EEE 4202(F) / Page 1 of 5

INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS) IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS) IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
EEE 4202: POWER SYSTEM 1
FINAL EXAMINATIONS: AUGUST 2013 SESSION

Instructions: This paper consists of two sections A and B. Answer all questions in section A and
chooses either one question in section B. All questions carry equal marks.
Section A: Answer all question in this section.
Question 1

(a) The Zaire River, in Africa, discharges at a constant rate of 1300 km3 of water per year. It has
been proposed to build a series of dams in the region on Inga, where the river drops by 100m.
Calculate:
(i) The water flow in m3/sec assuming 365 days in a year. (2 marks)
(ii) The power that could be harnessed in MW using the flow rate and the effective head.
(4 marks)
(b) The load curve of a system is shown in Fig. Q1b. The system is supplied by two (2) power
stations A and B. Station B is a stand-by station and operates when the load exceeds 40 MW.
Calculate the load factors of each station. (9 marks)

MW

60

40

20

10

2920 5840 8760

HOURS

Figure Q1b
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(c) The ABCD constants of a lossless three-phase, 500-kV transmission line are:

A = D = 0.86 + j0

B = 0+j130.2

C = j0.002

To improve the line performance, series capacitors are installed at both ends in each phase of the
transmission line. As a result of this, the compensated ABCD constants become

 1   1 
 A' B'  1  jX c   A B  1  jX c 
  2
    2

C ' D' 0 1  C D   0 1 
   
   

where Xc is the total reactance of the series capacitor. If Xc = 100 Ω, Determine the
compensated constants A’,B,C’ and D’. (10 marks)

Question 2

A 250 MVA, 16 kV rated generator is feeding into an infinite bus bar at 15 kV. The generator has a
synchronous reactance of 1.62 p.u. It is found that the machine excitation and mechanical power input
are adjusted to give Ef = 24 kV and power angle δ =300.

Using base values of 250 MVA and 16KV, determine:

(a)
(i) the per unit value of the terminal voltage per phase Vt and the excitation voltage per phase Ef
. (2marks)
(ii) the per unit value of the armature current Ia (4 marks)
(iii) the Zbase and I base (2 marks)
(iv) the armature current Ia , active and reactive power fed to the bus bars in the normal units
(5 marks)
The mechanical power input to the generator is decreased by 20% from that in part (a)
(b) but its excitation is not changed. Determine the following:
(i) the power delivered in MW and in p.u. (2 mark)
(ii) the torque angle δ (3 marks)
(iii) the armature current in p.u. (5 marks)
(iv) the armature current in A and the power factor (2 marks)
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Question 3

(a) Briefly discuss the procedures in synchronizing a 3-phase alternator to the infinite bus using the
3 lamp method in experiment 1 shown in figure Q3(a) in Lab Volt . Your discussion should
cover the following:How to run an alternator from the beginning. What are the adjustments to
make? Give the 3 requirements to be met before you are allowed to close the synchronizing
switch.
(10 marks)

Figure Q3 a

(b) The single-line diagram of an unloaded power system in shown in figure Q3b. Reactances of the
two sections of the transmission line are shown on the diagram. The generators and transformers
are listed in table 3b.

Table 3b

Equipment MVA rating Voltage rating in Reactance in pu

kV
Generator 1 20 13.8 j0.20
Generator 2 30 18 j0.20
Generator 3 30 20 j0.20
Transformer T1 25 220Y/13.8∆ j0.10
Transformer T2 30 220Y/18 ∆ j0.10
Transformer T3 35 220Y/22 Y j0.10
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(b)

T1 T2
C
A B E F
G1 G2
j80 Ώ j100 Ώ
Δ Y Y Δ

Y
T3
Y

G3

Figure Q3 b

(i) Draw the impedance diagram with all resistances marked in per unit and with letters to indicate
points corresponding to the single-line diagram. Choose a base of 50 MVA, 13.8 kV in the
circuit of generator 1. (10 marks)
(ii) If a three phase short circuit occurs from bus C to ground, find the value of the short-circuit
current in amperes if each generator is represented by its reactance. (5 marks)

Section B: Answer either 1 question in this section.

Question 4

(a) A 2000 KVA, 3 phase, 8 poles, Y-connected alternator is connected with 6000V, 50 cycle
infinite busbars. The resistance and reactance per phase of the machine are 0.18Ω and 3.6Ω
respectively. The excitation is adjusted to give 6000 V at no load. Determine:
(i) The synchronizing power per mechanical degree of displacement. (5 marks)
(ii) The synchronizing torque per mechanical degree of displacement. ( 5marks)
(b) Given a single core cable shown in Fig.Q4 (b). Prove that the voltage applied between conductor
and sheath is given by:
r r
V  g max [r ln 1  r1 ln 2 ]
r r1
q q q q
where: g1  g2  g1 max  g 2 max 
2 0 r1 x 2 0 r 2 x 2 0 r1 r 2 0 r 2 r1
r1 r2

g1 max  g 2 max  g max , V   g1 dx   g 2 dx

r r1
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where: r = conductor radius

r1 = radius of inner insulating layer of dielectric constant  r1
r2 = radius of inner insulating layer of dielectric constant  r 2
V= voltage applied between conductor and sheath

Fig. Q 4(b
(10 marks)
(c) A 66 kV single core cable has a core diameter of 2.5 cm and the diameter under the insulation
7.0 cm. The cable is graded by means of two layers of materials having relative permittivity of 5
and 3 respectively. The inner layer has a thickness of 1.0 cm and the outer layer is 1.25 cm thick.
Find the maximum stress in the two insulating mediums.

(5 marks)

Question 5

(a) Briefly discuss how the voltage in control in the power system using injection of reactive power
and tap-changing transformer. When do you inject capacitive vars and when do you inject
inductive vars? What happen in the transmission line when there is a shot circuit at the receiving
end? What will be the effect on the system? How to solve this problem? Reflect on what you
have learned in experiment 2.
(5 marks)
(b) A 69-kV, three-phase short transmission line is 16 km long. The line has a per phase series
impedance of 0.125 + j 0.4375 Ω per km. When the line delivers 70 MVA, 0.8 lagging power
factor at 64 kV, determine the following:
(i) Sending-end voltage
(ii) Voltage regulation
(10 marks )
(c) Shunt capacitors are installed at the receiving end to improve the line performance of Qb.
Determine the total MVAR of the capacitor required when the sending end voltage is 69 kV.
(10 marks)

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<EEE 4202/(F)/Sep2013/F.Roy Jr.17092013