Manual of programs ERDEP1 and ERDEP2

These programs allow the verification of grounding systems composed by

cilindrical elements, from now called bars, with any position, in a uniform
ground (ERDEP1), or a two layers ground (ERDEP2).

Both programs can consider the thickness and resistivity of a layer of

high resistivity over the surface of terrain. Must be taken into account that
the thickness must be lower than 15 cm, and its resistivity must be greater than
resistivity of upper layer, because the reason of this cover is to augment the
isolation between the soil surface and the ground electrodes. The programs allow
to define passive electrodes, electrodes that are in the ground and nearby but
without electrical connection to ground mat.

In the following the data registers necessary to run the programs are
described.

ERDEP1

A first register with the following data:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
NHOMEM NOM1 NOM2
<-><--------------><-----------------------------><---------------------------->
I3 A16 A30 A30

NHO = Initial page number.

MEM = Initial title of the case.
NOM1, NOM2 = Titles of the case.

A second register with the following data:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
RESPON
<---->
3X A6

RESPON = Name of resposible of data.

A register with the following data:

123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
TITLE
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
3X A72

TITLE = Title of the job.

A register with the following data:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
LONGMAX ICC RHO RHOREC ESPEREC TIMEP
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><-------->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0

LONGMAX = Maximum lenght of segments (m). If the input is a negative number,

no calculation will be done, only a interpretation of data as
control.
ICC = Current to ground intensity (kA). If the input is negative, the
calculated values of current to ground of each segment of a
previous run will be read.
RHO = Resistivity of ground(Ωm).
RHOREC = Resistivity of surface cover (Ωm). Can be 0 if such cover is
absent.
ESPEREC = Thickness of surface cover (m). Can be 0 if such cover is absent.
TIMEP = Time to clear the fault (s)
A register for each bar, with the following format:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 DIAMETER NRO NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F6.0 A4

X1, Y1, Z1 = Coordinates of initial point of bar (m).

X2, Y2, Z2 = Coordenates of final point of bar (m).
DIAMETER = Diameter of bar (m). A value of 99. indicates end of bars data.
NRO = Indicates that NRO parallel bars will be installed between present
bar and the following. Both bars are in the count. This option can
be used for passive conductors, too.
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

Special conductors:

A register starting with $= indicates that the data in the register will be
read and conductors in a set of parallel conductors will be generated.

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 DIAM NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
$= F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F6.0 A4

X1 = Coordinate of beginning of first conductor in X direction (m).

Y1 = Coordinate of beginning of first conductor in Y direction (m).
Z1 = Coordinate of beginning of first conductor in Z direction (m).
X2 = Coordinate of end of first conductor in X direction (m).
Y2 = Coordinate of end of first conductor in Y direction (m).
Z2 = Coordinate of end of first conductor in Z direction (m).
DIAM = Diameter of conductor (m).
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

This register must be followed by a second register with the following data and
format:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
X3 Y3 Z3 X4 Y4 Z4 NRO
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----<>-->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F6.0

X3 = Coordinate of beginning of last conductor in X direction (m).

Y3 = Coordinate of beginning of last conductor in Y direction (m).
Z3 = Coordinate of beginning of last conductor in Z direction (m).
X4 = Coordinate of end of last conductor in X direction (m).
Y4 = Coordinate of end of last conductor in Y direction (m).
Z4 = Coordinate of end of last conductor in Z direction (m).
NRO = Number of conductor of the set of conductors.
 A register starting with $O indicates that the data in the register will be
read and conductors in an horizontal ring will be generated.

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY XCEN YCEN ZCEN DIAM SEGMENTS DIAMETER NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
$O F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 A4

XCEN = Coordinate of center of ring in X direction (m).

YCEN = Coordenate of center of ring in Y direction (m).
ZCEN = Depth of ring (m).
DIAM = Diameter of ring (m).
SEGMENTS = Number of segments that will form the ring.
DIAMETER = Diameter of ring conductor (m).
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

A register starting with $X indicates that the data in the register will be read
and conductors in an horizontal star will be generated.

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY XCEN YCEN ZCEN DIAM SEGMENTS DIAMETER NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
$X F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 A4

XCEN = Coordinate of center of star in X (m).

YCEN = Coordinate of center of star in Y (m).
ZCEN = Depth of star (m).
DIAM = Diameter of star (m).
SEGMENTS = Number of rays of the star.
DIAMETER = Diameter of conductors of star (m).
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

A register starting with $R indicates that the data in the register will be read
and resistances of different part of human circuit will be read from it

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY RGLOBE RSHOE RMAT RBODY
<--------><--------><--------><--------><-------->
$R F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0

RGLOVE = Resistance of glove (Ohm). Default 0 Ohm.

RSHOE = Resistance of shoe (Ohm). Default 0 Ohm.
RMAT = Resistance of insulating matt (Ohm). Default 0 Ohm.
RBODY = Resistance ob body (Ohm). Default 1000 Ohm.
A register to indicate a potential profile or a zone, with the following format:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY XIN YIN DX DY NX NY NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 A4

KEY = 0 indicates a zone or area, 1 one line, 9 end of data.

For KEY = -1, the voltages will be plotted in V.
For KEY = 1, the voltages will be plotted in % of GPR.
In both cases the currents will be plotted in mA.
XIN, YIN = Initial point of profile or area (m).
DX, DY = Step (m). May be negative.
NX, NY = Number of steps in each direction.
NOMB = Name of the conductor that will be used as reference to calculate
touch voltage.
ERDEP2

A first register with the following data:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
NHOMEM NOM1 NOM2
<-><--------------><-----------------------------><---------------------------->
I3 A16 A30 A30

NHO = Initial page number.

MEM = Initial title of the case.
NOM1, NOM2 = Titles of the case.

A second register with the following data:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
RESPON
<---->
3X A6

RESPON = Name of resposible of data.

A register with the following data:

123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
TITLE
<---------------------------------------------------------------------->
3X A72

TITLE = Title of the job.

A register with the following data:

123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
LONGMAX ICC RHO RHOREC ESPEREC TIMEP
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><-------->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0

LONGMAX = Maximum lenght of segments (m). If the input is a negative number,

no calculation will be done, only a interpretation of data as
control.
ICC = Current to ground intensity (kA). If the input is negative, the
calculated values of current to ground of each segment of a
previous run will be read.
RHO1 = Upper layer resistivity of ground(Ωm).
THICKNESS = Thickness of upper layer (m).
RHO2 = Lower layer resistivity of ground(Ωm).
RHOREC = Resistivity of surface cover (Ωm). Can be 0 if such cover is
absent.
ESPEREC = Thickness of surface cover (m). Can be 0 if such cover is absent.
TIMEP = Time to clear the fault (s)
A register for each bar, with the following format:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 DIAMETER NRO NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F6.0 A4

X1, Y1, Z1 = Coordinates of initial point of bar (m).

X2, Y2, Z2 = Coordenates of final point of bar (m).
DIAMETER = Diameter of bar (m). A value of 99. indicates end of bars data.
NRO = Indicates that NRO parallel bars will be installed between present
bar and the following. Both bars are in the count. This option can
be used for passive conductors, too.
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

Special conductors:

A register starting with $= indicates that the data in the register will be
read and conductors in a set of parallel conductors will be generated.

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 DIAM NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
$= F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 A4

X1 = Coordinate of beginning of first conductor in X direction (m).

Y1 = Coordinate of beginning of first conductor in Y direction (m).
Z1 = Coordinate of beginning of first conductor in Z direction (m).
X2 = Coordinate of end of first conductor in X direction (m).
Y2 = Coordinate of end of first conductor in Y direction (m).
Z2 = Coordinate of end of first conductor in Z direction (m).
DIAM = Diameter of conductor (m).
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

This register must be followed by a second register with the following data and
format:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
X3 Y3 Z3 X4 Y4 Z4 NRO
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F6.0

X3 = Coordinate of beginning of last conductor in X direction (m).

Y3 = Coordinate of beginning of last conductor in Y direction (m).
Z3 = Coordinate of beginning of last conductor in Z direction (m).
X4 = Coordinate of end of last conductor in X direction (m).
Y4 = Coordinate of end of last conductor in Y direction (m).
Z4 = Coordinate of end of last conductor in Z direction (m).
NRO = Number of conductor of the set of conductors.
 A register starting with $O indicates that the data in the register will be
read and conductors in an horizontal ring will be generated.

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY XCEN YCEN ZCEN DIAM SEGMENTS DIAMETER NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
$O F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 A4

XCEN = Coordinate of center of ring in X direction (m).

YCEN = Coordenate of center of ring in Y direction (m).
ZCEN = Depth of ring (m).
DIAM = Diameter of ring (m).
SEGMENTS = Number of segments that will form the ring.
DIAMETER = Diameter of ring conductor (m).
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

A register starting with $X indicates that the data in the register will be read
and conductors in an horizontal star will be generated.

123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
KEY XCEN YCEN ZCEN DIAM SEGMENTS DIAMETER NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
$X F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 A4

XCEN = Coordinate of center of star in X (m).

YCEN = Coordinate of center of star in Y (m).
ZCEN = Depth of star (m).
DIAM = Diameter of star (m).
SEGMENTS = Number of rays of the star.
DIAMETER = Diameter of conductors of star (m).
NOMB = An optional name as identification of the bar. The passive
conductors are identified with names starting with the sign #.
Each set of bars (called a conductor), connected one with another
that are part of the same conductor must have the same name. If
there are more than a passive conductor, they will be
distinguished by the three characters following the #. The passive
bars must be the last of the list.

A register starting with $R indicates that the data in the register will be read
and resistances of different part of human circuit will be read from it

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY RGLOBE RSHOE RMAT RBODY
<--------><--------><--------><--------><-------->
$R F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0

RGLOVE = Resistance of glove (Ohm). Default 0 Ohm.

RSHOE = Resistance of shoe (Ohm). Default 0 Ohm.
RMAT = Resistance of insulating mat (Ohm). Default 0 Ohm.
RBODY = Resistance ob body (Ohm). Default 1000 Ohm.
A register to indicate a potential profile or a zone, with the following format:

12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
KEY XIN YIN DX DY NX NY NOMB
<--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><--------><----><-->
F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 F10.0 A4

KEY = 0 indicates a zone or area, 1 one line, 9 end of data.

For KEY = -1, the voltages will be plotted in V.
For KEY = 1, the voltages will be plotted in % of GPR.
In both cases the currents will be plotted in mA.
XIN, YIN = Initial point of profile or area (m).
DX, DY = Step (m). May be negative.
NX, NY = Number of steps in each direction.
NOMB = Name of the conductor that will be used as reference to calculate
touch voltage.

Notes:

1. For potential profiles and potential maps, graphics files will be obtained,
in HPGL (Hewlett Packard Graphic Language) and PNG (Portable Network Graphic).
HPGL files have extenion .plt, and can be seen or printed with programs as
PRINTGL. The name of the files are composed by up to the first six characters of
data file name plus a two digits number.

2. Current profiles are calculated and plotted for touch and step, taking into
account the touch and step voltages and the body and foot resistance as IEEE
Std. 80.

3. The auxiliary program ERDEDRAW reads the data files and produces graphics
files (HPGL and PNG formats) with all the conductors and the lines where the
potential profiles are requested. The vertical conductors (rods) are drawn as
circles.

4. The auxiliary program RHO32 allows an estimation of ground layers from

apparent resistivity measurements. Both Wenner and Schlumberger measurement
methods are allowed.