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RESULTS
In our current prospective study, a total number of 70 patients admitted in the ward in Apollo
hospital of Gastroenterology were assessed. Their nutritional status were assessed and managed.
The female to male ratio was found to be 1: 4 with 13 females patients and 57 male patients.
Gender-Wise Distribution
Males Females
19%
81%
The patients were divided into four groups based on their age.
Age-Wise Distribution
4%
24%
25%
47%
Early Adulthood (18-35) Adulthood (36-50) Late Adulthood (51-65) Old (65-80)
Out of all the patients admitted in the hospital, most of the patients affected with Chronic Liver
Disease were in late adulthood with an age group of 51-65 (47.14%) of patients followed by
adulthood with an age group of 36-50 (24.29%) of patients.
ETIOLOGICAL STATUS
45
40 38.46%
36.84%
P
E 35
R
30
C 26.32%
E 25 23.08%
N MALES
T 20 17.54%
15.38% 15.38% FEMALES
A 15 12.28%
G
E 10 7.7% 7.02%
%
5
0
ALCOHOL HEPATITIS JAUNDICE CRYPTOGENIC OBESITY
When the patients were divided according to the Etiology of Chronic Liver Disease, most of the
female patients were having a known etiology of Jaundice i.e., 38.46% but most of the male
patients were Alcoholics i.e., 36.84%.
The patients were divided into four groups based on their weights:
Most of the male patients enrolled in the study were monitored adequately and were with normal
BMI (i.e.,66.67% of patients) and others were less likely overweight and obese.
From the P- value (i.e.,0.0165) it was found that results were significantly effective.
Females
BMI Category Approach Percentage% Follow up Percentage% P-value
Underweight 3 23.07 2 15.38
(<18.5)
Normal weight 4 30.79 6 46.14
(18.5-24.9)
Overweight 3 23.07 3 23.09 0.0158
(25-29.9)
Obese (> 30) 3 23.07 2 15.38
TOTAL 13 100 13 100
Table 7.4 b: Comparison of BMI of approach and follow up of female subjects.
P 50 46.14%
E
R 40 PERCENTAGE OF
C 30.79% APPROACH
E FEMALE
30
N 23.07% 23.07% 23.09% 23.07%
PERCENTAGE OF
T 20 15.38% 15.38% FOLLOW UP
A FEMALE
G
10
E
%
0
UNDER WT NORMAL WT OVER WT OBESE
Most of the female patients enrolled in the study were monitored adequately and were with
normal BMI (i.e., 46.14% of patients) and other patients were less likely overweight and
Obese.
From the P-value (i.e., 0.0158) it was found that results were significantly effective.
The patients were divided into three groups based on their nutritional status:
E 40 OF APPROACH
33.33%35.09% MALE
N
T 30 PERCENTAGE
A OF FOLLOW UP
G 20 15.78% MALE
E 7.02%
10
%
0
WELL NOURISHED MODERATELY NOURISHED SEVERELY MALNOURISHED
Of the 57 male patients, most of the patients were well nourished (i.e., 57.89%) and moderately
nourished (i.e., 35.09%) and only 7.02% of patients were severely malnourished.
From the P-value (i.e., 0.0189) it was found that results were significantly effective.
Of the 13 female patients, most of the patients were well nourished (i.e.,53.8%) and others
were moderately nourished (i.e.,15.4 %) and only 30.8% of patients were severely malnourished.
From the P-value (i.e., 0.0244) it was found that the results were significantly effective.
60 56.1%
P 49.12%
E 50
43.86%42.1%
R PERCENTAGE OF
C 40 APPROACH
E MALES
N 30 PERCENTAGE OF
FOLLOW UP
T
MALES
A 20
G
E 10 7.02%
% 1.8%
0
WELL NOURISHED MODERATELY NOURISHED SEVERELY MALNOURISHED
Depending on the nutritional status 57 male patients were divided into 3 groups of which 56.1%
patients were well nourished and others were moderately nourished (i.e.,42.1%) and severely
malnourished (i.e., 1.8%) of patients.
From the P-value (i.e., 0.0433) it was found that the results were significantly effective.
60
53.8%
P
E 50 46.15% 46.15% 46.2%
PERCENTAGE OF
R
APPROACH
C 40
FEMALES
E
PERCENTAGE OF
N 30
FOLLOWUP
T FEMALES
A 20
G
E 10 7.69%
% 0%
0
WELL NOURISHED MODERATELY NOURISHED SEVERELY MALNOURISHED
Fig 7.6 b : Comparison of calf circumference of approach and follow up of female subjects.
Depending on the nutritional status 13 female patients were divided into 3 groups of which
53.8% patients showed a good improvement in their nutritional status and 46.2% were
moderately nourished.
From the P-value (0.0417) it was found that the results were significantly effective.
The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence and absence of Anemia:
90
81.5%
80
P 70%
E 70
R
60
C
E 50 APPROACH
N
T 40 FOLLOWUP
30%
A 30
G 18.5%
E 20
% 10
0
ANEMIA PRESENT ANEMIA ABSENT
Among 70 patients, 70% of Patients were anemic at the time of approach but after the initiation
of proper dietary intake only 18.5% of patients were anemic.
The patients were divided into four groups based on the grades of edema:
P 70
E
60
R
C 47.1% PERCENTAGE
50
E OF APPROACH
N 40
PERCENTAGE
T 28.6% OF FOLLOWUP
30
A
20%
G 20
E 12.8% 11.4%
% 10 4.3%
0%
0
NO EDEMA BELOW THE PITTING EDEMA GENERALIZED
ANKLE BELOW THE KNEE EDEMA
Maximum number of the patients were with no edema (i.e., 75.8%) and few patients were
with edema below the ankle and pitting edema below the knee (i.e., 12.8% and 11.4%
respectively).
COMORBIDITY STATUS
100
91.4%
90
P
80
E 70%
R 70 PERCENTAGE
C 60 OF APPROACH
E
50 PERCENTAGE
N
OF FOLLOWUP
T 40
30%
A 30
G
E 20
8.6%
% 10
0
MUSCLE WASTING PRESENT MUSCLE WASTING ABSENT
The co-morbidity status of the patients was improved as there were 30% of patients with
presence of muscle wasting were reduced to 8.6%.
The subjects were divided into 3 categories based on their screening scores:
According to MNA screening score, patients when assessed were mostly at risk of
malnourishment but after the implementation of appropriate dietary plan, 60% of patients were
well nourished and fewer patients were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished.
According to malnutrition indicator score , patients when assessed were mostly at risk of
malnourishment but after the implementation of appropriate dietary plan, a change in 44% of
patients was observed.
BIOCHEMICAL STATUS
120
N 100 APPROACH
P
U
M
A NORMAL
T 80
B APPROACH
I
E
E
60 ABNORMAL
R
N 40 FOLLOWUP
T NORMAL
O S
20 FOLLOWUP
F
0 ABNORMAL
Among 70 patients, most of the patients showed a very good improvement in biochemical data.
Comparison of dietary habits of patients with standard diet (i.e., high calorie, high protein,
DIETARY HABITS
40
N 35
O
30
Approach diet
O Habit
F 25
20 Follow-up std
P diet
A 15
T
I 10
E
N 5
T
S 0
Poor(<1500) Adequate(1500-2000) Excess(>2000)
After the comparison of food habits with the standard diet that was given to the patients, among
70 patients most of the patients i.e., 33 of the patients were with normal food habits, 26 of the
patients were with poor food habits and 11 of the patients were with excess food habits.
Cat-1
Fish, oils
and sweets
( 67 )
Cat-2 Cat-3
Milk, Yogurt, Meat, Poultry,
Cheese Fish, dry beans,
( 49 ) Eggs and nut group
( 25 )
Cat-4 Cat-5
Vegetables Fruits
( 63 ) ( 63 )
Cat-6
( 48 )
Fig 7.14: Dietary method of assessing nutritional status by using dietary diversity score.
According to dietary method of assessing nutritional status the diversity score for each of the
patient was ≤ 6 as each category of food was not consumed by few number of patients. So, this
indicates that most of the patients were consuming a balanced nutrient diet.