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Recent cancer studies and research through genome sequencing has discovered a newer
fluctuating DNA copy number levels. These characteristics are also only observed a small
number of chromosomes at a time; usually one or a few. Micronuclei have been previously tested
for their response to damage that occurs. Connecting these two ideas, several experiments were
conducted to find a relationship between micronuclei and the unknown mechanism that
chromothripsis follows.
To reach the conclusions and either support or denounce the hypothesis required
the extensive use of several different methods and cell cultures. As the methods section of the
original journal is quite overwhelming, they will be discussed more in depth when presenting the
actual material. However, it would be in good practice to list the more mentionable and
Testing the micronuclei for how chromosomal rearrangements occur and their relatedness
to chromothripsis required several different experiments and tests. The basis for most of the
treatments and observations required cells to be synchronized to maintain cell cycle similarities.
This and micronuclei induction in general were accomplished by using nocodazole which
Two types of micronucleated cells were discussed as a reasoning for the rearrangement
differences; disomic and trisomic daughter cells. Disomic cells will produce one daughter that is
Joseph Humphries
underreplicated and a normal daughter cell. Trisomic produces one near trisomic daughter and
one disomic daughter. This enables a disproportionate DNA copy number in the daughter cells.
As there is a difference in copy number, the cells are divided once more into plus and minus
copies; with the higher DNA copy number being the ‘plus’.
The experiments conducted helped provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that the
rearranging of chromosomes that are seen in micronuclei are a possible explanation for
chromothripsis. Disomic micronuclei and trisomic micronuclei describe the lagging chromosome
and where it ended up after replication. Disomic MN contained a lagging chromosome that was
correctly segregated into the daughter cells whereas trisomic meant that it was missegregated.
These cells were then tested for the levels of rearrangements that occurred in either one.
Micronuclei are a key source in discovering the way we as a society diagnose, understand
and treat cancer. The amount of rearrangements they undergo with the variability they provide
are unparalleled when observing cells. Overall however, there was not enough evidence to
conclusively state the strength that micronuclei may or may not play in the mechanism for
chromothripsis. While providing lots of new and useful information that may be helpful in the
future tests on this matter, chromothripsis’ mechanism still remains mostly a mystery.