GE-International Journal of Engineering Research

Vol. 4, Issue 10, October 2016 IF- 4.721

ISSN(O):(2321-1717), ISSN(P):(2394-420X)
© Associated Asia Research Foundation (AARF) Publication
Website: www.aarf.asia Email : editor@aarf.asia , editoraarf@gmail.com

DETECTION OF FAULTS IN INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING DWT

Snehal O. Gulhane1, M. R. Salodkar2
1
G.H.Raisoni Csollege of Engineering, Amravati, India
2
Assistant Professor at Electrical engineering department, G. H. Raisoni College of
engineering, Amravati, India.

ABSTRACT feature of such a motor is that it is singly

Induction motors play a very important
role in all the sectors. In industries, these
motors have to run continuously in order
to drive the load without any breakdown.
Due to the continuous use, these motors
are prone to the development of faults.
Early detection of faults in the motors can
help to avoid major failures. Hence it is
required to monitor the motors
continuously in order to avoid major
failures and breakdowns. This paper
presents the detection of the motor faults
such as overvoltage, phase reversal, single
phasing etc. in squirrel cage induction
motors.
excited machine, although such machines
are equipped with field and armature
windings. Due to such advantages, these
motors are widely used.
Induction motor is also called as
asynchronous motor which is made up of
two main parts i.e. stator and rotor. As the
name suggests, stator is stationary part and
the rotor is rotating part. The energy is
getting transferred from the stator to the
rotor due to the electromagnetic induction
principle and hence the motor is called as
induction motor. According to
construction, there are two types of
motors:-

Keywords:-Induction motor, Types of 1) Squirrel cage induction motor

Faults, Condition Monitoring, Wavelet
Transform.
Introduction
The polyphase induction motor is having
low cost, simple and rugged construction,
absence of commutator, good operating
characteristics etc. The distinguishing
2) Slip ring induction motor
The conducting bars are used in squirrel
cage induction motors in order to carry the
current. These bars are short circuited by
end rings and due to which external
resistance cannot be added. In case of slip
ring induction motor, the polyphase
winding is used. The terminals of
thispolyphase windings are connected to

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slip rings. An external resistance can be the bearing. High temperature at bearings
added into the circuit with the help of slip is also one of the reason for bearing faults.
rings. Squirrel cage induction motors are
mostly preferred as it is having the
advantages like rugged construction, cheap
in cost, having no commutator, suitable for
high speed etc.

Though the induction motor is more

reliable but the occurrences of faults in it
cannot be avoided. Early detection of
abnormalities in the motors will help to
avoid major failures. Thus, in order to
avoid the occurrences of such failures, it is
required to diagnose the fault as early as
Fig. a: Bearing Fault
possible. If these faults are not diagnosed
on time, it may affect the motor’s c) Broken Rotor Bars:- This fault is mainly
performance. related with the squirrel cage induction
motor. If one of the bars of rotor gets
Various Types of Faults
break, there occurs asymmetry in the rotor
Following are the various types faults cage which results in the asymmetrical
which may occur in the three phase distribution of rotor currents. And this
induction motor: ultimately results into multiple bar
fractures.
1) Mechanical faults
2) Electrical faults 2.Electrical Faults

1.Mechanical faults Following are the electrical faults which

occur in the three phase induction motor:-
Following are the mechanical faults which
occur in the three phase induction motor:- a) Under voltage:- Under voltages
occur when the voltage drops
a) Air Gap Eccentricity:- In case of healthy below 90% of the nominal voltage.
motor, the centre of rotation will be same Due to drop in voltage, the torque
for stator and rotor. But when this centre reduces. Because of which slip
of rotation is different, we said there is air increases and speed decreases.
gap eccentricity. Due to misalignment of Now, the motor will try to reduce
stator and rotor, unbalanced radial forces the slip by drawing more currents.
are acted and it damages the stator and Because of which, the motor gets
rotor. Again, there is production of noise overloadedand it causes
and vibrations. overheating.
b) Bearing Faults:- Bearings are used in
order to reduce the frictional losses.
Continuous use of bearings creates stress
on them which results in rough running of

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 Importance of Condition Monitoring

As we seen earlier, there are various

effects of faults on the performance of
induction motor. So condition monitoring
has a special importance in the business
environment due to following reasons:

a) To reduce the cost of maintenance.

b) To predict the equipment failure.
Fig. b: Under Voltage
c) To improve equipment and
b) Over voltages:- Over voltages are component reliability.
R.M.S. voltage variations that exceeds d) To optimize the equipment
110% of the nominal voltage. Several performance.
types of initiating events causes the e) To improve the accuracy in failure
overvoltage. Overvoltage in induction prediction.
motor will cause reactive current to
In this paper, Wavelet Transform
increase because of which there is
technique is used as a condition
production of heat due to eddy current.
monitoring technique. Lets see its
description in the upcoming chapter.

Wavelet Transform

Mathematical transformations are applied

to signals to obtain further information
from that signal that is not readily
available in the raw signal. The number of
transformations is available which can be
Fig. c: Over Voltage applied, among which the wavelet
transform is most popular.
c) Single phasing:- Single phasing is a
condition in three phase induction motor When the time localization of the
where one of the phase out of three phases frequency components are required, a
are cut off. Because of single phasing, transform giving the time frequency
there is production of noise and vibrations. representation of the signal is needed i.e.
the Wavelet Transform. Wavelet
d) Phase reversal:- The three phases of
Transform is capable of providing the time
induction motor, suppose R, Y, B, should
and frequency information simultaneously,
be properly connected to the load’s phases.
hence giving a time frequency
If any of the phases gets misplaced during
representation of the signal. In case of
the connection then, there is occurrence of
Wavelet Transform, higher frequencies are
phase reversal. Due to phase reversal, the
better resolved in time and lower
motor may start to run in opposite
frequencies are better resolved in
direction because of which wear and tear
frequency. This means that, a certain high
may occur.
frequency components can be located

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better in time. On the contrary, low original signal, with a significant reduction
frequency components can be located in the computation time.
better in frequency compared to high
frequency components. Detection of Faults of Induction Motor

The frequency and time Here, the faults are detected depending
information of a signal at some certain upon the comparative study of energy bar
point in the time frequency plane cannot graph. The energy bar graph can be drawn
be known i.e. we cannot know, what by using the algorithm given below. The
frequency components exists at any given program can be developed in MATLAB
time instead, we can investigate what using the models in MATLAB simulink.
frequency components exists at any given One can capture the phase currents for all
interval of time. This is a problem of the three phases. The capturing of
resolution and it is the main reason why individual phase currents requires more
researchers have switched to wavelet time. In order to reduce the time duration
transform. of current capturing, we are calculating the
modal current and this modal current is
The advantages of using wavelet then applied to the motor. Daubechies db4
transform for diagnosing the induction is used to decompose the modal current.
motor faults are as follows: And then calculate the energy by using
wavelet detail coefficients. These
1) The main advantage of Wavelet coefficients are calculated for normal and
Transform is that, it can work both faulty condition.
in time and frequency domain.
2) Wavelet transform is
computationally very fast.
3) By using wavelet transform, it is
possible to decompose a signal into
component wavelets.

Need of Wavelet Transform

The discretized continuous wavelet

transform enables the computation of the
continuous wavelet transform by
computers. But it is not a true discrete
transform. As a matter of fact, the wavelet
series is simply a sampled version of the
Continuous Wavelet Transform and the
information it provides is highly redundant
as far as the reconstruction of the signal is
Fig. d: Algorithm for plotting energy bar
concerned. This redundancy requires a
graph
significant amount of time and resources.
While, the discrete wavelet transform As seen from the given energy bar
(DWT) provides sufficient information graph, in the normal condition, the value
both for analysis and synthesis of the of energy is somewhat less than 7. And in
faulty condition, the energy is equal to or

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greater than 7 and accordingly one can Journal of Machine Learning and
detect the fault. That is whether the motor Computing, vol. 2, No. 1, February 2012.
is operating normally or in faulty
[3] R. Satish, R. Devarajan, P. Ganga, “
condition. Analysing and Detection of Rotor Faults
in Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Drives
Using MATLAB”, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering, vol. 4, issue 6, june 2015.

[4] Mrs. Anjali U. Jawadekar, Gajanan Dhole,

SudhirParaskar, “Novel Wavelet ANN
technique to classify Interturn Fault in
Three Phase Induction Motor”,
International Journal of Advancements in
Technology, vol.2, No. 2 (April 2011).

[5] Chaitali S. Kalaskar, Vitthal J. Gond,

“Motor Current Signature Analysis to
Fig. e: Energy Bar Graph detect the faults in Induction Motor”,
International Journal of Engineering
Conclusion
Research and Application, ISSN: 2248-
In this paper, the method of fault detection 9622, vol.4, Issue 6 (version 1), June
of induction motor presented. We come to 2014, pp. 58-61.
know that Wavelet transform method is [6] Dr.Shashi Raj Kapoor, “Commonly
most suitable for the detection as it can Occurring Faults in Three Phase Induction
diagnose the fault in transient condition Motor – Causes, Effects and Detection –
and it has more advantages than any other A Review”, Journal of Information,
method. Here, we performed comparative Knowledge and Research in Electrical
study of the energy as Energy bar graph is Engineering, ISSN : 0975-6736, Nov 12 to
one of the easiest way to detect the fault in Oct 13,Vol. 2, Issue 2.
the induction motor. [7] KhadimMoinSiddiqui, KuldeepSahay, V.
K. Giri, “Health Monitoring and Fault
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