COMMERCE STREAM

BUSINESS STUDIES
Note : Business Studies replaces Principles and Functions of Management of Pre-revised syllabus.

Paper AI
(FOUNDATION OF BUSINESS)
Time : 2½ Hours Max. Marks: 75
Unit 1 : Nature and Significance of Management 10 marks
(i) Management—concept, objectives, importance
(ii) Management as an activity, process, discipline, and as a group.
(iii) Nature of management, as a science, as an art, and as a profession
(iv) Management and administration—different views on the usage of the terms.
(v) Levels of management—top, middle, supervisory
(vi) Management functions—planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
(vii) Coordination—nature and importance.
Unit 2 : Principles of Management 8 marks
(i) Principle of Management—meaning, nature and significance.
(ii) Fayol's principles of management.
(iii) Scientific Management—Principles and Techniques.
Unit 3 : Business Environment 8 marks
(i) Business Environment—meaning and importance
(ii) Dimensions of Business Environment—Political, Economic, Social, Legal-regulatory
(iii) Economic Environment in India. Impact of government policy changes on business and
industry with special reference to liberalisation and globalisation (since 1991)
(iv) Managerial response to changes in business environment.
Unit 4 : Planning 8 marks
(i) Meaning, features, importance
(ii) Goals, Objectives, Policy, Procedure, Methods, Rules, Budget and Programmes—meaning
and distinction.
(iii) Planning process
(iv) Limitations of planning.

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Unit 5 : Organising 12 marks
(i) Meaning and importance
(ii) Steps in the process of organizing
(iii) Structure of organization—functional and divisional
(iv) Formal and informal organization
(v) Delegation: Meaning and importance
(vi) Elements of delegation
(vii) Meaning and importance of decentralisation
(viii) Difference between delegation and decentralisation.
Unit 6 : Staffing 9 marks
(i) Meaning, need and importance of staffing
(ii) Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management
(iii) Steps in staffing process
(iv) Recruitment—meaning and sources
(v) Selection—meaning, process
(vi) Training and Development—meaning, need and distinction, methods—job rotation,
apprenticeship, vestibule, internship.
(vii) Types of compensation and incentives—monetary and non monetary
(viii) Methods of wage payment—time rate and piece rate
Unit 7: Directing 12 marks
(i) Meaning and importance
(ii) Elements of Direction
— Supervision—meaning and importance
— Motivation—meaning hierarchy of needs and importance of motivation
— Leadership—meaning, importance, qualities of a good leader
— Communication—meaning, and importance, formal and informal communication and
barriers to effective communication.
Unit 8 : Controlling 8 marks
(i) Meaning and importance
(ii) Relationship between planning and controlling
(iii) Steps in the process of control

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 Paper B
(BUSINESS FINANCE AND MARKETING)
Time : 2½ Hours Max. Marks : 75
Unit 9 : Financial Management 20 marks
(i) Meaning, objectives and finance function
(ii) Financial planning— meaning and importance
(iii) Capital Structure— meaning and factors
(iv) Capitalisation— over and under, causes and effects
(v) Fixed and Working Capital— meaning and factors affecting both
(vi) Determinants of dividend decision
Unit 10 : Capital Market 15 marks
(i) Concept and nature of capital market— primary and secondary market
(ii) Money market
(iii) Distinction between capital market and money market
(iv) Stock Exchange— meaning, functions, NSEI, OCTEI, nature and purpose
(v) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) – Objectives and Functions
Unit 11: Marketing Management 30 marks
(i) Marketing management— marketing concept and objectives
(ii) Distinction between marketing and selling
(iii) Marketing functions
(iv) Marketing mix— elements
Product— product mix, branding, labelling and packaging
Price— pricing strategies
Place— physical distribution and channels of distribution factors determining choice of
channels
Promotion — sales promotion—concept and market
— advertising—features, media, choice of media, objections to advertising
— personal selling—features
Public Relation —concept
Unit 12 : Consumer Protection 10 marks
(i) Importance of consumer protection
(ii) Consumer rights
(iii) Consumer responsibilities
(iv) Ways and means of consumer protection— Consumer awareness and legal redressal with
special reference to Consumer Protection Act.
(v) Role of consumer organisations and NGOs.
Suggested Books :
1. Tulsian's Business Studies by P.C. Tulsian published by Ratna Sagar, Delhi.
2. Business Studies by Arora and Sethi published by Oxford University, Press.

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 FACTORY ORGANIZATION AND OFFICE ADMINISTRATION
Marks : 150

Paper A
(FACTORY ORGANIZATION)
Max. Marks : 75 Time : 2½ hrs.

Unit I : Nature of a Factory and its characteristic features 15 marks

Nature of manufacturing activity (Seasonal and perennial); Concepts of factory and
workshop. Definition of factory under the Factory Act. Characteristic features of small
and large factories (small – scale units and large scale establishments).
Unit II : Setting up of a factory 15 marks
(i) Setting up of a small scale Unit
(a) Deciding on the nature of product and volume of production with reference to
products reserved for small scale sector.
(b) Availability and sources of raw materials, fuel, power, water, transport and
banking facilities
(c) Estimation of capital: Long term funds and working capital (factors to be
considered).
(d) Selection of factory site (Location), considerations in selection.
(e) Placing orders for machinery and equipment.
(f) Local laws and rules: permission from local authorities.
(g) Registration of a factory under factory or other appropriate (Shop and
Establishment Act).
(ii) Setting up of a large scale factory – licensing requirements.

Unit III : Factory Designing and layout 15 marks

Type of factory building (Horizontal, vertical, Single storey and multi-storey, relative needs
and advantages).
Meaning of factory layout.
Types of layout.
Considerations in deciding on the layout.
Heating, Lighting, Ventilation, Service facilities.
Rules of law regulating factory layout (main requirements).

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Unit IV : Internal Organisation of a Factory 15 marks
Departmentalization in factory – operating department (workshops and service department).
Status, authority and responsibilities of the factory manager.
Factory Manual – meaning and broad outlines on contents.
Organizational Chart of a typical factory.

Unit V : Factory Materials and Stores 15 marks

Raw materials, work in process, finished goods,
Spare parts, factory stores and supplies.
Materials procurement and storage
Materials control; Issue and replenishment of materials, safety stock, ordering levels, order
quantities.
Pricing of materials-Issue: FIFO and LIFO.

Paper B
(OFFICE ADMINISTRATION)
Max. Marks : 75 Time : 2½ hrs.
Unit I : Nature and functions of Office 10 marks
(a) Meaning and importance of office.
(b) Relationship of office with other departments.
(c) Function- basic and auxiliary.
(d) Position and role of an office manager.
Unit II : Office Layout and Working Conditions 10 marks
(a) Location of office.
(b) Office building
(c) Office layout – nature, principles, types.
(d) Open and private offices.
(e) Office environment – lighting, ventilation, temperature, and interior decoration- (General
outline).
Unit III : Work Flow in Office 10 marks
Concept of work flow and flow charts.
Difficulties in work flow.
Unit IV : Office organization 10 marks
(a) Principles.
(b) Types-Line, line and staff and service organization.
(c) Office charts and manuals.

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Unit V : Office communication 10 marks
(a) Basic principles.
(b) Internal communication.
(c) External communication.
Unit VI : Handing inward and outward mail 15 marks
(a) Organisation of the mailing section.
(b) Arrangements with post – office.
(c) Inward mail routine.
(d) Dealing with correspondence
(e) Outward mail routine
(f) Mechanising mail service.
Unit VII : Filing and Indexing 10 marks
(i) Filing : Meaning and importance
(a) Classification of paper for filing.
(b) Methods of filing. Horizontal and vertical
(ii) Indexing :
(a) Meaning and importance
(b) Basis of Index
(c) Types of Index

BOOKS RECOMMENDED/SUGGESTED FOR STUDY :

(1) Business Studies – II (New Book) NCERT, New Delhi.

(2) Business Studies by Arora and Sethi, Published by Oxford University.
(5) Principles of Business Studies Vol. II M/s Pitamber Publishing Co., 888,
(6) Principles of Office Administration East Park Road, Karol Bagh,
New Delhi-110 005.
(7) Office Administration; Sector IV M/s Asha Parkashan Greh, 30,
Naiwala Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005.

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 ACCOUNTANCY
Paper A
(PARTNERSHIP AND COMPANY ACCOUNTS)

Max. Marks: 75 Time : 2½ Hours

Unit 1 : Accounting for Partnership 10 marks
(a) Meaning and Nature of Partnership Firm :
(b) Partnership Deed – Meaning, Impact.
(c) Special Aspects of Final Accounts of Partnership:
(i) Fixed v/s Fluctuating Capital,
(ii) Division of Profit among partners,
(iii) Past adjustments
(iv) Guarantee of Minimum Profits,
(v) Goodwill: Nature, Factors affecting and Methods of valuation: average profit,
super profit, Multiplier and Capitalisation,
(vi) Accounting for Joint Life Policy.

Unit 2 : Reconstitution of Partnership 24 marks

(a) Change in Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners:
(i) Sacrificing Ratio and Gaining Ratio,
(iii) Accounting Treatment of Goodwill,
(iv) Accounting Treatment for Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities,
(v) Accounting Treatment of Reserves and Accumulated Profits/losses,
(vi) Adjustment of Joint Life Policy
(vii) Adjustment of Capital Accounts.
(b) Admission of a Partner:
(i) Effect of Admission of a Partner,
(ii) Change in Profit Sharing Ratio - Sacrificing Ratio,
(iii) Accounting Treatment of Goodwill,
(iv) Accounting Treatment for Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities,
(v) Accounting Treatment of Reserves and Accumulated Profits/losses,
(vi) Adjustment of Joint Life Policy
(vii) Adjustment of Capital Accounts.
(c) Retirement/Death of a Partner :
(i) Effect of Retirement/Death of a Partner
(ii) Change in Profit Sharing Ratio - Gaining Ratio,
(iii) Accounting Treatment of Goodwill,

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 (iv) Accounting Treatment for the Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities,
(v) Adjustment of Reserves and Accumulated Profits/ Losses,
(vi) Adjustment of Joint Life Policy, and
(vii) Adjustment of Capital Accounts.

Unit 3 : Dissolution of Partnership Firm 10 marks

(a) Meaning,
(b) Settlement of Accounts: Preparation of Realisation account and related accounts
(excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of a partner).

Unit 4 : Accounting for Share Capital 16 marks

(a) Share and Share Capital: Meaning, Nature and Types.
(b) Accounting for Share Capital:
(i) Issue and Allotment of Equity and Preference Shares,
(ii) Private Placement and Public Subscription of share capital,
(iii) Over subscription and Under subscription,
(iv) Issue at par, premium and at discount,
(v) Calls in advance, Calls in arrears, Interest on Calls in advance and arrears,
(vi) Issue of Shares for consideration other than cash.
(c) Forfeiture of Shares: Accounting Treatment, Re-Issue of Forfeited Shares.
(d) Disclosure of Share Capital in company’s Balance Sheet.

Unit 5 : Accounting for Debentures 15 marks

(a) Issue of Debentures:
(i) Meaning of Debentures,
(ii) Issue of Debentures at par, at a premium, and at Discount
(iii) Issue of Debentures for consideration other than cash,
(iv) Debentures as a Collateral Security.

(b) Redemption of Debentures:

(i) Meaning,
(ii) Sources of funds for redemption of debentures: from the proceeds of fresh of
share capital and debentures, Out of accumulated profits and Sinking Fund.

(c) Methods of redemption of debentures:

(i) In lump-sum at the end of stipulated period,
(ii) By draw of lots,
(iii) By purchasing in the open market,
(iv) By conversion into new debentures or shares.

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 Paper B
(ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS)

Max. Marks: 75 Time allowed : 2½ Hours

Unit 6 : Financial Statements of a Company: 8 marks

Balance Sheet of a Company in the prescribed form with major headings only (Schedule VI).

Unit 7 : Financial Analysis: Meaning, Significance and Purpose, Limitations 7 marks

Unit 8 : Tools for Financial Analysis: Comparative Statements,

Common Size Statement 10 marks

Unit 9 : Accounting Ratios: 28 marks

(i) Meaning and Objectives,
(ii) Types of Ratios:
Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio, Liquid Ratio,
Solvency Ratios: Debt to equity, Total Assets to Debt, Proprietary Ratio,
Activity Ratios: Capital Turnover Ratio, Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio, Creditors
Turnover Ratio, Stock Velocity, Debtors’ Velocity, Creditors’ Velocity, Inventory
Turnover, Debtors Turnover, Working Capital Turnover,
Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio. Operating Profit Ratio, Net
Profit Ratio, Expenses Ratios, Return on Capital Employed, Return on Equity, Return
on Equity Shareholders Funds, Earning per share

Unit 10 : Cash Flow Statement: 22 marks

(i) Meaning and Objectives,
(ii) Preparation,
(iii) Adjustments related to depreciation, dividend and tax, sale and purchase of
non-current assets (as per revised standard issued by ICAI).

BOOKS SUGGESTED:
1. Tulsian's Accountancy by P.C. Tulsian Published by Ratna Sagar.
2. Accountancy by Mittal and Others, Published by V. K. Enterprises India, New Delhi.

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 BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

Marks : 150

Paper A
Max. Marks : 75 Time : 2½hrs.

Unit I : Introduction to computers 15 marks

Computing (I)
What are computers? What they can perform and what they can not perform, role and
use of computers in modern society, etc. Meaning of a problem- algorithm, a detailed
and precise step by step method of solution of the problem illustrated by means of simple
day-to-day problems (like buying and article, multiplication of numbers, etc.). Simple flow
charting (decision boxes included but not loops), easy exercises.
Computing (II)
Flow charts involving loops-algorithms for mathematical problems already studied from
topics such as profit and loss, ratio and proportion, simple and compound interests,
discount; HCF and LCM, etc. Easy exercises.

Unit II : Statistics 20 marks

1. Definition of statistics.
2. Organising raw data in a form in which it is more easily comprehended; Recall
of frequency distribution and its graphical representation through bar diagram,
pi-charts, etc.
3. Relative frequency distribution as a tool for comparing two distributions.
4. Measures of location and dispersion as methods of summarising the information
contained in a frequency distribution. Mean and standard deviation; Median and
Mean deviation about the median.
5. Methods of calculating mean, standard deviation and mean deviation.

Unit III : Linear Programming 15 marks

Linear inequation in two variables and the graph of its solution set, system of linear
inequations in the variables and the graph of its solution set. Meaning of linear programming
and its importance, Meaning of Constraints, objective function, optimization, iso-profit
line, etc. Mathematical formulation of a linear programming; problem and its solution by
graphical method.

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Unit IV : Permutation and Combination 15 marks
Fundamental principle of counting and meaning of n; permutation as arrangements;
Meaning of nPr and nCr; Simple applications including circular permutations.

Unit V : Probability 10 marks

Random experiment and the associated sample (i.e. set of all outcomes); Events as
subjects of the sample space, occurrence of an event; Sure event, impossible event,
mutually exclusive events.

Paper B
Max. Marks : 75 Time : 2½ hrs.

Unit I : Quadratic Equations 11 marks

Solution of a quadratic equations in the complex number system (and reducible equation)
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b, c, ∈ R, a ≠ 0) by factorization and formula methods; solutions
of quadratic equation by completing the square, Relation between roots and coefficients,
and nature of roots; Formations of quadratic equations with given roots, Symmetric
functions of roots of quadratic equations viz α2 + β2, α3 + β3, 1/α + 1/β, 1/α2+1/β2

Unit II : Co-ordinate Geometry 20 marks

(Cartesian System of Rectangular Coordinates) Co-ordinate system in a plane. Distance
formula, Area of triangle, condition for collinearity of three points.; Section formula;
Centoid and Incentres; Locus and its equation . Translation of axes, slope of a non-
vertical line, parallels and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the cordinate axes

The Straight line

Various forms of the equation of a line the general form of equation of the line, intersection
of lines.
Angle between two lines, Condition for parallelism and perpendicularity condition for
concurrency of three lines. Distance of a point from a line, Co-ordinates of orthocentre
and circumcentre of a triangle.

Family of lines
Equations of families of lines Homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y ; Angle
between pair of lines through the origin. Combined equation of the bisectors of the angle
between pair of lines. Conditions for general second degree equation to represents a
pair of lines, point of intersection and angle between the two lines, point of intersection
and angle between the two lines represented by S=0 and the factors of S.

Circles
Standard form of the equation of a circle. Condition for a line to be a tangent to the
circle, length of the tangent, Equation to the tangent at the point (x1,y1).

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Unit III : Sequence & Series 12 marks
Sequence, examples of finite and infinite sequences, First term, Common difference and
nth term; Sum of n terms of construction of an A.P.; Arithmetic means, Insertion of A.M.
between any two given numbers.
Geometric progression. First term, common ratio and nth term; Sum of n terms and sum
of infinity; Geometric Means. Insertion of G.M. in between any two given numbers of
A.P. and G.P. Recurring decimal numbers as G.P.; Special cases ∑n, ∑n2, ∑n3 and
arithmetico - Geometric series

Unit IV : Matrices and Determinants 20 marks

Matrix as a rectangular arrangement of numbers. Type of matrices, equality of matrices;
Addition, Scalar multiplication and multiplication of matrices, linear combinations of
matrices, non-commutativity and associatively of matrix, multiplication, singular and non-
singular matrices; Linear equations in matrix notation, Determinants; miners and cofactors
of determinants, expansion of a determinant, properties and elementary transformation
of determinants, application of determinants in solution of equations and area of a triangle;
Cramer’s rule, adjoint and inverse of a matrix and its properties ; Application of matrices
in solving simultaneous equations in three variables.

Unit V : Binomial Theorem and Mathematical induction. 12 marks

Principle of mathematical induction with respect to natural numbers and its applications.
Proof of the theorem for positive integral exponent using the principle of induction;
General and particular term; Binomial theorem for any index (without proof).Applications
of binomial theorem for approximation; properties of binomial coefficients.

BOOKS PRESCRIBED :
1. Mathematics Textbooks for classes IX and X. Published by J&K State Board Of School
Education.
2. Mathematics Textbooks for classes XI and XII. Published by J&K State Board Of School
Education.

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 SALESMANSHIP AND MONETARY ECONOMICS

Marks : 150
Max. Marks : 75 Time : 2½hrs.
Paper A
(SALESMANSHIP)

Unit I : Qualities Origin & Importance 15 marks

Origin and development of salesmanship; Importance of Salesmanship; Definition and
elements of salesmanship, Salesmanship as a science, as an art and as a career.

Unit II : Qualities 10 marks

Qualities of a good salesman-physical, mental, psychological and social, place of a
salesman.

Unit III : Types 20 marks

Types of Salesman: Wage employed and self-employed Salesman. The manufactures
salesman, the wholesalers, salesman, The retailers salesman, the exporters salesman,
other Types of salesman; Travelling salesman, Salesman to Purchasing agent, consumers
and professional man auctioners agent, insurance agent, estate agent, estatebroker, etc
and self-employed salesman.
Unit IV : Recruitment 15 marks
Recruitment of a salesman; sources of recruitment. Preparation for selection and selection
procedure, Concept and participation in various methods of Training for salesmanship.

Unit V : Remuneration 15 marks

Remuneration and incentives to salesman-fixed and commission; Travelling expenses,
Compensation Plan, non-financial incentives, motivation, sales contest; and other incentives
for stimulating salesman for sale promotions, Supervision control and evaluation of
salesman.

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 Paper B
(MONETARY ECONOMICS)

Max.Marks : 75 Time : 2½ hrs.

Unit I : Introduction of money 15 marks

1. Meaning of Barter system and its difficulties
2. Introduction of Money. Importance and function of money.
3. Kinds of money and its essentials.
Advantages and dis-advantages of paper money.
Principles of Note issue system .Essentials of sound Currency system.
Unit II : Inflation 15 marks
Meaning of inflation. Nature of inflation in developing Economy. Effect of changing price.
Control of inflation. Failure of price control meaning and cause of deflation.
Unit III : Monetary policy 15 marks
Dare money v /s Cheap Money. Neutral Money Policy monetary policy for a developing
country limitations of Monetary policy monetary policy v/s Fiscal policy.

Unit IV : Exchange Rates Determination 15 marks

Rates exchange under Gold Standard. Exchange Between Gold-Silver standard. Exchange
between Convertible and non-convertible paper currency. Objectives of Exchange
control. Forms of exchange Control.
Unit V : Public Revenue & Public Expenditure 15 marks
Meaning of public Revenue & public Expenditure. Development and non-development
of expenditure. Principles of public expenditure. Sources of Revenue Taxes and its
classification. Direct and indirect Cannons of Taxation. Tax-Merits and Demerits of
Direct and indirect taxation. Policy for developing economy.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. Advertising and salesmanship by Solanki & Deshpande.
2. Salesmanship by Sahu.
3. Elementary Economic theory by K.K. Dewet & J.D. Verma
4. Principles of Economics by D.M. Mithani.

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 TYPEWRITING & SHORTHAND

Marks : 150

Paper A
(TYPEWRITING)

Max. Marks : 75 marks

External Examination : 50 marks
Time allowed : 3 hrs.
Internal assessment : 25 marks
External Examination : 50 marks
There shall be one practical paper of 50 marks and 3 hours duration. The paper shall contain
the following exercises :
(i) Passage of 400-500 words (prose) 15 Marks
(ii) A business letter 10 Marks
(iii) A tabular statement 15 Marks
(iv) Viva-voce 10 Marks
In viva-voce, knowledge of the following be tested :
(i) Key board
(ii) Function of different parts of machine.
(iii) Table setting and
(iv) Maintenance of typewriter shall be tested.
The length of the above material will be in accordance with the time allowed .
Accuracy and arrangement shall be given paramount importance.
The speed expected of the examinees shall be 30 words per minute.
Actual time taken by the examinees in typing out the passage shall be noted on the answer sheet.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT : 25 Marks
25 marks allocated for internal assessment shall be awarded on the basis of two tests one of
15 marks and the other of 10 marks.
IST TEST : 15 marks SECOND TEST : 10 marks
Passage : 6 marks Passage : 4 marks
Business letter : 3 marks Business letter : 2 marks
Tabular statement : 6 marks Tabular statement : 4 marks

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 Paper B
(SHORTHAND)

Max. Marks : 75 marks

External Examination : 50 marks
Time allowed : 3 hrs.
Internal assessment : 25 marks

EXTERNAL EXAMINATION :
There shall be one practical paper of 50 marks and 3 hours duration, 10 marks shall be reserved
for viva-voce.
The candidates shall be required to take down dictation in shorthand at speed of 60 words per
minute. The material for shorthand may be a passage of 800-1000 words.
After taking down dictation students shall be required to transcribe the same in their own
handwriting, in long hand.
The outline of the shorthand shall have to be attached by the candidate with the answer sheet.
10 marks are reserved for outline (shorthand).
Outline 10 marks
Transcription in long hand 30 marks
Viva-voce 10 marks
In Viva-voce knowledge of consonants and vowels, Grammoalogues.
Contractions, abbreviations, Suffixes and prefixes, etc shall be tested.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT :
Marks in internal assessment shall be awarded on the basis of two tests (internal) as given below:
1st Test 15 marks
2nd Test 10 marks
Note : The school shall maintain a cumulative record card indicating marks awarded to candidates in
the internal assessment both in typewriting and shorthand.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. Pitman’s instructions by Pitman & Sons, London.
2. Keskar and Sarant-the new manual of typewriting; G.R. Bhargava & Sons.
3. Saxena and Vidyarthi; Typewriting manual part-3, A & B Nand Kishore Bros., Banaras

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