Three

reactions in glycolysis are almost irreversible. Which of the four reactions below is reversible?
A. Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate
B. Phosphoenol pyruvate to pyruvate
C. Fructose-6-phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
D. 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

Gluconeogenesis converts non-carbohydrates such as pyruvate, lactate, and amino acids to glucose; however, in most tissues
gluconeogenesis ends in glucose-6-phosphate, except in which one?
A. Muscle
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Brain

Lactate from muscle goes to liver and enters gluconeogenesis. Lactate also goes to the following tissue where it enters the
TCA cycle:
A. Cardiac muscle cells
B. Kidney
C. Brain
D. Re-enter muscle

In gluconeogenesis pyruvate is converted to phosphoenol pyruvate through the following intermediate(s):
A. Oxaloacetate and malate
B. Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Acetyl CoA and malate

A high ATP/AMP ratio will:
A. Inhibit glycolysis
B. Activate glycolysis
C. Will not affect glycolysis
D. Inhibit gluconeogenesis

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is composed of three large enzymes and fiver cofactors. Three cofactors act as coenzymes and two
act as substrates. Which of the following act as a substrate?
A. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
B. Lipoic acid
C. FAD
D. CoA

In a 100 meter run the ATP pool is used up in less than a second. The next intermediate source of energy is:
A. Aerobic respiration
B. NADH
C. Creatine phosphate
D. Glycolysis

Which of the following is used in anabolic processes as an energy source:
A. NADH + H+
B. FADH2
C. NADPH + H+
D. Acetyl CoA





1

In fermentation pyruvate is converted to:
A. Lactate
B. Ethanol
C. Lactate and ethanol
D. Pyruvate

Where do gluconeogenesis reactions take place?
A. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria and cytoplasm

NADH generated during TCA cycle feeds electrons to Complex I of electron transport chain. But one enzyme system of TCA
cycle is directly associated with electron transport chain (as Complex II) to feed electrons to Ubiquinone. Which of the
following does so?
A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
B. Succinate dehydrogenase
C. Aconitase
D. Fumarase

Which of the following TCA cycle metabolites is/are connected to amino acid synthesis pathway?
A. Oxaloacetate
B. a ketoglutarate
C. A & B
D. Citrate

Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway share the following common compounds:
A. Fructose 6-phosphate, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and Glucose 6-phosphate
B. Pyruvate, Acetyl CoA and Fructose 6-phosphate
C. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and Pyruvate
D. Glucose 6-phosphate, Fructose 6-phosphate and Ribulose 5-phosphate

Proton motive force does not generate ATP, but helps in:
A. ATP degeneration to ADP and Pi
B. ATP release from ATP synthase
C. Assembly of F0 and F1 subunits of ATP synthase
D. Membrane localization

Which of the following electron transport chain components is not a protein(s)?
A. Cytochrome C oxidase
B. Ubiquinone
C. NADH-Q oxidoreductase
D. Cytochrome C

During electron transport chain reactions protons (H+) are transported out of mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane
space. What happens to the pH of the intermembrane space in comparison to that of the matrix when this happens?
A. pH increases
B. pH decreases
C. pH remains the same
D. pH increases and then decreases

2

In phase I of pentose phosphate pathway Glucose 6-phosphate (a 6-carbon sugar) is metabolized to generate ribulose 5-
phosphate (a 5-carbon sugar), CO2, and NADPH by:
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Isomerization
D. Epimerization

Oxaloacetate is NOT an intermediate of which pathway?
A. Glycolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Citric Acid Cycle
D. All of the above

Catalase converts the following to oxygen and water:
A. Hydrogen peroxide
B. Superoxide anion
C. Both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion
D. None of the above

Protons flow back from intermembrane space to mitochondrial matrix by proton motive force through the 10-15 ‘c’ subunits
of the F0 subunit of ATP synthase. The protons neutralize the charge of an amino acid located in the middle of ‘c’ subunit.
What amino acid residue is it?
A. Aspartic acid
B. Glutamic acid
C. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid
D. Serine

Pyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA and CO2. What else is generated?
A. NAD+
B. NADH
C. FAD
D. FADH2

Which of the following TCA cycle enzymes is directly associated with electron transport chain (as Complex II)?
A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
B. Succinate dehydrogenase
C. Aconitase
D. Fumarase

After glucose enters the cell it is trapped inside the cell. Hexokinase reaction is responsible for this. What is the hexokinase
reaction product?
A. Glucose 1-phosphate
B. Glucose 6-phosphate
C. Fructose 6-phosphate
D. Pyruvate

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis form several common compounds although in reverse directions. Which of the following
compounds is made by only one of the two pathways?
A. Pyruvate
B. Glucose 6-phosphate
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Fructose 1,6-phosphate



3

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the following organ:
A. Liver
B. Muscle
C. Pancreas
D. Brain

The following reaction is the link between glycolysis and TCA cycle:
A. Conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
B. Conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
C. Pyruvate to lactate
D. Fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-phosphate

Which of the following reactions releases more energy?
A. ATP à ADP +Pi
B. ATP à AMP + PPi
C. ADP à AMP
D. AMP à ADP

Which pathway (containing one or multiple reactions) will release more energy?
A. Pyruvate à CO2 + H2O
B. Pyruvate à Ethanol
C. Pyruvate à Lactate
D. Pyruvate à Glucose

In glycolysis glucose is converted to pyruvate through 10 reactions whereas in gluconeogenesis pyruvate is converted to
glucose. The two pathways are not exactly reverse of each other. There are three major irreversible reactions in glycolysis
which differ from the opposite reactions in gluconeogenesis. Find out from below which reaction is NOT a part of the three
irreversible reactions:
A. Glucose à Glucose 6-phosphate (by hexokinase)
B. Fructose 1-phosphate à Fructose 1,6-phosphate (by phosphofructokinase)
C. Phosphoenolpyruvate à Pyruvate (by pyruvate kinase)
D. Glucose 6-phosphate à Fructose 6-phosphate (by phosphoglucose isomerase)

Which is the site of TCA cycle?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Mitochrondria
C. Nucleus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following compounds CANNOT directly enter the TCA cycle?
A. Acetyl CoA
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D. Citrate

Where is the lactate (generated in leg muscle) converted to pyruvate (and then enter aerobic respiration)?
A. Liver
B. Heart muscle cells
C. Leg muscle
D. Brain





4

Where is most of the body’s ATP used?
A. Muscle
B. Brain
C. Muscle
D. Heart

Which of the following is a cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex?
A. Coenzyme A (CoA)
B. NADP+
C. MG2+
D. Deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP)

A cancer patient has a fast growing solid tumor. The tumor cells are exposed to sufficient oxygen and show glucose uptake,
but metabolize glucose by aerobic glycolysis. What do the tumor cells generate from glucose by aerobic glycolysis?
A. CO2 + H2O
B. Ethanol
C. Lactate
D. a-ketoglutarate

A person is running for one hour. What is the main mode of glucose metabolism to generate energy during the long run?
A. Glycolysis to generate lactate
B. Glycolysis to generate ethanol
C. Aerobic respiration to generate CO2 + H2O
D. Glucose to creatine phosphate to ATP

Which of the combinations is the best answer? A cell uses oxaloacetate to generate:
A. Malate and citrate
B. Citrate and phosphoenolpyruvate
C. Malate, citrate, and phosphoenolpyruvate
D. Malate, citrate, and pyruvate

Streptococcus mutans, an anaerobic bacterium will metabolize glucose to generate:
A. Acetyl CoA
B. Lactate
C. Ethanol
D. Malate

The difference between the enzymatic activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase is:
A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase releases CO2 from pyruvate and pyruvate carboxylase adds CO2 to pyruvate
B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase adds CO2 to pyruvate and pyruvate carboxylase releases CO2 from pyruvate
C. Both enzymes add CO2 to pyruvate directly
D. Both enzymes release CO2 from pyruvate directly

Baker’s yeast metabolizes glucose to produce ethanol. If an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase is added to a growing
suspension of Baker’s yeast cells, they will rapidly die because:
A. Pyruvate is not being produced to serve as a precursor for synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis so the cells
run out of an energy source
B. More ATP is needed to start the process of glucose degradation under these conditions than can be provided by it
C. The NAD+ needed to keep glycolysis going is not being recycled, so the entire process is shut down and no ATP is
produced
D. Ethanol concentration will rise to levels that are toxic to the cell

5

If blood glucose levels are reduced, what will happen in the liver?
A. Pyruvate kinase will be phosphorylated and inactivated
B. Pyruvate kinase will be dephosphorylated and activated
C. Pyruvate kinase will not be affected
D. Pyruvate kinase will be phosphorylated and activated

Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction links:
A. Glycolysis to gluconeogenesis
B. Glycolysis to citric acid cycle
C. Citric acid cycle to electron transport chain
D. Glycolysis to fermentation

The succinate dehydrogenase reaction that generates FADH2 feeds electrons to which of the following electron transport
complexes of which it is a part of:
A. Complex I
B. Complex II
C. Complex III
D. Complex IV

Which of the following is NOT a mobile or diffusible electron transport chain component?
A. CoenzymeQ
B. FADH2
C. Cytochrome C
D. None

The path of electrons from NADH does NOT involve:
A. Ubiquinone
B. FADH2
C. Cytochrome C
D. None

Oxaloacetate is present in:
A. Mitochondria only
B. Cytoplasm only
C. Mitochondria and cytoplasm
D. Mitochondria, cytoplasm, and nucleus

One of the fates of lactate generated in the muscle is to:
A. Enter the Cori cycle in the liver to generate pyruvate and then glucose
B. Enter cardiac muscle cells to generate pyruvate and then glucose
C. Get metabolized to ethanol in the muscle cells
D. Enter gluconeogenesis in the muscle cells

What step of glucose metabolism can be inhibited by arsenic?
A. Conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA, CO2, and NADH
B. Pyruvate to malate
C. Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
D. Oxaloacetate to malate

Which reaction cannot occur directly as shown below:
A. ADP + ADP à ATP + AMP
B. AMP + PPi à ATP
C. ATP + H2O à ADP + Pi
D. ATP + H2O à AMP + PPi