NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA – 769 008

METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

B.Tech., End-Semester(Autumn) Examination, 2015

SUBJECT: Steel Making (MM-305)
FULL MARKS: 50 Time: 3 Hours
.
Figures at the right hand margin indicate marks.
All parts of a question should be answered at one place.
Q.No Marks
Q.1 a) Justify or correct the following statements with proper explanation: (6×2)
i) Ferrophilic inclusions can break off more easily from molten steel than
Ferrophobic.
ii) Desulphurization is better at the steel stage rather than at the hot metal
stage
iii) Steel makers prefer DRI containing high carbon during electric steelmaking.
iv) Rimmed steel can be continuously cast.
v) JFN determines the depth of penetration of a jet in a metal bath and the jet
impact area.
vi) All modem EAF shops adopt foamy slag practice.
Q.1. b) LD converter is charged with 10,000 kg of hot metal containing 3.5%C, 1.25% (5)
Si, 0.75% Mn rest Fe. The impurities are oxidized and removed from hot metal
by lancing pure oxygen into the converter.40%C oxidize to CO2 and 60% C to
form CO . Find out:
i) Total amount of oxygen gas required (Nm3).
ii) The weight of slag produced.

Assumptions:
1%Fe (with respect to H.M.) is lost; Steel contains 100%Fe; oxygen used is
pure form
Answer any three questions from the following
(2+4+2+3)
i) Discuss the merits of using magnesia-carbon refractory lining on a LD
Q.2.
converter.
ii) Why is it necessary to ensure slag free tapping from the LD vessel? How do
you actually ensure it?
iii) How is tuyere burning prevented in an OBM converter?
iv) Compare with appropriate justification the scrap melting capabilities of LD
and Q-BOP process
Q.3 i) With the help of a schematic diagram, explain the different parts of an EAF. (4+2+2+3)
ii) What are the advantages of oxygen lancing during electric furnace
steelmaking?
iii) Why Sorting out of scrap and choosing the proper scrap grade are
important for EAF steelmaking?
iv) Enumerate the different remedial measures which can be helpful in
minimizing the concentration of hydrogen and nitrogen in steel.
Q.4 a)Briefly explain the physicochemical principles of manufacturing the following (4+2+3+2)
type of steels:
i) Rail Steels and ii) Stainless steel.
b) Mention the superiority of laval shaped nozzle over cylindrical nozzle of
lance.
c) Make critical comparison between the following:
i) Deoxidation in the bulk and diffusion deoxidation
ii) LBE and LD-OB process
d) Discuss the criteria to select a deoxidizer.

Q.5 a) With the help of a schematic diagram enumerate the salient features of RH (4+2+3+2)
degasser. What additional advantage does the RH-OB process offer?
b) Draw a simplified sketch of continuous casting.
c) Critically compare between continuous casting with ingot casting on the
basis of i) linear rate of solidification, ii) morphology of inclusions and iii) heat
flow.
d) What are the objectives of secondary refining of liquid steel?