Lab Work 1 EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY

Table 1. Variations in Fruits

SPECIFIC
SCIENTIFIC DEHISCENT/ TYPE OF EDIBLE
DRY/FLESHY TYPE OF
NAME INDEHISCENT PLACENTATION PART
FRUITS
Vigna
sesquipedalis
Dehiscent Dry Legume Marginal Whole fruit
(Yard long
bean)
Psidium
guajava ------- Fleshy Berry Axile Whole fruit
(Guava)
Fragaria
vesca ------- Fleshy Berry Basal Whole fruit
( Strawberry )
Cucumis All parts
sativus ------- Fleshy Pepo Parietal except the
(Cucumber) exocarp
Citrus All parts
microcarpa ------- Fleshy Hesperidium Superficial except the
(Kalamansi) exocarp
Mangifera
indica ------- Fleshy Drupe Basal Mesocarp
(Mango)
Pyrus malus All parts
------- Fleshy Berry Axile
(Apple) except seeds
Ricinus
communis Dehiscent Dry Capsule Basal None
(Castor bean)
Tithonia
diversifolia
Indehiscent Dry Achene Basal Seeds
( Mexican
sunflower)
Oryza sativa
Indehiscent Dry Grain Basal Seeds
(Rice)
Cocos
nucifera ------- Fleshy Drupe Basal Endocarp
(Coconut)
Dolichos
lablab
Dehiscent Dry Legume Marginal All parts
( Hyacinth
bean)
Anona Mesocarp
squamosa ------- Fleshy Aggregate Basal and
(Atis) endocarp
Ananas All parts
comosus ------- Fleshy Multiple Axile except
(Pineapple) exocarp
Cucurbita
moschata ------- Fleshy Pepo Parietal Mesocarp
(Squash)
Citrus
------- Fleshy Hesperidium Axile Endocarp
grandis
 (Pomelo)
Spondias All parts
purpurea ------- Fleshy Berry Basal except the
(Sinigwelas) seed
Hibiscus
esculentus Dehiscent Dry Capsule Axile Whole fruit
(Okra )
Bixa orellana
Dehiscent Dry Multiple Free-basal Seeds
( Achiote)
Cosmos Dehiscent Dry Achene Basal None
Zea
Indehiscent Dry Caryopsis Basal Kernels
mays(Corn)
Lycopersicon
escullentum ------- Fleshy Berry Axile Whole fruit
(Tomato)
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. In some of the fruits, the fruits are persistent even up to maturity. Identify these parts.
Consider Psidium guajava and Oryza sativa. What are the structures attached at the upper part
of the two fruits?
The parts that are persistent even up to maturity are the pericarp which can become hard or
fleshy and may completely or incompletely contain distinguishable or fused exocarp , mesocarp or
endocarp and a mature fruit also contains a persistent seed. In guava fruit, it contains a crown –like
structure which is considered as the remains of the persistent sepals (calyx lobe) . For the Oryza
sativa, there is a visible spikelet. (Fruits, n.d.).
2. Is there an advantage of dry fruits over fleshy fruits? Give reasons.
According to Fruits (n.d.), a fleshy fruit has a soft and pulpy pericarp at maturity and its
endocarp hardens during this period whereas a dry fruit contains a hard and dry pericarp. Fleshy fruits
are mostly adapted to animal dispersal which makes a dry fruit more advantageous since it has more
ways of dispersal such as expulsion, wind and some gets attached to fur or feather of animals.

3. Are there differences in morphology between monocot and dicot fruits? Tabulate these
differences (if any).

Monocots Dicots
Possesses variety when it comes to
Generally, have large, fleshy seeds. size and shape of fruits / seedpods
/seeds

Fruits or seedpods are generally They have greater number of seeds per
comprised of three parts. seedpod as compared to monocots.

Monocot vs. Dicot. (n.d.)

4. Are there differences in monocot and dicot seeds? Tabulate the differences (if any).

Monocots
Monocots generally have large, fleshy
seeds. Fruits or seedpods are generally
comprised of three parts.
Monocots have only one seed leaf inside
the seed coat in the form of a thin leaf,
because the endosperm to feed the new
plant is not inside the seed leaf.
Dicots
Dicots posses’ variety when it comes
to size and shape of fruits , seedpods
or seeds. Generally they have greater
number of seeds per seedpod as
compared to monocots.
Dicots have two seed leaves inside the
seed coat which are usually rounded
and fat, because they contain the
endosperm to feed the embryo plant.

Monocot vs. Dicot. (n.d.)

REFERENCES
Fruits. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2019, from http://www.britannica.com/science/fruit-plant
reproductive-body
Monocot vs. Dicot. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2019, from http://theseedsite.co.uk/monocots2.html