Specimen list that medical student must master

1. Locomotor system

Frontal bone, Parietal bone, Temporal bone, Occipital bone, Sphenoid

bone, Ethmoid bone, Mandibular bone, Pituitary fossa, Foramen

rotundum, Foramen ovale, Foramen spinosum, Carotid foramen, Jugular

foramen, Foramen magnum, Hypoglossal canal, Nasal concha, Maxilla

bone, Maxilla sinus, Nasal bone, palatine bone, Zygomatic bone, Lacrimal

① Skull bone, Vomer, Hyoid bone.

Cervical vertebra, Atlas, Axis, Thoracic vertebra, Lumbar vertebra,

Sacrum. Scapula, clavicle, Sternum (manubrium, sternal angle, xiphoid

process), Ribs, Humerus (head, great tubercle, neck, lesser tubercle,

coronoid fossa, trochlea, olecranon fossa), Ulna (olecranon process,

styloid process), Radius (head, neck, styloid process) Hip bone (ilium,

② Bones of the ischium, pubis, acetabulum, obturator foramen), Femur (head, neck, great

trunk and limbs trochlear, lesser trochlear, medial and lateral condyle), Tibia, Fibula.

Ligamentum nuchae, Anterior longitudinal ligament, Posterior

longitudinal ligament, Ligamenta flavum, Supraspinal ligament,

③ Ligaments of Intervertebral disk, Sacrospinous ligament, Sacrotuberous ligament,

the trunk and Round ligament of femur，Patellar ligament, Cruciate ligaments, Tibial

limbs collateral ligament, Fibular collateral ligament.

 Masseter muscle，Temporal muscle，Medial and lateral pterygoid

muscles, Sternocleidomastoid muscle，trapezius muscle, Digastric

muscle, Sternohyoid muscle, Omohyoid muscle, Pectoralis major

muscle，Serratus anterior muscles, Teres major muscles, Teres minor

muscles, Latissimus dorsi muscle， Biceps brachii

muscle，Coracobrachialis muscle, Brachialis muscle, Deltoid

muscle，Triceps brachii muscle，Iliopsoas muscle, Gluteus maximus,

Piriformis muscle, Sartorius muscle, Quadriceps femoris muscle，Glacilis

muscle, Adductor magnus muscle, Biceps femoris muscle，

Semitendinosus muscle, Semimembranosus muscle, Tibialis anterior

④ Muscles muscle, peroneus longus muscle, Gastrocnemius muscle.

2. Splanchnology

Palate, teeth, tongue, palatine tonsil, Uvula, Piriform recess,

Esophagus, Stomach，Duodenum，Jejunum, ilium, Ileocecal
valve, Cecum, Vermiform appendix, Ascending colon,
Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Colic
bands, Epiploic appendices, Haustra, Rectum，Anal columns,

① Digestive Anal valves, Dentate line, White line. Parotid gland,

system Submandibular gland, Sublingual gland， Left lobe of liver,

Right lobe of liver，Common hepatic duct，Gallbladder，
Cystic duct，Common bile duct， Pancreas, Pancreatic duct，
Major duodenal papilla.

Nasal vestibule, Middle nasal conchae, Inferior nasal conchae,

② Respiratory Tubal torus, Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube, Pharyngeal

system recess， Epiglottis，Maxillary sinuses, Frontal sinuses,

Ethmoid sinuses, Sphenoidal sinuses, Thyroid cartilage , Cricoid
cartilage , Thyrohyoid membrane, Cricothyroid ligament, Vocal
 fold, Vestibular fold, Larygneal ventricle, Trachea，Left main
bronchus，Right main bronchus， Right lung (superior lobe,
Middle lobe and inferior lobe), Left lung(superior lobe, inferior
lobe)

Renal columns，Renal pyramid，Renal papillae，Renal

③ Urinary calices, Renal pelvis，Ureter，Urinary bladder，Internal

system urethral orifice, Ureter opening, Trigone of urinary bladder

Scrotum, Testis， Epididymis，Ductus deferens，Ampulla of

④ Reproductiv vas deference, Urethra，Penis, Corpus spongiosum, Corpus

e system cavernosum, Seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral

glands. Ovary， ligament of ovary Uterine tube， Uterus，
Round ligament of uterus ，Broad ligament, Uterosacral
ligament.

3. Endocrine system

Hypophysis，Pineal body，Thyroid gland，Thymus，Suprarenal gland.

4. Circulatory system

Arteries :
Right auricle (Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, opening
of coronary sinus, Fossa ovalis), Tricuspid valve，Right
ventricle ( Septomarginal trabecula，Papillary
muscle，Chordae tendinae, Interventricular
septum，Trabeculae carneae), Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary
valve, left auricle, Bicuspid valve, Left ventricle, Aorta, aorta
 valve, aorta arch, Left coronary artery, Right coronary
artery，Coronary sinus，Great cardiac vein，Middle cardiac
vein, Small cardiac vein. Brachiocephalic trunk, Left common
carotid artery, left subclavian artery, External carotid artery,
Internal carotid artery, Superior thyroid artery, Lingual artery,
Facial artery，Maxillary artery，Superficial temporal
① Circulatory
artery，Thoracic aorta, posterior intercostal artery,
system
Abdominal aorta, Celiac trunk (left gastric artery, Common
hepatic artery，Spleen artery), Superior mesenteric
artery，Inferior mesenteric artery, Appendicular artery,
Testicular artery, Renal artery, Common iliac artery, Internal
iliac artery, External iliac artery, Femoral artery，Deep
femoral artery，Popliteal artery, Anterior/Posterior tibial
artery； Axillary artery, Brachial artery，Ulnar
artery，Radial artery，Superficial palmar arch, Deep palmar
arch.
Veins:

Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, Median cubital vein, Great

saphenous vein，Lesser saphenous vein，Hepatic portal vein,
Splenic vein, Superior mesenteric vein, Inferior mesenteric
vein, Renal vein.

② Lymphatic Thoracic duct，Cisterna Chyli，Inguinal lymph nodes,

system Axillary lymph nodes

5. Visual and Vestibulocochlear organs

1 Visual organs Cornea, Sclera, Iris, Lens, Vitreous body, Retina, Optic disc.
Maula lute, Medial rectus muscle, Lateral rectus muscle,
 Superior rectus muscle, Inferior rectus, Superior oblique
muscle, Inferior oblique muscle, Lacrimal gland.

② Vestibulocochlear External acoustic meatus, Tympanic cavity, Mastoid sinus,

organs
Semicircular canal, Tympanic membrane, Auditory ossicles,
Cochlea.

6. Nervous system

① Peripheral Spinal nerves:

nervous system
Ventral root of spinal nerve, Dorsal root of spinal nerve,
Dorsal root ganglia, Spinal nerve, Cervical plexus (Greater
auricular nerve, Lesser occipital nerve, Transverse cutaneous
nerve, Supraclavicular nerves, Phrenic nerve), Brachial
plexus (Musculocutaneous nerve, Ulnar nerve, Median nerve,
Radial nerve, Axillary nerve), Intercostal nerve, Lumbar
plexus (Femoral nerve, Obturator nerve, Iliohypogastric
nerve, Ilipinguinal nerve) Sacral Plexus (Pudendal nerve,
Superior gluteal nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve, Sciatic nerve,
Tibial nerve, Common peroneal nerve).

Cranial nerves:

Optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, Trochlea nerve, Trigeminal

nerve (Ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve (Lingual nerve),
mandibular nerve (Inferior alveolar nerve), Abducens nerve,
Facial nerve (Chorda tympani, Auriculotemporal nerve),

Glossopharnygeal nerve, Vagus nerve, Accessory nerve,

 Hypoglossal nerve.

Autonomic system:

Sympathetic trunk, Celiac ganglion

② Central nervous Cervical enlargement, Lumbar enlargement, Conus

system medullaris, Cauda equine, Pyramid, Pyramidal decussation,
Basilar part of pons, Oliver, Cerebral crus, Superior
colliculus, Inferior colliculus, Rhomboid fossa, Cerebellar
tonsil Vermis, cerebellum peducles (superior, middle,
inferior), Cerebellar hemisphere, Lentiform nucleus,
Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Caudate nucleus, Dorsal thalamus,
Internal capsule, Precentral gyrus, Postcentral gyrus, Central
sulcus, Lateral cerebral fissure, Cerebral falx, Cerebellar
Tentorium, Superior sagittal sinus, Straight sinus, Transverse
sinus, Vertebral artery, Basilar artery, Anterior cerebral artery,
anterior communicating artery, Middle cerebral artery,
Posterior cerebral artery, Posterior communicating artery.