BASIC CONCEPTS OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Object Oriented Program (OOP)

OOP allows decomposition of the problem into a number of entities called
objects and then built data and function around these objects.

Basic Concepts of OOP

 Objects
 Classes
 Data abstraction
 Data encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism
 Dynamic binding
 Message Communication

Objects

Objects are the basic runtime entities in an object oriented system. They
may represent a person, a place, a bank account, a table of data. They may also
represent user defined data such as vectors, time and lists.

Classes

A class is a collection of similar objects.

Example : Mango, Apple and Orange are Objects of the class fruits.

A class represents a set of related objects. The object has some attributes, whose
value consist much of the state of an object. The data and the operation of a class
can be declared as three type

 Public
 Protected
 Private
Data Abstraction

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without

including the background details or explanations. Abstraction is indispensable
part of the design process and is essential for problem partitioning.

Data Encapsulation

The wrapping up of a data and function into single unit is called as

Encapsulation. Data Encapsulation is the most striking feature of a class.

Inheritance

Inheritance provide the concept of reusability. It means additional features

can be added to the existing class with out modifying it this makes way to derived
new class from the existing classes

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form. An operation
may exhibit different behavior in different instances. Polymorphism implemental
into two ways.

 Operator Overloading
 Function Overloading

Dynamic Binding

Dynamic Binding means that be code is associated with a given procedure

call is not known until the time of call at run-time. This is associated with
polymorphism and inheritance.

Message Communication

Message passing is another feature of object oriented programming. An

object oriented program consists of a set of objects that communicate with each
other.
Benefits of OOP

OOP refers several benefits to both the developer and user same of them
are

(i) Using inheritance re-wanted code can be eliminated

(ii) Programs can be develop from the standard working models rather than
starting from improves productivity.
(iii) It is easy to partition the work is object based on object
(iv) Object oriented systems can be easily upgraded from small to large
system.