A

PROJECT REPORT
ON
“Video conferencing: The new generation of communication”

SUBMIITTED TO

MAEER’S
MIT SCHOOL OF TELECOM
AND
MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BY
Sadanand Garde
BATCH NO: 2009-2011

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN

MANAGEMENT STUDIES (PGDM).
2009-2011

MAEER’S MIT SCHOOL OF TELECOM AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES

(MITSOT), PUNE
 Video Conferencing
Introduction:

Videoconferencing uses telecommunications of

audio and video to bring people at different sites
together for a meeting. This can be as simple as a
conversation between two people in private
offices (point-to-point) or involve several sites
(multi-point) with more than one person in large
rooms at different sites.

Besides the audio and visual transmission of

people, video conferencing can be used to share
documents, computer-displayed information,
and whiteboards. Improvements are being made
in collaborative tools that allow people at
different sites to electronically manipulate a
common document or computer application.
What is video conference?
It have many definition:
1-Video conferencing is interactive two-way
visual and audio communication over a
distance. It is often referred to as
"videoconferencing" or "video
teleconferencing".
2- Is a technology allows two or more people at
different locations to see and hear each
other at the same time. videoconferencing
offers new possibilities for legal
professionals in need of out-of-town
meetings,
collaborations, depositions and trial-
preparation.
3-Videoconferencing transmits video, audio,
and data across a communications network
enabling geographically dispersed
participants to meet synchronously.

Why video conference?

Sometimes it's just not possible or
practical to have a face-to-face meeting with two
or more people. Sometimes a telephone
conversation or conference call is adequate.
Other times, an email exchange is adequate.
Video conferencing adds another possible
alternative. Consider video conferencing when:
• a live conversation is needed.
• visual information is an important
component of the conversation.
• the parties of the conversation can't
physically come to the same location. or
• the expense or time of travel is a
consideration.
video conference benefit:
1-Increased Productivity.
2-Increased Participation .
3-Improved Competitive Advantage .
4-Shortened Business Cycles .
5-Reduced Travel Costs .
6-Reduced Travel Stress.
video conference services:
Video Streaming
Streaming video is a sequence of
"moving images" that are sent in compressed
form over the Internet and displayed by the
viewer as they arrive. Streaming media is
streaming video with sound. With streaming
video or streaming media, a Web user does not
have to wait to download a large file before
seeing the video or hearing the sound. Instead,
the media is sent in a continuous stream and is
played as it arrives. The user needs a player,
which is a special program that uncompresses
and sends video data to the display and audio
data to speakers. A player can be either an
integral part of a browser or downloaded from
the software maker's Web site.
Streaming video provides a continuous
digital video and/or audio signal across a data
network. As a viewer, you typically make a web
browser-based player connection to a streaming
server to receive a webcast (live program) or
video-on-demand (previously recorded
program). The program is sent from the server
to your player in a continuous fashion, as
opposed to having the entire program
downloaded before viewing can begin. Viewing
begins much quicker with streaming. No copy of
the entire program is stored on the computer
being used for viewing.

Uses of Video Streaming:

•Special Events.
•Conferences (Remote
Attendance).
•Distance Lecturing.
•Remote Monitoring.
•Academic
ContentDistribution
•Student Produced Content Distribution.
Video Streaming:
•Windows Media.
•Real.
•QuickTime.
•MPEG 2/4.

Some issues in video conferencing:

1-Display Systems:
A video conferencing system needs a
display or projection device for maximizing
visual output. Initially, video conferences were
displayed on a TV set or a computer monitor.
Today there are many more choices and often
two or more displays are used for video
conferencing. This could mean a display device
for an instructor, overhead projection for
students, a document camera, PCs, DVD
content, etc.

Bandwidth :
Bandwidth is defined as the capacity a
telecomm-unications channel has to move
information. Many of the standard video
conferencing systems used today operate at
bandwidths ranging from 128 Kbps to 768 Kbps.
These ran-ges have historically been selected to
minimize cost and because additional bandwidth
was not always available.

Camera Designs :
In the past, high definition cameras
have only been available for digital camcorders
or the broadcast television market. Now that
high definition is being used for video con-
ferencing, firms are starting to develop software
and techno-logy to make high resolution
cameras for high definition vid-eo conferencing.
The Types of Videoconferencing:
Compressed videoconferencing can take
place in a point-to-point (2 sites) or multipoint
(3 sites or more) configuration. All sites
participating in a videoconference require a
codec. All sites participating in a multipoint call
must be “bridged” using embedded multipoint
capability or a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU).
Many codecs have embedded capability to
“bridge” up to 4 sites - 3 other sites and their
own. The codec initiating a multipoint call may
also need additional network bandwidth to call
or “host” a multipoint call.
The utilization of an MCU is typically
required for multipoint conferences of 4 or more
sites. An MCU is a hardware solution, which
provides connectivity of multiple sites for video,
audio and even web connectivity. During a
multipoint conference, all participates can hear
one another at all times. What participants see is
dependent upon how your conference is set up
via the MCU:
♦ Voice Activated: Participants see the site that
is currently speaking or last spoke on the
monitor.
♦ Continuous Presence: Participants see all sites
in various window layouts on the monitor.
Equipment Requirements:
♦ Codec.
♦ Display.
♦ Camera.
♦ Microphone.
♦ Speaker.

Codecs:
Codecs provide the primary processing
power connecting your videoconference. Most
features are embedded into the codec and
accessible via a remote control or touch panel.
Codecs are available as a settop (sits directly on
top of adisplay) or in a rackmounted version.
Displays:
Depending on the room size and viewing
requirements, users may choose from avariety of
displays including monitors, plasma screens,
and projectors.
Cameras:
Most settop codecs include a high-end
business-quality 1-chip camera. Rack mounted
codecs require the separate selection of a
camera. Color cameras used in video-
conferences should have full pan/tilt/zoom
capability. For meetings or applications
requiring a higher resolution, 3-chip cameras are
also available. Most codecs also support the use
of 2 or more cameras for larger rooms. Cameras
may be placed facing a speaker/teacher and
participants/class.
Microphones:
There are many microphone options
available including tabletop, ceiling, and
wireless. Most codecs are provided with a single
tabletop microphone, which typically picks up 4-
6
people around a medium-sized table.
Microphones are available in uni, or
multidirectional formats.
Speakers:
Most monitors or plasmas are equipped with
speakers that are sufficient for
videoconferencing. For larger or more complex
requirements, additional speakers sshould be
considered for adequate audio output.

Video Conferencing Systems :

Video conferencing systems vary
widely, however, features of most all systems are
expanding rapidly and the interoperation among
products from leading manufacturers is
excellent. For example, most video conferencing
systems support two monitors and two cameras,
one each for people and documents. While
features are becoming plentiful, most modern
video conference systems can be operated with a
simple remote control - similar to those used to
operate a consumer television.
Although today there are a number of
superb video conferencing products (Sony,
Tandberg and Polycom) on the market, each
supporting a wide array of features, choosing the
best product can be quite difficult. Technical
considerations include choosing a network type,
selecting equipment capabilities, finding a
quality vendor and consideration of the video
conference meeting room environment.
How Videoconferencing Works:
Assume that we wont to make video
connection between two (2) sites. Each site has
real-time interactive audio and video
connectivity so that you can meet people from
around the world face-to-face without leaving
your office.
 Videoconferencing functionality is a cyclical
process. During a videoconference, video,
audio and data are compressed and transmitted
via ISDN or an IP network connection by a
codec.
The codec will “code” the analog visual
signal received from the camera, compress into
the amount of bandwidth available and then
“decode” or decompress once the video,
audio and data have been transmitted to the
other site. The connection is a 2-way
synchronous connection between two or more
sites.
The picture quality of a videoconference is
dependent
on three contributing factors: network
bandwidth, frame
rate and hardware selection. The more network
bandwidth available, the faster and better the
audio, video, and data packets can travel thus
improving the picture quality.
The audio stream in a video call is actually
delayed to
arrive simultaneously with the video to maintain
lip synchronization. The audio quality is
dependent upon snetwork bandwidth and
business-class hardware as well.
Voice-over-IP: The Future of Communications

Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP,

architecture consists of end-user devices,
gateways, gatekeepers and the IP network. The
software for VoIP is a collection of programs,
applications and protocols to manage the
architecture. The significance of VoIP software is
underlined by the increasing demand for higher
quality of service from consumers. Effective
software programming translates into effective
management of calls--in terms of routing of the
calls through the least congested paths--and
clarity of voice.
VoIP software can be classified according to the
different functionalities in the VoIP network.
These functionalities include the management of
user interfaces, call processing, network
management and billing. User interface software
handles the interface to the user of IP telephone.
The important features of the user interface
include algorithms to compress voice data, echo
cancellation and encryption.
 VoIP, Internet Telephony, Voice-
over-the-Internet: What are they?
The terms Voice-over-Internet Protocol
(“VoIP”), IP telephony, Internet telephony,
and
Voice-over-the-Internet (“VoN”) are given
different meanings by different
commentators and in fact have no
universally agreed-upon meaning. There
are, however, distinctions to be kept in
mind, for IP can be used in various ways
for the transmission of voice.

VoIP is a generic term that refers to all

types of voice communication using
Internet protocol (IP) technology instead of
traditional circuit switched technology.
This includes use of packet technologies
by telecommunications companies to
carry voice at the core of their networks in
ways that are not controlled by and not
apparent to end users.

Transmission Of Voice Using IP

Networks: How Does It Work?
how a VoIP transmission is completed?
Step 1: Because all transmissions must be
digital, the caller’s voice is digitized.
This can be done by the telephone
company (which is how carriers use IP in
their
networks), by an Internet service provider
(ISP), or by a PC on your desk.
Step 2: Next using complex algorithms the
digital voice is compressed and then
separated into packets; and using the
Internet protocol, the packets are
addressed and sent
across the network to be reassembled in
the proper order at the destination. Again,
this
reassembly can be done by a carrier, and
ISP, or by one’s PC.
Step 3: During transmission on the
Internet, packets may be lost or delayed,
or
errors may damage the packets.
Conventional error correction techniques
would request
retransmission of unusable or lost packets,
but if the transmission is a real-time voice
communication that technique obviously
would not work, so sophisticated error
detection
and correction systems are used to create
sound to fill in the gaps. (This process
stores a
portion of the incoming speaker’s voice,
and uses a complex algorithm to “guess”
the
contents of the missing packets and
create new sound information to enhance
the
communication.)
Step 4: After the packets are transmitted
and arrive at the destination, the
transmission is assembled and
decompressed to restore the data to an
approximation of
the original form.

Advantages of IP for Voice

1/Greater Efficiency.
2/Lower Cost
3/Higher Reliability.
4/Supporting Innovation: IP is a
nonproprietary standard agreed on by
hardware and
software developers, and is free to be
used by anyone. This open architecture
allows
entrepreneurial firms to develop new
hardware and software that can
seamlessly fit into
the network. In contrast, the circuit
switched network operates as a closed
system, thus
making it more difficult for innovative
developers to build and implement new
applications.
Reasons To Use VoIP:
(1) Free or inexpensive voice calling.
Speaks for itself.
(2) Video calling. Depending on which VoIP
or VoIM client you use. (Skype, Sightspeed.)
(3) Text mode chat. This is a great
simultaneous supplement to a voice
conversation.
• (4) File sharing`g. At the end of the lesson,
you can send over a PDF file.
• (5) Application sharing. Need to run
through a lesson in, say, Powerpoint? Or
maybe you are teaching programming and
want to share your code editor. It’s great for
when voice and text aren’t enough. (Aim
Pro.)
• (6) Conferencing. Want to keep costs for
students down? Teach in conference mode.
Sightspeed has video and voice
conferencing. Skype has voice conferencing.
• (7) Language translation. On-the-fly
translation hasn’t been perfected yet, but
there is an experimental project that comes
close. The ULRTMT (Universal Language
Real-Time Message Translator) is only for
translating text mode chats in Skype. It’s
supposedly a bit colloquial in the translation,
but it might work for you, for both Roman-
letter languages, CJKV (Chinese, Japanese,
Korean, Vietnamese), amongst others.
• (8) Upfront payment. If you are using Jyve
or Ether, you can specify payment upfront,
via Paypal. Is this convenient or what?
(Hopefully someone will come up with
something similar for Sightspeed so that you
can use their video-conferencing mode.)
Voip can be used in :-
1/Computer to Computer
This mode is the most common, as it is so easy
and free. You need to have a computer
connected to the Internet, with the necessary
hardware to speak and listen (either a headset
or speakers and a microphone). You can install
voice communication software like Skype and
you are ready to talk.
Obviously, this mode will work only if you have a
correspondent who is using a computer
equipped like yours to communicate. She should
be connected at the same time. It’s like chatting,
but with voice.
2/Phone to Phone

This mode is very handy, but is not as simple

and cheap to set up as the other two. It implies
using a phone set on each end to communicate.
Thus you can use VoIP and take advantages of
its low cost by using a phone set and speak to
another person using a phone set as well. There
are two ways in which you can use phones to
make VoIP calls:
3/Phone to Computer and vice-versa
Now that you understand how you can use your
computer, normal phones and IP phones to
make VoIP calls, it is easy to figure out that you
can call a person using a PSTN phone from your
computer. You can also use your PSTN phone
to call someone on his computer.

Video conferencing: Need of Time

Globalization is happening fast and
communication technologies are helping
eradicate geographical boundaries. Video is
gaining importance due to cross-cultural
engagement between employees and
organizations. As per Frost&Sullivan survey, the
videoconferencing market in 2005-06 touched
Rs 65.6 crore and is likely to grow at a CAGR of
24.9% till 2011. As convergence brings voice,
data, and video onto the same network, new
technologies are rewriting the rules of
collaboration. In the past, videoconferences in
particular have been difficult to set up,
challenging to use, and frequently unsatisfying in
their ability to replicate in-person meetings and
the benefits of face-to-face interaction. To
improve this situation, companies are working
on new technology that delivers a unique, in-
person experience over the converged network.
"Conferencing solutions are becoming more and
more integral part of the corporate strategy of
the enterprises at all levels, be it tele-presence
solutions or the basic desktop conferencing,"
says Lars Ronning, president, ANZ, NSEZ and
India, Tandberg.
With the onset of 3G videoconferencing as well
as increasing popularity of software-based
solutions and interest in enhanced collaborative
tools, the markets are providing vast
opportunities for growth as videoconferencing is
increasingly offered as part of the product mix by
various solution providers

Growing in India
The growth of the overall Asia Pacific
videoconferencing endpoints markets are
expected to be led by the corporate sector,
where converged voice, data, and video
solutions are likely to have their strongest
appeal, primarily as productivity tools for
knowledge workers. The videoconferencing
market in India offers great potential for growth
too. There is a growth explosion expected (30%
for the next two years) in the medium-term,
beyond which growth rates will stabilize at 22%.
Growth is witnessed not only in the large
enterprise segment; but even small and medium
businesses are adopting videoconferencing
solutions, recognizing the vast benefits they
offer. Notable developments in recent months
include prominent mergers and continued
progress in migration from Integrated Services
Digital Network (ISDN) to Internet Protocol (IP)
Network. In the coming years, factors like cost of
ownership, maintenance of infrastructure, and
general perception that people had about
conferencing as a luxury and a hassle is slowly
dying. "With the introduction of the concept of
high definition, videoconferencing is likely to
gain momentum and we really see this growing
at rapid pace." Minhaj Zia, business
development manager, Unified Communication,
India and SAARC, Cisco.
There is an increased use of videoconferencing
systems for interviewing candidates, interaction
with relatives settled abroad, reviews and
meetings, product launches, press conferences
and auditioning actors. Videoconferencing
promises applications also in healthcare,
education, and government segments, as prices
for hardware and bandwidth reduces and
awareness about the technology spreads in the
market.
Gone are the days of extended travel, waiting in
long airport security lines, travel delays, inflated
travel budgets and lost productivity. As
organizations become more diverse in business
applications, acquisitions and mergers become
more common and multi-national work forces
become the standard, decision makers are
looking for ways to make communicating among
their knowledge workers easy.
Collaborative technologies will enable business
partners to easily switch back and forth from
web, video and audio conferencing to see and
hear each other and to share documents and
information in real time. Today's enterprises are
also looking forward to leading edge technology,
flexible conferences, flexible deployment,
common management suites, highly scalable
solutions, secure VoIP conferencing, embedded
multipoint options and videoconferencing
solutions.
Today, networks are becoming increasingly
scalable and enterprises are realizing the
benefits of having all the applications on the
network. The real impact of videoconferencing
technology can only be realized when the user's
experience is close to natural face-to-face
meeting, and telepresence in this respect has
already started revolutionizing room based
videoconferencing services.
India will be one of the biggest markets
worldwide for videoconferencing solutions. The
enterprise user is getting financially stronger and
as now they care competing globally, they need
to be more productive and lower the costs of
videoconferencing solutions.

Video conferencing Spreads

Videoconferencing as a technology has now

started moving out of conference rooms. The
industry is now gradually moving from group
systems to desktop videoconferencing systems.
Apart from large enterprises, small and medium
enterprises are also adapting videoconferencing
solutions. Enterprises today are looking forward
to leading edge technology, flexible
conferences, flexible deployment, common
management suites, highly scalable solutions,
secure VoIP conferencing, embedded multipoint
options and more in videoconferencing
solutions. Videoconferencing, therefore, spells
power of integration, bringing some inherent
advantages within your reach. With 3G coming
in, another evolutionary step is from desktop to
mobiles being able to communicate wherever
you are. Home Office solutions are also picking
up significantly. We are offering 4-5 solutions for
Home Offices and this is being mainly driven by
increased emphasis on work life balance and to
get information on the go. According to K
Shivashankar, country manager, LifeSize India,
"Conferencing is absolutely moving out of the
business world and into the home. The optimal
form factor is still to be determined as cost and
ease-of-use will be critical components, but the
idea of having high definition videoconferencing
as an essential day-to-day communications
element for the consumer is only a matter of
time."
Business conferences and decision-making
options depend critically upon the availability of
information at the right time. In order to save
time, business meetings are increasingly being
conducted over telecommunication networks
with the help of videoconferencing.
Conferencing solutions provider offers a richer
and more intimate communication environment,
which makes interaction of any sorts convenient,
effective and easy.

Opportunities & challenges:

Drivers
 Availability of bandwidth and their declining
costs
 Today various application available on which
enhance the use of hardware and bandwidth
 Development in middleware which is able to
help various technology to speak to each
other
 Dispersed teams, which are using different
technology to communicate, and their need
to communicate to each other has acted as
a catalyst in the growth of videoconferencing
 Lot of technology brands which were
working on any one domain of over all
technology solution have seen the necessity
of moving into this space to grow and
enhance value to their customers.
Challenges
 Creating a modern and efficient
telecommunications infrastructure taking
into account the convergence of IT, media
and telecom and consumer electronics
 Technical knowledge: separated
communications and conferencing
technologies reside on different networks
and, different platforms, requiring different
management interfaces for support
 Communications and collaboration
technologies have become proprietary
platforms that do not integrate with the
existing network infrastructure
 Challenges faced by IT managers in
building and managing the IP
infrastructure to guarantee performance
 Managing the converged infrastructure, so
that real-time applications such as voice and
video have priority over less time-sensitive
application such as Web surfing and email.

Current Market scenario:

The total market size for video conferencing in
India is estimated at Rs. 190 crore for FY 09-10,
registering a growth of 25 percent over the
previous year. Endpoints constitute 80 percent
of the market with the remaining 20 percent
contributed by infrastructure.
Polycom emerged as the clear leader with more
than 50 percent market share. The second slot
was occupied by Tandberg that was placed in
the tier two. Cisco, Aethra, Lifesize, and
Radvision occupied the third tier. Sony, Actis,
Intellisys, Altera, Microsoft, among others made
up the last tier. (This classification is based on
ADI Media research.)
Cisco Systems has agreed to buy Norway-
based Tandberg ASA for about USD 3 billion
(Rs. 14,400 crore), expanding its push into
collaboration technologies that help people work
together from different locations. Acquiring
Tandberg will not only help Cisco expand its
offerings for telepresence but for collaboration
technologies generally. Together, they are the
second largest player capable of giving
significant competition to the leading player,
Polycom.
Among the resellers, the major players are
Avaya Global Connect, Siemens, Wipro,
Business Octane (earlier known as Total
Presentation Devices), HCL Infosystems,
Godrej, and Plus Business Machines.
Tandberg Has 40% Market Share

The embracing of videoconferencing by TNT is

part of a larger trend. The worldwide
videoconferencing systems and services market,
which reached $1.63 billion in 2007, is expected
to grow to $4.2 billion by 2012, according to
technology consultancy Frost & Sullivan, as
more companies try to become greener and cut
costs.
Few companies are benefiting as much as
Norwegian videoconferencing equipment maker
Tandberg (TAA.DE), which counts TNT as one
of its customers. The company, which has dual
headquarters in Oslo and New York, leads the
industry in revenue with 40% of the global
videoconferencing market, says Frost &
Sullivan. The U.S.'s Polycom (PLCM) is market
leader in number of units shipped. Together,
Tandberg and Polycom control about 70% of the
market for videoconferencing devices and
infrastructure, selling against and sometimes
cooperating with Hewlett-Packard (HPQ) and
Cisco (CSCO), both of which make high-end
videoconferencing systems.
"There has been a big takeoff in growth," says
Fredrik Halvorsen, chief executive of Tandberg,
which had revenues of $630.5 million in 2007,
up 50.2% over 2006. "Videoconferencing has
become an integral part of corporations'
communication strategy over the last 18 to 24
months."

Major Trends
There is strong evidence that stand-alone
videoconferencing solutions will be impacted by
the changing usage dynamics and the
availability of superior technology in the market.
As convergence brings voice, data, and video
onto the same network, new technologies are
rewriting the rules of collaboration. The future is
the sum of several independent innovations
coming together. One network brings all types of
information (voice/data/video) into the home,
office, and industry. Today, networks are
becoming increasingly scalable and enterprises
are realizing the benefits of having all the
applications on the network. The introduction of
high definition technology is one of the trends
witnessing fast response in the market.

Telepresence
The market is moving from vanilla video
conferencing services to high end video
collaboration solutions such as telepresence
since it creates a live, face-to-face meeting
experience. Among enterprise, there is
continued adoption of telepresence solutions to
facilitate communication between their
knowledge workers and increase collaboration
with their customers across the globe. However,
telepresence is an expensive technology and as
yet has seen adoption only by large enterprise.
These are offices in multiple locations,
nationwide, or around the globe, and who find it
easier to justify the RoI of the Telepresence
solutions.
Taken in its broadest sense, Telepresence is the
next generation of Videoconferencing
technology. It is capable of creating the
impression of life-like interactions in real time.
The participants may be in different corners of
the world but the effect is that of a meeting
taking place in one room. The difference
between the vanilla video conferencing services
and telepresence is in terms of the actual
experience. Telepresence requires a complete
high-definition architecture that combines HD
voice, video, and content sharing capabilities
with other elements of HD infrastructure.
Attention is paid to the room setup, including the
acoustics and the lighting. The jitter (variation in
delay) is brought down to zero.
Traditional video conferencing was done in a
conference room equipped with a television-set
type unit, where employees had to use remote
control keypads to set up meetings. Even the
desktop applications had its own limitations in
offering quality of interaction. However, while the
difference in experience between a telepresence
solution and traditional video conferencing can
be dramatically different, the underlying
technologies and concepts are the same - so
that users are able to easily connect, regardless
of the device they are using.
With this in mind, solution providers such as
Tata Communications and Tata Teleservices
Maharashtra Limited have begun to offer TP
services on a pay-per-use basis. With the arrival
of public Telepresence rooms by Indian Hotels,
Marriott International & Starwood Hotels,
customers now have the flexibility to pay on an
hourly basis for these services.
Future Outlook
In India, the adoption of HD videoconferencing is
across the board. Traditionally education and
health verticals are ones that have the potential
to be large drivers of adoption of VC. But quality
is a requirement that every business has. With
HD video conferencing technology becoming
increasingly affordable, its adoption across
industry verticals is visible. Currently, though the
primary sector continued to grow at a steady
rate, there was sudden spurt seen in the
adoption of video conferencing especially in the
government sector.
With the availability of broadband on the
increase, and the growing awareness about the
benefits of video conferencing technology the
video conferencing market is estimated to grow
to a greater extent in the year ahead. However,
certain challenges need to be overcome to
facilitate this growth. Bandwidth issues lead to
critical performance gaps. Wireline networks, a
key requirement for higher bandwidth, are not
available in remote areas. This deprives them of
the opportunity of using video conferencing for
education and business, among other things.
Customers also look for open standards and
equipment compatibility for seamless
integration. Lack of ease-of-use and high
maintenance of the equipment is also an area of
concern. Need for customized and scalable
solutions are also being expressed unanimously
along with the need to justify RoI. Customers
look for the right mix of normal VC,
telepresence, and web conferencing solutions to
meet their communication needs and this
demand is one potential driver for further growth.
Opportunities and Challenges Opportunities and Challenges