7

Chapter II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents related readings and studies associated with the research

problem. The topics presented below discuss the facts about Web based Learning

resource.

Library

The word Library is derives from the word “Liber” meaning “Book” other

meaning for this is characterized as a physical space and building which bear several

book and other reading materials. It is said that a library is a collection of books and

sources of information that are arranged to facilitate reference. Library contains the facts

and data that most of the researchers are looking for. Those materials inside of it are

available for us to use and easily to access (Chowdhury,Burton,McMenemy&

Poulter,2008).

However, according to (History of Books and Libraries),p.12 reported that during the

Spanish time the school libraries has only few summarized documents available that

includes the presence of libraries in the Philippine centuries before the American

occupation. The book written by Blair and Robertson entitled “The Philippine Island” is

the earliest and only source of information. On March 11, 1892 the superior Normal

School was provided with a library. The government provides temporary placing of

books in the public schools to develop school libraries as stated in Act 1935, section 4.
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Library Management System

Library played a big role in human life and society in public especially for those

students that spending their time inside of it because it can provide a wide a range of

information to help them for better understanding of their lessons. As the traditional way

of using library to search and borrow books, people search books using catalogue and

when they get the provided book code, they start searching for the books in the bookshelf

until they find it. And for some researcher, this traditional way can take some time

especially when they have to search a lot of books. Problem in it is when the researchers

are doing a lot of things and would not be able to visit library. Another problem is the

library itself because there are still library that is not interesting due to its limited number

of books or collections (Lindy,Oktaviani,Willy and Prasetio, 2015).

To cater and satisfy the needs of the users and to engage themselves more in making use

of it is to have an organized management. Stueart and Moran(2007) discussed that

controlling and managing or what we call management defined in so many ways, but the

basic is making an organizational resources in achieving a goal that they’ve been set. The

manager is the one that is able to reach the objectives and making decision. They must

ensure that the goal they set must reach both effectively and efficiently.

Furthermore he said that any organization must have a management principles, libraries

or resource center cater adopt management from business industry and government.

Library in some cases is a part of government structure or any large organization so they

are required to have an organized management.

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As time goes by technology become part of everyone’s life as well (Yunus,Kadir,Mansor

& Kadir, 2009) advised that as technology increasing its advancement, the library should

follow the advancement of technology for it to be more interesting to visit by students

and researchers. Librarians or library staff should also improve their work with the help

of library system.

According to the study of Jomsri, (2018) He suggested a system that can assist a user to

find the book or reference their looking easily. It said that one of the major tool used in

library is a Recommender system a program that helps the user to get or discover the

books purposes. For the happening quickly of the use of science in industry for having

many forms or types of books is not being used because it is hard to discover inside the

learning resource management. This research presents a book suggestion for school

libraries to give help for the person enjoys learning and connected in the exactly topic

and faculty. The main reason of their research is to change by using special knowledge

which suggests for the appropriate books for the one who benefits according for the

faculty of the user profile with the kinds of books.

Morshed,(2008)Integrated library management system is a system that we can easily

access. Because software can retain all tracks of library operations. Integrated library

system has two interfaces: The client and the other one is the librarian. The client can

research, borrow books. The list of the books, thesis and journal are available to the

library: we can read the book, we can reserve book, and we can type and print

documents. While librarian can record documents, data and other library materials

because librarian have the power to control the whole system.

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Different Library Management System

In (Mutia,n.d) study he discussed the different library management system.

Cotabato Provincial Computerized Library System

In province of Cotabato, their library now is a computerized setup featuring

Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) system, barcode system and an E

library station. The main purpose of the provincial library is to transformed and

improve the use of the library. Also because of the ongoing advancement of

technology library should keep pace on it. The OPAC system allows the clients to

access the library materials easily. The Barcode scanners and labels ensure that all

library collections can easily locate for research and inventory purposes. The E-

library is the location of the four computer inside the library that can be used in

online browsing in accordance to prescribed internet hours of the provincial

government. It also have the access to some documents of the National Library of

the Philippines and locates some documents lodged at other provincial libraries.

The Library of IASRI – Indian Agriculture Statistics Research Institute

The Library of IASRI is one of the Regional Libraries of NARS (National

Agricultural Research System) of the country. The Library has an excellent print

and electronic resource base in the fields of Agricultural Statistics, Computer

Applications, Agricultural Economics and allied sciences to support teaching,

research and consultancy Library Information System of the Institute is

automated, bar-coded and partially digitized. All resources added in the library

have been bar-coded and updated in the Library Bibliographical Database using
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“Alice for Windows” Library Management software.in the relevant areas. This is

a sole referral library in Agricultural Statistics and Computer Applications in

India. It caters to the information needs of students, faculty, researchers, scientists

and trainees etc. not only of IASRI but also from different Institutes of ICAR and

State Agricultural Universities under NARS both in conventional as well as

electronic format.

King Saud University Electronic Library System

This ELECTRONIC LIBRARY System is consisting of four Parts; Firstly, the

Admin Side applications, through it the admin can manage the overall operations

of inserting and updating the specified books. Secondly, the Database, that hold

all books inserted by the Admin. Thirdly, the Internet Pluggable Protocol that

allow the operation of retrieving the books to User side. Lastly is the Reader

which is the original web browser in the user computer. This system is using a

CSLA .NET framework. It is an application development framework that reduces

the cost of building and maintaining applications. The framework enables the use

of object-oriented design as the basis for creating powerful applications. Business

objects based on the framework support many advanced features to simplify the

creation of Windows Forms, Web Forms and Web Services interfaces. The

administrator of this system has four major functions: Firstly, Entering Electronic

Library Data items like text, audio and video to produce the Data Base of the

Electronic Library so the users can have access to them. Secondly is Modifying

Electronic Library Data, where the Admin can update the data that are located in

the Electronic Library Data files so he can improve the contents of that library
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Data and avoid the errors that are located in the resources. Thirdly is Deleting

Electronic Library data, where the Admin can delete the unwanted Items in the

resources. Lastly is Searching & Retrieving Required Item where the Admin can

search for a specific item and retrieve it from the Library Data so he can do some

tasks on it such as: Checking on the item to test its readability and if it’s in a

suitable arrangement for the user and also he can perform some changes to the

files.

Web-Based Library Management System with PHP and MySQL OF

TURKU UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

The system provided a simple interface for quick book searching, lending and

returning. The interface was designed to mainly use for the common browsers,

making the system migration and usage easier. The book search and lending

management system which are developed are an important part of the whole

library management system, mainly for retrieval, query and lending of the books

in the library. This system used MySQL database management system as database

back-end and PHP as scripting language. The website implements search and

book lending management and the website includes different features like the

reader could search book according to the information they have by using the

search bar provided in the page. Also when searching, the result is fuzzy-match

which referred to the result can be found as long as the values stored in the

database could contain the input. The registered reader can borrow the books

based on the result they got from searching. After borrowing, the reader can
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return that they borrowed. The reader can check the availability of the book and

borrow.

Arrowhead Library System

At Arrowhead Library System, technology projects come under the name of

Compass. COMPASS provides a library management system that is administered

at the system level, a web catalogue of the holdings of members, links to

MnLINK and therefore the statewide catalogue, administration of internet and

staff email services which it provides to its members, group subscriptions to

databases not provided through ELM, and joint purchase of hardware and

software. Mail-A-Book is available to rural residents of the seven county region

who are house-bound or who live in a town without a public library. A collection

of library materials are shelved in the system building. The books are mostly

paperback format to save on postage. Catalogues and request cards are mailed to

mail-a-book members who then request items which are sent to them in specially

printed bags via the postal service.

The main purpose why those libraries engage in upgrading is to lessen the effort of the

librarian that is in charge of managing and the clients in transacting the library.
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SLSU-TC LIBRARY

According to the article of Ampil (2017), at the beginning, since the SLSU-TC

have no librarian, one of the faculty members, Mr. Ferdinand Rellorosa responsibly

organize the library during that time and he also prepared the documents for the

preliminary accreditation. Then after that, Ms. Shiela Mercado became the school

librarian but for only two months having 60 books that were classified, organized, and

barcoded.

On July 2015, Mr. Jonald Dedace came as the official librarian of SLSU-TC

library. He started to look forward to make the library more beneficial since it only have

500 donated books and malfunctioning equipment.

In the year 2016, one year after Mr. Dedace came, the library shifted at Building

B of SLSU-TC to provide more space for students and for new equipment requested by

Mr. Dedace including 5 bookshelves, 2 filing cabinets, 6 computers, 2 printers,

newspaper stand, 30 chairs, 5 standard reading tables and the Online Public Access

Catalog (OPAC) was also introduced to students for more convenient stay in the library.

In the year 2017, with the help of SLSU-TC Campus Director, Mr. Enrico Sajul,

administrators, Dr. Roberto Licup, and Ongkaoko family, the library again shifted at the

2nd floor of the new building, to provide a more accessible service with complete

facilities including librarian’s office, baggage counter, reading area, students-assistants

counter and computer areas, new equipment and learning resources which includes

pamphlet racks, division oblique hanging magazine rack, magazine rotator, sliding

cabinet, vertical filling cabinet, network hub, Wi-Fi router, barcode scanner, water
 15

dispenser, snap scan, 3 Epson printer, Epson receipt machine, newspaper rack, Xerox

machine and newly 3 installed aircon.

As of now, Mr. Dedace did not settle for less, he continues to request for more

like the installation of the internet which is on its bidding process.

Database Management System

Aparajitha, et al (2010) describe database management system (DBS) is compose

of computer programs or software programs that administer its some characteristics such

as the organization, storage, management, creation, maintenance, and the database of an

organization and its users. It is use to restore, update, and retrieve database.

Database is a collection of information that help programmer to easily accessed, managed

and updated. On the other words it is categorize to type of content, bibliographic, full-

text, numeric and images. It is said that database is designed to organized data according

to their sort (Calingasan,Falaminiano & Ragasa,2010).

Lungu, Velicanu and Botha, (2009) in the present time, database system (DBS) have a

great significant role in terms of knowledge-based society wherein computers have enter

or gain access to all activity and the World Wide Web tend to develop internationally.

According to (Norton,1996) the database management system is the tools of computer

that use to stored and process the data properly. Database is a store for all collecting data.

School database contains information about the students, teachers or other staff and also

the file about the school.

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Furthermore he argued that DBMS is a program that stored data and allow the clients to

access easily on it. Hence, database files can extremely enlarge a DBMS provide rapidly

access in particularly when it is running on powerful hardware. In fact one of the

important reasons to use a database is not just about the speed or retrieval of data, but it is

convenient data manipulation. In addition to provide easy access and data operation a

DBMS also provides data in separate database. Like an OS a DBMS can give

commission to the client and to the server. In other word the DBMS program gives them

direct access to database.

Jones (1992) discussed that the database design is about how to collect data or

information and how the users or someone in gaining information from database file. To

make a database design first thing that we will need to do is to create a plan. We need to

write it first in a paper to have a productive design of a database. Without a proper design

of database system it cannot explain the particular information’s that are stored on it.

Libraries should have a librarians that are experts at finding, organizing and interpreting

information needs because libraries contains a lot of information so it required to be

organized. One of the solutions to this matter as suggested by Whitten and Bentley,

(2008) is a computer based system solution. It is system designs that focus on the

specification or details of a file. To eliminate the redundancy of storing same fields in

different records it should be centralize or unite multiple files into a single file called

database. Furthermore To have an access, control, manage a database and the specific

commands to create a database structure is the Database Management System.

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International Network (Internet)

Callo(2017) discussed that the concept “online” is described as a state of being

connected to the cyberspace through a medium of internet or simply to a computer

network even without internet. However, the use of internet resources is not any limited

to surfing the web and communication. It also became the most accessible medium for

entertainment, news and even in the field of education. Online systems can vary in nature

since there are many services that are now offered using the internet. These may include

computerized reservation systems, internet and intranet support tools, and learning

management system. The introduction of the World Wide Web (www) and the internet

people nowadays can easily connect to others around the globe to share information and

to communicate with them though they have a far distance to each other. In the field of

information sharing and communication internet has made a great breakthrough on it.

He furthermore said that internet is a worldwide network of computers. It is

connecting between a large or small network around the world. In communication and

sharing information it is said that internet is one of the powerful tool that we can use.

Internet is very useful in different areas of its usage especially in the field of education.

According to (kamel,n.d) The information available on the internet is very huge. Internet

has become the global medium for accessing information. Today’s students must learn

and be educated. While capitalizing on the capacities of the internet introducing them to

an online society.

The field of education has greatly benefited from the advancements in technology

as well instructional materials that being used were improved, educational programs were
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also introduced to the school, thus making way for more interactive learning experiences

for students. The availability of knowledge sources on the net changed the way students

and teachers access and use information.

Web-based Management System

(Chad, 2010) stated that web based systems has been used in dealing with

management, concerns to make library resources and usually providing assistance to

users. This study presented is particularly used for many kinds of libraries and help with

web based system. Users who are using a web based library system will more convenient

list of ideas.

In study of (Jiawei, 2011) the web-based library management system may include

the most popular component on a library management system. It has both the server and

the clients the administration and the book seekers. The structure of Library Management

System (LMS) include a website to interact with the database. The tools of this system

are chosen to their specific features of the system.

In addition to his study he mentioned that the website was built to offer a high

performance, security, stability and the easiness of maintenance of the system. This

website improved the management of the university library.

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Web Based Learning Level of acceptability

in terms of:
Resource Management  Program
Designing  Functionality
System for SLSU-TC  Data Gathering
 Performance
 Assembling
Library
 Testing  Security
 Analyzing
 System Design