PROTECTION RELAYS OF GENERATOR AND OVER VOLTAGE RELAY TEST OF UNIT 1
GENERATOR IN PANGLIMA BESAR SOEDIRMAN HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Kurniawan Prasetya Nugroho (18014005)
Division of Electrical Maintenance
The period of June 1, 2017 - July 31, 2017
PT Indonesia Power UP Mrica, Banjarnegara
Abstract
Generator is the main equipment used to produce electricity. In
maintaining the continuity and reliability of the process of
generation and distribution of electrical energy needed a good
protection system. Protection system serves to protect equipment
from damage in the event of disturbances and isolate
disturbances from spreading. With their good protection system,
the unwanted loss can be avoided.
One of the tools used to protect the generator from disturbance
is the protection relays. Relay is a tool that works automatically
to adjust or enter an electrical circuit (trip or alarm circuit) due
to changes in conditions in the area of protection. One relay
which serves to protect the generator is over voltage relay. This
relay is located on the generator terminal and has a function to
protect the generator from overvoltage disturbances. It works by
comparing the relay setting value with measurement of phase to
phase voltage.
Relay which has worked in the long term is possible to
experience wear and change the setting value. Therefore, the over
voltage relay of Unit 1 PB Sudirman Hydroelectric Power
Plant generator needs to be re-tested in the context of routine
maintenance. The testing was conducted on the testing of pick-
up value, reset value, and the time lag.
Keywords: generator, protection system, relay, testing,
over voltage.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Human need for electrical energy from day to day
increasing due to advances in technology and
science to produce technology products that
require energy supply quality to maximize
performance. This increase of demand for
electricity, or often referred to as the required load
then the electric power supply system must be
increase too. Electric power supply is good to have
three main criteria that is able to meet the total
power requirements (adequacy), has a good quality
(quality), and components used in good and safe
condition (security). Therefore, the development of
the power plant is needed to support the increasing
burden that will be borne.
Reliability and the ability of an electricity system to
serve customers highly dependent on the
Practice Reports – Electrical Power Engineering - STEI ITB
protection system used. To provide good reliability
and quality in the distribution of electric power,
electric power system should have a good security
system to protect from disturbances both internal
and external. Especially for vital equipment such as
generators and transformers.
In a power generation system, the generator has a
major role in the production process. Therefore, the
generator has a special protection system that did
not experience the damage during disturbances.
Disturbances that often occur on the generator
includes disorders of the stator, rotor system
(excitation), engine driving, and back up generator
installation outside. To cope with such abnormal
conditions, we need tools that serves to protect the
generator from the distractions that may occur. A
tool usually used to treat disorders or abnormalities
of the generator are relays.
The results of observations at the time of practical
work in PT Indonesia UP Mrica, PB Soedirman
Hydroelectric Power Plant has three units of
generator and each generator comes with relays as
part of the protection system. The longer the time
the use of a relay may affect the sensitivity,
reliability, selectivity, and speed relay. Therefore it
is necessary to do the testing and maintenance of
the relay. One of the relay there on hydropower
generators in PBS is over voltage relay. The
function of this relay is as protection from the
overvoltage generator incurred exceeds the voltage
should be. Therefore, the work practices outlined in
this report will discuss the shape of the voltage
relay testing more on hydropower generator PB
Sudirman.
1.2 AIM
The purpose of writing this paper is to understand
the type and workings of relay protection of
generator in PB Soedirman Hydroelectric Power
Plant and to understand how to test the over
voltage relay.
1.3 SCOPE OF PROBLEM
In the implementation of practical work in PB
Soedirman Hydroelectric Power Plant in order to
be able to effectively and deeply understand then
1
the problems observed are protection relay of
generator and over voltage relay test.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 PROTECTION SYSTEM
The protection system is a safety on the equipment
installed in the power system against disorders or
abnormal conditions occurring in the power system.
The abnormal conditions that may occur can be
short circuit, overload, over voltage, over
frequency, synchronous off, and so on.
2.2 PROTECTION RELAY
Protection relay is a device that can sense or
measure to a disturbance in the system, and to open
the circuit breaker to separate the equipment from
the disturbed system. In general, protection relay
has three main elements, there are :
Sensing element
This element serves to sense electrical quantities
such as current, voltage, frequency, and so
dependent relay used. In this section the amount of
incoming signal will felt its situation. Then these
signal delivered to the comparison element.
Comparising element
This element functions accept the magnitude of the
sensing element to be compared with the value of
the relay settings.
Measuring element
This element serves to hold a rapid change in the
measuring scale and will soon give the cue to open
the PMT.
2.3 FUNCTION OF PROTECTION RELAY
The function of protection relay is for:
a. Sense, measure, and determine which parts of
the compromised system and ordered a CB to
separate the disorder as soon as possible.
b. Reduce further damage due to interference.
c. Preventing the spread of disorder.
d. Minimize the danger to humans due to
potential interference.
2.4 CRITERIA PROTECTION RELAY
Protection relay must have certain criteria in order
to function in accordance with the needs. The
criteria include:
a. Reliable
Rele protection must not fail to work in
overcoming the disorder.
b. Selectivity
Rele protection must be able to detect any
disturbance in the security area and isolating
disorder.
c. Fast
Protection relay must work quickly so that
interference does not extend and minimize the
damage caused by interference.
d. Sensitive
Said protection relay sensitive or sensitive if it
can work with the input range of the detected
magnitude is small.
2.5 OVER VOLTAGE RELAY
Over voltage relay serves to detect the voltage
exceeds the setting by comparing the setting value
with measurement of phase to phase voltage. Rele
overvoltage working on the secondary circuit a
potential transformer (PT) in which the secondary
terminal has a nominal voltage of 100 volts or 110
volts. For comparison ratio, primary mounted on
the side of a 13.8 kV generator terminal. Over
voltage relays work with the principle of
measuring the amount of voltage that is detected by
a secondary coil voltage transformer. The
magnitude of the detected voltage is compared
with the value of relay settings. If the amount of
voltage is detected beyond the limits of the setting
value then it will willingly send the signal to the
timer to start counting time according to the time
delay. After the expiration of the delay, relay will
send the trip signal to CB to isolating the
disturbance.
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Tools and Components
a. Overvoltage relay RXEG 21 ASEA.
b. Universal Relay Test Set and Commissioning
Tool CMC 356 OMICRON.
c. Software from OMICRON CMC 356.
d. Wires.
e. Laptop.
f. Data cable - straight cable.
g. Fiber Optic.
h. 1 set of tools, such as screwdrivers, pliers, and
others.
3.2 Testing Procedure
3.2.1 Preparation
Before conducting tests on relays, it is necessary to
prepare for the relay to be tested with the following
procedure:
a. Connecting relays with wire in accordance with
the provisions contained in the instruction.
Practice Reports – Electrical Power Engineering - STEI ITB 2
b. Connecting the DC Supply to relays. DC Supply
(+) mounted to the A16 and the DC Supply (-)
mounted to the A17.
c. Preparing the relay setting that has been
calculated according to the provisions.
d. Recorded data and information on the test sheet.
3.2.2 Testing Process
1) Doing checking communication between test
equipment (Relay Test Setting) with laptop (Test
Associater). The steps of checking as follows:
a. Open the Start Page OMICRON.
b. Select "Test Set Association" in the Setup
menu.
c. Click "Search" on the toolbar if the hardware
has not been detected.
d. Select test set that will be associated with the
laptop. Then click "Associate" on the toolbar.
e. After the "Associate CMC 356 (DJ5086)"
appears, then press the "Associate" in the
back of the CMC 356.
f. Click "OK" in the menu that appears.
g. Test Set will be associated with the PC and
ready for use.
h. Close the window "Test Set Association and
Configuration" and continue to use the Test
Set.
2) Connecting AUX DC at OMICRON.
Before AUX DC associated with OMICRON
need to know the terms of which must be was
infested, namely:
- The voltage on the state of the laboratory test
110 V.
- Voltage at GITET 0 V.
The steps to connect the AUX DC with
OMICRON are as follows.
a. Open the Start Page OMICRON.
b. Select the "Aux DC" on the menu "Test Tool".
c. Select the voltage to be used.
d. Click "Set".
e. Another way to determine the value of the
voltage used is to select "Other" and fill in the
desired voltage, then click "Set".
f. By selecting the option "Default" then
directly when CMC 356 is turned on and
energized, inputs that go directly issued by
the power that has become the default
regardless of the PC is connected or not.
3) Check relay with a computer connection and
testing tools
Measures to be taken if the relay there were
indications "COM1 Fail" is setting up the relay
with the following steps:
a. Reset (button on the relay)
b. Enter (button on the relay)
c. Choose [(5) Test]
d. Choose [(1) Switch]
On the menu "(1) Switch" there are some settings
menu options for setting relay through the relay.
4) Doing Pick Up Test
Pick up current is a current in which the relay
start working. Test pick up an individual test on
each relay to test the sensitivity or accuracy in
detecting the disorder rele both internally and
externally.
4. PROTECTION RELAY OF GENERATOR AND
OVER VOLTAGE RELAY TEST
5.1 Hydroelectric Generator Protection Relay
PB Sudirman Unit 1
a. Reverse Power Relay
Reverse power relay used to detect the presence of
active power flow of the system towards the
generator stator. The change of active power flow
to the generator can result in labor turned into a
motor generator. This change is due to the effect of
lower energy input received by the first mover
generator. In a hydropower could, this condition
occurs when the amount of flow of water flowing
into the turbine is too small. If the input power to
the prime movers (turbines) can not overcome the
loss of existing generators, the power shortage is
obtained by absorbing the active power of the
system that serves as a motor generator. Therefore
generator works as a motor,
Technical data rele Hydroelectric power back on
PBS, among others:
Type : RXPE 40
Type : Static
Artificial : ASEA Generation, Sweden
Current range : 30-120 mA
Time range : 6-60 seconds
b. Loss of Excitation Relay
Loss of excitation relay serves to secure the loss of
rotor field. The loss of rotor field can impact the
rotor rotation exceeds the synchronous rotation
and rotating generator as an induction motor in
which the rotor-voltage AC so could damage the
rotor excitation system and insulation. This relay
will detect the loss of the magnetic field amplifier
in case the acceleration of the generator rotor
rotation. The generator will take reactive power
from the system and the induced current in the
rotor winding overload. This relay also limit the
amount of reactive power drawn from the system
by the value of its tuning. If the relay fails, it can
cause damage to the stator due to an excessive
heating on the stator.
Practice Reports – Electrical Power Engineering - STEI ITB 3
Technical data loss of excitation relay on the the relay should be sensitive to very small fault
hydropower PBS, among others: currents.
Type : RAGPC Technical data on a hydropower PBS differential
relay is as follows.
Type : Static
Type : RADHA
Artificial : ASEA Generation, Sweden
Type : Static
Current range : 1.2 A - 5 A
Artificial : ASEA Generation, Sweden
tension : 100 V - 120 V
Working voltage : 40-50 V
Time range : 0.2 to 2 seconds
Operating current : 16 mA
Frequency : 50 Hz - 60 Hz
Frequency : 50 Hz
c. Breaker Failure Relay
Working time : 10-20 ms
Breaker failure relay work to detect overcurrent trip
relay generator and command. If the perceived or e. Under Impedance Relay
regarded CB / PMT generator failed to open / trip
Under impedance relay is a backup of the main
then this relay will open the CB / PMT in front of
generator relays that are overall differential relay
him so that CB / PMT that failed and disturbed
and differential relay. For a generator with static
equipment free of voltage.
excitation system of stepdown transformer is
The working principle is based on the magnitude of connected directly to the generator terminals,
the current relay through the relay coil. If the short-circuit current depends on inter-phase
detected current exceeds the relay settings have generator terminal voltage will be low (drop) and
been determined then the relay will provide a logic therefore the fault current will be under nominal
1 to the circuit input AND gate of two inputs. If the load current. Rele impedance less if feel impedance
primary PMT contacts in a closed condition it will decreases below normal impedance then relays this
provide one input to the AND gate logic. Thus the will work.
AND gate will provide the output signal to the
Technical data relay less on hydropower PBS
timer to work out the time. If the appropriate time
impedance is as follows.
setting is exceeded then the breaker failure relay
ordered PMT which is behind the main PMT in this Type : RAKZA
case the PMT high voltage of 150 kV in the
Type : Static
substation.
Relay’s impedance in :5A
Technical data relay breaker failure PBS
hydropower, among others: d : 1-6
Type : RAICA Q : 21-29
Type : Static Time setting : 1.2 seconds
Current range :1A-5A f. Negative Phase Sequence Relay
Time range : 0.02 to 99 seconds Load which are not balanced (unbalanced) in the
three-phase generator can cause overheating in the
Frequency : 50 Hz
generator rotor. Besides the unbalanced load will
Voltage power supply : 110 VDC cause overheating of the generator. Therefore,
before the damage is fatal then the relay will work.
d. Differential Relay
Technical data rele negative phase sequence on PBS
Differential relay serves to protect the generator
hydropower, among others:
from a good distraction short circuit between
phases or between phase short circuit to ground. Type : RABIB
Differential relays used in PB Soedirman
Type : Static
Hydroelectric Power Plant is circulating current
and high impedance relay for generator grounding Nominal current : 1.2 A or 5 A
system using resistance grounding system with a
Time setting : (0.7 to 1.1) x In
resistance of 848 Ω so that current flows will be
relatively small. Therefore generator neutral Frequency : 50 Hz
grounding system side with high resistance then Comparison reset : + 87%

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Auxiliary voltage : 24, 46, 55, 110, 125, 220, Over frequency rela serves to secure the generator
and 250 V of frequencies over which the limit of 52.5 Hz and
with a time delay of 60 seconds in the event of
g. Ground Fault Relay
release or reduction of the burden suddenly and
Ground fault relays detect the neutral shift of 13.8 equipment governor failed to work automatically
kV generator CB in open position (open) and there to normalize generator frequency to 50 Hz in the
is no fault current. This relay is supplied from a 13.8 interval 60 sec. 60 seconds is the time that is given
kV voltage side of the transformer with open delta to the governor to normalize the frequency to 50 Hz.
system and as a backup or a backup of statro earth
Technical data relay more on hydropower PBS
fault relay.
frequency is as follows.
Technical data rele neutral shifting soil disturbance
Type : RFXE 4
on hydropower PBS namely:
Type : Static
Type : RXEG 21
Frequency identification: 50Hz
Working voltage : 10-30 V
The range of frequencies: 50-60 Hz
Time - lag relay type : RXKE 1
Reach time lag relay : 20 ms - 99 s
Time - lag relay scale : 1 ms - 99 s
Time delay setting : 60 s
h. Under Frecuency Relay
j. Stator Earth Fault Relay
Under frequency relay fitted to the coordination
with the system so that if the interconnection of a Stator ground fault relay is used to detect a ground
sudden there are plants that trip and the resulting circuit faults in the stator windings. The working
decline in the frequency of the load will be released principle of this relay detects changes in the basic
by the Load Control Center while the plant is wave form 50Hz and 150 Hz harmonic wave forms
operating is not expected to experience the trip in of voltage transformer mounted on output phase
advance. This lower frequency relay serves to stator and generator stator neutral point. If the
secure a generator of over-fluxing on condition relay is detect tampering stator winding between
frekeuensi less than 50 Hz is too long. This relay is 95% - 100% then the relay will give a signal to the
set at 47 Hz with a 1 second delay time. computer and alarm indication, whereas when the
stator windings interference between 0-95%, then
Under frequency relay take input from a voltage
the relay will trip signal generator unit and PMT.
transformer (PT) mounted on the generator at
nominal voltage frequency to be read and Technical data on the stator ground fault relay
compared to a predetermined frequency settings. If hydropower PBS:
the frequency is read less than a predetermined
Type : RAGEA
frequency setting then this relay will provide input
logic 1 on two-input AND gate sedangkat other Type : Static
input AND gate to logic 1 if PMT generator in a
Basic voltage range : 5-16 V
closed condition. Output of the AND gate will give
a signal to the timer to start bekejra thus achieved Range 3rd harmonic voltage : 0.4 to 1.2 V
time and timer settings provide trip signal to lock
Working time : 50-55 seconds
out relay B which is then forwarded to the PMT
generator and trip units. Time range : 20 ms - 99 s
Technical data rele frequencies less on hydropower k. Overall Differential Relay
PBS: Overalls differential relay mounted in PBS
Type : RFXE hydropower unit has 3 input current from the
generator, the generator transformers and
Type : Static
transformer own use. This relay securing current
Artificial : ASEA Generation, Sweden balance of walkin side and equipped with
differential refractive percentage that has harmonic
Frecuency range : 44-50 Hz
restrain. Harmonic bias function to limit inrush
Setting time delay :1s current during the energize transformer.
Frequency setting : 47 Hz l. Rotor Ground Fault Relay
i. Over Frecuency Relay Rotor ground fault relay is used to detect the rotor
disturbance to the ground. This relay can be used

Practice Reports – Electrical Power Engineering - STEI ITB 5

on a unidirectional circuit. When no interference Reset the time on the voltage instantaneously
occurs then the direction of the motor circuit is changed to 0 from 1.1 x (1,3x) value set : 55 ms
open while the rotor if there is interference on the
Consistency of the operations of the highest setting:
circuit relay will close so that the relay will work.
± 1% or ± 3%
Technical data on the rotor ground fault relay PBS
Voltage changes operation : 3%
Hydropower is as follows.
On the change in frequency (the frequency range
Type : RXNB 4
45-50 Hz)
Type : Static
Changes per ºC temperature : <-0.17%
Field Voltage: 300 V / 900 V and 220-240 V
Allowable ambient temperature : -25 to + 55ºC
Frequency : 50 Hz
Voltage range : 80-240 V
Voltage variation: -20% to 10%
Range time : 20 ms - 99 s
m. Over Voltage Relay
Artificial: ASEA Generation, Sweden
Overvoltage relay used to detect the voltage that
5.2 Over Voltage Relay Test Results
exceeds its settings by comparing the value of the
setting with the voltage measurement of the phase Test of over voltage relay regularly held once a year.
to phase. Rele overvoltage working on the It aims to determine the feasibility of the relay.
secondary circuit a voltage transformer which Relay adjustment is done by injecting a voltage of
secondary terminal has a nominal voltage of 100 V 115 V. The overvoltage relay test results are as
or 110 V. For comparison ratio, primary mounted follows.
on the side of a 13.8 kV generator terminal. Over
Setting requested.
voltage relay also anticipate the possibility of
malfunction AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) of Operating value, voltage : 115 V
the generator itself.
Time Delay : 2.0 S
Over voltage relays work with the principle of Table 4. 1 Test Result of Voltage Operation
measuring the amount of voltage that is detected by
a secondary coil voltage transformer. The OPERATING VALUE (V)
magnitude of the detected voltage is compared SCALE
with the relay’s setting value. If the amount of PICK-UP RESET
VALUE
voltage is detected beyond the limits of the setting (V)
value then relay the signal to start the timer starts ± 3% of scale
≥ 97% pick-up
to count time according to the time delay. After value
exceeding a certain delay time the relay will send a
signal to the PMT to isolate the generator from 115 115.3 (100.26%) 112.8 (97.83%)
disturbance. If the overvoltage protection failed to
anticipate the generator will occur stator winding *) Scale value: 115 V = 111.55 to 118.45
insulation damage. Table 4. 2 Test Result of Time Delay
Technical data relay more on hydropower PBS is as OPERATION VALUE (s)
follows. SCALE VALUE
(S)
Type : RXEG 21 ± 0.3% sett. Value +17 ms. *)

Type Time Lag Relay : RXKE 1 2.0 1,988

Type : Static
*) Scale value: 2.0 s = 1.977 to 2.023
Total Range Scale : 5-480 V
Note: Time Delay Operation = Operation time-lag
Indicator : Target relay / Operation time voltage relay
Operating time on instantaneous voltage changed The value of over voltage relay operation in PBS
from 0 to hydropower RXEG 21 is ± 3% of the value of the
1.1 x (1,3x) value set : 30 ms setting. Pick up a range of values for the setting 115
V are :
2.5x (3x) value set : 2 ms
115 V ± (3% x 115 V) or V 111.55 - 118.45 V
reset ratio :> 97%

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So the pick up value of over voltage relay is in the d. Over voltage relay will work if there is over
range 111.55 - 118.45 V. voltage that crosses a boundary caused by a
failure on the AVR and governor of work
While calculating the reset value is ≥ 97% x (the
failure in arranging a turbine wheel.
value of the pick-up):
e. The results of over voltage relay test shows
• 97% x 111.55 V = 108.2035 V
that the relay is still functioning properly.
• 97% x 118.45 V = 114.8965 V
5.2 Suggestion
So the reset value of the over voltage relay on PBS
hydropower is in the range of 108.20 V - 114.90 V. a. A test result should have accurate data. This
can be achieved by multiplying the data
From the test results rele has been done, the data
retrieval.
obtained as follows:
b. Extra members can improve the effectiveness
• Pick up value = 115.3 V
and efficiency of work for relay testing
• Reset value = 112.8 V because of using a series of fairly complicated
A percentage of the pick up value = wiring.
115,3−115
𝑥100% = 0,26% (< 3%)
115 REFERENCE
112,8
Percentage reset value = 𝑥100% = 97,83% (≥ [1] Anonymous. 1985. ASEA Relay Buyer's
115,3
97%) Guide. ASEA, Sweden.
From the test results, pickup value and reset value [2] Sutrisno. 2000. The Electric Power System
are within a predetermined operating standards. Protection.Bandung: Bandung Institute of
Thus, it can be concluded that the relay is in good Technology.
condition.
[3] Marsudi, Djiteng. 2005. Generating
Rated operating time delay with a time lag relay Electrical Energy.Jakarta: Erland.
RXKE type 1 by standard ASEA is ± 0.3% setting
[4] [Online].
value + 17 ms. Values for scale operation time 2.0 s
Available:http://www.indonesiapower.co
value is in the range of 1.977 s - 2.023 s. From the
.id
results of tests performed by the scale value
obtained operating time 2.0 s 1,988. It can be [5] [Online].
concluded that the time lag relay is still in good Available:https://www.omicronenergy.co
shape. m/en/products/cmc-356/

5. SUMMARY
5.1 Conclusion
a. Protection is certain safeguards to reduce the
component due to disturbance by separating
the disturbance parts of parts of other systems
so that disturbance does not extend.
b. Protection system is needed in a power plant
in order to avoid the risk of equipment
damage due to disturbance or abnormal
conditions.
c. Generators in PB Soedirman Hydroelectric
Power Plant equipped with a variety of relay
protection: Reverse Power Relay, Loss of
Excitation Relay, Breaker Failure Relay,
Differential Relay, overalls Differential Relay,
Under Impedance Relay, Negative Phase
Sequence Relay, Under frecuency Relay, Over
frecuency Relay, Stator Earth Fault Relay,
Rotor Ground Fault Relay, and Over Voltage
Relay.

Practice Reports – Electrical Power Engineering - STEI ITB 7