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Faculty of Pharmacy
Organic Chemistry Laboratory
RECRYSTALLIZATION OF ACETANILIDE
Jane Catherine SP. Villanueva, Edenn Claudine C. Villaraza, Lorenz Oliver C. Villegas and
Cristel Bernice T. Wee
ABSTRACT
Recrystallization is one of the simplest and most widely used technique for purifying organic solids through the
differences in solubility at different temperatures. It is also the process in which the solid to be crystallized is dissolved
to either a hot solvent or a hot solvent mixture and is cooled in a solution.
In this experiment, acetanilide, the crude product of acetylation of aniline and acetic anhydride, was used as
the pure organic compound. Crude acetanilide underwent crystallization process using the preferred recrystallizing
solvent, water. The crystallization process was when crude acetanilide was placed in hot water bath and was cooled
after in an ice bath which would then yield to the formation of crystals of pure acetanilide. The percentage yield form
the crude acetanilide was 73.72% while the percentage yield from pure acetanilide was 61.93%. The percentage
recovery in the experiment was 84.00 %
INTRODUCTION
Organic compounds that came from the solvents than they were in cold solvents. The
nature, whether solid or liquid, contain impurities crystals formed have a lattice structure that is a
in them. Different purification methods can be fixed and rigid arrangement of atoms, molecules
used to remove the impurities present in a or ions.
compound. For liquids, distillation is the most
common used purification method. It separates
volatile liquids on the basis of their boiling points. Solubility refers to the degree of
As for solids, either sublimation or substance in which the solute is to be dissolved in
Recrystallization can be used. Sublimation is only solvent. It was the main factor that affects
use for solids which can directly pass into vapor crystallization. Identifying the recrystallizing
phase without passing through the liquid phase. solvent was very important in crystallization
On the other hand, Recrystallization involves process. The substance to be crystallized must
solid which doesn’t have the same property of exhibit ideal solubility behavior in the chosen
liquids used in sublimation. It is a method which solvent. Purification of substances could take
purifies organic solids base on its solubility. It is place when both the desired substance and the
also a process which dissolves solid to be impurities have similar solubility at its boiling
crystallized in a hot solvent mixture and cools it point temperature; and the impurities correspond
afterward. The dissolve solid decreases in to only a small portion of the total solid. The
solubility at a low temperature and separates as desired compound will crystallize in cooling
it cools resulting to small seed crystals. temperature while impurities will not.
Hence, the limiting reagent is Aniline (C6 H5 NH2 ). Martin & Gilbert (2011). Organic Laboratory
Experiment (5th Ed.). Boston: Cengage
Theoretical yield = mass of LR Learning.
PURIFYING ACETANILIDE BY
RECRYSTALLIZATION. Retrieved August 12,
2011,from
http://www.cerlabs.com/experiments/108754070
3X.pdf