VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VII SEMESTER

EI6704 – BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2018 – 19

Prepared by

Dr.G.Udhayakumar, Associate Professor/EEE,

 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT : EI6704 – BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

SEM / YEAR: VII / IV

UNIT I - FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system and its
fundamentals - Basic components of a biomedical system- Cardiovascular systems-
Respiratory systems -Kidney and blood flow - Biomechanics of bone - Biomechanics
of soft tissues - Basic mechanics of spinal column and limbs -Physiological signals
and transducers - Transducers – selection criteria – Piezo electric, ultrasonic
transducers - Temperature measurements - Fibre optic temperature sensors.
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Differentiate action potential and resting potential. BTL-4 Analyze

2. Name the components of biomedical system. BTL-1 Remember

3. At resting potential of a cell, why the inside of a cell is BTL-2 Understand

negatively charged.
4. Define half-cell potential. BTL-1 Remember

5. Sketch the action potential waveform. BTL-3 Apply

6. Give the Nernst equation for electrode potential. BTL-2 Understand

7. What is bioelectric potential? BTL-1 Remember

8. Draw the structure of neuron. BTL-3 Apply

9. Classify the two major divisions of nervous system? BTL-4 Analyze

10. Explain central nervous system? BTL-5 Evaluate

11. List four criteria for the selection of transducer for BTL-6 Create
bio potential measurement.
12. What is neuron? BTL-1 Remember

13. Discuss the use of transducers in Biomedical BTL-2 Understand

Engineering?
14. Summarize active and passive transducers? BTL-2 Understand

15. Generalize the property of piezo electric transducer. BTL-6 Create

16. What is meant by depolarization and repolarisation of BTL-1 Remember

cell?
17. Generalize “Ohm’s law” for blood flow. BTL-6 Create

18. Sketch the stress strain curve of the Bone. BTL-3 Apply

19. Explain somatic sensory nervous system? BTL-5 Evaluate

20. Point out the spinal cord location in the brain. BTL-4 Analyze

PART – B

1. (i) Discuss the different ways of transport of ions through BTL-2 Understand
the cell membrane. (7)
(ii) Discuss the different parts of central nervous system
and their activity. (6)
2. (i) Describe the action of piezoelectric transducer as BTL-1 Remember
arterial pressure sensor. (7)
(ii) Describe the working of a fibre optic temperature
sensor. (6)
3. Sketch the block diagram of biomedical instrumentation BTL-3 Apply
system and explain the functions of each block. (13)
4. With the action potential waveforms summarize BTL-5 Evaluate
depolarization, repolarisation and absolute and relative
refractory periods. (13)
5. Explain the function of human respiratory system. (13) BTL-2 Understand
6. Explain in detail the principle and working of piezo electric BTL-6 Create
transducer for biomedical applications. (13)
7. Sketch the diagram and equivalent circuit of a differential BTL-1 Remember
capacitance pressure transducer and briefly explain its
operation.(13)
8. Explain in detail about Peripheral nervous system. (13) BTL-1 Remember
9. Briefly explain the criteria’s for selecting transducers for BTL-4 Analyze
biomedical applications. (13)
10. With a neat diagram, explain the function of cardiovascular BTL-1 Remember
system. (13)
 11. (i) Explain the different techniques used for measuring BTL-5 Evaluate
human body temperature. (7)
(ii) Explain biomechanics of bones and soft tissues. (6)

12. (i) Describe the function of human excretory system. (8) BTL-1 Remember
(ii) How do you record the action potential? (5)

13. Summarize LVDT along with its electrical BTL-2 Understand

characteristics. (13)
14. Draw the equivalent circuit of a magnetostrictive BTL-3 Apply
transducer at its resonance and explain its working. (13)
PART - C
1. Classify the names of the different sub systems in our body. BTL-4 Analyze
Explain them with respect to their function and
constituents. (15)
2. (i) What are the different types of muscles? Generalize the BTL-2 Understand
importance of motor unit in the muscular contraction.
(8)
(ii) With a relevant graph describe the relationship between
the action potential and muscle contraction. (7)
3. (i) Describe in detail how pulsatile blood volume changes BTL-5 Evaluate
can be measured using photoelectric type resistive
transducer. (8)
(ii) Illustrate the working of ultrasonic transducers and
discuss its application. (7)
4. (i) Explain the structure of human cell and its constituents BTL-5 Evaluate
with the help of neat diagram. (8)
(ii) Explain the characteristics of resting potential with
reference to Nernst equation. (7)

UNIT II - NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT AND

DIAGNOSTIC
Measurement of blood pressure - Cardiac output - Heart rate - Heart sound -
Pulmonary function measurements – spirometer – Photo Plethysmography, Body
Plethysmography – Blood Gas analysers, pH of blood –measurement of blood pCO2,
pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSR measurements.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is meant by Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)? BTL-1 Remember

2. Define cardiac output. BTL-1 Remember

3. What is heart rate. BTL-1 Remember

4. When can one hear Korotkoff souns? BTL-2 Understand

5. Discuss the reason for decrease in cardiac output? BTL-2 Understand

6. Define systole and diastole. BTL-1 Remember
7. Enumerate the types of heart sound. BTL-4 Analyze

8. Classify different types of heart block? BTL-3 Apply

9. Sketch the block diagram of heart sound recording BTL-3 Apply
system.
10. Differentiate between heart sound and murmurs. BTL-4 Analyze
11. Give the principle of electromagnetic blood flowmeter. BTL-2 Understand
12. What is the use of oxymeters? BTL-1 Remember
13. Define plethysmography? BTL-1 Remember
14. Generalize the basic principle of blood gas analyzer. BTL-6 Create
15. Mention the use of spirometer BTL-3 Apply
16. What is the use of GSR measurement? BTL-1 Remember
17. Which arm is normally used for blood pressure BTL-5 Evaluate
measurement?. List three variables that affect blood
pressure measurement.
18. Classify the types of oxymeters. BTL-4 Analyze
19. Generalize Fick’s principle. BTL-6 Create
20. What is the use of blood flow meter? BTL-1 Remember

PART – B
1. What is cardiac output? Explain in detail any one method BTL-3 Apply
used for cardiac output measurements. (13)

2. Explain the automatic and semiautomatic methods of BTL-4 Analyze

measuring blood pressure. (13)
3. Explain any two measurement techniques for blood BTL-1 Remember
pressure. (13)
4. (i) Explain the measurement of heart sound with suitable BTL-6 Create
diagram. (8)
(ii) Conclude the part of electrocardiogram which is most
useful for determining heart rate? Explain. (5)
5. Sketch the block diagram of automated electro BTL-3 Apply
sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurement and
explain its operation. (13)
 6. (i) Define the important lung capacities and explain them. BTL-1 Remember
(5)
(ii) Describe in detail with neat diagram, differential
ausculatory technique of blood pressure measurement.
(8)
7. What are the causes of heart sounds and how they are BTL-2 Understand
related to the function of cardiovascular system? (13)
8. Explain with relevant equations the working and BTL-2 Understand
measurement procedure of Plethysmograph. (13)
9. With a neat diagram, explain the components of BTL-5 Evaluate
plethysmograph. Also mention different types of
plethysmograph. (13)
10. Explain the measurement of blood pO2 and pCO2. (13) BTL-4 Analyze
11. Give the principle of operation of blood cell counter and BTL-1 Remember
blood gas analyzer and explain its working (13)
12. What is ESR and GSR? Explain the techniques used to BTL-4 Analyze
measure them. (13)
13. Describe the principle of digital pH meter. (13) BTL-6 Create
14. Explain with the help of functional diagram the working BTL-5 Evaluate
of spirometer. (13)
PART C

1. Explain in detail about the direct method and indirect BTL-5 Evaluate
method of blood pressure measurement. (15)
2. (i) Describe the working principle of ultrasonic blood BTL-2 Understand
pressure measurement. (8)
(ii) What is PCG? Give the characteristics of different heart
sounds. (7)
3. Explain about BTL-1 Remember
(i) Blood gas analyser (7)
(ii) Spirometer (8)
4. (i) Explain the measurement method of ESR with a neat BTL-4 Analyze
diagram. (7)
(ii) Describe how whole body plethysmography is used to
measure total lung capacity. (8)
UNIT III - ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS
Electrodes – Limb electrodes –floating electrodes – pregelled disposable electrodes -
Micro, needle and surface electrodes – Amplifiers, Preamplifiers, differential amplifiers,
chopper amplifiers – Isolation amplifier - ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and
recording methods – Typical waveforms - Electrical safety in medical environment, shock
hazards – leakage current-Instruments for checking safety parameters of biomedical
equipments
 PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Classify the various types of electrodes. BTL-4 Analyze

2. Point out any four types of surface electrodes. BTL-4 Analyze

3. What are disposable electrodes? BTL-3 Apply

4. Name the electrodes used for EEG measurement BTL-1 Remember

5. What is preamplifier? State its functional requirements. BTL-1 Remember

6. What is the need of instrument amplifiers in medical BTL-1 Remember

equipments?

7. What is the need of bio-signal amplifier? BTL-1 Remember

8. Give the frequency range & amplitude of ECG waves. BTL-2 Understand

9. Sketch a typical ‘pqrst’ complex waveform with respect BTL-3 Apply

to ECG.
10. List four possible sources of noise in ECG signal Remember
measurement. BTL-1

11. Give the frequency range of alpha, beta, theta and delta Understand
brain waves. BTL-2

12. Draw EINTHOVEN TRIANGLE and how it is used in BTL-5 Evaluate

ECG measurement

13. Point out three types of lead systems used to record BTL-4 Analyze
electrocardiograms.

14. Summarize LATENCY in EMG. BTL-5 Evaluate

15. Draw the standard ECG waveform. Also mark the Create
regions in the wave form. BTL-6

16. Describe the hazards of leakage current. BTL-2 Understand

17. Discuss Let-go current of human body. BTL-2 Understand

18. What is meant by macro shock? Classify the ways by BTL-3 Apply
which macro shocks can be induced?
19. What is ERG? BTL-1 Remember
20. How EEG waves are classified? BTL-6 Create

PART - B
1. Explain the working of Non-mechanical chopper Apply
amplifier with necessary diagram. (13) BTL-3

2. Explain in detail about EEG lead system, recording BTL-3 Apply

methods and waveform.(13)

3. (i) Discuss the working of isolation amplifier with BTL-1 Remember

diagram.(8)
(ii) What are chopper amplifiers? Mention their
importance in Biomedical Instrumentation. (5)
4. Discuss the working of typical EMG recording setup and BTL-2 Understand
typical waveforms.(13)
5. (i) Discuss the working of Differential amplifier. BTL-2 Understand
Mention their importance in biomedical
instrumentation.(7)
(ii) Describe with help of circuit diagram, the working
of a typical instrumentation amplifier.(6)
6. 6With neat diagram, Explain in detail about ERG Understand
. recording system and typical waveforms (13) BTL-2
7. Explain the lead system and recording method of BTL-1 Remember
ECG. (13)
8. Discuss in detail: BTL-4 Analyze
(i) Microelectrodes (7)
(ii) Depth and needle electrodes (6)
9. Explain how the electrical hazards protection can be Analyze
provided in the biomedical instrumentation systems.(13) BTL-4

10 (i) Define Half-cell potential. What are polarisable Remember

. and non-polarisable electrodes? (6) BTL-1
(ii) Describe the usage of the various types of
electrodes used to measure bio potentials.(7)
11. Describe in detail the various ways used to induce the BTL-1 Remember
macro shocks.(13)
12. Discuss about the electrical safety procedures for Analyze
biomedical equipments. (13) BTL-4

13. Explain the instruments used to check the safety BTL-5 Evaluate
parameters of biomedical equipments. (13)
14. Explain briefly the types of surface electrodes.(13) BTL-6 Create

PART C
 1 Explain 10-20 system of electrode placement for the Analyze
measurement of EEG signal. How is it different from BTL-4
10-10 system of electrode placement. (15)

2 With a neat sketch explain the construction and the Remember

principle operation of BTL-1
(i) Microelectrode and (ii) Skin surface electrode. (8+7)
3 (i) Explain the devices used against electrical hazards.(8) BTL-5 Evaluate
(ii) Explain the important aspects of hospital
architecture?(7)
4 (i) Explain Einthoven triangle and describe how BTL-5 Evaluate
ECG lead configurations are employed.(8)
(ii) Clearly describe the different lead systems in
ECG Wave form recording.(7)

UNIT IV - IMAGING MODALITIES AND ANALYSIS

Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI –
Ultrasonography – Endoscopy – Thermography –Different types of biotelemetry systems
- Retinal Imaging - Imaging application in Biometric systems - Analysis of digital images.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Distinguish radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques. BTL-2 Understand

2. Discuss briefly about Tomography. BTL-2 Understand

3. What is computer aided tomography? BTL-1 Remember

4. What is the need for Thermograph? BTL-1 Remember

5. Point out the advantages of MRI scan? BTL-4 Analyze

6. What is ultrasonic Tomographic technique? BTL-1 Remember

7. Illustrate the application of Endoscopy. BTL-3 Apply

8. Define the term thermography and its principle. BTL-1 Remember

9. What is echo ophthalmoscope? BTL-1 Remember

10. What are the three classifications of thermography? BTL-1 Remember

11. Point out the advantages and applications of BTL-4 Analyze
thermography?
12. Mention the different types of ultrasound imaging. BTL-6 Create

13. Generalize the characteristic of good thermographic BTL-6 Create

equipment.
14. Summarize the advantages of digital thermometer? BTL-5 Evaluate

15. Explain biotelemetry? BTL-4 Analyze

16. Draw the block diagram of a bio-telemetry system. BTL-3 Apply

17. Illustrate single channel telemetry? BTL-3 Apply

18. Deduce the anticipated problems of telemetrized systems BTL-5 Evaluate

in the future?
19. Discuss the applications of biotelemetry. BTL-2 Understand
20. Discuss the applications of ultrasound in medical BTL-2 Understand
imaging?

PART - B
1. (i) Explain in detail about the hardware and Remember
instrumentation of Computer Tomography(13) BTL-1
2. (i) Describe a Telemetry circuit using a sub carrier also Remember
list its advantages.(8) BTL-1
(ii) Write a note on Bio-metric systems.(5)

3. Write the working of multichannel biotelemetry BTL-1 Remember

system.(13)

4. Draw an X-ray tube and explain generation of X- BTL-1 Remember

rays.(10)
5. List outathe
Sketch properties
typical of X-rays.
functional block (3)
diagram of amplitude
modulated radio transmitter and receiver and
explain.(13) Apply
BTL-3
6. With neat block diagram explain the principle of BTL-3 Apply
operation and working of MRI system.(13)

7. (i) Explain the infrared thermographic Analyze

instrumentation with suitable diagram.(10) BTL-4
(ii) Mention the application of thermography.(3)

8. Discuss the working principle of endoscopy with neat BTL-2 Understand

diagram and mention applications (13)
 9. Briefly explain the different modes of ultrasonic BTL-4 Analyze
scanning with suitable diagrams.(13)
10. Discuss how the various physiological parameters can be Evaluate
monitored and telemetered and usage of telemetry as an BTL-5
emergency tool.(13)

11. Explain the concept of analysis of digital images.(13) BTL-6 Create

12. Explain computed tomography imaging technique with Analyze

suitable diagram and state its applications.(13) BTL-4
13. (i) Distinguish between radiography and BTL-2 Understand
fluoroscopy.(7)
(ii) Illustrate about the problems associated with
implant telemetry circuits.(6)
14. (i) Describe in detail about the single channel telemetry BTL-2 Understand
system with block diagram.(7)
(ii) Discuss the details of the design of the biotelemetry
circuit.(6)
PART C

1. With a neat illustration, explain the principle of Magnetic Analyze

Resonance Imaging. How is it different from X-ray and BTL-4
CT-imaging system? (15)

2. With a suitable diagram, explain various components of Evaluate

retinal imaging. Also explain the advantages of Optical BTL-5
Coherence Tomography (OCT) when compared to
fundus imaging. (15)
3. Discuss the properties of Ultrasound and how Ultrasound Evaluate
can be used for diagnostics. (5) BTL-5
What are the four basic modes of transmission of
ultrasound? Describe briefly. (10)
4. Explain the different types of biotelemetry system. (15) BTL-2 Understand

UNIT V - LIFE ASSISTING, THERAPEUTIC AND ROBOTIC DEVICES

Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators – Diathermy –
Heart – Lung machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy - ICCU patient
monitoring system - Nano Robots - Robotic surgery – Advanced 3D surgical techniques-
Orthopedic prostheses fixation.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is a demand pacemaker? BTL-1 Remember

2. Classify the types of pacing. BTL-3 Apply

3. Differentiate between external pacemaker and implanted BTL-2 Understand

pacemaker.
4. Classify the types of pacemaker based on modes of BTL-3 Apply
operation of the pacemakers.

5. Point out the function of synchronous pacemaker. BTL-4 Analyze

6. Explain defibrillator and give its disadvantages. BTL-5 Evaluate

7. Give the importance of defibrillator protection circuit in BTL-2 Understand

ECG recorder.

8. Define Electrotherapy. BTL-1 Remember

9. Distinguish a de-fibrillator from a pace maker BTL-2 Understand

10. What is a ventilator? Give its importance in respiratory BTL-2 Understand

failures.
11. What is a stimulator? BTL-1 Remember

12. Give few examples of prosthetic devices. BTL-6 Create

13. State ventricular fibrillation. BTL-4 Analyze

14. Name few tests performed using audiometer. BTL-1 Remember

15. A defibrillator contains a capacitor charged to a voltage BTL-6 Create
of 6000V with an energy store of 200J. Calculate the
capacitance of the Capaictor.
16. Explain lithotripsy BTL-5 Evaluate

17. What is robotic surgery? BTL-1 Remember

18. Differentiate Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis. BTL-3 Apply

19. Point out the variables to be monitored by a patient BTL-4 Analyze

monitoring system.

20. Classify the divisions in patient monitoring system. BTL-3 Apply

PART - B
1. (i) Discuss the stone disease problem and the method BTL-2 Understand
used to overcome with neat diagram.(7)

(ii) Discuss in detail the working of dialyser.(6)

2. (i) Discuss the working of pressure and volume BTL-2 Understand
controlled ventilator.(7)
(ii) Summarize the schematic of evoked response
audiometer.(6)
3 (i) Briefly discuss the block diagram of heart lung BTL-3 Apply
machine.(13)
4 State the need for defibrillator. Describe the schematic of BTL-4 Analyze
implantable defibrillator.(13)

5 (i) Explain the working of lithotripsy with clear BTL-5 Evaluate

schematic diagrams.(6)
(ii) Explain haemodialysis in a detailed manner along
with its merits and demerits.(7)

6 Explain the working of DC defibrillator with a neat block BTL-3 Apply

diagram.(13)

7 Describe the circuit of fixed rate pacemaker and explain BTL-1 Remember
the working details of it.(13)

8 What is dialysis? Explain the principle of operation of a BTL-1 Remember

dialyser machine with a neat block diagram.(13)

9 (i) Summarize the working of AC defibrillator.(7) BTL-2 Understand

(ii) Discuss on nerve and muscle stimulators.(6)
10 (i) Examine the nano robots role in biomedical BTL-4 Analyze
engineering field.(6)
(ii) Illustrate the different modes of operation of cardiac
pacemakers.(7)
11 (i) Distinguish between demand pacemaker and BTL-4 Analyze
synchronized pacemaker.(5)
(ii) With a block diagram of automatic Bekesy
audiometer, explain its measurement procedure.(8)
12 Draw the block diagram of a ventilator along with its BTL-6 Create
accessories and explain its function.(13)

13 (i) Explain briefly ICCU Patient Monitoring System.(7) BTL-1 Remember

(ii) Write short notes on Audiometer.(6)
14 Illustrate the working of an artificial kidney with a neat BTL-1 Remember
diagram.(13)

PART C

1 With suitable diagram describe the haemodialysis and BTL-1 Remember

peritoneal dialysis. (15)
2 What is the need for a pacemaker? With a neat functional BTL-2 Understand
diagram, explain the various components of pacemaker.
(15)
3 (i) Write a short note on robotic surgery.(7) BTL-6 Create
(ii) Explain in detail about the Advanced 3D surgical
techniques used in biomedical field in the world.(8)
4 (i) Explain in detail about shortwave and Microwave BTL-2 Understand
Diathermy Unit. (10)
(ii) Explain the electrical nature of natural pacemaker.(5)