Which is Guided by Mr. Dr. Sueb, M.Kes

Presented after midterm exam

By :

Group 10 Offering G 2017

1. Hilda Dwi Anjani : 170342615583

2. Mita Berliana : 170342615544

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MAJOR S1 BIOLOGY
February 2018
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Some pollutants are natural material that either get in the wrong place or
become too concetrated in some places. Consider soil as an example. Soil can
become a pollutant by getting into water or air. Soil is also a part of the
environment that receive pollutans. Soil can depollute some materials by
decomposing them into harmless and products such as carbon dioxide and water.
Useful plant nutrients are often released by decomposition of pollutans. But, there
are some materials that are difficult or impossible to decompose. Accumulation of
such materials can pollute the soil (Loius & Frederick, 1979).
One of the causes of soil pollution is waste. Waste that is not properly treated
or even piling up the soil and even the dust in the soil can reduce the soil fertility.
Indonesia, the world's second biggest contributor to plastic waste, is in a state
of emergency with regard to waste problems. Its decaying trash disposal sites are
struggling to cope with tens of millions of tons of waste every year ( Jong, 2015).
The World Bank estimates that each of Indonesia’s 250 million inhabitants is
responsible for between 0.8 and 1kg of plastic waste per annum.
Indonesia’s commitment is part of the UN’s new clean seas campaign, which
aims to tackle consumer plastics through a range of actions – from cutting down
on single use plastics such as shopping bags and coffee cups to pressuring firms
to cut down on plastic packaging. But Indonesia’s target of a 70% reduction by
2025 is ambitious. Across the country’s 17,000 islands there is poor public
understanding of the problems created by plastic waste ( Langenheim, 2017 ).
Plastic pollution is just one of the threats to these ecosystems services, but it’s
a serious one. A recent study suggests that by 2050, there could be more plastic
than biomass in the world’s oceans ( Langenheim, 2017 ). Plastics have entered
the marine food chain and are already reaching our dinner plates.
 The research said that solid waste management practices. The main categories
of waste generated in households are fixed food (38%) and plastics (37%). So
plastic waste is a serious problem that must be addressed (Trasias et. al, 2016)
Malang is one of the big cities in Indonesia in which its number of citizens is
growing every year and the amount of waste which is also increasing. Regional
growth and development in Malang give significant impact on several
development aspects including the environment. Population activities and
consumptions in urban and rural area have influence on waste increase. The solid
waste from households becomes problems of the community and government.
The increasing volume of the garbage was not balance with the waste
management program.
According to data published in the daily online newspaper Antara News, the
volume of domestic waste especially in Malang, during Ramadhan 2016
increased from ordinary days that average reached 600 tons to 680 tons per day
due to the popularity of takjil market in some points (Tri Ratomo, 2016).
According to daily newspaper online Surya Malang on 22 january 2018 ago,
Malang city government has promoted CCTV in road, bridge, market, and other
crowded place. But in fact all of this is not effective because of the lack of human
resources to monitor CCTV (Surya Malang, 2018).
1.2 Problem Formulation
Based on the background, the problems discussed can be formulated as follows.
1. What are the impacts of waste problem in Malang?
2. How is proper solid waste management?
3. How to prevention of waste problem in Malang?

1.3 Purpose of the paper

Based on the problems, the goals that discussed can be formulated as follows.
1. Know what is the impacts of waste problem.
2. Know the dangers of toxins from waste.
3. Know how to prevention of waste problem
 CHAPTER 2
THEORITICAL REVIEW

2.1 Solid Waste

Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater
treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility
and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained
gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and
agricultural operations, and from community activities (Department of
Enviromental Conservation, 2014).
Example of solid waste include the following materials when
discarded, waste tires, septage, scrap metal, latex paints, furniture and toys,
garbage, appliances and vehicles, oil and anti freeze, empty aerosol cans, paint
cans and compressed gas cylinders, construction and demolition debris,
asbestos.
2.2 The Impact of Waste Problem
Garbage is a major problem when dealing with densely populated
populations in an area. Of course the population is directly proportional to the
waste problem. Plastic is often used as a wrapper. In everyday life we often
encounter plastic. This becomes a serious problem when the plastic becomes
garbage. Because the plastic is very difficult to decipher. Not infrequently
people choose to burn plastic waste or bury it in the soil. This is not justified
because burying plastic can reduce soil fertility. Most of the food we eat is
sourced from plants that live on the ground. If the soil is infertile, it can not
grow the plants for us to eat.
If the problem of plastic waste continues to be left, not only land that
will not fertile, public health is disrupted and lead to disruption of social
activities. Budget for guidance of garbage problem will be more swell. But if
the problem of waste can be given properly the environment and public health
will be saved, not only that, Malang will be more advanced and can be an
 example for the City to do waste problems properly (Lingkungan Hidup,
2016)

2.3 Proper Management of Solid Waste

Proper waste management involves the use of garbage as a valuable resource,

usually by recycling items that don’t need to end up in a landfill yet. Here are
some ways to manage waste properly.

1. Source Reduction and Reuse

Reducing waste at the source is achieved by expanding recycling

efforts through creating recycling networks and providing on-site food
waste treatment facilities at residential and commercial properties. The
objective is to reduce the heavy reliance on raw materials that are
continuously getting depleted, in an effort to conserve the environment.

2. Recovery and Recycling

Recovery involves the use of discarded items for other meaningful

uses. The discarded items usually have to go through a bit of processing
to extract or recover resources, or to transform them into usable forms
of energy such as fuel, electricity, or heat.

Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new

products to prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw
materials. Recycling is tied to the first point of source reduction, and is
the third component of the waste management hierarchy: Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle. In addition to reducing the creation of new materials,
recycling decreases energy usage, reduces air and water pollution,
reduces the volume of trash sent to landfills, reduces greenhouse gas
emissions and preserve natural resources for future use.
3. Combustion/Incineration

Incineration or combustion is a type disposal method in which

municipal solid wastes are burned at high temperatures so as as to
convert them into residue and gaseous products. This means that the
residue occupies 20 to 30 percent of the landfill space that would have
been occupied by the solid waste, reducing the stress on landfills. Also
referred to as thermal treatment, this method can also be used to
generate heat, gas, and steam for power.

4. Composting

This is a natural bio-degradation process of organic wastes (kitchen

waste and plant remains) that converts them into nutrient-filled food for
plants. This is a common technique in organic farming, where the
organic materials sit in one place for months to allow for
decomposition.

5. Plasma Gasification

Plasma gasification is an emerging technology which can process

landfill waste to extract commodity recyclables and convert carbon-
based materials into fuels. It can form an integral component in a
system to achieve zero-waste and produce renewable fuels, whilst
caring for the environment ( Dogde, 2009 ). Plasma gasification refers
to the use of plasma torches as the heat source, as opposed to
conventional fires and furnaces. Plasma torches have the advantage of
being one of the most intense heat sources available while being
relatively simple to operate. Waste gasification typically operates at
temperatures of 1500C (2700F), and at those temperatures materials are
subject to a process called molecular disassociation, meaning their
 molecular bonds are broken down and in the process all toxins and
organic poisons are destroyed.

2.4 Prevention of Waste Problem

Our production and consumption lead to large quantities of waste. An

important element in work on eco‐cycles is therefore sustainable waste
management. Many are energy‐demanding to produce and contain substances
that exist in limited quantities. It is therefore necessary that we manage joint
resources in a long‐term manner to achieve sustainable cycles in society.
Consumption of energy for a product also has to be weighed into the
assessment. Producers must already take account of a product’s environmental
impact in a lifecycle perspective when it is manufactured. Design and material
selection, as well as energy consumption in manufacturing and use must be
taken into account. The strategy is aimed at bringing about a society with
non‐toxic andresource‐efficient cycles. This includes prevention of waste,
changed patterns of consumption, more efficient production methods and
waste managemen wtith a greater focus on recycling.

1. Resource Efficience
Resource efficiency is the proactive process of preventing spent materials
from entering air, land, or water. With this “up- stream” approach, we can
reduce or eliminate waste at the source and reduce the demand on natural.

2. Producer Responsibility
Producer responsibility exists for several products (packaging, waste paper,
cars, tyres, batteries and electrical and electronic products). The purpose of
producer responsibility is to reduce the quantity of waste, increase recycling
and achieve more environmentally sound product development. All producer
in Malang must be able to control the goods produced and also the waste
generated in the process of producing.
3. Prohibition of Landfilling Combustible and Organic Waste
Landfilling combustible often occurs not only in Malang, but also in other
cities. The purpose of these bonds is to improve the conservation of resources
and reduce environmental impact. The purpose of these bans is to improve the
conservation of resources and reduce environmental impact. Certain types of
waste should be landfilled for various reasons, for example because the
substances contained in the waste should not be dispersed or because
recycling is not possible in practice.

2.5 Profile of Klojen Malang City

Klojen is a sub-district located in the center of Malang City. Klojen is
one of the three oldest districts in Malang since it was designated as Township
during the Dutch occupation. Klojen own name is said to have been taken
from the word Loji, which is a fort or large buildings in the colonial period
located in the Claket area.

Administratively, Klojen District is surrounded by four other districts

in Malang. To the north, Klojen District is directly adjacent to Lowokwaru
District and Blimbing District. While in the east, the district is directly
adjacent to Kedungkandang District. While in the south, Klojen District is
bordered by District Sukun. Then, to the west, the district is bordered by
District Sukun and Kecamatan Lowokwaru (Aikabara, 2015).
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(https://ngalam.co/2015/12/30/profil-kecamatan-klojen-malang/) accesed 15
February 2018

Department of Enviromental Conservation. 2014. What is Solid Waste. (Online),

(http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8732.html) accesed 15 February 2018

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