Tutorial 7 EPE 491 Synchronous Machines

1. Sketch and state the difference between synchronous generator and synchronous motor.

2. Compare the operating characteristic synchronous motor and an induction motor.

3. Sketch a phasor diagram for a synchronous generator operating at lagging, leading and unity
power factor.

4. A 750 kW, 11kV, 3-phase, wye-connected synchronous motor has a synchronous

reactance of 35 /phase and negligible resistance. Determine the excitation emf per
phase and power angle when the motor is operating on full-load at 0.8 pf leading. Its
efficiency under this condition is 95%.
Ans: Ea = 7,579.42V/phase;  = - 11.03ᵒ]

5. A three-phase, 208-V synchronous motor has a synchronous reactance of 1.0 per phase
and negligible armature resistance. The motor draws 50 kVA at 0.8 power factor leading.
Calculate;
(a) The stator current Ia
(b) The excitation voltage Ea.
[Ans; Ia =138.836.9ᵒA; Ea=231.7-2.86ᵒV]

6. A 3-phase, 100 kVA, 415 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, star connected synchronous generator has
synchronous reactance of 0.2 Ω per phase and the stator has negligible resistance. At rated
terminal voltage, determine the excitation voltage when the generator operates at;
i) Full load, 0.8 lagging power factor.
ii) Full load, 0.7 leading power factor. Comment on the excitation voltage obtained
when the power factor is leading.
[Ans: Eg = 257.34.96ᵒV; Eg = 220.65.06ᵒV]

7. A three-phase, Y-connected, synchronous motor is rated at 100 hp, 2.3 kV, 8-pole, 0.8
leading power factor and 50 Hz frequency. The efficiency of the motor operated at full-load
is 85 %. It has an armature resistance of 1.0 Ω per phase and a synchronous reactance of
20.0 Ω per phase. Determine;
i) The synchronous speed in rad/s.
ii) The current draws from the supply.
iii) The per phase counter emf.
iv) The induced torque.
[Ans: s = 78.54rad/s; Ia = 27.536.9ᵒA; Ea = 1,698.6V/phase; Tm = 1,088.6Nm]

8. A 3800 kVA, 18 kV, 50Hz, 4 poles, Y-connected 3-phase synchronous generator has an
armature winding resistance of 0.04Ω per phase, a synchronous reactance of 8Ω per phase
and operating at 0.85 lagging power factor. Sketch the equivalent circuit of the synchronous
generator then determine;
i. The synchronous speed in rev/min and rad/s
ii. The phase current, IA
iii. The generated emf, EG
iv. The maximum power supplied by the generator
v. The maximum torque
[Ans: Ns = 1500 rpm, s = 157.08 rad/s; Ia=121.9-31.8ᵒA; EG = 10,9414.33ᵒV; Pmax= 42.64 MW; Tmax
= 271.5k Nm]

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9. The full load current of a 3.3 kV, star connected synchronous motor is 160 A at 0.8 power
factor lagging. The resistance and synchronous reactance of the motor are 0.8 Ω and 5.5 Ω
respectively. With an assumption that the mechanical stray loss is 30 kW, determine the
followings:
i.) The excitation emf
ii.) The shaft output power, Pout
iii.) The efficiency
iv.) Sketch the phasor diagram of motor.
[Ans: Ea = 1420.4-26.2ᵒV; Pout = 515.2kW; Eff = 84.9%]

10. A 3-phase 120MVA, 12kV, 50Hz, 2-pole, 0.8 lagging power factor, star-connected alternator
has a stator resistance of 0.02 and synchronous reactance of 1.05.
a. Calculate the synchronous speed
b. If the alternator delivers power to an infinite bus bar at rated condition, determine the
internal generated voltage, Eg
c. The alternator is operated at rated condition with an efficiency of 90%. Determine the
power loss in the armature, the rotational loss and torque applied at the shaft by the
steam turbine prime mover
[Ans: Ns =3,000 rpm; Eg= 11,682.424.14ᵒV; PCL=2MW, Pu = 8.66MW, Tout= 305.5Nm]