Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Business Department
Graduation Project
Motivation the
employees in middle
size company
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Acknowledgement:
We want to start our project by thanking all Doctors, teachers and people who
supported us to reach the final project. Also, we would like to thank Al Burami
University with all their staff, who gave us the opportunity to study the Human
Resource Management deeply, and to be prepared our career with perfect
knowledge.
Abstract:
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Introduction
To retain good staff and to encourage them to give of their best while at work
requires attention to the financial and psychological and even physiological
rewards offered by the organization as a continuous exercise.
Basic financial rewards and conditions of service (e.g. working hours per week)
are determined externally (by national bargaining or government minimum
wage legislation) in many occupations but as much as 50 per cent of the gross
pay of manual workers is often the result of local negotiations and details (e.g.
which particular hours shall be worked) of conditions of service are often more
important than the basics. Hence there is scope for financial and other
motivations to be used at local levels.
As staffing needs will vary with the productivity of the workforce (and the
industrial peace achieved) so good personnel policies are desirable. The latter
can depend upon other factors (like environment, welfare, employee benefits,
etc.) but unless the wage packet is accepted as 'fair and just' there will be no
motivation.
Hence while the technicalities of payment and other systems may be the
concern of others, the outcome of them is a matter of great concern to human
resource management.
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
The former demand better-educated, mobile and multi-skilled employees much
more likely to be influenced by things like job satisfaction, involvement,
participation, etc. than the economically dependent employees of yesteryear.
Consequently, HRM must look at the job. Has the latest technology being
provided in order to permit maximum efficiency? Is the office setting
appropriate (properly lit and adequately ventilated, for example) for the job?
Are the necessary tools readily available for the employee use? For example, If
an employee prints on a laser printer throughout the day, and the printer is
networked to a station two floors up, that employee is going to be less
productive that one who has a printer on his desk. While not trying to belittle
the problem with such an example, the point should be clear. Office automation
and Industrial engineering techniques must be incorporated into the job design.
Without such planning, the best intention of managers to motivate employees
may be lost or significantly reduced.
Once the measures have been taken to ensure that jobs have been properly
designed, the next step in the motivation process is to understand the
implications of motivational theories. Some motivational theories are well
known by practicing managers, but recent motivation research has given us new
and more valid theories for understanding what motivates people at work.
Performance standards for each employee must also be set. While no easy task,
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
managers must be sure that the performance evaluation system is designed to
provide feedback to employees regarding their past performance, while
simultaneously, addressing any performance weakness the employee may have.
A link must be established between employee compensation and performance:
The compensation and benefit activity in the organization must be adapted to,
and coordinated with, a pay - for - performance plan.
Throughout the activities required in the motivation function, the efforts will
focus on one primary goal: to have those competent and adapted employees,
with up - to - date skills, knowledge and abilities, exerting high energy levels.
Once that is achieved, it is time to turn the HRM focus to the maintenance
function covered in the next article.
So, to motivate employees should have a good knowledge about the needs in the
following explaination, we are going to talk about the same theory build and
improved by expert in management and Human Resource Management like
Abraham Maslow, Clayton Alderfer, Michael J. Papa, Fred Herzberg and
others..
Abraham Maslow developed a model say that if motivation is driven by
the existence of unsatisfied needs, then it is worthwhile for a manager to
understand which needs are the more important for individual employees. The
model in which basic, low-level needs such as physiological requirements and
safety must be satisfied before higher-level needs such as self-fulfillment are
pursued. In this hierarchical model, when a need is mostly satisfied it no longer
motivates and the next higher need takes its place. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
is shown in the following diagram:
Figure 1
Hierarchy
of needs
As the diagram, we have to start fulfill the needs from the bottom to the top, as per the
following steps:
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
1. Physiological Needs
air
water
nourishment
sleep
According to Maslow’s theory, if such needs are not satisfied then one’s
motivation will arise from the quest to satisfy them. Higher needs such as social
needs and esteem are not felt until one has met the needs basic to one’s bodily
functioning.
Once physiological needs are met, one’s attention turns to safety and security in
order to be free from the threat of physical and emotional harm. Such needs
might be fulfilled by:
3. Social Needs
Once a person has met the lower level physiological and safety needs, higher
level needs become important, the first of which are social needs. Social needs
are those related to interaction with other people and may include:
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
4. Esteem
Once a person feels a sense of “belonging”, the need to feel important arises.
Esteem needs may be classified as internal or external. Internal esteem needs
are those related to self-esteem such as self respect and achievement. External
esteem needs are those such as social status and recognition. Some esteem
needs are:
Self-respect
Achievement
Attention
Recognition
Reputation
Maslow later refined his model to include a level between esteem needs and
self-actualization: the need for knowledge and aesthetics.
5. Self-Actualization
Truth
Justice
Wisdom
Meaning
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
If Maslow’s theory holds, there are some important implications for
management. There are opportunities to motivate employees through
management style, job design, company events, and compensation packages,
some examples of which follow:
Physiological needs: Provide lunch breaks, rest breaks, and wages that are
sufficient to purchase the essentials of life.
Safety Needs: Provide a safe working environment, retirement benefits,
and job security.
Social Needs: Create a sense of community via team-based projects and
social events.
Esteem Needs: Recognize achievements to make employees feel
appreciated and valued. Offer job titles that convey the importance of the
position.
Self-Actualization: Provide employees a challenge and the opportunity to
reach their full career potential.
However, not all people are driven by the same needs – at any time different
people may be motivated by entirely different factors. It is important to
understand the needs being pursued by each employee. To motivate an
employee, the manager must be able to recognize the needs level at which the
employee is operating, and use those needs as levers of motivation.
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
There is another theory provided by Michael J. Papa (Ph.D., Temple University;
M.A., Central Michigan University; B.A., St. John’s University) which explain
the X and Y employees as follows:
Theory X
Theory Y
For McGregor, Theory X and Y are not different ends of the same continuum.
Rather they are two different continua in themselves. Thus, if a manager needs
to apply Theory Y principles, that does not preclude them from being a part of
Theory X & Y.
Motivation
The motivations is the emotional tendencies that guide or facilitate reaching goals. It consists of:
I. Achievement drive
II. Commitment
III. Initiative
IV. Optimism
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Chapter 2
Review of literature
On
Motivation
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Scholars and researchers
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Chapter 3
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
History of the company
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Chapter 4
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Research methods and design
Study objective
Research methodology
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Clearing Up Common Myths About Employee Motivation
The topic of motivating employees is extremely important to managers and supervisors.
Despite the important of the topic, several myths persist -- especially among new
managers and supervisors. Before looking at what management can do to support the
motivation of employees, it's important first to clear up these common myths.
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
1. Motivating employees starts with motivating yourself
It's amazing how, if you hate your job, it seems like everyone else does, too. If you are
very stressed out, it seems like everyone else is, too. Enthusiasm is contagious. If you're
enthusiastic about your job, it's much easier for others to be, too. Also, if you're doing a
good job of taking care of yourself and your own job, you'll have much clearer
perspective on how others are doing in theirs.
A great place to start learning about motivation is to start understanding your own
motivations. The key to helping to motivate your employees is to understand what
motivates them. So what motivates you? Consider, for example, time with family,
recognition, a job well done, service, learning, etc. How is your job configured to support
your own motivations? What can you do to better motivate yourself?
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Steps You Can Take
The following specific steps can help you go a long way toward supporting your
employees to motivate themselves in your organization.
1. Do more than read this article -- apply what you're reading here
This maxim is true when reading any management publication.
2. Briefly write down the motivational factors that sustain you and what you
can do to sustain them
This little bit of "motivation planning" can give you strong perspective on how to think
about supporting the motivations of your employees.
3. Make of list of three to five things that motivate each of your employees
Read the checklist of possible motivators . Fill out the list yourself for each of your
employees and then have each of your employees fill out the list for themselves.
Compare your answers to theirs. Recognize the differences between your impression of
what you think is important to them and what they think is important to them. Then
meet with each of your employees to discuss what they think are the most important
motivational factors to them. Lastly, take some time alone to write down how you will
modify your approaches with each employee to ensure their motivational factors are
being met. (NOTE: This may seem like a "soft, touchy-feely exercise" to you. If it does,
then talk to a peer or your boss about it. Much of what's important in management is
based very much on "soft, touchy-feely exercises". Learn to become more comfortable
with them. The place to start is to recognize their importance.)
4. Work with each employee to ensure their motivational factors are taken into
consideration in your reward systems
For example, their jobs might be redesigned to be more fulfilling. You might find more
means to provide recognition, if that is important to them. You might develop a
personnel policy that rewards employees with more family time, etc.
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
7. Reward it when you see it
A critical lesson for new managers and supervisors is to learn to focus on employee
behaviors, not on employee personalities. Performance in the workplace should be based
on behaviors toward goals, not on popularity of employees. You can get in a great deal
of trouble (legally, morally and interpersonally) for focusing only on how you feel about
your employees rather than on what you're seeing with your eyeballs.
14. Admit to yourself (and to an appropriate someone else) if you don't like an
employee --
Managers and supervisors are people. It's not unusual to just not like someone who
works for you. That someone could, for example, look like an uncle you don't like. In this
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
case, admit to yourself that you don't like the employee. Then talk to someone else who
is appropriate to hear about your distaste for the employee, for example, a peer, your
boss, your spouse, etc. Indicate to the appropriate person that you want to explore what
it is that you don't like about the employee and would like to come to a clearer
perception of how you can accomplish a positive working relationship with the employee.
It often helps a great deal just to talk out loud about how you feel and get someone
else's opinion about the situation. As noted above, if you continue to focus on what you
see about employee performance, you'll go a long way toward ensuring that your
treatment of employees remains fair and equitable.
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Miscellaneous picture:
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
theory
Reference
Wikipedia,
Leslie Dickinson
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VCH-3YCMKN1-
K&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F1995&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_
sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1519462307&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C00
0050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9f4254f01911fe61e8053c4332852813&sea
rchtype=a
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki
Basics About Employee Motivation (Including Steps You Can Take)
Link:
http://www.managementhelp.org/guiding/motivate/basics.htm#anchor168299
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Graduation project 2010 Motivation
Talal Adnan Odima
Hamdan Rashed Al darmaki