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Writing a Project Report: A Guide for Diploma Students Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)

Article · December 2014

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Azli Nawawi
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Writing a Project Report
A Guide for Diploma Students
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
(UTHM)

By
Azli Nawawi
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering, UTHM
 Why do you write a report?
• Explain: In simple words
• Proof of your work
• Project completion
• Guide for future works
Questions

What you did?

Why did it?

How you did it?

What you got?

What that means?

Questions Chapter covered in
report
What you did? INTRO

Why did it?

How you did it?

What you got?

What that means?

Questions Chapter covered in
report
What you did? INTRO

Why did it? INTRO & LITERATURE

REVIEW
How you did it?

What you got?

What that means?

Questions Chapter covered in
report
What you did? INTRO

Why did it? INTRO & LITERATURE

REVIEW
How you did it? METHODOLOGY

What you got?

What that means?

Questions Chapter covered in
report
What you did? INTRO

Why did it? INTRO & LITERATURE

REVIEW
How you did it? METHODOLOGY

What you got? RESULT AND

DISCUSSION
What that means?
Questions Chapter covered in
report
What you did? INTRO

Why did it? INTRO & LITERATURE

REVIEW
How you did it? METHODOLOGY

What you got? RESULT AND

DISCUSSION
What that means? CONCLUSION
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and Discussion
• Abstract
• Conclusion and
• Content Recommendation

• Introduction • Reference
• Appendix
• Literature Review
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and Discussion
• Abstract
• Conclusion and
• Content Recommendation

• Introduction • Reference
• Appendix
• Literature Review
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and Discussion
• Abstract
• Conclusion and
• Content Recommendation

• Introduction • Reference
• Appendix
• Literature Review
 Abstract
• Project background (1-2 sentences)
• What you did? (1-2 sentences)
• Why it is important? (1-2 sentences)
• How did you do it? (1-2 sentences)
• What you got? (1-2 sentences)
• What that means? (1 sentence)
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and Discussion
• Abstract
• Conclusion and
• Content Recommendation

• Introduction • Reference
• Appendix
• Literature Review
 Introduction
• Background of study: Brief intro
• Problem statement: What are the problems?
• Project objectives: Steps to reach goal
• Project scopes: Put some limits
• Significance of project: The benefits of the
project
 Project Objectives
• Define the goal
• What are the steps needed to reach it?
• Example: Develop a water pump
– To design a water pump
– To evaluate the feasibility of the pump using
simulation
– To fabricate the water pump
– To measure the actual performance of the pump
 Project Scopes
• Example: Water pump development
– The max pressure is XX bar
– The design is constructed in Solidworks software
– The simulation is completed using Ansys software
• Why?
– To shield you from out-of-scope questions
– Improve the success rate of the project
– Controlled environment
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and Discussion
• Abstract
• Conclusion and
• Content Recommendation

• Introduction • Reference
• Appendix
• Literature Review
 Literature Review
• 2 main sections
–1st: Knowledge, Theories, Models,
Trends etc
–2nd: Related works
• Useful to build the methodology
• Put them in a table
• End: Summary
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and Discussion
• Abstract
• Conclusion and
• Content Recommendation

• Introduction • Reference
• Appendix
• Literature Review
 Research Methodology
• Present the model from related
works
• Present your model (research design)
• Flowchart

• Explain the
important steps
in the flowchart

• End: Summary
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and
• Abstract Discussion
• Content • Conclusion and
Recommendation
• Introduction
• Reference
• Literature Review • Appendix
 Results & Discussion
• Key: Project objectives
• Present the results that fulfill the
objectives
• Discussion:
– Explain the results
– Identify trends (if any)
• End: Summary
 What to include?
• Title • Research
Methodology
• Acknowledgement
• Results and Discussion
• Abstract
• Conclusion and
• Content Recommendation
• Introduction • Reference
• Appendix
• Literature Review
Conclusion and Recommendation
• Do your project fulfills the objectives?
• Compilation of summaries from previous
chapters
• Any new things to be tried in the future?
 Recommendation for future works
 The report format

1 Abstract

2 Introduction

3 Literature Review

4 Research Methodology

5 Results and Discussion

6 Conclusion and
Recommendation
 The report format The actual flow

1 Abstract Literature Review

2 Introduction

3 Literature Review

4 Research Methodology

5 Results and Discussion

6 Conclusion and
Recommendation
 The report format The actual flow

1 Abstract Literature Review

2 Introduction Research Methodology

3 Literature Review

4 Research Methodology

5 Results and Discussion

6 Conclusion and
Recommendation
 The report format The actual flow

1 Abstract Literature Review

2 Introduction Research Methodology

3 Literature Review Results and Discussion

4 Research Methodology

5 Results and Discussion

6 Conclusion and
Recommendation
 The report format The actual flow

1 Abstract Literature Review

2 Introduction Research Methodology

3 Literature Review Results and Discussion

4 Research Methodology Conclusion and

Recommendation
5 Results and Discussion

6 Conclusion and
Recommendation
 The report format The actual flow

1 Abstract Literature Review

2 Introduction Research Methodology

3 Literature Review Results and Discussion

4 Research Methodology Conclusion and

Recommendation
5 Results and Discussion Introduction

6 Conclusion and
Recommendation
 The report format The actual flow

1 Abstract Literature Review

2 Introduction Research Methodology

3 Literature Review Results and Discussion

4 Research Methodology Conclusion and

Recommendation
5 Results and Discussion Introduction

6 Conclusion and Abstract

Recommendation
 Tips
• 3 levels of writing process
• Cornell method
• UTHM Thesis Writing Guide
• Cloud storage (Dropbox, Google
Drive, Box, OneDrive etc)
 Tips
• 3 levels of writing process
• Cornell method
• UTHM Thesis Writing Guide
• Cloud storage (Dropbox, Google
Drive, Box, OneDrive etc)
1st level
• Titles and
subsections
• Brainstorm 
bullet points
• Missing points?
 read more,
gather more
data
2nd level
• ‘Fattening’
process
• Add more
points
• Arrange them
into sequence
• Ready to
transform them
into sentences
3rd level
• Turn the points
into sentences
• Add more
points if needed
• Put them in
paragraphs
• Refine
 Next..
• Editing process
-check grammar, typo, sentence structure
etc

• Proofread if needed

• Submit to your supervisor

 Dos and Don'ts
Dos Don’ts

Own words Plagiarism

Formal writing style & Blurry figures & tables

simple words
Grammar Double spacing

Cite your Conversation style

claims/justifications
 Conclusion
• Put the best explanation
• Follow the format
• Be formal but simple
• No plagiarism!
• Enjoy the writing process 
• Writing is an ART
 Thank you

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