Final CS For KFUPM BP

CONSTRUCTABILITY STUDY
KFUPM BUSINESS PARK PROGRAM

DETAIL DESIGN
DD - CONSTRUCTABILITY STUDY (CS) NOVEMBER 09th, 2017
REVISION CONTROL
Date Rev Purpose of Issue Originator Summary of Changes

11/13/2017 A Issued for review VMPSC
& comments
12/13/2017 B Final Report VMPSC Constructability Review Checklist has
been added after the inputs from
Construction Contractors
Additional comments from the

construction contractor has been
included
FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 2

CONTENTS
REVISION CONTROL ...................................................................................................................................... 2
CONSTRUCTABILITY WORKSHOP ............................................................................................................. 4
2. PROJECT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Project Description & location ............................................................................................................ 8
2.2 Project Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 8
3. CONSTRUCTABILITY STUDY INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 11
4. CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEW SUMMARY......................................................................................... 11
5. GENERAL CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCEPTS ..................................................................................... 12
6. GENERAL CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCERNS .................................................................................... 12
8. CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEW CHECKLIST ....................................................................................... 22
9. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS FROM CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR ............................................. 88
10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 89
11. CONSTRUCTABILITY SUGGESTION FORM ...................................................................................... 90
12. CONSTRUCTIBILITY STUDY ATTENDANCE SHEET ....................................................................... 93

CONSTRUCTABILITY WORKSHOP AGENDA

November 09th, 2017
ACTIVITIES TIME
SESSION
ATTENDANCE 8:00 – 8:10
Welcome & Introductions
10 minutes presentation for an overview of Constructability Workshop

including the definition, objectives, timing, implementations, benefits and
sharing of an example constructability success.
OVERVIEW OF THE CONSTRUCTABILITY AS PER CII
 ORGANISATION RELATED ISSUES
 Appoint Constructability Coordinator

 Identify participants for constructability actions and reviews
1 08:10 -10:00
 Establish approval authority chain for constructability issues
 Develop schedule for reviews
 Establish and maintain a Constructability Logbook
 through project closeout
 Review Lessons Learned
 Interface with other BI’s
 Review permits and associated requirements
 The Constructability Review Team
COFFEE BREAK 10:00 -10:15
 ENGINEERING / DESIGN RELATED ISSUES
 New technologies and Materials
 Design optimization
 Standardization of material and equipment
2  Modularization and prepackaged or packaged systems 10:15 - 12:00

 Underground Work including mechanical and electrical utilities, and
shortening mechanical and electrical runs and associated work.
 CONTRACTING
 Contracting Strategies to optimize Cost / Schedule benefit

SESSION ACTIVITIES TIME

 Incorporating Constructability Clauses in Contract language
 Advantages and Disadvantages of subcontractors
 SCHEDULING RELATED ISSUES
 Type of Schedule
 Sequential of construction activities
 Sequential equipment installation
 Early erection of stairways, platforms and ladders to preclude
temporary installations
 Site access constraints impacts schedule
 Heavy hauls & lifts impact schedule
 Critical path / long-lead materials
 Weather related construction and materials handling issues (wet
season, heat, wind/sand etc.)
 Minimizing double-handling of materials
 Site congestion – crew concentrations – impact of other activities in
area
 Permits and associated delays
 Start up schedules
 PROCUREMENT RELATED ISSUES
 Reducing materials costs
 Optimizing our just in time materials sequencing
 Evaluation of procurement delay risks
 Evaluation of pre-assembly (Skid mount) options and procurement
impact
 Variation of equipment cost between vendors
LUNCH BREAK/ PRAYER TIME 12:00 – 01:00
 MATERIALS RELATED ISSUES
 New construction technologies / materials
01:00 – 03:00
3  Pre-fab / pre-cast / pre-assembled options
 Modularization / standardization issues
 Minimize double-handling


 Installation of lifting lugs being installed at the factory. Are they
placed exactly where we need them for the way we planned our lifts.
 Availability of local purchase materials
 Availability of sand and marl. Barrow pit locations and access?
 Size & location of lay yard
 Spacing requirement for pre-assembly
 SITE RELATED ISSUES
 Identification of existing utilities and facilities within LUP
 Geotechnical investigations and test bores
 Rock quantities and hardness related issues
 Sand & marl availability
 Construction site congestion and Traffic plan
 Excavation, fill & leveling related issues (SFC to prepare in
advance?)
 Site access for personnel and heavy equipment
 Site facilities ~ project offices, lay down yards, cafeterias etc.
 Site Facilities ~ Temporary power, water, sewer, communications
etc.
 Temporary power and permanent facilities
 Heavy haul and heavy lift site requirements
 Road crossings, traffic plans and permits
 Offsite fabrication facility requirements and size
 CONSTRUCTION RELATED ISSUES
 New construction technologies / materials
 Review sequencing of construction activities
 Heavy haul / lift plan and associated scheduling and site
requirements
 Construction, installation and fabrication cost containment
 Ground level construction – minimize and the use of scaffolding
 Weather related issues: wet season’s effects, winds season effect,
temperature affects on the concrete placement and weather material


handling and storage concerns.
 Specialized tools or tooling
 Crane accessibility and conflicts
 Site congestion and crew concentrations
 Concrete formwork, pour schedules, rebars cage fabrication etc.
 Early erection of permanent stairways, platforms & ladders
 Reduce scaffolding
 Man-lifts instead of some scaffolding
 Evaluation of re-work risks
 Field welds
 Work permits and related delays
 Equipment location and minimizing better revisions during designs
 Accessibility of equipment for inspection and maintenance
requirements
 Discussion of project-specific issues and challenges
 Conclusion and Recommendations
03:00 – 03:30
ADJOURN!!!

1. DELIVERABLE OBJECTIVE
The Constructability Study (CS) workshop was conducted to identify areas of concern and potential
solutions with regard to construction of the project, KFUPM Business Park Program and focus on the
early identification of opportunities to improve the construction process, as well as the necessary
corrective actions to avoid situations that could cause problems or inefficiencies in construction.
2. PROJECT OVERVIEW
2.1 Project Description & location
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) though its wholly owned Affiliate,
Dhahran Techno Valley Company (DTVC), and its subsidiary, KFUPM Business Park Company
(BPCo) aims to develop and construct a State of the Art Business Park of mixed use real estate,
including Offices, Hospitality, Retail and residential assets with all supported facilities on a land
owned by KFUPM which is approximately 210,000 m2 (Phase 1) located adjacent to the
University Campus and near main Saudi Aramco main gate.
2.2 Project Objectives
The project is to create a high quality urban mixed use development comprising living and
employment opportunities consisting of residential, serviced apartment, hotel, office,
entertainment and retail facilities based on transit oriented development principles.
KFUPM Business Park Development aims to be a global landmark recognized for its unique,
iconic and compact development combining live, work and play spaces and positioned as a
premier destination in Dhahran. The project is to be completed by 2020

LOCATION


3. CONSTRUCTABILITY STUDY INTRODUCTION
This workshop was conducted to use construction knowledge and experience in planning, design and
procurement and field operations to achieve overall project objectives and integrate construction input
into planning design and construction stages. The session helped to integrate constructability input into
all stages of the project.
Construction Industry Institute (CII) research has concluded that maximum benefit occurs when people
with construction knowledge and experience become involved at the very beginning of a project.
The following Six (6) basic constructability concepts are generally applicable to the Project Design and
construction of any Project:
1. Constructability program are made integral part of project execution plans.
2. Project Planning actively involves construction knowledge.
3. Early construction involvement is considered in development of contracting strategy.
4. Overall project schedule is construction driven.
5. Basic Design approaches consider major construction methods.
6. Site layout promotes efficient construction.
4. CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEW SUMMARY
During the course of this review, typical project elements were examined in a constructability program
as following:
 Organization Related Issues
 Engineering and Design Related Issues
 Contracting
 Scheduling Related Issues
 Procurement Related Issues
 Materials Related Issues
 Site Related Issues
 Construction Related Issues
It is recommended that a member of the project team be identified as a constructability coordinator to

serve as the focal point for development of a Construction Strategy document to be incorporated into the
Final Construction documents.

Where appropriate, it is further recommended that teams be assembled to assess the impact of specific
issues. Team’s members should be selected based upon their experience and provided with necessary
resources to identify alternatives and to produce appropriate recommendations and/or procedures to
resolve the issue.
5. GENERAL CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCEPTS
The following general constructability concepts shall be followed as applicable for the project.
 Are areas available for lay down and fabrication yards, equipment parking, temporary field offices,
personnel parking, purchased material storage? If areas can be secured without excessive cost during
the planning stages, efficiency during construction will improve.
 Will double handling of materials be involved? Is there sufficient space on the project for temporary
stockpiling?
 Are work areas accessible for personnel, material delivery or equipment operation? Difficult access
for personnel can negatively impact productivity. In addition, difficult access routes frequently
present unsafe working conditions.
 Are designs configured to enable efficient construction? The desired result is to have an exchange of
ideas between construction and design before the “pencil on paper” design activities occur.
 Standardize design elements within the project. Both cost and schedule benefits can be realized by
standardization if the quantity is sizeable. Specific advantages include; increased productivity from
repetitive field operations, volume purchase discounts, simplified material procurement, simplified
materials management, and reduced design time.
 Construction efficiency needs to be considered in specification development. Common problem

types associated with difficult to construct specifications include; gold-plated designs or specs,
unrealistic tolerances and/or requirements, and impractical methods of measurement and payment.
 Constructability is enhanced by the following considerations. The standard specifications offer clear-
cut options (the less new spec writing required, the better and the probability of error and
construction rework is diminished). Clarity is sought as one of the prime characteristics of a good
specification. The cost saving potential of “or equal” specifications is balanced against the risk
involved. The specifications are up to date and conform to latest industry work methods.
6. GENERAL CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCERNS
During the presentation of the slides contained in the Constructability presentation, team members were
invited to comment on any topic with respect to the construction strategy and related concerns. An effort
was made to guide the discussion under the general discipline headings such as civil/structural, piping,
instrument and electrical etc. other general concerns such as logistical issues, contracting strategies,
materials and scheduling concerns were likewise addressed in groups.
As follow-up to this effort, the project team should meet periodically to discuss constructability issues in
the weekly progress meetings throughout the construction phases in a systematic effort to identify

constructability items and determine their impact on the construction of the project. Where issues and
concerns are identified, an assessment of cost, schedule, safety and/or quality factors should be addressed,
and whether any changes to standards or specifications are required. These issues may be summarized and
added into a logbook for periodic review and tracking.
It is useful to distribute constructability review log book to all members of the project team for individual
review and familiarization prior to conducting periodic constructability status meetings.

7. CONSTRUCTABILITY LOGBOOK
Closing Accep
S. Cat Project Specific Issues Champ Impact Stage
Date t
No
# (Revise Content if needed) Name A,S,R H,M,L E, T or C
Constructability team has assigned Eng. Pascal from DAR & Eng.
Latifa from DTVC to follow up on all the constructability issues and to
Constructability Engr. Pascal
1 conduct brainstorming meetings to come up with resolution for each
Champion & Latifa
upcoming constructability issue and follow up & act until closing of
each item.
During construction, the main accessibility will be through the 2 lanes Arp 2018
road with a closed gate besides East Park that will lead to Parcel 5
where all the temporary facilities are planned. The road is partially
asphalted and contractor to asphalt the access road. The second entry is
to Parcel 1 through the main roads. Internal roads within the site
running in the perimeter of the parcels to be used for accessing the
parcels.
Recommendation:
1. Contractor to consider one additional gate for accessing

2 Accessibility equipment and workers. MAK A H C
2. Construction phase Vehicle Movement / Traffic Plan to be

charted and to consider having the Aramco Road 6 to be free
from construction traffic during the peak hours.
3. East Park LUP has been approved.
4. PMT shall look into options available to access the site during
construction time to be able to fulfill the construction contractor
request on timely manner.

Closing Accep
Date t
No
Contractor recommended building concrete patch plant at parcel-5 to
minimize the impact on the traffic. However it is recommended to have LSPB
A M C
alternative supplier in case there is any failure in the patch plant of the Contractor
main supplier.
KFUPM will investigate the work permit requirements and space Jan 2018
ASK
requirements, environmental & health impacts for storing bulk A M C
(KFUPM)
materials for the patch plant
Contractor shall submit logistics plans including traffic plan to PMT Apr 2018 LSPB
A M C
for review & approval Contractor
Identify the items that require heavy haul and lifts, contactor has to July 2018
take crane mobilization into consideration for the lifting and
installation of pre cast panels.
During the windy season critical/ heavy lifting will be stopped, if the
wind speed exceeds 30 knots, however construction contractor shall
check with the crane manufacturer if their equipment can be used if the
wind speed above 30 knots.
LSPB
3 Heavy Lifts A H C
Construction contractor shall submit heavy lift plans and construction Contractor
safety manual (CSM) to PMT for review & approval.
It is envisaged to use both Mobile and Tower cranes during

construction. The weight of the trucks and cranes plying over the
tunnel and the slabs need to be considered according to the loading
plans.
It is recommended to clearly mark the load weight of the podiums /

Closing Accep
Date t
No
slabs over which trucks and cranes move.
Construction methodology by contractor to clearly specify the

sequence of construction which should clarify minimum space required
for heavy lifts and truck movement around the building structure. This
has to be shared and approved by the Project Management Team.
Recommendation:
If required, temporary support to be considered to support cranes and

heavy load trucks to go over podiums.
Avoid heavy traffic over the tunnel, however if it is required then

temporary bridge can be constructed taking into considerations
maximum load over the tunnel.
Investigate the impact of driving the pile on the adjacent tunnel during
construction
Dec 2017
Construction contractors shall be responsible to provide water for
Water supply construction activities and it has to be mentioned in contractor’s scope DAR A H T
4
for construction of work.
Existing pond can be used for dumping hydro testing water. PMT will Dec 2017
ASK/DAR A H T
check with KFUPM and verify
Parcel 5 area can be used as a staging area, however contractor will Apr 2018
Temporary
5 coordinate with PMT to allocate space for TCF. Incase space is not ASK A M C
facilities
available then contractor shall rent nearby the site
Closing Accep
Date t
No
Contractors shall be responsible to provide generators for power Apr 2018
LSPB
supply, potable water tanks for water supply and septic tanks for sewer A M C
contractor
system during construction.
Approved 3rd party shall certify cranes, crane operators, welders and Apr 2018 LSPB
6 Certification A H C
scaffolders. contractor
Checklist for long lead items such as Steel bridges, elevators, HVAC, Apr 2018
pre cast components, MV cables, Switchgears, transformers, exhaust
fans, BMS and pumps shall be prepared and submitted to PMT as part
Long Lead of the procurement plans. LSPB
7 A H C
items contractor
Procurement timing will be considered in the project schedule and
construction contractor will come up with the contingency plan for the
long lead items.
Locally Nov 2017
All the materials will be locally procured as applicable. Consultant LSPB
8 Procured A C
already proposed 03 vendors or equivalent. contractor
Material
Expansion joint Closed
Connection and expansion joint between the steel bridge structure and
between the
the building concrete structure is not defined yet. Coordination to be
steel bridge
conducted in Design phase between SC & SS engineers and
9 structure and
prefabricated steel elements to be specified.
the building
concrete
Already considered in design.
structure

Closing Accep
Date t
No
Precast, GRC or Siporex façade elements for free maintenance. Closed
Recessed Panels are 4m wide and to avoid showing joints inside the
rooms, it requires heavy lift. Therefore, It is recommended to use a
single skin panels for lighter weight and consider either gypsum board
or hollow blocks for second layer inside the building. The panel
dimension has been optimized 3.3m wide and 3m height
Recessed panels on balconies are hard to install which requires big Apr 2018
Precast
tolerance. It is recommended to consider bigger allowance on size of
10 Concrete LSPB A M C
panels. Max of 100 mm tolerance has been considered and will be
Panels
confirmed by manufacturer
Speeding the construction process. Jan 2018
36-42 months are estimated for construction and hand over. Incase
Estimated
construction is expedited; It will have a direct impact on cost. Bidding
11 Construction DAR A M T
shall start at 100% DD. This shall be considered in bid document.
Duration
Validation and verifications related to design are not required by LSPB
contractor
Safety during construction. Apr 2018
Safety during Contractors shall follow OSHA 18000 requirements

construction
12 LSPB A M C
and QA/QC Contractors shall follow civil defense requirements to provide wet
plan standby pipes during construction
Construction contractor shall submit their QA/QC/HSE plans to PMT

Closing Accep
Date t
No
for review at least one month prior to the start of the construction
activities.
Closed storage should be used to store the sensitive equipment with Apr 2018
adequate security measure.
13 Storage Sensitive control equipment has to be stored in a controlled LSPB A M C

environment due to their sensitivity to dust and moisture. If equipment
arrives earlier, then secondary storage facilities shall be provided at the
lay down area.
LSPB contracting strategy has been selected for this project and LSPB Dec 2017
is the most suitable type of contract for this project.
Recommendation:
Contract can have the clause of Provisional sum if common DAR A H T

Contracting & items like BMS, elevators, HVACs are to be purchased by a
14 Subcontracting combined tender under supervision, to ensure efficiency in
strategy procurement, pricing advantage, after sales service,
maintainability. Equipment list will be finalized during
tendering.
To consider if piling can be done commonly by a single approved Dec 2017
contractor for all the packages in conjunction with the LSPB package DAR A H T
contractor.

Closing Accep
Date t
No
Independently, Construction contractor to test and evaluate the quality Closed
of the existing tunnel through a testing regime to ascertain the effect of
vibration, load bearing capacity etc. before finalizing on the
15 Service tunnel construction methodology to pile and construction near the tunnels to
ensure that the existing tunnels do not get adversely effected. KFUPM
project unit has conducted the test and document will be attached.
Completed
Referenced standard does not fit the purpose for welded wire fabric Closed
mesh where it is applicable for "Fabricated deformed steel bar mats".
16 Structural
Action – Welded wire mesh to be used
Dec 2017
Geotechnical
17 Complete soil report shall be shared with bidders ATKINS A H T
report
Acceptance Apr 2018

Set acceptance criteria for the pre cast concrete panels with minimum
18 criteria for all LSPB A H C
variance
the finishes
Operation and Dec 2017
Include operation and maintenance services for three year including
19 maintenance DAR A M T
warranty
services
FIDIC-99 red book form of contract will be adopted. Apr 2018
Finalize project
20 DAR A H T
contract
Bill of quantity (BOQ) will be indicative and it will be provided to Apr 2018
21 Contract bidders just for reference and will not be part of the contract. DAR A H T
Contractor has to submit its own unit rate without any quantity.
Closing Accep
Date t
No
Apr 2018
22 Q&A’s Q&A’s will be part of the contract documents DAR A H T
Apr 2018
Dispute
23 ICC chamber of commerce rules recommended for arbitration DAR A H T
resolutions
Apr 2018
Use FIDIC silver book for parcel-6 or finish design separately then add
24 Parcel-6 DAR A H T
it to the FIDIC red book
Verify if SASO is applicable to other than electrical. Apr 2018
25 Concern DAR A H T
Designer has specifications for each material

8. CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEW CHECKLIST
Initial Review Action Sheet

Action
Item No. Category Item Assigned Due
By Accepted Rejected
to: Date
SECTION 1 - GENERAL ENGINEERING
1-1 General
Enginr'ng
Solicit construction input on engineering drawing content and
presentation methods.
 Contractor
1-2 General
Enginr'ng
Agreement with construction and engineering on the extent of
detailing required by construction on hangers and supports, small
 Contractor /
piping, heat tracing, vents and drains, spool fabrication, isometrics, Engineering
fixtures, instrument assemblies, tubing, junction boxes, etc
1-3 General
Enginr'ng
See to it that construction communicates tolerances that can be
maintained, and identify where are needs for greater flexibility.
 Contractor /
Engineering
1-4 General
Enginr'ng
Designers should minimize the use of terms field will verify and field
routing.
 Designers
1-5 General
Enginr'ng
Coordinate tolerances between different elements that are not
compatible, e.g., machine tolerances and reinforced concrete

tolerances. Where more stringent tolerances are required for a Designers
particular installation, make a note of these tolerances on the
applicable design drawings.
1-6 General
Enginr'ng
Complete as soon as possible the design and layout of installations
that become difficult to access because of the installation of following

Contractor /
equipment, piping, conduit, etc. Consider the location of designed
Engineering
installations and the level of access difficulty for welding tools and
other required erection equipment activities.
1-7 General
Enginr'ng
Arrange permanent plant facilities so that access required for
construction will not be blocked or restricted.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
1-8 General
Enginr'ng
When designing overhead lifting devices provided for specific plant
equipment, consider the lifting capacity and headroom required for

Contractor
construction loads and rigging equipment as well as the lifting
capacity for normal maintenance loads.
1-9 General
Enginr'ng
During design, emphasize and coordinate the practical
constructability aspects of installation, repair and retrofit as well as

Designers
for operations/maintenance. Consulting with the field and/or
construction can often result in considerable savings in the field.
1-10 General
Enginr'ng
Provide structural steel requirements early in the construction phase
of the project. This will give the field the flexibility of applying the

Contractor /
fireproofing early in areas of greater equipment concentration or
designer
deferring application where there are to be a larger number of
attachments to the steel.
1-11 General
Enginr'ng
Establish comprehensive division of responsibility between
engineering, procurement, contractors, subcontractors and Owner in

Contractor
regard to taking off, requisitioning, purchasing, inspecting,
expediting, receiving and storing of all types of materials.
1-12 General
Enginr'ng
Check for proper equipment location to minimize later revisions
during design. Incorporate an appropriate level of pre-assembly and
 Designer
include work areas for the pre-assembly activities in the site layout.
1-13 General
Enginr'ng
Often times, a sizable amount of engineering information which has
been "approved for construction" is put on "hold" due to pending

change which may affect only a portion of the "on hold" information.
Contractor /
An improved system is necessary for communicating "on hold"
designer
information. A short description on the appropriate drawing
describing the cause of delay would allow portions of productive
work to proceed.
1-14 General
Enginr'ng
Rationalize standard specifications and material requirements to meet
local codes, practices and available materials.
 Designer


Action
to: Date
1-15 General
Enginr'ng
Visit to the site to identify all special site conditions
 Contractor/
Designer
1-16 General
Enginr'ng
Keep construction access in mind when planning layout for major
equipment. Good access lowers rigging costs and provides future

Contractor
maintenance access. An open construction layout leaves work areas
for future turnarounds/maintenance.
1-17 General
Enginr'ng
Do not place pumps or other equipment under pipe-ways. This will
allow the use of rolling scaffolding and access for construction
 Contractor
equipment.
1-18 General
Enginr'ng
Maximize ground level construction by various means, including pre-
assembly. This typically increases productivity and enhances safety.
 Contractor
1-19 General
Enginr'ng
Size the width of roads and gates to accommodate the largest cranes
and pieces of equipment that will be used or placed on the project.
 Contractor
1-20 General
Enginr'ng
Plan access ways for cranes to be used in both construction and
maintenance. Provide convenient crane access to heavy equipment.
 Contractor
1-21 General
Enginr'ng
Make sure that the plot plan provides for temporary facilities and
easy access to lay-down areas.
 Contractor
1-22 General
Enginr'ng
Plan roadways and traffic patterns to facilitate safe fast handling and
to avoid having traffic interfering with earthwork activities.
 Contractor
1-23 General
Enginr'ng
Review plant layouts in relation to the construction schedule with the
goal of eliminating or minimizing access restrictions resulting from

Contractor
open ditches for sewers, underground pressure lines, underground
cables, etc.
1-24 General
Enginr'ng
Review possibilities of having all underground work packaged for
release in designated corridors or by areas so that closely related

drain lines, pressure pipes, electrical trenches, grounding grids,
Contractor
foundations, manholes, catch basis, curbs, etc. can be done
concurrently to avoid re-excavating, extended disruptions, and other
actions which delay progress.

Action
to: Date
1-25 General
Enginr'ng
Permanent road bases can be used as construction roads with topping
added near the end of job completion. Designer should provide
 Contractor/
Designer
specifications and routing as soon as practical.
1-26 General
Enginr'ng
Review applicability of laser beam projecting surveying instruments
rather than line and grade stakes on underground drain lines and other
 Contractor
long straight runs in congested working areas.
1-27 General
Enginr'ng
Thoroughly review the soil study at the jobsite to establish the
optimum design/construct methods.
 Contractor/
Designer
1-28 General
Enginr'ng
Develop a "slurry" mix of sand and cement to facilitate backfill
around congested areas.
 Contractor
1-29 General
Enginr'ng
When working in or adjacent to operating facilities, review access
ways to and from installation areas, prefabrication shops, storage

areas and parking areas with plant operation people so that traffic Contractor
patterns that minimize interferences and facilitate construction can be
established.
1-30 General
Enginr'ng
Plan locations of temporary barricades, fences and gates to ensure the
protection and security of the existing plant and of the construction
 Contractor
site.
1-31 General
Enginr'ng
Locate fabrication shops adjacent to storage area.
 Contractor
1-32 General
Enginr'ng
Establish isolated storage locations for highly combustible items as
cad-weld materials, painting, cleaning fluids, etc.
 Contractor
1-33 General
Enginr'ng
Consider the need for emergency access and evacuation in the
planning process.
 Contractor
1-34 General
Enginr'ng
Layout roads, access ways, fabrication shops and storage areas in
accordance with centers of gravity of different types of work to avoid

Contractor
cross flow of materials and to minimize interference of traffic. Locate
the main gates as close as possible to the center of gravity of work to

Action
to: Date
minimize walking on company time.
1-35 General
Enginr'ng
Get as much early permanent lighting completed as possible, so that it
can be used for night work, shift work, etc.
 Contractor
1-36 General
Enginr'ng
Determine whether any of the permanent plant utilities can be made
available for use during construction. If they can, and if a new facility
 Designer
is being constructed, provide for early design.
1-37 General
Enginr'ng
Preplan lay-down areas such that stored items are easy to find,
maintain (if required) and remove. Provide suitable working surface
 Contractor
(such as gravel) and adequate drainage.
1-38 General
Enginr'ng
Develop a temporary power one-line diagram showing source,
requirements and points of service; show routing on the plot plan

Contractor
with installation details and point of service; and determine the above
ground distributions system requirements.
1-39 General
Enginr'ng
Ensure that there is enough temporary power at the start of
construction for peak construction needs. Ensure that there is enough

temporary power available for checkout and startup or that permanent Contractor
power will be available when primary stages of startup begin.
1-40 General
Enginr'ng
Dike wall containment change capacity for new ramps
 Contractor
1-42 General
Enginr'ng
Provide temp facilities for LSPB contractor. Drawings to show
locations.
 Designer
1-43 General
Enginr'ng
Fire watch to be construction personnel.
 Contractor
1-44 General
Enginr'ng
Water management for hydrotesting.
 Contractor
SECTION 2 - SAFETY AND SECURITY


Action
to: Date
2-1 Safety
Security
Provide clear, direct access ways and aisles to prevent tripping and
congestion hazards
 Contractor
2-2 Safety
Security
Provide for good escape routes in case of fire or other emergencies on
site.
 Contractor
2-3 Safety
Security
When developing the plot plan, group equipment foundations in a
way that permits the proper drainage of mass excavations.
 Contractor
2-4 Safety
Security
Consider area drainage during construction when developing the plot
plan. Temporary ditching may be appropriate.
 Contractor
2-5 Safety
Security
Consider using a single, separate contractor to provide the security
services for the entire project at construction gates, on in-plant roads,
 Contractor
at offsite lay-down, storage and parking areas and for onsite facilities.
2-7 Safety
Security
Use bar-coded swipe cards or a similar electronic timekeeping
system.
 Contractor
SECTION 3 - MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

3-1 Mat'ls Minimize the number of materials used on the project.
 Contractor
3-2 Mat'ls Identify the computer systems required to manage the materials and
documentation, and ensure that they are adequate and compatible.
 Contractor
3-3 Mat'ls Make sure that responsibilities for the supply of subcontractor
materials are clearly understood and identified in the contract

documents. Keep in mind that materials supply can have a substantial Contractor
impact on contractor performance. The price of materials may be
small compared to the cost of delays and other impacts.
3-4 Mat'ls Establish a comprehensive materials management process with which
all parties associated with the project agree. Ensure that all computer

Contractor
tracking systems are compatible. Keep in mind that the objective is to
get the right material item to the field at the right time.


Action
to: Date
3-5 Mat'ls Have construction, in conjunction with engineering and procurement,
develop a well-defined field schedule for all materials and equipment.

This schedule should be developed early in the project, so that the Contractor
design effort can be programmed to meet construction needs.
3-6 Mat'ls Develop materials specifications in conjunction with vendors as early
as possible. These specifications must take into consideration the true
 Contractor
availability of materials in the market place.
3-7 Mat'ls Use additional engineering manpower or overtime to keep the
procurement process on track. Consider the total impact on the
 Contractor
project.
3-8 Mat'ls When delays occur, work with the vendor/supplier to develop a plan
of action to get back on track before the next milestones. Do not limit

Contractor
corrective action to getting on track by the end date.
3-9 Mat'ls Develop a plan, a tracking program and procedures for material and
equipment maintenance during storage and installation prior to

Contractor
startup. There can be considerable cost involved in this activity.
3-10 Mat'ls Select the suppliers for bulk materials as early as possible and obtain
commitments for delivery of long lead items. Use the suppliers to

Contractor
assist in timing of purchase, particularly valves.
3-11 Mat'ls See to it that test and temporary bulk materials, particularly erection
materials are not overlooked.
 Contractor
3-12 Mat'ls Establish a well-defined computer tracking system for field control of
bulk materials.
 Contractor
SECTION 4 - SCHEDULING


Action
to: Date
4-1 Schedule Develop an optimum construction sequence schedule, one that is
based on engineering or procurement constraints; then; schedule the

engineering and procurement activities to support this best case Contractor
schedule, modifying as necessary. The project schedule should be
construction driven.
4-2 Schedule See to it that the project schedule incorporates all the pre-assembly
and modularization plans for the project.
 Contractor
4-3 Schedule Identify repetitive work and use the same crew to perform this work.
 Contractor
4-4 Schedule On portions of the job where engineering and procurement lead-time
restrictions are at a minimum, push construction operations ahead
 Contractor
quickly.
4-5 Schedule Plan equipment and material deliveries to avoid double handling by
setting the items directly in position when received and incorporating
 Contractor
the principle of just-on-time delivery to the maximum extent feasible.
4-6 Schedule Study field manpower requirements in relation to this schedule, and
work with engineering to modify the sequences of design release in
 Contractor
ways to achieve leveling of critical labor peaks.
4-7 Schedule Study the effect of crane and other equipment movements on the
permissible density of workers in congested areas, and plan shift-

Contractor
work or other programs to relieve overload problems with either
equipment of people.
4-8 Schedule Time heavy lifts to optimize crane usage.
 Contractor
4-9 Schedule Arrange equipment to facilitate construction sequencing. Develop a
specific sub-schedule to ensure that the plot plan arrangement will
 Contractor
allow equipment setting.
4-10 Schedule Develop a plot plan to support the delivery of all pre-assemblies,
skids and modules. Consider locating underground facilities on
 Contractor
aboveground equipment. Also consider the impact of these facilities

Action
to: Date
on the movement and location of construction equipment.
4-11 Schedule Locate underground utility corridors so that underground work does
not affect the construction of deep foundations.  Contractor
SECTION 5 - CIVIL WORKS

5-1 Civil
Works
On concrete, plumbing and architectural drawings, the invert
elevation for floor drains and clean-outs should be indicated along
 Contractor
with the thickness of floor tiles or ceramic tile.
5-2 Civil
Works
Identify long lead items and order early computer floors, blast door,
drop ceiling, etc.
 Contractor
5-3 Civil
Works
Try to use packaged HVAC system to save design and installation
cost over installing custom systems.
 Contractor
5-4 Civil
Works
Reduce HVAC requirement in areas where the surrounding
temperature is not critical to the process and in non-production areas
 Contractor
(storage, shops, etc.).
5-5 Civil
Works
Design foundations to avoid excessive use of sheet piling (shoring) to
prevent the undermining of adjacent (in- place) foundations,
 Designer
manholes, sumps, etc.
5-6 Civil
Works
Design foundations in 2" or 4" increments so field has flexibility in
the type of forms to use; for example, patent forming systems (rental)
 Contractor /
can be a cost savings on some jobs. Patent forming systems are most Designer
economical when dimensions are in 2" or 4" increments.
5-7 Civil
Works
Standardize foundation sizes for pipe racks, structures, and
miscellaneous support foundations.
 Designer
5-8 Civil
Works
Larger diameter foundations should be octagonal or some other easily
constructed shape.
 Designer


Action
to: Date
5-9 Civil
Works
Strive for early road crossing structures for U.G. utilities.
 Contractor
5-10 Civil
Works
Early and preliminary issue of all deep foundations, manholes,
pumps, underground piping, and site improvement plans including

Contractor
rough grading/drainage/road base is essential. Preliminary issue
should be revised if significant changes occur.
5-11 Civil
Works
Where possible, drill and epoxy small foundations (pumps, supports,
etc) into the top of area paving.
 Contractor
5-12 Civil
Works
Slope area paving minimum 1/8" maximum ¼" per1'-0" to prevent
ponding.
 Contractor
5-13 Civil
Works
Provide area paving drawings that locate control and/or expansion
joints. Expansion joints should have keyway or smooth dowels to
 Contractor
prevent differential settlement in slabs.
5-14 Civil
Works
Design elevated slabs for utilization of "Q-Decking" in lieu of
forming and shoring. Elevated slab drawings should show all block-
 Designer
out requirements.
5-15 Civil
Works
Issue standard reinforcing details (cut-sheets) early so fabrication can
start prior to actual installation of foundation. In the case of offsite

Contractor
fabrication, issue drawing early to fabricator. "CUT SHEETS WILL
BE BY FABRICATOR OR CIVIL SUBCONTRACTOR."
5-16 Civil
Works
Utilize wire mesh in sheets for reinforcing in slabs instead of rebar
where design requirements allow it.
 Contractor
5-17 Civil
Works
Use reinforcing or smooth bars for anchors (welded) instead of
"Nelson Studs" for anchoring embedded items.
 Contractor
5-18 Civil
Works
Use embedded (weld) plates OR THREADED INSERT for
horizontal anchor bolts, where practical, to avoid bolts sticking
 Contractor
through forms, especially on patent form systems.


Action
to: Date
5-19 Civil
Works
Standardize anchor bolts where practical, i.e., keep "type," thread
type, and length of bolts consistent. When possible, keep anchor bolt

Contractor
sizes to ¼" increments. Try to avoid as many 5/8", 7/8" and 1-1/8"
bolts as possible.
5-20 Civil
Works
Issue anchor bolt list (quantity, size, etc.) early, especially if there are
requirements for special alloy steel or hot dip galvanizing.
 Contractor
5-21 Civil
Works
Consider field fabrication of 1" and smaller carbon steel anchor bolts.
 Contractor
5-22 Civil
Works
Whenever possible, especially on major tower, tank, and process
structures with numerous foundation anchor bolts, utilize "sleeved"

Contractor
anchor bolts on 1" and larger to allow for a margin of error in bolt
layout or vessel/skirt fabrication error.
5-23 Civil
Works
Issue foundation drawings without anchor bolt details when
equipment is such that anchors may be drilled in after the equipment
 Contractor
is received.
5-24 Civil
Works
When designing underground systems, specify pre-cast manholes,
sumps, and electric pull boxes as often as possible. Use reinforced

Contractor
concrete pipe for design of valve boxes, small sumps, and manholes
where possible.
5-25 Civil
Works
Specify bell and spigot reinforced concrete pipe instead of tongue and
groove which sometimes requires poured collars for leak proofing.
 Contractor
5-26 Civil
Works
Manholes, sumps, and any type of wall that has a deep excavation,
should have the bottom slab extending to the outside of wall 3-1/2" or
 Contractor
more in order to have room for setting the outside forms.
5-27 Civil
Works
Sumps or manholes requiring lining should be specified for coating
on the exterior walls with bitumastic or equal, to prevent repair of

Contractor
seepage through hairline cracks caused by concrete shrinkage and the
subsequent repair problems.


Action
to: Date
5-28 Civil
Works
Issue of "Neenah" or equal manhole covers early due to long
delivery.
 Contractor
5-29 Civil
Works
All pre-cast concrete should be reviewed by rigging specialist and
building superintendent before pre-casting begins.
 Contractor
5-30 Civil
Works
If structural steel requires fireproofing on racks, extend foundation
pier to just below first load beam to eliminate the requirement of
 Contractor
fireproofing the lower vertical column.
5-31 Civil
Works
Develop a "slurry" mix of sand and cement and/or fly ash to facilitate
backfill and develop seal side concrete mix.
 Contractor
5-32 Civil
Works
Consider use of sono-tube forms for small diameter (30" or less)
foundations such as pipe-racks and vessel support piers. Standardize
 Contractor
sono-tube size as much as possible.
5-33 Civil
Works
Request change of concrete form removal time from days to 1 day
(24 hours) except for elevated slabs.
 Contractor
5-34 Civil
Works
Use non-explosive products for demolition jobs when possible.
 Contractor
5-35 Civil
Works
Use metal screed key with removable plastic strips for construction
joints for pouring large area floor slabs or paving whenever possible.
 Contractor
5-36 Civil
Works
Add special concrete testing requirements to drawing vs.
specification interpretation.
 Contractor
5-37 Civil
Works
Avoid unnecessary varying thickness within a given floor slab. The
material savings are insignificant compared to field labor costs.
 Contractor
5-38 Civil
Works
Coordinate with other disciplines to require vendors to provide
anchor bolt size, projection, and location early.
 Contractor
5-39 Civil
Works
Maximize use of site materials for backfill instead of imported select
materials wherever possible.
 Contractor
5-40 Civil Provide mild steel lifting lugs on pre-cast manholes.
 Contractor

Action
to: Date
Works
5-41 Civil
Works
Where feasible, provide a bent plate that serves as a left in place form
at the perimeter or openings of cellular sheet steel/concrete floors.

This eliminates the need of a wood form that is difficult to hold and
Contractor
permits siding or walls to be installed before pouring the floor. This
applies to penetrations as well. Standard channels or other sections
may be used as desired depending on dimensions and circumstances.
5-42 Civil
Works
Many times a footing is designed with a haunch to reduce the size of
the beam. However, the cost of surveying, excavating, placing forms

Designer
and rebar far exceeds the amount of extra concrete required to
/Contractor
maintain a constant depth beam for the entire footing. For the same
reason, irregular plan shapes should be avoided.
5-43 Civil
Works
Tie-rods instead of thrust blocks should be used on cast iron fire
mains where soils conditions do not provide adequate bearing
 Contractor
capacity for thrust blocks.
5-44 Civil
Works
The standard civil railroad specification and road specification should
contain a reference to the appropriate electrical specification and

drawings for track grounding requirements. This will alert field to Contractor
electrical work required prior to grouting the rails into floors and
slabs.
5-45 Civil
Works
When referring to a code, be specific, reference code, page,
paragraph, section, etc.
 Contractor
5-46 Civil
Works
For catch basins and manholes using R.C.P., make sure elevations
match standard lengths of pipe that can be ordered from vendor.

Contractor
Cutting of R.C.P. is not required when elevations are planned
correctly.
5-47 Civil
Works
Area paving drawings should be marked showing electrical stud-ups
for grounding. Note on drawing, showing what marks mean.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
5-48 Civil
Works
When elevated concrete floors are required, consider using V-
Rib/Epicore metal decking and fastening system. This allows easy

Contractor
installation of floor, electrical, pipe, instrument (conduit tubing, pipe,
etc.) and lights.
5-49 Civil
Works
To help minimize rubbing concrete surfaces, consider using a
fiberglass form tie system (Supertie by RJD Industries or equal) to
 Contractor
secure concrete forms.
5-50 Civil
Works
Construction and Engineering must thoroughly review the soil study
at the proposed jobsite to establish the optimum Design/Construct
 Designer/
Contractor
method given alternatives.
5-51 Civil
Works
Storm drainage systems should be developed as early as possible in
order to facilitate usage during construction.
 Contractor
5-52 Civil
Works
Roads should be designed early so that road bases can be installed
and utilized during the construction phase.
 Contractor
5-53 Civil
Works
Fence plans and details should be developed early to aid with security
measures.
 Contractor
5-54 Civil
Works
Access roads should be designed to facilitate the movement of major
equipment during and after construction. This should be incorporated
 Contractor
into permanent road design when possible.
5-55 Civil
Works
Avoid construction below water table whenever possible.
 Contractor
5-56 Civil
Works
Underground drawings must show existing utilities.
 Contractor
5-57 Civil
Works
Prior to the start of the project, select and test various sources of
backfill material. The initial soils investigation should cover pits in

Contractor
the area of the jobsite. Include quantity survey as part of the
investigation.
5-58 Civil
Works
Specify mill test certificate requirements from vendors for rebar,
anchor bolts and embeds.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
5-59 Civil
Works
Establish excavation philosophy, i.e., individual footing excavation
vs. major excavations, sheet piling requirements, etc., as part of the
 Contractor
Construction plan.
5-60 Civil
Works
Field fabrication of rebar & embeds.
 Contractor
5-61 Civil
Works
Concrete - Engineering/Construction to specify required additives
and curing compounds. Confirm compliance with specification and
 Designer/
location what is available?. Concrete - Specify aggregates and cement Contractor
that are locally available.
5-62 Civil
Works
Concrete - If more than one cement type is required, develop action
plan to prevent inefficiencies, QC problems, scheduling difficulties,
 Contractor
etc. Evaluate cost to go to one type of cement. LOOK @ TYPE 2.
5-63 Civil
Works
Develop concrete placing programs and rates to minimize
construction joint and maximize re-use of forms while staying within

Contractor
the mixing and placing capacity of equipment. Review the use of
concrete conveyors, pumps and cranes with Engineering.
5-64 Civil
Works
Obtain catalogs from Pre-cast vendors for use in engineering of
manholes/catch basin.
 Contractor
5-65 Civil
Works
Utilize trunnion support for small inline vertical pumps.
 Contractor
5-66 Civil
Works
Eliminate piers at ladder landings, control station, junction boxes, etc.
Reduce the use of piers. Consider thickened slab in lieu.
 Contractor
5-67 Civil
Works
Where area containment is required, consider the use of a "total slab"
concept outside substations for transformers/ equipment instead of
 Contractor
individual block foundations.
5-68 Civil
Works
Early paving will facilitate efficient construction, drainage, and
effective housekeeping.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
5-69 Civil
Works
Review clearances between forms, anchor bolts, sleeves, rebar
embedded items, and congested connections to assure that there is
 Contractor
sufficient room to place bolts and rebar.
5-70 Civil
Works
Clearly specify the type and extent of grouting requirements for vent
holes, surface preparation, cavity and foundation considerations,
 Contractor
coordination with machinery requisitioning engineer.
5-71 Civil
Works
Purchase bulk rebar in 60' lengths if possible.
 Contractor
5-72 Civil
Works
Consider specifying mechanical anchor bolts where practical instead
of cast-in-place anchor bolts or chemical anchors. Use for 1" and
 Contractor
smaller applications for pumps, pipe trunnions, etc.
5-73 Civil
Works
Consider prefabricated concrete with as repetitive a design as
possible.
 Contractor
5-74 Civil
Works
Investigate the economics of pre-cast concrete for pipe way bents or
other particular applications.
 Contractor
5-75 Civil
Works
Identify which foundations will be pumped and agree on the
minimum rebar spacing which allows for easy passage of the

Contractor
concrete, (i.e., bar spacing in mats, walls, etc.) Increase bar size for
greater spacing.
5-76 Civil
Works
Electrical Design should consider using a grounding buss installed in
ECR walls for grounding equipment cabinets and transformers.
 Designer
/Contractor
5-77 Civil
Works
A&C design should provide framed openings for cable tray and buss
duct entry (plus specify method for sealing) on the A&C drawings.
 Contractor
5-78 Civil
Works
ECR's should be sized based upon standard cable tray tees, elbows
and offsets when arranging the electrical equipment.
 Contractor
5-79 Civil
Works
Are doors designed for the largest equipment to be moved into or out
of the buildings?
 Designer


Action
to: Date
5-80 Civil
Works
Due to the importance of floor channels being level and flush with the
finished floor, it is recommended that block-outs be utilized when

Contractor
pouring floor slab. Then adjustable rails can be grouted after the
switchgear is set.
5-81 Civil
Works
Review for early release deep foundations.
 Contractor
5-82 Civil
Works
If block-outs are impractical for switchgear rails, then consider flat
plate so that more clearance over the rebar is maintained.
 Contractor
5-83 Civil
Works
Consider composite steel and concrete structural framework with
formed-in-place concrete, as fireproofing. This will allow lighter
 Contractor
steel members to be used.
5-84 Civil
Works
Elevated slabs should show all penetration locations and size for
installation with slab. (Core drilling after the slab is poured should be
 Contractor
viewed as last resort only.)
5-85 Civil
Works
For conduit stub-outs from building, show routing on building
conduit and foundation drawings for at least 15' beyond the perimeter

Contractor
of the building. Minimize depth of conduit penetrations in grounding
foundations.
5-86 Civil
Works
Include drainage in footing design.
 Designer
/Contractor
5-87 Civil
Works
Consider heavy wall polyethylene piping for firewater and other
similar services. Eliminates sand bedding and most kickers.
 Contractor
5-88 Civil
Works
Underground pipe and electrical conduit should be run at consistent
elevations.
 Contractor
5-89 Civil
Works
Where feasible, underground piping should be located so that
multiple installations can be achieved with a single excavation,
 Contractor
particularly at road crossings.


Action
to: Date
5-90 Civil
Works
Provide culvert schedule. Consider galvanized corrugated or
bitumastic coated pipe.
 Contractor
5-91 Civil
Works
Underground electrical plan drawings should show the location and
elevations of all conduits, cables, ducts, etc., and also any

Contractor
underground piping which cross these underground ducts. (Profile
views should be provided whenever runs change direction or cross.)
5-92 Civil
Works
Review duct bank and manhole layouts to keep sharp bends to a
minimum.
 Contractor
5-93 Civil
Works
All underground piping, including insulated lines, should reference
civil drawings and should be shown on civil drawings.
 Contractor
5-94 Civil
Works
Standardize footing thicknesses and columns sizes of pipe-racks,
structures and miscellaneous supports. Base the sizes of equipment
 Designer/
foundations on the respective equipment base plate sizes and anchor Contractor
bolt patterns, which can be standardized.
5-95 Civil
Works
Include jobsite coordinates in foundation drawings. Consider
providing more information in order to reduce the number of
 Contractor
reference drawings.
5-96 Civil
Works
Design foundations in congested areas with the bottom of the
concrete at the same elevation throughout, if possible. This allows for
 Contractor
common work slabs in mass excavations.
5-97 Civil
Works
Investigate elevating the top of foundations to grade to eliminate the
need for area paving.
 Contractor
5-98 Civil
Works
To give construction some flexibility, consider allowing the field to
install, without providing documentation, larger rebar than that

specified in the documentation, and to substitute two rebar's for one.
Contractor
These procedures allow work to continue even if a certain size of
rebar becomes unavailable and permit construction in tight areas
without an undue amount of documentation.


Action
to: Date
5-99 Civil
Works
Use welded wire mesh in lieu of rods where possible to minimize the
number of pieces handled and to eliminate tied joints. Maintain strict
 Contractor
control over mesh location in the concrete.
5-100 Civil
Works
Minimize vertical rebar splices by extending column and wall rods to
full height instead of using dowels.
 Contractor
5-101 Civil
Works
Design rebar with the expectation that some will be cut at a later date.
Part of the core drilling program must include an allowance for cut

Contractor
bar in the original design of reinforcing steel. This reduces costly
rework.
5-102 Civil
Works
Have structural designers review their reinforced concrete design
from the standpoint of the difficulty in placing rebar, placing and

vibrating concrete and concrete formwork. For instance,
consideration must be given to the available opening between vertical
and horizontal rebar for the placement of stirrups or when hooked
steel must be threaded through openings and hooked around Contractor
horizontals and verticals. In either case, it may be more practical from
construction standpoint to detail the item in two pieces, even though
the splice will require additional material. In some instances,
increasing the bar size and spacing will provide the necessary
clearance.
5-103 Civil
Works
Ensure that concrete specifications are practical and economical with
respect to curing, weather protection, tolerances, etc.
 Contractor
5-104 Civil
Works
To avoid possible delays on foundation construction caused by
missing dimensions and details, investigate the possibility of

Contractor
mounting equipment on skids, which can be easily anchored to more
simple foundations using drilled anchor bolts.
5-105 Civil
Works
Use concrete of a single strength as much as possible.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
5-106 Civil
Works
Consider using an automated concrete quality monitor (CQM) to
assess the quality of fresh concrete while it is being placed. This

device was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and will
predict the 28-day compressive strength of concrete, based on the Contractor
water and cement contents of the fresh concrete. The device is easy to
operate and readily available in the marketplace. It costs under
U$10,000 and can perform a test in just 15 minutes.
5-108 Civil
Works
Consider specifying a pre-approved repair procedure for concrete
with voids or rock pockets, allowing immediate repair without

documentation. This should result in better quality repairs and Contractor
reduced documentation. Most concrete repairs are standard and
should be performed while the concrete is still green.
SECTION 6 - STRUCTURAL
6-1 Structural Construction should participate in the conceptual planning of all
structures, pipe-racks, and bridges to provide input into the
 Designer
/Contractor
practicality of pre assembly and erection techniques.
6-2 Structural Priorities on sequence of delivery of structural steel from vendor to
the field must follow erection sequence and the Engineer should

concentrate efforts toward design and release of drawings in Contractor
accordance with established priorities. Shop orders will parallel
priorities.
6-3 Structural For safety purposes during steel erection, the Design Engineer should
specify that seat angles be fabricated on all column webs having
 Contractor
through connections.
6-4 Structural All approved for construction design drawings transmitted to the field
should be full size (24" x 36") sepias. The title block on these

Contractor
drawings should be explicit and the drawing numbers legible, and
identifying name and number for each structure or pipe-rack. In

Action
to: Date
addition, each revision to these drawings should be subsequently
issued to the field at the time of transmittal to the fabricator.
6-5 Structural Use standard A 325 bolts.
 Contractor
6-6 Structural Use dipped Galvanized load indicating washers.
 Contractor
6-7 Structural Erection drawings should resemble the engineering design drawings
except for the following modifications:
 Contractor
The engineer's name should be completely eradicated and replaced
with the fabricator's standard log. Modify the original drawing Contractor
number or title by adding "E".
The fabricator must add to each erection drawing the specific shop
order involved and erection drawing number. The erection drawing
Contractor
number should be boldly displayed as "E-1 of E-6 through E-6 of 6:,
just as an example.
On the body of the drawing, the fabricator must boldly tag each
member and "highlight", as necessary, these erection numbers so that Contractor
all items are easy to identify.
6-8 Structural Each shop detail drawing from the steel fabricator should have a
listing of the piece marks and structural weights. Shop detail
 Contractor
drawings must be transmitted to the field with the erection drawings.
6-9 Structural Structural steel drawings issued to the field that require field
fabrication must be complete with all necessary shop details, bolt

placement list, bolting schedules, and bills of material Notes should Contractor
be clear on which items are to be field fabricated. Shop details will
be made by Engineering.


Action
to: Date
6-10 Structural The engineer should not issue the erection drawings to the field. It
should be the responsibility of each fabricator to supply the field with

the necessary (engineering approved) erection drawings. This should
be done in the form of three blue lines and one sepia of all erection Contractor
drawings. These drawings, along with a like number of shop detail
blue line prints and sepias, should be issued to the field prior to the
first shipment of any shop order of fabricated steel.
6-11 Structural Tagging procedures:
Put two (2) piece-marks on all fabricated steel.

Stencil each column 300mm from bottom end, beams 300mm from
east or south end, stair stringer and special item, place it best
available;
Stamped metal tags. Contractor
Both will be used to show the piece-mark number, the shop order
number, and the project number (or area number on multiple unit
projects). This tagging method should be used on all fabricated steel
items, including ladders and platforms. Tagging procedures will be
issued with the inquiry document.
6-12 Structural The delivery of fabricated steel to the galvanizer after fabrication and
to the construction site after galvanizing should be the responsibility
 Contractor
of the fabricator.
6-13 Structural Where possible standardize columns and load beams to eliminate
detail piece marking.
 Contractor
6-14 Structural All required fasteners for a shop order should be delivered prior to or
with the first delivery of that shop order, and should be accompanied

with a packing list giving a description, size, quantity, and proper Contractor
identification as to where they are to be used. No bolts will be
received in cardboard boxes.


Action
to: Date
6-15 Structural Vessel fabricator can be responsible for ladders and platforms for the
Vessel he fabricates if time permits. Field fit up problems can then

be back-charged to the Vessel fabricator. Delivery of Vessel ladders Contractor
and platforms should precede vessel delivery. Fast track projects
may want others to fabricate ladders and platforms.
6-16 Structural Design pipe-rack bridges spanning roadways to allow for clearances
for crane/rig access.
 Contractor
6-17 Structural Rework and back-charge procedures should be established prior to
issuance of a purchase order for steel fabrication.
 Contractor
6-18 Structural Handrails on elevated floors should be off set to provide sufficient
clearance for forming curbs or should be mounted on top of curbs
 Contractor
must follow specs.
6-19 Structural Stair stringers, treads, grating clips, and handrails should be shipped
with the related structural tiers to provide sequential access to
 Contractor
elevated tiers.
6-20 Structural Minimize all boxed in connections.
 Contractor
6-21 Structural Engineering should permit the use of cut pipe as an acceptable
alternate to banding for grating penetrations.
 Contractor
6-22 Structural Use self fasteners to tie down grating rather that 1/4" bolts with nuts.
 Contractor
6-23 Structural When shims are required for splices between columns, the Engineer
should designate on the drawings. These are to be provided by the
 Contractor
shop fabricator.
6-24 Structural Tack welding of checkered plate used for decking in buildings,
structures or for platforms is preferable to bolting.
 Contractor
6-25 Structural Field structural shop fabrication, if time and labor force permits. All
imbedded items. Selective engineering revisions (Discuss with
 Contractor
construction) Selective T supports and simple bents (ditto above) all

Action
to: Date
electrical and instrument supports, all shoes (other than those
installed by pipe fabricator) not a catalogue item.
6-26 Structural Design structural connections on fireproofed structures to allow the
bolt up requirement to be outside of the fireproofed area. Diagonal

bracing could be changed from back to back angles to WT shapes/tie Contractor
in iron by use of wing. plates with stiffener supports for intermediate
beams instead of conventional clip angles
6-27 Structural Use prefabricated L shaped steel plates installed with the structural
steel to eliminate field forming for exposed perimeter edges of
 Contractor
elevated floor slabs
6-28 Structural Specify "north, south, west or east" end of beams for piece mark
locations; this helps in orientation during erection.
 Contractor
6-29 Structural Avoid unnecessary use of unique connections in the design of
structural steel in an attempt to save a slight amount of structural
 Contractor
steel. Place 5/8" hole at 1/3 points in pipe.
6-30 Structural Design factory pre-punched 5/8" holes in structural steel columns and
pipe racks, 42" and 21" above floor levels so that safety cabling can

Contractor
be run easily on structural steel without welding nuts or washers onto
the columns.
6-31 Structural Incorporate bonus/penalties for maintaining schedule and priorities
into purchase order for shop fabricated structural steel during bid
 Contractor
negotiations.


Action
to: Date
6-32 Structural The floor framing system and metal decking for concrete floors must
be strong enough to carry not only normal dead loads and fluid

concrete, but additional dynamic loads, including those imposed by
concrete crews, equipment and impact of dropping concrete.
Depending on the placement size and method of placing, etc., these
Contractor
loads will vary from approximately 50 psf to 75 psf. Consideration
should be given to heavier decking or additional beams rather than
providing shoring. Additionally, the shoring is a hindrance to other
crafts working below. Structural steel beams should be designed to
carry these loads without shoring.
6-33 Structural Machined parts of interfacing components with tolerances in mils
(thousandths of an inch) that are bolted to structural steel should be

Contractor
designed to allow for tolerances on the structural steel which are
larger than that allowed on machined surfaces.
6-34 Structural Cross bracing should be bolted rather than field welded.
 Contractor
6-35 Structural When beams and girders are partially embedded in concrete floors,
allow enough clearance for embedded conduits and drains to pass

Contractor
over top of flange. Running pipes or conduits through holes in webs
of beams results in shorter spools, more fittings and field welds.
6-36 Structural When designing connections of structural steel and positioning
framing, check for interference from stiffeners, other members, etc. at

Contractor
that location. A minor change or repositioning can prevent costly and
annoying problems in the field
6-37 Structural Design and layout rigging beams with trolleys for early fabrication
and erection, preferably included in structural steel package.
 Contractor
6-38 Structural Define fireproofing requirements early so this can be accomplished
before equipment or material installation.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
6-39 Structural Coordinate architectural requirements with vendor where the whole
building skin is furnished by one party. This includes such items as

frames for louvers, vents, clips for siding grits and sag rods, etc., that
should be installed by the steel fabricator and be available at the site Contractor
during erection. Additionally, coordinate architectural requirements
of openings in concrete or masonry structures that may require bucks
or frames that should be included in the miscellaneous metal package.
6-40 Structural Use paint from only one manufacturer for structural steel, to avoid
problems of matching colors and assure compatibility of materials.
 Contractor
6-41 Structural Lifting safety for checker plate procure checker plate with a 3/8"
hole on one side. This is used as a lifting point for loading, unloading
 Contractor
and erection.
6-42 Structural Establish backup fabricator if primary fabricator has problems.
 Contractor
6-43 Structural Inspect holes in steel after galvanizing to insure reaming will not be
required at job site. Check also for buildup of galvanizing at splices
 Contractor
and matching faces.
6-44 Structural Set up shop visit to fabricator before steel is shipped to discuss
loading unloading of steel to insure steel will not be damaged during
 Contractor
shipment and can be safely unloaded.
6-45 Structural Reduce operations and maintenance platforms, use portable scaffold,
jib lifts or ladder in areas where it can be done safely.
 Contractor
6-46 Structural Delete monorails and hoists over equipment with low prediction of
use, when small crane can accomplish same task.
 Contractor
6-47 Structural Specify hole at top of all columns for the installation of lifting pin or
shackle use ¼" dia hole, 2" from top of steel.
 Contractor
6-48 Structural Use steel stair treads for all stairs.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
6-49 Structural Who buys tie-down (fraction bolts) for erecting equipment in steel?
Civil/Mechanical/Field
 Contractor
6-50 Structural Erection drawings must be forwarded to the construction site prior to
receipt of first steel shipment.
 Contractor
6-51 Structural Shipping Papers: Fabricated steel, including shipments from the
galvanizer, must be accompanied by a shipping list identifying each

Contractor
piece by piece-mark number/ship order number (or area number on
multiple unit projects) along with the weight of each piece.
6-52 Structural Shipping Papers: Fabricated steel from more that one shop order
should not be shipped together without prior approval from the
 Contractor
jobsite "color code" all steel.
6-53 Structural Segmental Structural assembly of structural steel minimizes exposure
to falls. Saves fall protection $$$ and "on foundation" erection time
 Contractor
is shorter.
6-54 Structural Utilize "Quarter Point" design when laying out stand-along bays with
vessels supported by structural steel. This makes heavy members

Contractor
very short and cantilevers the surrounding platforms with lightweight
members.
6-55 Structural When it is necessary to "beef up" existing horizontal steel for heavier
loading, steer away from adding wt shapes to bottom flange as most

conduit is attached in this location. Cost to move conduit can far
Contractor
exceed cost of steel installation. An alternative is to utilize plate that
would take up less space and could be slide between the existing steel
and conduits/piping.
6-56 Structural Design spacing of pipe bridge bends for the larger pipelines in the
bridge, then support the smaller lines off of the larger lines.
 Contractor
6-57 Structural When a large line (such as a Flare Header) along with numerous
smaller lines or conduit is run through a new pipe-bridge, use
 Contractor
maximum spacing for large line with smaller lines supported from

Action
to: Date
larger line and use single pole tee supports.
6-58 Structural When the design info is available, consider showing perimeter
lighting standard clips on structural steel drawings along with clips on
 Contractor
stair stringers for conduit.
6-59 Structural If heavy equipment is to be set through a new building structure, see
if key beams can be left out so that equipment can be drifted in rather
 Contractor
than lifted over.
6-60 Structural Specify "off the shelf" safety gates rather than fabricated specialty
items.
 Contractor
6-61 Structural Design handrails to bolt to steel so they can be erected before
concrete is poured. This will save money that is used for installing
 Contractor
temporary handrails.
SECTION 7 - EQUIPMENT
7-1 Equipmnt As early as possible, the Engineer should provide the following
information to formulate a Preliminary Master Rigging Plan:

· Major equipment list complete with dimensions and estimated
erection weights.
· Plot Plans showing equipment arrangement, access, structures
and other obstructions. Contractor
· Equipment arrangement and design drawings with center of
gravity locations.
· Proposed mode of transportation for major pieces of
equipment; i.e., water, rail, or highway, and delivery schedule.
7-2 Equipmnt The information in above item will enable the Project to establish the
following “Preliminary Decision”:
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
· Type of lift: i.e., two crane, gin pole etc.
· Type of lifting attachments; the engineer will design the
attachment.
· Elevation and orientation of lifting attachments.
· Engineered concrete which will be required such as gin poles
which require concrete foundation design. In many cases
incorporated in the design of the foundation for the process
equipment being erected.
· Anticipated geographic areas which will be put on “hold” with
respect to certain construction activities until the lift is complete.
7-3 Equipmnt In the event equipment locations are revised and other revisions
affecting rigging plans occur, it is of the utmost importance that the

flow of information between design and construction be executed
Contractor
expeditiously and that both parties are abreast of changes in rigging
planning. Without this close coordination substantially more
expenditures can be incurred in unusable rigging apparatus
7-4 Equipmnt During the rigging planning, consideration should be given to other
activities such as equipment insulation, structural platforms and

ladders, tray/internal installation, instrumentation, piping erection and Contractor
other work which can possibly be accomplished prior to final erection
of the piece of equipment, saving scaffolding and basket work.
7-5 Equipmnt Specify lifting lugs on horizontal vessels, when feasible, to allow
insulation & paint prior to installation.
 Contractor
7-6 Equipmnt Provide procedures for preventative maintenance for items in storage
prior to installation.
 Contractor
7-7 Equipmnt Engineering should work with construction to establish requirements
for vendor technical assistance for erection, startup, and run-in
 Engineering
/ Contractor
assistance, so that these requirements can be incorporated into the

Action
to: Date
formal purchase order.
7-8 Equipmnt Engineer will issue a complete lube oil and lubrication schedule prior
to arrival at the jobsite of the first rotating equipment.
 Contractor
7-9 Equipmnt Oil mist systems should be given high priorities so rotating
equipment can be run prior to mechanical and electrical completion
 Contractor
of required.
7-10 Equipmnt Maximize use of in-line pumps as process and specifications will
allow.
 Contractor
7-11 Equipmnt Correct bills of material and vendor drawings for equipment needed
in advance to determine if complete units are received. DETAILED
 Contractor
shipping lists WILL include gaskets, bolts, etc.
7-12 Equipmnt Provide field inspection criteria for all process equipment.
 Contractor
7-13 Equipmnt Provide shop installed insulation support rings on equipment.
 Contractor
7-14 Equipmnt Request lifting frames from vendors when vendor will need same.
When special lift beams for equipment or equipment components are

required for lifts such as for Condensers & Turbines, Engineering
Contractor
should specify and include in the bid specifications for the Supplier to
design and supply such items. They must precede shipment of the
related component.
7-15 Equipmnt Consider scheduling deliveries of weather
equipment/materials within reasonable periods of construction's
sensitive

Contractor
actual needs to minimize the maintenance and protection time
requirements.
7-16 Equipmnt Select equipment on the basis of installation costs as well as initial
purchase price.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
7-17 Equipmnt Engineering should expedite vendor operation, installation, and
maintenance manuals for package systems, pumps, compressors,

agitators, and all other rotating equipment so this information will be Contractor
in the field prior to receipt of the equipment.
7-18 Equipmnt Construction will provide Engineering information on pin clearances,
impact loading, shackles to be used, fleet angle on modules, and

inventory of lifting equipment. A review of the equipment lists shall Contractor
be done to determine all equipment and materials which will require a
lifting plan.
7-19 Equipmnt Provide sufficient clearance between insulation jacketing and
platforms, ladders, pipe guides, etc.
 Contractor
7-20 Equipmnt Pre-assemble stacks and high elevated equipment before setting. For
example, installing hand-railing, platforms, and painting of stacks
 Contractor
before setting. Stacks should be designed with flanged connections.
7-21 Equipmnt Buy major equipment skids such as turbines with lube oil systems
integrated as part of the skid so that oil flush can be done in the shop
 Contractor
before equipment is received in the field.
7-22 Equipmnt Equipment specifications must include all needed information in one
document. Do not refer vendors to general specs, insulation, painting
 Contractor
specs, etc.
7-23 Equipmnt Forward all vendor data available on the equipment to field as soon as
possible, but definitely prior to receipt of equipment.
 Contractor
7-24 Equipmnt When expansion due to temperature changes is expected on
mechanical equipment, the free end of the equipment support plate

Contractor
should be provided with a sliding base (or other equal device) to ride
on the support plate. Check Vertical growth for Pipe and Electrical.


Action
to: Date
7-25 Equipmnt When machine surfaces are involved as part of an item, welding after
machining must be kept to an absolute minimum on the item.

Welding causes warpage which is unacceptable on precise surfaces.
Contractor
In some instances, machining may be performed after welding.
Specify desired quality or grade of machined surface(s) on applicable
drawings. Also, indicate if machining is to be done after fabrication.
7-26 Equipmnt When referring to a code, be specific. Reference code, page,
paragraph section, etc. Reference to a total code as been a constant
 Contractor
source of problems.
7-27 Equipmnt Vendor prints made at the jobsite (and sometimes in the Home
Office) from sepias are frequently unreadable. Engineering should
 Contractor
check the quality of prints made from sepias to be sent to the field.
7-28 Equipmnt Perform a cost analysis before specifying carbon steel tanks with
interior coatings. Construction would prefer stainless steel or
 Contractor
aluminum.
7-29 Equipmnt Provide grounding lugs on all tanks and equipment for field
installation of grounding cables, most particularly anything with a

Contractor
lining. Orient equipment and lugs for embedded grounding
termination.
7-30 Equipmnt Processing equipment such as pumps, agitators, motors, etc. that are
to be stored outside, should be shipped with protective covering that

Contractor
will not deteriorate before it is to be installed. This would save time
and money.
7-31 Equipmnt Buying extensive spare parts is costly to a project. Consider a
partnering arrangement with equipment vendors, and place parts on
 Contractor
consignment. Buy only when needed.
7-32 Equipmnt Where feasible, design vessels to allow lifting by top nozzle.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
7-33 Equipmnt Where feasible, quotes shall be obtained for both field erection and
shop fabrication on vessels larger than 14' diameter. The method of

Contractor
fabrication that will optimize the overall project requirements shall
then be determined.
7-34 Equipmnt A "run-in" test shall be conducted on each air cooler package, in
order to minimize field adjustments.
 Contractor
7-35 Equipmnt Where feasible, insulation for shell and tube exchangers shall be
installed at fabricator's shop.
 Contractor
7-36 Equipmnt Heater vendors shall be required to furnish a detailed description

outlining the extent of shop assembly and the additional field work
 Contractor
which shall be required, with their bid proposals.
7-37 Equipmnt Rotating equipment shall be designed for packaging and preassembly,
to the maximum extent possible, whenever feasible.
 Contractor
7-38 Equipmnt Vendor furnished "packaged units" should provide job specific (as
per project specifications) instrumentation hardware and job specific

Contractor
identification and tagging requirements. Specification sheets should
be provided for the field to receive items in crates and on skids.
7-39 Equipmnt Pump assemblies shall be delivered with final coat of paint applied,
wherever feasible.
 Contractor
7-40 Equipmnt Pump assemblies shall include sufficient tagging on seal flush,
lubrication and cooling water connections to assist proper
 Contractor
installations.
7-41 Equipmnt All pump seal water requirements should be shown on separate pump
trim drawings, showing type of service connection requirements,
 Contractor
instrumentation (FI, PI), and valving.
7-42 Equipmnt Rotating equipment outline drawings shall include full arrangement
details, dimensioning, weights, anchor bolt locations, nozzle and pipe
 Contractor
locations and sizes, utility and service connections and lift locations.


Action
to: Date
7-43 Equipmnt All rotating equipment will be delivered with complete
installation/operation/maintenance manuals, plus a separate copy
 Contractor
from Engineering.
7-44 Equipmnt Major rotating equipment and vessel outline drawings will locate
center of gravity of complete assembly.
 Contractor
7-45 Equipmnt Where applicable, rotating equipment base-plates shall be prepared
for grouting. Grouting preparation shall be compatible with grouting
 Contractor
system to be utilized by Constructor.
7-46 Equipmnt Vessel fabricator should be responsible for ladders and platforms for
the vessel he fabricates. If he fabricates the ladders and platforms,

crucial parts may require test before galvanizing. If the ladders and
platforms are fabricated by others, he shall be responsible for
Contractor
ensuring that the vessel design and layout will accommodate the
ladder and platform design. Field fit-up problems will be back-
charged to the vessel fabricator or platform fabricator. Delivery of
vessels and platforms should coincide with vessel delivery.
7-47 Equipmnt If feasible, large vessels will be furnished with hard templates in
order to allow for anchor bolt location verification prior to lifting. If
 Contractor
template can be at site prior to concrete placement.
7-48 Equipmnt Specify all tanks, vessels, columns to come with a spare set of gaskets
from vendor.
 Contractor
7-49 Equipmnt Where any equipment is close coupled to the vessel, ensure that bolts
and gaskets (including spares) are supplied by vessel fabricator.
 Contractor
7-50 Equipmnt When preparing the specifications for a project or complex contract,
the general spec should be the only section that contains any

commonality for the other sections. This includes climatic
Contractor
conditions, approvals, applicable codes, inspection/testing, painting,
substitutions, guarantees of performance, etc. This minimizes the
size of the overall specification.

Action
to: Date
7-51 Equipmnt On columns - standardized rectangular platform rather than circular
platforms should be considered where all of the platforms could be

lined up vertically on one side of the column. This allows for Contractor
significantly less expensive fabrication and provides space for
vertical lines between column and platforms.
7-52 Equipmnt Consider having small diameter vessels with trays that slide
assembled into the vessel through the top flange, installed in the
 Contractor
vessel fabricator's shop.
7-53 Equipmnt Vessels with support bolting to steel should be designed for 1"shims,
and then field drilled for anchoring.
 Contractor
7-54 Equipmnt The design of nozzles and other appurtenances on vertical vessels
need to be considered for lowering vessel through structural steel.
 Contractor
7-55 Equipmnt If start-up screens are temporary, then align pumps without screens.
If screens are permanent, then align pump with screen.
 Contractor
7-56 Equipmnt When vessels are for storage only, vertical skirt mounting requires
less space and should be less total installed cost.
 Contractor
7-57 Equipmnt Nozzles on vessels should be kept to a minimum by utilizing bridle
for instrumentation and by multiple use of other nozzles when
 Contractor
practical.
7-58 Equipmnt Vents and drains can be on connecting piping rather than dedicated
nozzles on the vessel.
 Contractor
7-59 Equipmnt Provide shop installed insulation support rings on equipment. Special
rings are required on domed heads. This is to include installation of

clips and rings required for all fireproofing and insulation in vessel
fabricator's scope of work. Check if these attachments are required Contractor
on inside and outside of skirt and bottom head. Construction should
review insulation support ring detail prior to final approval of vendor
drawings.


Action
to: Date
7-60 Equipmnt Consult with vendors to ensure complete understanding of the full
impact of design changes prior to implementing changes.
 Contractor
7-61 Equipmnt Provide vessel fabricator with a transport loading diagram that
corresponds with the contractors lift plan. Ensure that vendor follows
 Contractor
that plan.
7-62 Equipmnt Ensure vendor provides vessel weights including bare empty vessel
weight, erected vessel weight, full operating vessel weight, full water
 Contractor
weight and total lifting weight and note this on the vendor drawing.
7-63 Equipmnt Identify which discipline is responsible for miscellaneous bolting
such as equipment hold down bolts on elevated equipment.
 Contractor
7-64 Equipmnt Inquire equipment by priority sequence, to maintain downstream
continuity of work. Although it may require more work for a single

Contractor
discipline to issue multiple inquiries for similar equipment, the
overall project will benefit.
7-65 Equipmnt Note any media loading with fill dimensions, and any special loading
techniques required, on drawings.
 Contractor
7-66 Equipmnt List the vessel purchase order numbers on the vessel drawing.
 Contractor
7-67 Equipmnt Order extra tray and man-way hardware with columns.
 Contractor
7-68 Equipmnt Where any equipment is close-coupled to the vessel, ensure that bolts
and gaskets (including spares) are supplied by vessel fabricator.
 Contractor
7-69 Equipmnt All vessels, exchangers, drums, etc., that are fabricated in shops need
to be marked with a north arrow for orientation on both the drawing

Contractor
and the piece of equipment. This saves time and reduces chances for
mistakes. Also include markings designating center of gravity.
7-70 Equipmnt Paint any temporary shipping braces yellow. Indicate on drawing
"Do not remove Until Set on Foundation" if necessary.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
7-71 Equipmnt Have large pieces of equipment weighed when transported to verify
calculated weight prior to setting. The constructor must be informed
 Contractor
of this actual weight for lift planning.
7-72 Equipmnt Shop inspection program must include provisions that ensure
specifications for surface preparation and coating requirements have
 Contractor
been met.
7-73 Equipmnt Review the erection sequencing of furnaces with construction and
develop a plan.
 Contractor
7-74 Equipmnt Provide note on drawings if any long term preservation is required.
Engineering to prepare log.
 Contractor
7-75 Equipmnt In some cases insulated towers do not need painting except for
bottom 3' and around appurtenances. Follow specs.
 Contractor
7-76 Equipmnt Air coolers should be shipped fully assembled, if possible.
 Contractor
7-77 Equipmnt Where vendors supply associated structural steel, ensure that steel,
bolts, and erection drawings are specified to arrive on site with or
 Contractor
ahead of the air coolers. Especially that needed to set the coolers.
7-78 Equipmnt Small or stacked exchangers should be shipped already bolted
together.
 Contractor
7-79 Equipmnt Review location of all field welds in furnaces to:
 Contractor
a) Minimize dissimilar material welds. Contractor
b) Supply pieces with flexibility to trim, etc. Contractor
c) Design with physical clearances to do the job. Contractor
d) Provide access platforms where possible. Contractor
e) Minimize "allow verification" welds. Contractor


Action
to: Date
7-80 Equipmnt If pump/compressor drivers are supplied on separate P.O.'s, they
should be sent to the pump/compressor vendors for factory mounting

on the support frame/base plate. Pumps shall be mounted on base- Contractor
plates complete with drivers, required harness piping and coupling
guards.
7-81 Equipmnt Vessel nozzles on top of drums, towers, etc., must have a flange
elevation which is above the grating toe plate of the access platform.

Contractor
This allows for installing and removing of slip blinds and also bolting
of flanges.
7-82 Equipmnt Tie-ins should be well defined on vendor drawings. Who provides
junction boxes, terminal strips, cable lugs, piping, etc.?
 Contractor
7-83 Equipmnt Avoid ladders for access to equipment maintenance areas. This
improves safety during construction and operation. Some additional
 Contractor
space, however, may be required for stairs.
7-84 Equipmnt Design vessels and their associated fixtures in a way that minimizes
the number of vessel skirts that require fireproofing on the inside. For

Contractor
example, inside fireproofing may be omitted if there is only opening
in the skirt.
7-85 Equipmnt Emphasize installation details such as tolerances, elevations,
centerlines with respect to the grid system, sequence of installation

Contractor
and special clearances and call them out on the engineering
documents.
7-86 Equipmnt Have construction, review the degree of prefabrication for vendor
supplied piping. Spooling of pipe 2 inches and smaller may be
 Contractor
desirable on certain cases.
7-87 Equipmnt When heater-insulated wall panels are preassembled, attach a lifting
beam to facilitate erection. If the top structural member of these

Contractor
panels is designed for this purpose as well, panel erection will
proceed more quickly.

Action
to: Date
7-88 Equipmnt For thin-walled vessels, have the construction rigging engineer advise
engineering on lifting points so that stiffeners or additional
 Contractor
reinforcing are added.
7-89 Equipmnt Consider requiring the vessel fabricator to fabricate two identical
anchor bolt templates: one to fabricate the vessel base and the other
 Contractor
shipped to the field for correct positioning of the anchor bolts.
7-90 Equipmnt Evaluate whether the vessels should be dressed at the jobsite or in the
vessel fabricator's shop. If done in a shop, consider the procurement
 Contractor
responsibility and related schedule impact.
SECTION 8 - PIPING
8-1 Piping Priorities for offsite shop fabricated piping will be established by
construction within the restraints of vendor information.
 Contractor
8-2 Piping Provide specifications for preventative maintenance and storage
requirements of specialty items.
 Contractor
8-3 Piping Provide early issues of types of metals/alloys to be utilized to enable
construction to establish the respective approved welding procedures
 Contractor
prior to the start of welder testing qualification.
8-4 Piping Engineer should provide pipe-rack "stuffing drawings" in accordance
with pipe-rack erection schedules.
 Contractor
8-5 Piping Engineering should provide specifications and criteria for
nondestructive examination requirements, (radiography, Liquid
 Engineering
/ Contractor
Penetrant, etc.) with construction input.
8-6 Piping Provide early definition of chemical cleaning requirements, i.e.,
specifications to be used, valves required, lines, etc.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-7 Piping Design engineering should furnish routing schematics for cooling,
seal, lube, piping, etc.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-8 Piping Line list should include line size, pipe spec, as well as:
 Engineering

Action
to: Date
/ Contractor
Insulation Requirements (thickness and type) Engineering
/ Contractor
Paint System Engineering
/ Contractor
Steam Tracers Requirements Engineering
/ Contractor
Test Pressure Reference Engineering
/ Contractor
Test Pressure Medium Engineering
/ Contractor
P&ID Reference Engineering
/ Contractor
System Reference Engineering
/ Contractor
To and From Reference Engineering
/ Contractor
8-9 Piping Piping isometrics and orthographics should show all vents and drains
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-10 Piping Piping shoes, trunnions and dummy legs should be installed on shop
fabricated spools by the fabricator and should have slots for
 Engineering
insulation banding, if required. / Contractor
8-11 Piping Isometrics will be drawn for all piping, including elevation changes,
direction changes, and expansion loops. Such ISO will be fully
 Engineering
/ Contractor
dimensioned and include B.O.M. on ISO.
8-12 Piping Where pipelines cross permanent roads and crane access-ways around
buildings, assure design incorporates structural protection to support
 Contractor
the heaviest cranes routinely used. Heavier cranes can be matted.

Action
to: Date
8-13 Piping All isometrics should have a detailed bill of material. Such bill of
material should differentiate between shop fabrication and field
 Engineering
/ Contractor
erection. The bill of material will be printed on the ISO.
8-14 Piping All isometrics should have the following call outs:

Post weld heat treatment
Boiler coded work and limits
100% x-ray requirements
Engineering
Bi-metal welds noted
/ Contractor
Gussets or special bracing (as required)
Vent hole drilling in reinforcing pad
Paint and insulation requirements
Cold spring specs per location (as required)
8-15 Piping All engineering supports and hangers should be located with
coordinates and elevations and clearly identified by tag and/or
 Engineering
/ Contractor
catalogue number on isometrics and/or orthographics.
8-16 Piping Spool piece numbers to be shown by the engineers on ISO's.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-17 Piping Isometrics should be made for vessel trim and issued as early as
possible.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-18 Piping Isometrics should clearly denote insulation limits for personnel
protection, acoustical, and insulation spec break points.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-19 Piping All branch connections should stop at the header for shop fabrication.
Laterals utilizing weld in tees or weld-o-lets should have such fitting

welded to lateral spool and not to header. Branch connections should
Contractor
be made utilizing saddle welds, where allowed by specification, in the
shop. On smaller size headers use welded tees because of weld
distortion if allowed.

Action
to: Date
8-20 Piping Provide Isometric issue forecast curve.
 Contractor
8-21 Piping Preliminary material takeoffs should include non-engineered pipe
supports (shoes, guides, anchors, etc.)
 Contractor
8-22 Piping Color coding (longitudinal striping) should be used for bulk piping
for identifying material type.
 Contractor
8-23 Piping Area color coding (circumferential striping) should be used for shop
fabricated spools and should be shown on each isometric.
 Contractor
8-24 Piping Construction will estimate criteria with engineering for location of all
field welds on fabricated piping unless dictated by design restraints or

Engineering
located by design engineer for offsite shop fabrication. Construction
/ Contractor
and engineering shall review field weld locations at all rotating
equipment on shop fabricated piping.
8-25 Piping Field run piping will be shown on ISO's as a dotted line.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-26 Piping Engineer to provide pressure test diagrams to be consistent with
system turnover:

Test pressure reference number
Engineering
Items to be removed for pressure test / Contractor
Test Medium
Blind and/or isolation requirement and specific identification number.
8-27 Piping Early vessel dress-out ISO's will be developed to facilitate dressing
out of vessel and columns, laying horizontal. All pipe 2" and larger
 Engineering
/ Contractor
will be targets of opportunities.
8-28 Piping Valve handle orientations should be shown on the isometrics
/orthographics if handle is to be anything other than "with the run".
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-29 Piping If any coded work is required on the project, all piping bulks should
be purchased with "mill test" papers.
 Engineering
/ Contractor

Action
to: Date
8-30 Piping Utilize maximum-minimum system for small bore field run piping
materials.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-31 Piping Detail all pipe penetrating slabs, so field welds occur above floor
levels and can be made without using scaffolding.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-32 Piping Provide isometrics for all drain piping.
penetrating metal deck.
Add floor drains after
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-33 Piping Expansion joints for rack piping runs should be nested together in a
common location. This allows several joints to be supported at a
 Engineering
common point, thus, reduces the likelihood of physical interferences / Contractor
in the pipe racks.
8-34 Piping Minimize the gap between the issuance of revised flow-sheets and the
issuance of revised ISO's and orthographics.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-35 Piping Engineering should perform isometric / P&ID consistency check for
valves.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-36 Piping Engineering should establish clear corridors on piping and electrical
design drawings for fire protection piping and sprinklers.
 Engineering
/ Contractor
8-37 Piping Vendor supplied piping should be shown on isometrics or
orthographics and identified according to vendor piece-marks.
 Contractor
8-38 Piping Special cradles or stiffeners on fabricated pipe should be fabricator's
responsibility.
 Contractor
8-39 Piping Pipe clearances between pipe, structural members, equipment, etc.
should be sufficient to avoid field trimming of insulation.
 Contractor
8-40 Piping Steam trace isometrics should have dimensions as well as coordinates
to facilitate shop fabrication.
 Contractor
8-41 Piping Pre-insulated tubing is preferable to hard insulated piping for steam
tracing supply and return lines.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
8-42 Piping Engineering should provide the steam tracing requirements on
P&ID's. A steam tracing index will be generated designating steam
 Engineering
supply and trap stations as being either a process station or / Contractor
winterization station.
8-43 Piping Design and order valves early to preclude continuing problems of late
deliveries and negative construction impact.
 Contractor
8-44 Piping Valves with welding ends and soft seats or internals that can be
damaged or destroyed by field welding should be provided with 6-
 Contractor
inch nipples attached by the vendor.
8-45 Piping Original isometrics of small pipe, after being prepared by project
design, should be maintained at the jobsite to facilitate revisions

Contractor
(especially ASME piping). Jobsite authority should be provided
regarding changes and modifications.
8-46 Piping Design should review vendor equipment drawings, where equipment
piping interfaces with designed piping systems, to assure

Designer /
compatibility of interface welds or connections. Items to be
Contractor
considered are pipe diameter, schedule, material and location of
connection.
8-47 Piping Vendors who supply hangers, valves, spools, and other components
should be selected by reason of their proven ability to meet required

schedules and fabrication accuracy rather than solely on a price basis. Contractor
Delivery delays and rework are becoming increasingly costly in the
field and in most instances, exceed the low bid "savings".
8-48 Piping To provide proper spacing between piping and components,
insulation requirements on large and small piping must be considered
 Designer /
Contractor
when preparing piping layout drawings and isometrics.
8-49 Piping Use adjustable hanger supports and restraints wherever possible.
Standardize material used in hanger fabrication to reduce storage and
 Designer /
Contractor
inventory difficulties.

Action
to: Date
8-50 Piping Particular attention should be taken in detailing weld symbols on
hanger details. Show necessary welds that are accessible and proper
 Designer /
Contractor
size for material being welded. Avoid "all around" welds.
8-51 Piping Hanger components that do not require major field assembly/ welding
will have the appropriate coating system applied in the shop. This is

Contractor
particularly important for such items as snubbers, spring cans or
struts.
8-52 Piping Permanent hangers and supports should be designed and fabricated
early. These and all associated materials should be delivered prior to

designer /
or with arrival of pipe spools. This must include valves, nuts, bolts
Contractor
and gaskets. These should be on hand, to permit sequential
installation of piping systems.
8-53 Piping To help reduce conflicts at shop inspections and at final acceptance,
design engineering should closely review the welding and Non-

destructive Examination requirements that are imposed on vendor
supplied components for compatibility and feasibility with project's designer /
welding and NDE Standards. Vendors should be given explicit Contractor
instructions regarding tests and documentation and whether approval
will be subject to review by design engineering. Requirements
should refer to specific sections of applicable codes.
8-54 Piping Almost every project seems to have a problem with bolting
requirements. Standardize the requirements as specifications are

Contractor
developed. Look very closely at flange torqueing procedures for hot
piping and high pressure piping.
8-55 Piping Do not flange rate piping, this increases stress analysis requirement.
 Contractor
8-56 Piping Buy level bridles assembled.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
8-57 Piping Take a hard look at new technology in piping to eliminate welding,
e.g.: (1) Lock-ring Fittings and (2) Victaulic (Press fittings). Both
 Contractor
new products to mechanically join pipe.
8-58 Piping Standardize and preassemble piping sub-assemblies for vents, drains,
pressure gauges, orifice taps, steam tracing manifolds, steam traps,

Contractor
control valves, PRV's, utility stations, eyewash stations, pumps and
sample connections. Indicate on isometrics.
8-59 Piping Do not lay out pipe racks next to roads as this will eliminate one side
of the rack for equipment placement and will force the use of spur
 Contractor
pipe racks.
8-60 Piping Design to maximize preassembly.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-61 Piping Cross reference drawings between disciplines. Appropriate cross
references save more hours in the field than those required to
 Designer /
incorporate reference on drawings. Suggest using the same scale for Contractor
all disciplines.
8-62 Piping Need flex drawings for RTP systems.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-63 Piping Do not paint screwed plug in high point and low point vent. Add
note to shop fabrication spec.
 Contractor
8-64 Piping Add P.O. number (if available) to specialty items list.
 Contractor
8-65 Piping When allowed by pipe code and area preferences, cold bending of
piping and lapped flanges should be utilized when the fabrication
 Contractor
facilities are available.
8-66 Piping Buy pipe hangers and supports with high density insulation as a
component part for insulated lines if load spreading is possible.
 Contractor
8-67 Piping At full port control valve stations with block valves on both sides and
a bypass line, position the pipe reducers so that the block valves are
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
the same size as control valve rather than header size.
8-68 Piping When required, grinding of internal weld of weld neck orifice flanges
should be indicated on pipe ISO.
 Contractor
8-69 Piping The suction and discharge valves on pumps should be same size as
the pump flanges. Position reducers on opposite side of valves from
 Contractor
the pump.
8-70 Piping All blind flanges, plugs, drilled and tapped flanges should be shown
on pipe ISO's.
 Contractor
8-71 Piping Consider pipe racks at ground level rather than overhead.
 Contractor
8-72 Piping When designing an above ground line attaching to underground
headers, consider adding a bypass valve below the guard valve for
 Designer /
Contractor
recirculation. Evaluate whether the additional cost is justified.
8-73 Piping Do not leave "over lengths" for field fit up unless specialty pipe, i.e.,
refractory lined.
 Contractor
8-74 Piping Stops on spring hangers should be pulled just before turnover and set
to operating load by commissioning.
 Contractor
8-75 Piping Indicate any slope requirements on pipe drawing.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-76 Piping Some check valves only work in one orientation. Understand this
when designing.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-77 Piping Check closely location of check valves at compressor and pumps.
Reduce back spend by having check valve as close as possible to
 Designer /
Contractor
compressor/pump discharge.
8-78 Piping Design should specify on P&I when acid flange guards are required.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-79 Piping Service test all non-critical lines.
 Contractor

Action
to: Date
8-80 Piping Ball valves should be purchased with built-in locking devices for
locking in either the open or closed position (per OSHA regulations).
 Contractor
8-81 Piping Maximize manufacturers' standards for valves and pipe supports, etc.
 Contractor
8-82 Piping Develop sequential turnovers by system.
 Contractor
8-83 Piping Verify grounding and cathodic protection requirements early and
show on affected ISO's.
 Contractor
8-84 Piping Cinch anchor adjustable supports directly to the slab.
 Contractor
8-85 Piping Use turnbuckles in rod hangers to the maximum extent possible.
 Contractor
8-86 Piping On P&ID's, piping plans and ISO's label all equipment nozzles,
including those on package equipment, with the package equipment
 Designer /
vendor designations. Contractor
8-87 Piping Review the use of adjustable trunnion supports. Adjustable vertical
trunnions are the company standard at grade (to account for sloping
 Contractor
paving) and in structures (to allow for erection tolerances).
8-88 Piping Specify double random length pipe for bulk purchase.
 Contractor
8-89 Piping Standardize color code on gaskets. Put color code requirements in
gasket requisition.
 Contractor
8-90 Piping Review routing of cooling water, seal oil and oil mist piping around
pumps and compressors to accommodate maintenance requirements.
 Contractor
8-91 Piping Maximize the number of piping systems which can be service tested
by keeping the design conditions within the allowable limits for
 Contractor
service testing.
8-92 Piping Required systems sequence for turnover.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
8-93 Piping Commit to agreed sequencing for spool fabrication and delivery.
 Contractor
8-94 Piping Check the cost economics of reducing the size of block valves and
pumps. If there are no cost savings with these reduction, leave valves
 Designer /
Contractor
or pumps the same size as the line.
8-95 Piping Have engineering identify the need for temporary strainers and order
if necessary.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-96 Piping Check into pipe bending technology.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-97 Piping Early release of pipe hanger and support drawings-assure tight
tolerance requirements can be met.
 Designer /
Contractor
8-98 Piping If 304/311 stainless pipe is to be shop fabricated, early release of pipe
support drainage and procurement will facilitate welded supports
 Contractor
installation in the shop.
8-99 Piping For carbon and low alloy pipe, consider specifying only a single type
of nipple. Specifying more than one type has in the past caused
 designer /
Contractor
confusion and wasted time.
8-100 Piping Include in the preliminary material takeoffs the non engineered pipe
supports (shoes, guides and anchors, etc.)
 Contractor
8-101 Piping Consider field run piping on ISO's (in addition to P&ID's).
 Contractor
8-102 Piping Incorporate in the TQM a statistical sampling plan for verifying the
accuracy of piping ISO's.
 Contractor
8-103 Piping Consider checking all equipment flanges against the isometrics at the
conclusion of isometrics.
 Contractor
SECTION 9 - ELECTRICAL
9-1 Electrical Standardize designs where possible.
 Designer /
Contractor

Action
to: Date
9-2 Electrical Underground electrical plan drawings should show the location and
elevations of all conduits, cables, ducts, etc., and also any u/g piping
 Contractor
crossing these u/g ducts. Make every effort to flag individual cases.
9-3 Electrical Design embedded floor channel for supporting switchgear (in
buildings) flush and level with top of floor to permit easy installation
 Designer /
Contractor
and removal of breakers.
9-4 Electrical Ground drawings should be issued before or in conjunction with civil
drawings.
 Designer /
Contractor
9-5 Electrical Slightly slope foundations for outside switchgear so that water will
not pond around the gear.
 Contractor
9-6 Electrical Engineering must establish requirements for electrical testing, hi-pot,
relay testing, megger inputs, etc., so that if necessary a subcontract
 Designer
can be let for this specialized service.
9-7 Electrical Engineering should complete all design calculations for the high and
low voltage relay settings.
 Designer
9-8 Electrical For installation of grounding wire in substation buildings,
specifications should permit installation of conduit for grounding

wire under the slab with slab penetration inside the building flush Contractor
with top of slab; the other end of the conduit should penetrate the
grade beam just below finished grade.
9-9 Electrical Conduit stub-ups under raised floors or in termination rooms for
instrument wiring should be located near doors when possible to

Contractor
make wire pulling less costly. Avoid stub ups directly under
equipment if possible.
9-10 Electrical Specify heat shrink or pre-molded stress relief devices for medium
voltage cable termination.
 Designer/
contractor
9-11 Electrical Review drawings to eliminate multiple runs of conduit by
replacement with an equivalent tray and improve sequencing.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
9-12 Electrical Conduit connections to equipment should be flexible as opposed to
rigid. Rigid conduit is difficult to align prior to equipment

Contractor
installation and requires more labor and material than flexible conduit
to make connections.
9-13 Electrical Group elevated cable junctions in as few places as possible to
minimize scaffolding needs.
 Contractor
9-14 Electrical When possible, design high voltage electrical lines underground to
minimize crane contact and other fatal shock hazards.
 Contractor
9-15 Electrical Portions of work which can be pushed ahead to relieve later peaking
of critical crafts should be identified/scheduled.
 Contractor
9-16 Electrical Close interface between client and contractor personnel will be
maintained through construction, thereby ensuring consistency
 Contractor/
Clinet
throughout the various new and modified process units.
9-17 Electrical Follow the project to the field. Key design engineering personnel
will be made available to be resident at the site to assist with

Contractor
questions of design intent and to help out during pre-
commissioning/loop checkout.
9-18 Electrical Long lead-time delivery items shall be purchased as soon as possible
to support the construction schedule.
 Contractor
9-19 Electrical The types of bulk materials shall be standardized to reduce the
number of different sizes and/or materials. This will assist the

Contractor
construction contractor by having fewer deliverables to monitor and
eventually issue to construction force.
9-20 Electrical The use of galvanized "unistrut" rather than using structural steel
supports and brackets smaller than 2 inch in section shall be
 Contractor
maximized.
9-21 Electrical Long run multi-pair cable will be identified on the individual spools
when they are shipped.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
9-22 Electrical Electrical cable pulling locations for access of equipment for banking
of cable spools, for downhill pulls, etc. shall be carefully planned as
 Contractor
cable tray drawings are developed.
9-23 Electrical A simple and logical wire marking system which also can be used
during construction for quantity control shall be developed.
 Contractor
9-24 Electrical If possible, FTA's are to be shipped to the vendor shop for
marshalling panels. I/O lining cables with plug-in connectors at both
 Contractor
ends will be provided to facilitate the cable installation.
9-25 Electrical Pre-commissioning/loop check guidelines and requirements will be
developed up front so that proper documentation can be developed to
 Contractor
support the field activities.
9-26 Electrical Vendor skids must comply with NEC code requirements clearly.
Vendor skids should be inspected by Electrical Field Engineer prior

Contractor
to leaving shop. Most electrical rework in the field is associated with
skids.
9-27 Electrical Motor connection boxes should be large enough for bulky
terminations, including stress relief devices. Indicate specific sizes

on purchase requisitions rather than accepting standard NEMA sizes. Contractor
Engineering to furnish elbow connections and bushings according to
cable diameters.
9-28 Electrical Consider vendor pre-wiring and connecting solenoids and limit
switches on pneumatic valves to a terminal box located on the valve.

Be sure adequate room is available in the terminal box to Contractor
conveniently connect the field cables and for the proper maintenance
of limit switches and other devices that may be in the same enclosure.
9-29 Electrical Provide adequate space in all cabinets, switchgear, etc., to allow for
proper field installation of jacketed cable. Do not use plastic
 Contractor
wireways for field run cable.
9-30 Electrical Do not use three tube fluorescent fixtures. They are more expensive
 Contractor

Action
to: Date
and more difficult to obtain than four tube fixtures.
9-31 Electrical Stacked cable trays will be used in the pipe racks.
 Contractor
9-32 Electrical Provide specific grounding instructions for shielded instrumentation
cables. It is important that any isolated grounds for the above be

Contractor
identified during the Civil portion of construction so conduit can be
placed through walls and floors.
9-33 Electrical When practical, design manholes with embedded unistrut, lifting
lugs, pull eyes, personal ladders and drainage sumps.
 Contractor
9-34 Electrical Consider the use of shrink sleeves for 600 volt control cable splices
as authorized by design group.
 Contractor
9-35 Electrical Specify coding of individual conductors by different colors of
insulation for control cables rather than identifying conductors with
 Contractor
numbers or letters on the same color insulation.
9-36 Electrical Cable number will be shown on schematic drawings.
 Contractor
9-37 Electrical Place power and control in same conduit to small motor operated
valves. Do same for small motors that have instruments located on
 Contractor
them.
9-38 Electrical Show conduit sizes on drawings. (LTG. & POWER DRAWINGS)
 Contractor
9-39 Electrical Electrical drawings should reference Civil drawings that detail
appurtenances (supports, block outs, embeds, etc.) to accommodate
 Contractor
electrical components.


Action
to: Date
9-40 Electrical Electrical and instrument design should be simple and standardized,
i.e., install cable trays on the top of pipe racks from the control room

and MCC rooms to the field. Separate all cable trays by power and
signals. Install conduit drop outs from the bottom side of cable trays
to area J boxes. J boxes should be separated by power and signal. Contractor
Install color coded multi conductor cable L from control and rack
rooms to field J boxes via pre-assigned cable tray systems. Pull
single pair cables from J boxes through the assigned trays to field
devices and conduits installed from cable trays to the devices.
9-41 Electrical There should always be a minimum of 4 ft. head room under
computer floors, 6 ft. if available.
 Contractor
9-42 Electrical All instrument grounding and computer grounding must be connected
to an isolated ground system. The electrical system grounds to a

Contractor
common ground grid. By using this concept you will give quality
and greater savings to design and installation.
9-43 Electrical Do not utilize block diagrams for installation by themselves. They
always require layout drawings, schematics and wiring diagrams to
 Contractor
back them up.
9-44 Electrical Engineering should ensure that the purchase orders include the cable
reel numbers from the pull schedule so that the reels will be properly
 Contractor
marked when received.
9-45 Electrical All material bought for special installations should be referenced to
the drawing and the drawing referenced to the correct BOM.
 Contractor
9-46 Electrical All cable tray horizontal fitting installations require proper support on
each side of the fitting. This is commonly left off the structural
 Contractor
design.
9-47 Electrical All layout drawings should depict any removable grating, swing steel
or removable handrails and piping so that all other crafts' installations
 Contractor
will facilitate them.

Action
to: Date
9-48 Electrical Engineering shall insure that all control system interlock information
is utilized on all schematics and referenced as required.
 Contractor
9-49 Electrical All special NAMEPLATE requirements should be specified up-front
to eliminate rework after installation.
 Contractor
9-50 Electrical Cable schedules should have to/from routing, cut length schedules for
power cables, cable number, MED. VOLTAGE CABLE, reel

Contractor
numbers, SYSTEM TURN-OVER NUMBER and a layout reference
drawing number.
9-51 Electrical Use computer system to communicate cable information to permit
automatic information formatting by need.
 Contractor
9-52 Electrical Switchgear vendor to furnish cable lugs to match the buss or
connection drilling.
 Contractor
9-53 Electrical Overhead cable trays are preferred over underground
raceways/conduits as they offer more flexibility for future additions.
 Contractor
9-54 Electrical Use P & W cable tray for fault return ground instead of ground wires.
 Contractor
9-55 Electrical Use discontinuous trays with drop-outs instead of off-sets whenever
there is not a concern about fault return grounding through the cable
 Contractor
tray. Use aluminum shields on dropouts to protect cabling.
9-56 Electrical Design should specify on tray drawings where cable tray covers are
required.
 Contractor
9-57 Electrical Avoid installing cable tray directly over the top of electrical
equipment inside substation. An offset may be required for cable
 Contractor
access and dropouts.
9-58 Electrical Design adequate support for cable tray that is hung in a substation,
control room or any location where tray loading may exceed the
 Contractor
normal.
9-59 Electrical Conduit plan drawings must show type of cable entry into unit, panel
or marshalling cabinets.  Contractor

Action
to: Date
9-60 Electrical All engineering purchased tagged equipment such as control panels,
lighting/power panels and junction boxes shall be purchased with

Contractor
identification tags attached. This will aid in material control and field
erection.
9-61 Electrical Vendor will comply with specifications for marking terminal blocks.
This continues to be a source of excessive field rework man-hours.
 Contractor
9-62 Electrical Conduit support racks are very beneficial as they organize the area
under the rack to allow the electrical subcontractor designated space
 Contractor
without interference of other disciplines.
9-63 Electrical Include excavation, backfill and trenching specs in the Electrical and
Instrumentation scope subcontract packages, as required.
 Contractor
9-64 Electrical Provide welding criteria and standards for instrument and electrical
subcontract scope. Their welders must meet all plant general welding
 Contractor
requirements.
9-65 Electrical Note requirements for conduit bends at periodic distances on vessels
to allow for both expansion and contraction of the conduit and the
 Contractor
vessel at operation temperature.
9-66 Electrical Ensure that cathodic protection requirements have been addressed
prior to issuing underground piping drawings.
 Contractor
9-67 Electrical Identify requirements for aircraft warning lights early. Get mounting
plates, etc. for aircraft warning lights incorporated into

Contractor
vessel/structure design. Include installation of aircraft warning lights
in tower/vessel early dress-out.
9-68 Electrical Clearly define hazardous area boundaries on power, lighting and
instrument wiring drawings.
 Contractor
9-69 Electrical Investigate use of embedded conduit in elevated slabs for lighting to
eliminate bends at beams and girders and to avoid work being done
 Contractor
from below using scaffolds.

Action
to: Date
9-70 Electrical Investigate use of inexpensive PVC conduit for embedded runs.
 Contractor
9-71 Electrical Verify SS extension does not violate L.P. standards.
 Contractor
SECTION 10 - INSTRUMENTATION
10-1 Instrum-
entation
Vendor furnished "package units" should provide job specific (as per
design engineer spec) instrumentation hardware and job specific

identification and tagging requirements. Specification sheets should Contractor
be provided for the field to receive and check items received in crates
and on skids.
10-2 Inst. The instrument index should consist of:
System Turned Over
 Contractor
Contractor
Instrument number Contractor
Specification ref Contractor
Location of device Contractor
P&ID ref Contractor
Piping drawing ref Contractor
Device type Contractor
10-3 Instrum-
entation
Engineer to specify any special preventative maintenance and storage
requirements for instrumentation hardware and devices.
 Engineering
10-4 Inst. Use "Notes to the Field" to convey and clearly note special
engineering needs or client requirements (issue these as part of the
 Contractor
Instrument Spec Books).
Special Materials Contractor
Orientation Contractor
Tagging Requirements Contractor
Mounting Details Contractor

Action
to: Date
Locations Contractor
Testing Requirement Contractor
Seal Fluids Contractor
10-5 Instrum-
entation
Pre-commissioning/loop check guidelines and requirements will be
developed up front so that proper documentation can be developed to
 Contractor
support the field activities such as system turnover.
10-6 Instrum-
entation
Anytime ladder drawings are produced for the project they should be
issued with the loops and schematics to construction. References are

Contractor
commonly made to these ladders and the job is not able to complete
without them. Loop fold development.
10-7 Instrum-
entation
Provide clear definition in safety showers alarms, if they will be
provided for in DCS.
 Contractor
10-8 Instrum-
entation
Pre-commissioning loop check guidelines and loop folders shall be
developed early to support the field activities.
 Contractor
10-9 Instrum-
entation
Have fire safe requirements for valves been specified on P&ID's, data
sheets and requisitions?
 Contractor
10-10 Instrum-
entation
Ensure that trip/shutdown instruments are clearly marked to
distinguish them from normal control instruments.
 Contractor
10-11 Instrum-
entation
Have pre-alarm and shutdown valves and critical valve
closing/opening speeds been established and agreed to by Systems,
 Contractor
Process, Project and Plant Services personnel?
10-12 Instrum-
entation
Standardize on material type and size O.D. and wall thickness for
pneumatic signals and air supply tubing.
 Contractor
10-13 Instrum-
entation
Agree on the extent of details required by field subcontractors on heat
tracing/winterizing, raceways, instrument assemblies, tubing, and
 Contractor
junction boxes.
10-14 Instrum-
entation
Develop procedures for procurement and control of electrical and
instrumentation bulk material. Pre-bagging instrument installation
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
hardware per individual instrument details.
10-15 Instrum-
entation
Consider using piping stool pieces in lines in place of control valves
until hydro-testing is complete.
 Contractor
10-16 Instrum-
entation
Design shall provide a list of all in-line instruments that are be
installed along with special handling instructions.
 Contractor
10-17 Instrum-
entation
Purchase orders for specialized instruments, computers and other
special items where vendors or required, should contain vendor

representative lump sum bid price, for 10 day visits and have hourly Contractor
rate clauses for items. The field should be designated to request the
services of vendor representatives.
10-18 Instrum-
entation
Engineer should provide a steam tracing index designating steam
supply and trap stations as being either a process station or

Enginering
winterization station. Allow for extra taps in case instruments
requiring steam tracing are added.
10-19 Instrum-
entation
Instead of scoping the process control systems to the limits of the
latest technology, reduce the level of complexity and sophistication to
 Contractor
the minimum required to run the process.
10-20 Instrum-
entation
Avoid using colors to identify services and voltage levels.
 Contractor
10-21 Instrum-
entation
Interface of existing units into new units will require concise
definition to assist the construction subcontractor during installation.

This can be accomplished by ensuring the integrity of existing
Contractor
documentation thereby minimizing the "last minute" changes.
Documents shall also clearly show what equipment exists and what is
new.
10-22 Instrum-
entation
Pre-fabricated analyzer shelters should be purchased as totally pre-
assembled units - fully equipped, dressed and shop tested.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
10-23 Instrum-
entation
If possible, FTA's are to be shipped to the vendor shop for
marshalling panels. I/O link cables with plug-in connectors at both
 Contractor
ends will be provided to facilitate the cable installation.
10-24 Instrum-
entation
Anytime PLC's are utilized, a specific module assignment is needed
up front as some of these items are long term delivery and shortages

Contractor
need to be identified early. Also all other peripheral equipment needs
to be identified on the installation drawings.
10-25 Instrum-
entation
When existing drawings are to be utilized or when a new drawing is
revised, the revision needs to be shown clearly and a brief description
 Contractor
included in the revision block.
10-26 Instrum-
entation
Fiberglass instrument and pushbutton stands for corrosive areas are
available for similar cost to galvanized stands.
 Contractor
10-27 Instrum-
entation
The unloading of analyzer shelters at the jobsite should be
considered. Often this equipment is designed to be lifted with

Contractor
spreader bars. Provide lifting requirements to the jobsite early, so
constructor is prepared to handle.
10-28 Instrum-
entation
The capability of the contractor installing fiber optics systems should
be verified.
 Contractor
10-29 Instrum-
entation
When load cells are integral part of an equipment installation, the use
of equivalent spacers during the construction phase of the project

Contractor
should be considered. Install the load cells just prior to system
check-out and start-up.
10-30 Instrum-
entation
Consideration should be given to the location of new nuclear level
detection devices. They need to be arranged so that no interference
 Contractor
will result from existing radiation sources and detection devices.
10-31 Instrum-
entation
The instrument design package should specify requirements to
provide mechanical contractor assistance for service testing steam

Contractor
tracing system. Emphasis should be placed on proper tagging before
service testing to expedite system turnover.

Action
to: Date
10-32 Instrum-
entation
Does the Safety Protection System design partition hardware to
minimize the potential of tripping the entire plant?
 Contractor
10-33 Instrum-
entation
When specifying and installing vent stacks for analyzer houses or
other remote building houses, check all drawings to assure that

Contractor
clearance is available to prevent interference and for availability of
structural support.
10-34 Instrum-
entation
All instrument grounding and computer grounding must be connected
to an isolated ground system. The electrical system grounds to a

Contractor
common ground grid. By using this concept you will give quality
and greater savings to design and installation.
10-35 Instrum-
entation
Consider vendor pre-wiring and connecting solenoids or limit
switches on pneumatic valves to a terminal box located on the valve.
 Contractor
10-36 Instrum-
entation
Data Sheets should be standardized on all projects; preferably one
complete Data Sheet per instrument device.
 Contractor
10-37 Instrum-
entation
The instrument index should be issued as early as possible so it can
be used to receive instruments.
 Contractor
10-38 Instrum-
entation
Pre-insulated tubing is preferable to hard insulated piping for steam
tracing supply and return lines.
 Contractor
10-39 Instrum-
entation
Vessel trim drawings such as for level gauges and switches, etc., on
towers should have vertical and horizontal dimensions (placement

details), particularly in its interface with insulation and not be Contractor
classified as "field run". (This will allow fabrication of this piping on
the ground in a shop instead of 200 feet in the air)
10-40 Instrum-
entation
Portions of work which can be pushed ahead to relieve later peaking
of critical crafts should be identified.
 Contractor
10-41 Instrum-
entation
Vendor furnished "packaged units" should provide job specific (as
per design engineer spec) instrumentation hardware and job specific

Contractor
I.D. and tagging requirements. Spec sheets should be provided for

Action
to: Date
the field to receive and check items.
10-42 Instrum-
entation
Key design engineering personnel should be available to be resident
at the site to assist contractor with questions of design intent and to
 Engineering
help out during pre-commissioning/loop checkout.
10-43 Instrum-
entation
Data sheets will be made available at jobsite for the field acceptance
and inspection.
 Contractor
10-44 Instrum-
entation
Long lead-time delivery items shall be purchased as soon as possible
to support the construction schedule.
 Contractor
10-45 Instrum-
entation
Assure that piping and instrument items related to vessel trim are
specified on drawings and are included on initial bulk purchases.
 Contractor
10-46 Instrum-
entation
The use of wire tagging for individual wires in multi-conductor cable
to identify circuits and assist in proper field connections shall be
 Contractor
promoted.
10-47 Instrum-
entation
In order to minimize field fabrication the majority of instrument
supports should be engineered and a material take-off provided to

allow for offsite shop fabrication. The purchase of standard Contractor
manufactured supports should also be considered if approved by
client.
10-48 Instrum-
entation
Each engineered item must have a discrete tag number, i.e., each
device, drawing, cable, conduit, tray, software block, etc.
 Contractor
10-49 Instrum-
entation
Cable schedules should have schematic references, number of
connections, to/from routing, number of spares, block design type.
 Contractor
10-50 Instrum-
entation
Installation details should include approved gaskets and thread
lubricants, slope of lines, etc.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
10-51 Instrum-
entation
Cable type list should include testing criteria, minimum banding
radius, maximum pulling tensions, etc.
 Contractor
10-52 Instrum-
entation
Assure IFC/As Built issue of all vendor drawings are published and
issued to the field.
 Contractor
10-53 Instrum-
entation
Make sure relief valve data sheets cover all condition values they will
be subjected to, including start-up. Check how valves will discharge,

i.e., atmosphere, closed flare header vessels. Use data sheets to Contractor
receive values from vendors and bench test values as site prior to
installation.
10-54 Instrum-
entation
Maximize the use of line-mounted instruments as opposed to stand
mounts.
 Contractor
10-55 Instrum-
entation
Block diagrams should not be utilized or issued for installation alone.
The only purpose of these drawings is for concepts. Installation
 Contractor
requires support drawings in conjunction with block drawings.
10-56 Instrum-
entation
Install permanent labels on equipment at factory instead of temporary
labels.
 Contractor
10-57 Instrum-
entation
Purchase complete junction boxes, control panels and marshalling
cabinets rather than assembling on site.
 Contractor
10-58 Instrum-
entation
Prefer use of pre-insulated and pre-traced (either electric or steam)
tube bundle for instrument impulse lines rather than bare tubing with
 Contractor
field insulation installed.
10-59 Instrum-
entation
Identify sample gas requirements and calibration. Early identification
of sample gas bottle accessories (locks, chain, etc.) should be
 Contractor
considered. (90 day supply requested.)
10-60 Instrum-
entation
Consideration must be given to analyzer requirements, i.e., sewer,
steam and sample disposal regardless of who sets houses or shelters.
 Contractor
10-61 Instrum-
entation
Review analyzer building or shelter roofs carefully. Some designs do
not have self draining roofs.
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
10-62 Instrum-
entation
Review analyzer
requirements.
requirements early for UPS and power
 Contractor
10-63 Instrum-
entation
Early determination of analyzer vendors/suppliers should be
considered.
 Contractor
10-64 Instrum-
entation
Begin loop check planning and coordination early. Ensure the client
is aware of the construction support required to maintain project

Contractor
progress. (i.e. maintenance support, TDC literate operators, quantity
of loop checks per day required.)
10-65 Instrum-
entation
Isometrics should be made for vessel trim and instrument bridles and
issued as early as possible. Bridles will be detailed by the pipe group.
 Contractor
10-66 Instrum-
entation
The instrument index or installation drawings should identify
instruments requiring individual stands or unique mounting
 Contractor
requirements.
10-67 Instrum-
entation
Consider showing instrument air piping distribution on the
instrumentation location plans.
 Contractor
10-68 Instrum-
entation
Having pre-bid meetings with valve & control valve vendors, try to
involve valve manufacturers instead of just local suppliers.

Contractor
Emphasize that all valve body dimensions from their supply are
required for piping engineering within 10 days of award.
10-69 Instrum-
entation
Consider ambient monitoring and alarm requirements.
 Contractor
10-70 Instrum-
entation
Check factory calibrated instruments upon receipt and prior to
installation.
 Contractor
10-71 Instrum-
entation
Consider having the relief valve vendor make necessary tests and
provide storage until the relief valves are required by construction.
 Contractor
10-72 Instrum-
entation
Have NACE requirements been included on data sheets and
requisitions?
 Contractor


Action
to: Date
10-73 Instrum-
entation
Have alloy requirements been noted on data sheets and requisitions?
 Contractor
10-74 Instrum-
entation
Check to ensure that instruments are not mounted where they could
obstruct the proper use of handrails, ladders, access-ways, etc.
 Contractor
10-75 Instrum-
entation
Ensure all instruments have the proper labels for the area
classification as specified on the data sheets.
 Contractor
10-76 Instrum-
entation
Furnish transmitters with manifolds mounted to the transmitter. Use
the manifold and the 2" pipe support to eliminate an additional
 Contractor
bracket.
10-77 Instrum-
entation
From engineering specification through installation, be aware of the
mounting differences between right-hand and left-hand displacer

Contractor
head mounting. Improper installation can cause serious maintenance
inaccessibility.
10-78 Instrum-
entation
Are hazardous area monitors required? If so, are these requirements
reflected on P&ID's?
 Contractor
10-79 Instrum-
entation
Ensure that instrument analyzer and equipment drains that have to be
piped to a safe location are piped directly to hubs, etc. and not to
 Contractor
grade or slabs that slope to drains.
10-80 Instrum-
entation
Does the Safety Protection System incorporate fail-safe concepts?
 Contractor
10-81 Instrum-
entation
Is the Fire, Gas and Smoke Detection System implemented in
hardware separate from that of the Safety Protection System and also
 Contractor
the regulatory Control System?
10-82 Instrum-
entation
Ensure that field panels are located at proper distances from
hazardous equipment, such as heaters and reactors; field trip hand

switches should be placed far enough away from the equipment to Contractor
allow an operator to approach and operate them safely. Ensure a
clear escape route for the operators from the equipment and the

Action
to: Date
panels.
10-83 Instrum-
entation
Pre-assemble control valve accessories in the shop prior to shipment
to the field. Shop assemble, level gauges, sample coolers, etc.
 Contractor
10-84 Instrum-
entation
Utilize the bar stock block/bleed valve for pressure gauge
installations.
 Contractor
10-85 Instrum-
entation
Avoid the use of level gauge glasses in temperature extremes. Note
that it is a gauge vendor's requirement that all gauge glasses be re-

Contractor
tightened at operating temperature if that temperature is a specified
amount from ambient.
10-86 Instrum-
entation
Engineering to insure that all control system interlock information is
utilized on all schematics and referenced as required.
 Contractor

9. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS FROM CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR
S.
Description
No
1 Adopt a modular design concept to benefit the maximum in optimizing cost.
Thorough multidisciplinary coordination especially MEP to avoid unwanted conflicts
2
during construction. A 3D REVIT model will be an added value engineering tool.
3 Thorough Fire Zoning study to minimize the use of fire sealant products implementation.
Adopt Drywall Concept for all internal partitions which allows easier and fast track
4
execution and provides better accessibility for maintenance.
Use Victaulic pipe jointing system to avoid welding activities and reduce rework
5
possibilities.
6 Consider all UL listed materials as long leads.
Knowing that Saudi Aramco Standards are not implemented, pre-commissioning and
7 commissioning activities that requires 3rd party certifications need to be defined for early
planning and scheduling.
Provide procedures and bounds for approving shop drawings, field reviews (FRR), and
8
redlines.
Clear the possibility to implement a provisional sum compensation percentage for enforced
9
type of equipment and devices as it will have direct cost implication on bidding.
Although having a ready-mix batch plant within the site perimeter will facilitate cast
10 activities planning and minimize traffic, but requires a vast area for storing bulks and will
create serious HSE concerns.
11 Priorities available space use for construction materials storage and required workshops.
Use the Mobile Storage Concept by using containers that can be easily mobilized and
stacked in congested sites, which will assist in speeding up the procurement process and
12
storing early received materials in company’s lay downs and storage regardless of distance
from the site.
Precast panels erection beside concrete shear walls need to be reconsidered because of
13
constructability issues.
Logistic plan is very important to review during design stage as how to maneuver tower
14
cranes, mobile cranes, temporary hoists.
Formworks and shoring system must be carefully evaluated during design stage for construc
15
tability point of view.

10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This concludes the subject matter of this report. This document can serve as a guiding element for
“KFUPM BUSINESS PARK PROGRAM” project personnel to begin developing their own
Construction Strategy for incorporation into the detail design and construction package.
It is hoped that this report will serve as a starting point in implementing some of the measures and
recommendations highlighted. Appointing a constructability coordinator and conducting periodic
constructability round-table meetings will also contribute greatly to the success of your efforts.
It is likewise worth noting that, where substantial gains and savings can be realized through these
efforts, nothing comes for free. A willingness to invest the time and resources toward these ends will
be critical to overall success.
All aspects of Saudi Aramco standards, specifications and procedures should be included/referred in
the final scope document such as taking base ultrasonic wall thickness readings for piping and vessels
after completion of construction, piping cleaning and drying after hydro-testing, etc. This is stated as
many small items, such as aforementioned, are overlooked in construction planning and then last
minute rush has to made for compliance.

11. CONSTRUCTABILITY SUGGESTION FORM
Please find the attachment on next page



12. CONSTRUCTIBILITY STUDY ATTENDANCE SHEET




Final CS For KFUPM BP

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Final CS For KFUPM BP

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CONSTRUCTABILITY STUDY

KFUPM BUSINESS PARK PROGRAM

Date Rev Purpose of Issue Originator Summary of Changes

Additional comments from the

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 2

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 3

CONSTRUCTABILITY WORKSHOP AGENDA

10 minutes presentation for an overview of Constructability Workshop

OVERVIEW OF THE CONSTRUCTABILITY AS PER CII

 ORGANISATION RELATED ISSUES

 Appoint Constructability Coordinator

2  Modularization and prepackaged or packaged systems 10:15 - 12:00

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 4

SESSION ACTIVITIES TIME

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 5

SESSION ACTIVITIES TIME

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 6

SESSION ACTIVITIES TIME

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 7

2.1 Project Description & location

2.2 Project Objectives

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 8

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 9

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 10

3. CONSTRUCTABILITY STUDY INTRODUCTION

1. Constructability program are made integral part of project execution plans.

2. Project Planning actively involves construction knowledge.

3. Early construction involvement is considered in development of contracting strategy.

4. Overall project schedule is construction driven.

5. Basic Design approaches consider major construction methods.

6. Site layout promotes efficient construction.

4. CONSTRUCTABILITY REVIEW SUMMARY

 Organization Related Issues

 Engineering and Design Related Issues

 Scheduling Related Issues

 Procurement Related Issues

 Materials Related Issues

 Site Related Issues

 Construction Related Issues

It is recommended that a member of the project team be identified as a constructability coordinator to

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 11

5. GENERAL CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCEPTS

 Construction efficiency needs to be considered in specification development. Common problem

6. GENERAL CONSTRUCTABILITY CONCERNS

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 12

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 13

1. Contractor to consider one additional gate for accessing

2. Construction phase Vehicle Movement / Traffic Plan to be

3. East Park LUP has been approved.

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 14

It is envisaged to use both Mobile and Tower cranes during

It is recommended to clearly mark the load weight of the podiums /

Construction methodology by contractor to clearly specify the

If required, temporary support to be considered to support cranes and

Avoid heavy traffic over the tunnel, however if it is required then

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 17

Safety during Contractors shall follow OSHA 18000 requirements

Construction contractor shall submit their QA/QC/HSE plans to PMT

13 Storage Sensitive control equipment has to be stored in a controlled LSPB A M C

Contract can have the clause of Provisional sum if common DAR A H T

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 19

Acceptance Apr 2018

FINAL CONSTRUCTABILITY REPORT REV. B PAGE 21