FORMATION OF CORPORATIONS

1. Organizing the Corporation

a. Promoters (Section 2 [r] of the Revised Securities Act [BP 178])

(Sections 60 and 61 of the Corporation Code)

Cagayan Fishing Development vs. Sandiko (65 PHIL 223 [1937])

Rizal Light & Ice Co. vs. Municipality, 25 SCRA 285 (1968)

Caram, Jr. vs. CA, 151 SCRA 372 (1987)

b. Subscription Contracts

(Sections 60 and 72 of the Corporation Code)

Trillana vs. Quezon College, 93 PHIL 383

1. Purchase Agreement

Bayla vs. Silang Traffic, Co., 73 PHIL 557 (1942)

2. Pre-Incorporation Subscription

(Sec. 61 of the Corporation Code)

- Offer Theory

- Contract Theory

3. Release from subscription obligation

Velasco vs. Poizat, 37 PHIL 802

PNB vs. Bitulok Sawmill, Inc., 23 SCRA 1366

2. Formalities in Organizing

a. Generally

Government of the PI vs. Manila Railroad, 103 PHIL 757 (1929)

Rural Bank of Salinas vs. CA, 210 SCRA 510 (1992)

b. Articles of Incorporation

1. Procedure and Documentary Requirements

- As to contents and form (Section 14 and 15)

- As to corporate name (Section 18)

Red Line Transit vs. Rural Transit, 60 PHIL 549 (1934)

Philippine Insurance vs. Hartigan, 34 SCRA 252 (1970)

Universal Mills vs. Universal Textile, 78 SCRA 62 (1977)

Ang mga Kaanib sa Iglesia ng Dios kay Kristo Hesus vs. Iglesia ng Dios
kay Cristo Hesus, GR No. 137592, December 12, 2001

2. As to purpose (Section 14 [2])

Uy Siuliong vs. Director, 40 PHIL 514 (1919)

3. As to principal office (Section 14 [3])

Clavecilla vs. Antillon, 19 SCRA 379 (1967)

4. As to Corporate Term (Section 11)

Alhambra Cigar & Cigarette vs. SEC, 25 SCRA 269 (1968)

Benguet Consolidated vs. Pineda, 98 PHIL 711 (1956)

5. As to number and residency of Incorporators (Section 10)

6. As to minimum capitalization (Section 12)

7. As to subscription and paid-up requirements (Section 13)

8. Grounds for Disapproval (Section 17)

Asuncion vs. De Yriate, 28 PHIL 67 (1914)

9. Commencement of Corporate Existence (Section 19)

c. By-Laws

Loyola Grand Villas vs. CA, GR No. 117188 [07 August 1997]

PMI Colleges vs. NLRC, GR No. 121466 [15 August 1997]

Pena vs. CA, 193 SCRA 7117 (1991)

a. Adoption Procedure (Section 46)

b. Contents (Section 47)

c. Amendments (Section 48)

C. RECOGNITION AND DISREGARD OF CORPORATENESS

1. Separate Juridical Personality

Santos vs. NLRC, GR No. 101699 [13 March 1996]

Stockholders of F. Guanzon vs. Register, 6 SCRA 373 (1962)

Manila Gas vs. CIR, 62 PHIL 895 (1936)

Magsaysay-Labrador vs. CA, 180 SCRA 266 (1989)

Good Earth vs. CA, 194 SCRA 544 (1991)

2. Defective Incorporation

1. De jure

2. De facto (Section 20 of the Corporation Code)

i. Rationale for the doctrine

Tayko vs. Capistrano, 53 PHIL 866 (1928)

ii. Requisites

Fernandez vs. Cuerva, 21 SCRA 1095 (1967)

Hall vs. Piccio, 86 PHIL 603 (1950)

Benguet Consolidated vs. Pineda, 98 PHIL 711 (1956)

3. Corporation by estoppel (Sec 21 of the Corporation Code)

i. Rationale for the doctrine

Asia Banking vs. Standard Products, 46 PHIL 144 (1924)

Vda. De Salvatierra vs. Garlitos, 103 PHIL 757 (1958)

Albert vs. University Publishing, 13 SCRA 84 (1965)

Lim vs. Philippine Fishing Gear (G.R. No. 136448 [1999])

3. Piercing the veil of corporate fiction

Umali vs. CA, 189 SCRA 529 (1990)

Koppel (Phil) vs. Yatco, 77 PHIL 496 (1946)

Tantongco vs. Kaisahan, 106 PHIL 199 (1959)

Robledo vs. NLRC, 238 SCRA 52 [1994]

a. Fraud cases

Gregorio Araneta, Inc. vs. Tuazon, 91 PHIL 786 (1952)

Palacio vs. Fely Transportation Co., 5 SCRA 1011 (1962)

Panay, Inc. vs. Clave, 124 SCRA 636 (1983)

Pabalan vs. NLRC, 184 SCRA 495 (1990)

Del Rosario vs. NLRC, 187 SCRA 777 (1990)

Villia Rey Transit vs. Ferrer, 25 SCRA 845 (1968)

b. Alter ego cases

Arnold vs. Willets and Paterson, Ltd., 44 PHIL 634 (1923)

La Campana Coffee vs. Kaisahan, 93 PHIL 160 (1953)

Yutivo Sons Hardware vs. CTA, 1 SCRA 160 (1961)

Liddell & Co. vs. Collector, 2 SCRA 632 (1961)

Ramirez Telephone vs. Bank of America, 29 SCRA 191

Guatson International vs. NLRC (GR No. 100322 [1994])

Concept Builders, Inc. vs. NLRC (GR No. 108734 [1996])

c. Equity cases

TESCO vs. WCC, 104 SCRA 354 (1981)

AD Santos vs. Vasquez, 22 SCRA 1158 (1968)

4. Due Process

McConnel vs. CA, 1 SCRA 723 91961)

Emilio Cano Enterprises vs. CIR, 13 SCRA 291 (1965)

NAMARCO vs. Associated Finance Co. Inc., 19 SCRA 962

Jacinto vs. CA, 198 SCRA 211 (1992)

Arcilla vs. CA, 215 SCRA 120 (1986)

AC Ransom Labor Union vs. NLRC, 142 SCRA 269

Lim vs. NLRC, 171 SCRA 328 (1989)

De Guzman vs. NLRC, 211 SCRA 723 (1992)

5. Anti-Trust Issues

Garcia vs. Executive Secretary (G.R. No. 132451 [1999])

Standard Oil Co. vs. US, 221 U.S. 1 (1910)