Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Countries India
Administrator BCCI
Format T20
Number of teams 8
TV List of broadcasters
Website iplt20.com
Tournaments
200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019
The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India contested during
March or April and May of every year by eight teams representing eight different cities in India.[3] The
league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008, and is regarded as the
brainchild of Lalit Modi, the founder and former commissioner of the league.. IPL has an exclusive
window in ICC Future Tours Programme.[4]
The IPL is the most-attended cricket league in the world and in 2014 ranked sixth by average attendance
among all sports leagues.[5] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be
broadcast live on YouTube.[6][7] The brand value of IPL in 2018 was US$6.3 billion, according to Duff &
Phelps.[8] According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹12,543.5 billion (US$182 million) to the
GDP of the Indian economy.[9]
There have been eleven seasons of the IPL tournament. The current IPL title holders are the Chennai
Super Kings, who won the 2018 season.[10]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Background
1.2 Foundation
2 Organization
3 Teams
5 Awards
6 Financials
7 Broadcasting
7.1 International broadcasters
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History
Background
The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was founded in 2007, with funding provided by Zee Entertainment
Enterprises.[11] The ICL was not recognised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the
International Cricket Council (ICC) and the BCCI were not pleased with its committee members joining
the ICL executive board.[12] To prevent players from joining the ICL, the BCCI increased the prize money
in their own domestic tournaments and also imposed lifetime bans on players joining the ICL, which was
considered a rebel league by the board.[13][14]
Foundation
"The IPL has been designed to entice an entire new generation of sports fans into the grounds
throughout the country. The dynamic Twenty20 format has been designed to attract a young fan base,
which also includes women and children."
On 13 September 2007, the BCCI announced the launch of a franchise-based Twenty20 cricket
competition called Indian Premier League whose first season was slated to start in April 2008, in a "high-
profile ceremony" in New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, said to be the mastermind behind the
idea of IPL, spelled out the details of the tournament including its format, the prize money, franchise
revenue system and squad composition rules. It was also revealed that the IPL would be run by a seven-
man governing council composed of former India players and BCCI officials, and that the top two teams
of the IPL would qualify for that year's Champions League Twenty20. Modi also clarified that they had
been working on the idea for two years and that IPL was not started as a "knee-jerk reaction" to the
ICL.[15] The league's format was similar to that of the Premier League of England and the NBA in the
United States.[14]
In order to decide the owners for the new league, an auction was held on 24 January 2008 with the total
base prices of the franchises costing around $400 million.[14] At the end of the auction, the winning
bidders were announced, as well as the cities the teams would be based in: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi,
Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, and Mumbai.[14] In the end, the franchises were all sold for a total
of $723.59 million.[16] The Indian Cricket League soon folded in 2008.
Expansions and terminations
On 21 March 2010, it was announced that two new franchises – Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers
Kerala – would join the league before the fourth season in 2011.[17] Sahara Adventure Sports Group
bought the Pune franchise for $370 million while Rendezvous Sports World bought the Kochi franchise
for $333.3 million.[17] However, one year later, on 11 November 2011, it was announced that the Kochi
Tuskers Kerala side would be terminated following the side breaching the BCCI's terms of conditions.[18]
Then, on 14 September 2012, following the team not being able to find new owners, the BCCI
announced that the 2009 champions, the Deccan Chargers, would be terminated.[19] The next month,
on 25 October, an auction was held to see who would be the owner of the replacement franchise, with
Sun TV Network winning the bid for the Hyderabad franchise.[20] The team would be named Sunrisers
Hyderabad.[21]
Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL on 21 May 2013 over financial differences with the BCCI.[22]
The franchise was officially terminated by the BCCI, on 26 October 2013, on account of the franchise
failing to provide the necessary bank guarantee.[23]
On 14 June 2015, it was announced that two-time champions, Chennai Super Kings, and the inaugural
season champions, Rajasthan Royals, would be suspended for two seasons following their role in a
match-fixing and betting scandal.[24] Then, on 8 December 2015, following an auction, it was revealed
that Pune and Rajkot would replace Chennai and Rajasthan for two seasons.[25] The two teams were
the Rising Pune Supergiant and the Gujarat Lions.
Organization
Tournament format
Currently, with eight teams, each team plays each other twice in a home-and-away round-robin format
in the league phase. At the conclusion of the league stage, the top four teams will qualify for the
playoffs. The top two teams from the league phase will play against each other in the first Qualifying
match, with the winner going straight to the IPL final and the loser getting another chance to qualify for
the IPL final by playing the second Qualifying match. Meanwhile, the third and fourth place teams from
league phase play against each other in an eliminator match and the winner from that match will play
the loser from the first Qualifying match. The winner of the second Qualifying match will move onto the
final to play the winner of the first Qualifying match in the IPL Final match, where the winner will be
crowned the Indian Premier League champions.
Player acquisition, squad composition and salaries
A team can acquire players through any of the three ways: the annual player auction, trading players
with other teams during the trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players
sign up for the auction and also set their base price, and are bought by the franchise that bids the
highest for them. Unsold players at the auction are eligible to be signed up as replacement signings. In
the trading windows, a player can only be traded with his consent, with the franchise paying the
difference if any between the old and new contract. If the new contract is worth more than the older
one, the difference is shared between the player and the franchise selling the player. There are generally
three trading windows–two before the auction, and one after the auction but before the start of the
tournament. Players can not be traded outside the trading windows or during the tournament, whereas
replacements can be signed before or during the tournament.
Some of the team composition rules (as of 2018 season) are as follows:
The squad strength must be between 18 and 25 players, with a maximum of 8 overseas players.
Salary cap of the entire squad must not exceed ₹80 crore.[26]
Under-19 players can not be picked unless they have previously played first-class or List A cricket.
The term of a player contract is one year, with the franchise having the option to extend the contract by
one or two years. Since the 2014 season, the player contracts are denominated in the Indian rupee,
before which the contracts were in U.S. dollars. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of
the player's choice at the exchange rate on either the contract due date or the actual date of
payment.[28] Prior to the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included in the player auction
pool and could be signed up by the franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of ₹10 to 30 lakh
would get deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition
from franchise owners who complained that richer franchises were "luring players with under-the-table
deals" following which the IPL decided to include domestic players in the player auction.[29]
According to a 2015 survey by Sporting Intelligence and ESPN The Magazine, the average IPL salary
when pro-rated is US$4.33 million per year, the second highest among all sport leagues in the world.
Since the players in IPL are only contracted for the duration of the tournament (less than two months),
the weekly IPL salaries are extrapolated pro rata to obtain average annual salary, unlike other sport
leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.[30]
Match rules
IPL games utilise television timeouts and hence there is no time limit in which teams must complete
their innings. However, a penalty may be imposed if the umpires find teams misusing this privilege. Each
team is given a two-and-a-half-minute "strategic timeout" during each innings; one must be taken by
the bowling team between the ends of the 6th and 9th overs, and one by the batting team between the
ends of the 13th and 16th overs.[31]
Since the 2018 season, the Umpire Decision Review System is being used in all IPL matches, allowing
each team one chance to review an on-field umpire's decision per innings.[32]
Prize money
The 2015 season of the IPL offered a total prize money of ₹40 crore (US$5.6 million), with the winning
team netting ₹15 crore (US$2.1 million).[33] The first and second runners up received 10 and 7.5 crores,
respectively, with the fourth placed team also winning 7.5 crores. The others teams are not awarded any
prize money. The IPL rules mandate that half of the prize money must be distributed among the
players.[34]
Teams
Current teams
Delhi Capitals
Delhi Capitals
Kings XI Punjab
Kings XI Punjab
Mumbai Indians
Mumbai Indians
Rajasthan Royals
Rajasthan Royals
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Team City Home ground Debut Owner[citation needed] Current coach Current captain
Delhi Capitals Delhi, NCR Feroz Shah Kotla Ground 2008 Sajjan Jindal[citation needed],
Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao Ricky Ponting Shreyas Iyer
Holkar Stadium, Indore 2008 Preity Zinta, Ness Wadia, Mohit Burman, Karan Paul, Prithvi Raj Singh
Oberoi Mike Hesson Ravichandran Ashwin
Kolkata Knight Riders Kolkata, West Bengal Eden Gardens 2008 Shah Rukh Khan, Juhi Chawla,
Jay Mehta Jacques Kallis Dinesh Karthik
Rajasthan Royals Jaipur, Rajasthan Sawai Mansingh Stadium 2008 Manoj Badale
Paddy Upton Ajinkya Rahane
Sunrisers Hyderabad Hyderabad, Telangana Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium 2013
Kalanithi Maran Tom Moody Kane Williamson
Former teams
Deccan Chargers Hyderabad, Telangana Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium 2008 2012
Gayatri Reddy, T Venkattram Reddy
Kochi Tuskers Kerala Kochi, Kerala Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 2010 2011 Rendezvous
Consortium
Pune Warriors India Pune, Maharashtra DY Patil Stadium, Maharashtra Cricket Association
Stadium 2010 2014 Subrata Roy
Rising Pune Supergiant Pune, Maharashtra Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2016
2018 Sanjiv Goenka
Gujarat Lions Rajkot, Gujarat Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2016 2018 Keshav Bansal
Out of the thirteen teams that have played in the Indian Premier League since its inception, two teams
has won the competition three times, one team has won the competition twice each and three other
teams have won it once Mumbai Indians and Chennai Super Kings are the most successful teams in
league's history in terms of the number of titles won. The Kolkata Knight Riders have won two titles, and
the other three teams who have won the tournament are the Deccan Chargers, Rajasthan Royals and
Sunrisers Hyderabad. The current champions are Chennai Super Kings who beat Sunrisers Hyderabad in
the final of the 2018 season to secure their third title and thus became the joint most successful team in
IPL history ever with Mumbai Indians.
2008
163/5 (20 overs) DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai[37] 8[38] Australia Shane Watson
(Rajasthan Royals)[37]
2009
2010
2011
147/8 (20 overs) M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai[43] 10[44] West Indies Cricket
Board Chris Gayle (Royal Challengers Bangalore)[43]
2012
190/3 (20 overs) M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai[45] 9[46] West Indies Cricket
Board Sunil Narine (Kolkata Knight Riders)[45]
2013
125/9 (20 overs) Eden Gardens, Kolkata[47] 9[48] Australia Shane Watson (Rajasthan
Royals)[47]
2014
2015
2016
200/7 (20 overs) M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru[53] 8[54] India Virat Kohli (Royal
Challengers Bangalore)[53]
2017
(Scorecard)
128/6 (20 overs) Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad[55] 8[56] England
Ben Stokes (Rising Pune Supergiant)[55]
2018
178/6 (20 overs)[57] Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai 8[58] West Indies Cricket Board Sunil Narine
(Kolkata Knight Riders)[57]
Teams' performances
(8) 2009
(8) 2010
(8) 2011
(10) 2012
(9) 2013
(9) 2014
(8) 2015
(8) 2016
(8) 2017
(8) 2018
(8) 2019
(8)
Team \ Host India South Africa India India India India United Arab Emirates
Rajasthan Royals 1st 6th 7th 6th 7th 3rd 5th 4th Suspended
4th TBA
Chennai Super Kings 2nd SF 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 2nd Suspended
1st TBA
Kolkata Knight Riders 6th 8th 6th 4th 1st 7th 1st 5th 4th 3rd
3rd TBA
Mumbai Indians 5th 7th 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 4th 1st 5th 1st
5th TBA
Delhi Capitals SF SF 5th 10th 3rd 9th 8th 7th 6th 6th 8th
TBA
Kings XI Punjab SF 5th 8th 5th 6th 6th 2nd 8th 8th 5th 7th
TBA
Royal Challengers Bangalore 7th 2nd 3rd 2nd 5th 5th 7th 3rd 2nd
8th 6th TBA
Sunrisers Hyderabad Team did not exist 4th 6th 6th 1st 4th 2nd TBA
Pune Warriors India† Team did not exist 9th 9th 8th Team defunct
Kochi Tuskers Kerala† Team did not exist 8th Team defunct
Rising Pune Supergiant†Team did not exist 7th 2nd Team defunct
Gujarat Lions† Team did not exist 3rd 7th Team defunct
Awards
Main article: List of Indian Premier League awards
Orange Cap
The Orange Cap is awarded to the top run-scorer in the IPL during a season. It is an ongoing competition
with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual
winner keeping the cap for the season.[59]
Purple Cap
The Purple Cap is awarded to the top wicket-taker in the IPL during a season. It is an ongoing
competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the
eventual winner keeping the cap for the season.[60]
Financials
Title sponsorship
From 2008 to 2012, the title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, who had secured the
rights with a bid of ₹200 crore for five seasons.[61] After the conclusion of the 2012 season, PepsiCo
bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹396.8 crore for the subsequent five seasons.[62] However, the
company terminated the deal in October 2015 two years before the expiry of the contract, reportedly
due to the two-season suspension of Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league.[63] PepsiCo
paid ₹238.08 crore for three years of sponsorship before terminating the contract.[citation needed] The
BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to
Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹190 crore.[64] In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the
next five seasons (2018–2022) with a winning bid of ₹2199 crore, in a deal more expensive than
Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016.[65][66]
Brand value
The IPL has seen a spike in its brand valuation to US$6.3 billion after the 11th edition, according to
research conducted by the global valuation & corporate finance advisor the Duff & Phelps IPL brand
Value has increase from US$5.3 billion to US$6.3 billion after the conclusion 2018 IPL.[67],[68] Duff &
Phelps added that the value of brand IPL has jumped from $5.3 billion after the 2017 edition, against
$4.16 billion after 2016 edition. The 19% jump is despite the fact that the US dollar to Indian rupee
currency has depreciated by nearly 10%. According to managing director at Duff & Phelps India. "What
IPL has achieved in this short time is phenomenal. Not just in India, but internationally also," IPL not only
negotiated a tough pitch but also ultimately came out on top as a true winner. This IPL season has
grabbed the eyeballs for all the right reasons with a relatively controversy free tournament, coupled
with some scintillating on-field performances which have brought the spotlight back on the game."[69]
According to MD of Duff & Phelps the deal with the Star India has put IPL on par with some of the
biggest sporting leagues in the world (on a fee per match basis)," commented Varun Gupta, Managing
Director, Duff & Phelps and Asia Pacific Leader for Valuation Services.[copyright violation]
According to another independent report conducted by Brand Finance, a London-based company, after
the conclusion of the 2017 Indian Premier League, the IPL has seen its business value grow by 37% to an
all-time high of US$5.3 billion — crossing the five billion mark for the first time in a season. According to
the director of the company: “Now in it’s 11th season, the Indian Premier League is here to stay. The
league has delivered financially for the players, franchisees, sponsors and India as a whole, prompting a
strong desire among a range of stakeholders to appropriately value it. To ensure continued
development, management and team owners will have to explore innovative ways of engaging fans,
clubs, and sponsors.[70]
Two of the most popular franchises of the IPL - Mumbai Indians with the brand value of $113 million,
and Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR), with a brand value of $104 million are in the $100 million club. CSK
which was powered by former India skipper MS Dhoni, was valued at $98.0 million along with present
Indian Captain Virat Kohli Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB). Sunrisers Hyderabad ($70 million), Delhi
Daredevils ($52 million), Kings XI Punjab ($52 million) and Rajasthan Royals ($43 million) follow in the
brand rankings.[71][copyright violation]
Broadcasting
The IPL's broadcast rights were originally held by a partnership between Sony Pictures Networks and
World Sport Group, under a ten-year contract valued at US$1.026 billion. Sony would be responsible for
domestic television, while WSG would handle international distribution.[72][73] The initial plan was for
20% of these proceeds to go to the IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be distributed to the
franchisees from 2008 until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares.[74] However, in
March 2010, IPL decided not to go public and list its shares.[75] As of the 2016 season, Sony MAX, Sony
SIX, and Sony ESPN served as the domestic broadcasters of the IPL; MAX and SIX aired broadcasts in
Hindi, while SIX also aired broadcasts in the Bengali, Tamil, and Telugu languages. Sony ESPN broadcast
English-language feeds.[76]
The IPL became a major television property within India; Sony MAX typically became the most-watched
television channel in the country during the tournament,[77] and by 2016, annual advertising revenue
surpassed ₹1,200 crore. Viewership numbers were expected to increase further during the 2016 season
due to the industry adoption of the new BARC ratings system, which also calculates rural viewership
rather than only urban markets.[78][76] In the 2016 season, Sony's broadcasts achieved just over 1
billion impressions (television viewership in thousands), jumping to 1.25 billion the following year.[77]
Sony also broadcast a companion talk show, Extraaa Innings T20.[79]
On 4 September 2017, it was announced that the then-current digital rightsholder, Star India, had
acquired the global media rights to the IPL under a five-year contract beginning in 2018. Valued at
₹163.475 billion (US$2.55 billion, £1.97 billion), it is a 158% increase over the previous deal, and the
most expensive broadcast rights deal in the history of cricket. The IPL sold the rights in packages for
domestic television, domestic digital, and international rights; although Sony held the highest bid for
domestic television, and Facebook had made a US$600 million bid for domestic digital rights (which U.S.
media interpreted as a sign that the social network was interested in pursuing professional sports
rights),[80][81] Star was the only bidder out of the shortlist of 14 to make bids in all three
categories.[82][83][84]
Star CEO Uday Shankar stated that the IPL was a "very powerful property", and that Star would "remain
very committed to make sure that the growth of sports in this country continues to be driven by the
power of cricket". He went on to say that "whoever puts in that money, they put in that money because
they believe in the fans of the sport. The universe of cricket fans, it tells you, continues to very healthy,
continues to grow. What was paid in 2008, that was 2008. India and cricket and IPL—all three have
changed dramatically in the last 10 years. It is a reflection of that."[83][82][84] The deal led to concerns
that Star India now held a monopoly on major cricket rights in the country, as it is also the rightsholder
of ICC competitions and the Indian national team.[85]
For its inaugural season, Star aimed to put a larger focus on widening the IPL's appeal with a "core"
cricket audience. The network aimed to broadcast at least two hours of IPL-related programming daily
from January until the start of the season, having organized televised announcements of player
retention selections and new team captains. Viewership of the player auction, which featured pre- and
post-auction reactions and analysis, increased six-fold to 46.5 million. In March, Star Sports broadcast
Game Plan: In Your City specials from the home city of each of the IPL's franchises. Star Sports stated
that its in-season coverage and studio programming would focus more on the game itself and behind-
the-scenes coverage of the IPL's teams, rather than trying to incorporate irrelevant entertainment
elements. The network introduced a new studio program known as The Dugout, which broadcasts
coverage of matches with analysis from a panel of experts.[86]
Star broadcasts IPL matches live online in India via its over-the-top video streaming platform Hotstar[87]
to subscribers of Hotstar VIP or Hotstar Premium[88] Matches are also available on Jio TV & Airtel TV
apps on smartphones.[89]
International broadcasters
Territory Network
One HD (2009–2010)
Channel 9 (2016–present)[92]
Singtel (2015–2017)[92]
YuppTV (2018)[92]
BT Sport (2019)[99]
Hotstar (2015–present)[102]
The IPL Governing Council is responsible for all the functions of the tournament. The members are
Rajeev Shukla, Ajay Shirke, Sourav Ganguly, Anurag Thakur and Anirudh Chaudhary. In January 2016, the
Supreme Court appointed Lodha Committee to recommend separate governing bodies for the Board of
Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the Indian Premier League (IPL), where Justice RM Lodha
suggested a One State-One Member pattern for the board.[103]