3 Emr PDF

Seminar Seminar Sept.
2014
On EMR “Energetic Macroscopic Representation”
Sept. 2014
«Energetic Macroscopic
Representation »
Prof. B. Lemaire-Semail, Dr. Philippe Barrade
Dr. W. Lhomme, Prof. A. Bouscayrol LEI, EPFL, Switzerland
University Lille1, L2EP, MEGEVH, France
« Energetic Macroscopic Representation »
- Outline -
2
Seminar on EMR, Sept. 2014
•  Introduction
•  Representation: EMR basic elements
–  Sources
–  Accumulation
–  Conversion
–  Coupling
•  Organization: fundamental rules
–  Direct connections
–  Merging rules
–  Permutation rules
•  Analysis for the simulation and the control
–  Action and reaction paths
–  Tuning path
•  Example: Wind Energy Conversion System
•  Conclusion
Seminar Seminar Sept. 2014
Sept. 2014
« Introduction»
- System analysis -
4
•  Needs in graphical descriptions as valuable intermediary step

model organization prediction
objective
real
system
system system system

model representation simulation
limited valuable behavior

validity range properties study
- System analysis -
5
•  The graphical description is chosen depending on objectives

–  real-time control and energy management of energetic systems

causal models
functional systemic
description static or (cognitive)
quasi-static
models
causal
dynamical models
& forward
approach
- System analysis -
6
•  Real-time control and energy management of energetic systems

Model objective: causal & prediction

“control” systemic
organization
Real-time
real dynamical control &
system models Energy
management
representation
Highlight energetic forward

and systems properties approach
- Objectives of the presentation -

7
•  Define the key elements of EMR

•  Define the fudamental rules

–  For connecting elements

–  For solving conflicts of associations

•  Define the notions of

–  Action, reaction and tuning paths

•  Assumption

–  As EMR is an intermediary step, coming after a modeling activity, one will
consider that models are already defined…

Sept. 2014
«Representation: EMR basic

elements »
- Different elements -
9
•  Energetic Macroscopic Representation

–  Any energetic system
–  Energy sources
–  Energy storage elements
–  Energy conversion elements
–  Energy distribution elements
•  Key elements
–  energy storage element
•  delay, state variable, closed-loop control
–  energy distribution element
•  power flow coupling, control with criteria
- Energy sources -
10
•  Back to definitions
–  System: interconnected subsystems organized for a common objective, in
interaction with its environment.
–  Input: produced by environment, imposed to the system
–  Output: consequence of the system evolution, imposed to its environment
–  Interaction principle: each action induces a reaction
action
S1 S2
reaction
power
–  Needs in defining an element representing the environment of a system, and its

links to the studied system
•  According to the interaction principle
- Energy sources -
11
•  Definition of the environment

–  Environment & System must be defined first
grid line diode rectifier
i1 iload
u13 i2 v13 Border of the

vdc system?
u23 v23
system 1
system 2
Environment 1
bidirectional system 3
Environment 2
bidirectional
Environment 3
unidirectional
- Energy sources -
12
•  Representation
–  Terminal element which represents the environment of the studied system
•  Generator or receptor
Source

oval pictogram

background: light green

contour: dark green

1 input vector (dim n)

1 output vector (dim n)

action downstream
upstream x1 x2 source
source power system
y1 y2
direction of
reaction positive power
n (convention)
p1= x1. y1 = ∑x i1 yi1 p2= x2. y2
i =1
- Energy sources - Examples -

13
VDC Tice
Battery
(voltage source) i IC engine
generator and Ω (torque source)
receptor of energy Tice generator
VDC
of energy
Bat ICE
i Ω

Tice-ref
I qwind [m3/s]
u Pload [Pa]
Wind
Ligthing bulb (air flow source)
u pload generator energy
receptor of energy
bulb wind
I qwind
- Accumulation elements -
14
–  Input: produced by a subsystem, imposed to its close subsystem
–  Output: consequence of the subsystem evolution, imposed to its close
subsystems
–  Internal accumulation of energy (with or without losses)
•  Key transformation for safety and efficiency
•  Output(s) is an integral function of input(s), delayer fron input(s) changes
•  Causal description: fixes input(s) and output(s)
–  Needs in defining an element representing the accumulation of energy, and the
links with its close subsystems
•  According to a causal description, and to the interaction principle
- Accumulation elements -
15
–  internal accumulation of energy (with or without losses)
•  Causality principle
Accumulator
rectangle with an oblique bar

background: orange

contour: red

upstream I/O vectors (dim n)

downstream I/O vectors (dim n)

action
x1 y
y ∝ ∫ f ( x1, x 2 )dt
y x2 y = output, delayed from

reaction
input changes

fixed I/O (causal description)

p1= x1. y p2= x2. y
- Accumulation elements - Examples -

16
i J
Ω Ω
L
v1 v2 T1 T2
inductor inertia
v1 i T1 Ω

1 1
E = L i2 E= J Ω2
2 i v2 Ω
T2 2
i1 i2
Ω1 k Ω2
v C T T
capacitor stiffness
1 i1 v Ω1 T
E = C v2 11 2
2 E= T
v i2 T Ω2 2k
- Conversion elements -
17
subsystems
–  Conversion of energy without energy accumulation (with or without losses)
•  No delay from input(s) changes
•  Non causal description: input(s) and output(s) can be permuted
•  Needs in defining an element representing the conversion of energy, and the links
with its close subsystems
–  According to a non causal description, and to the interaction principle
- Conversion elements -
18
–  Conversion of energy without energy accumulation (with or without losses)
•  Two possibilities
conversion Square for monophysical conversion
element Circle for multiphysical conversion
background: orange
OR contour: red
upstream I/O vectors (dim n)
downstream I/O vectors (dim p)
Possible tuning input vector (dim q)
Action/reaction x1 y2 " y = f (x1 , z)

# 2 no delay!
%$ y1 = f (x 2 , z)
y1 x2
z
upstream and downstream
p1= x1. y1 p2= x2€. y2 I/O can be permuted
(floating I/O)
tuning vector
- Conversion elements - Examples -

19
i
Ωgear
VDC s
T1
u DCM Ω2 Ω2
s uconv
iconv Tgear T3
iload
VDC uconv u idcm Tdcm T1 Tgear Ω2
Bat
iconv iload idcm edcm Ω
Ωgear Ω2 T3
kΦ
kgear
m
d
L i dcm + r i dcm = u − edcm ⎧Tgear = k gear T1
⎧uconv = m VDC
dt ⎨
⎪
⎨i ⎩Ω gear = k gear Ω 2
⎩ conv = m iload
⎪
⎧Tdcm = kΦ i dcm
⎨ d
⎩edcm = kΦ Ω J Ω 2 = Tgear − T3
dt
- Coupling elements -
20
subsystems
–  Distribution of energy without energy accumulation (with or without losses)
•  No delay from input(s) changes
•  Non causal description: input(s) and output(s) can be permuted
–  Needs in defining an element representing the distribution of energy in parallel

branches, and the links with its close subsystems
•  According to a non causal description, and to the interaction principle
- Coupling elements -
21
–  Distribution of energy without energy accumulation (with or without losses)
•  Two possibilities
Coupling element
Overlapped squares for monophysical conversion
Overlapped circles for multiphysical conversion
OR background: orange
contour: red
no tuning input vector
vcoup1
i1
VDC i1
i2
vcoup1 vcoup2
icoup
VDC vcoup2
i2
icoup
"Vcoup1 = Vcoup2 = VDC
parallel connexion #
$icoup = i1 + i2
- Coupling elements – Examples -

22
Field winding DC machine

uarm iarm Tdcm
iarm
⎧Tdcm = k i exc i arm iarm earm Ω

⎨
uarm DCM ⎩edcm = k i exc Ω
uexc uexc iexc
iexc
iexc eexc
Mechanical differential Tldiff
T gear Tgear
Tldif =Trdif =
Tldiff Ωlwh 2 Ωlwh
Ωdiff
Ωlwh + Ωrwh
Ωdiff = Ωdiff Trdiff
Ωrwh 2
Tgear
Trdiff
Ωrwh
Sept. 2014
«Organization: fundamental rules»

- Warning -
24
•  Elements defined and to be used
Conversion element Coupling element
OR OR
Monophysical Multiphysical Monophysical Multiphysical
electrical coupling
electrical conversion
electro-mechanical conversion
electro-mechanical conversion
electro-mechanical coupling
mechanical conversion
mechanical-coupling
- Association rules: direct connection -

25
•  Systemic: Science for the study of systems, and their interaction

–  Considering S1 and S2 any kind of sub-systems
•  The direct connection of S1 and S2 is only possible if
x1 x2 x2 x3
–  out(S1) = in(s2)
–  in(S1) = out(S2)
y1 y2 OK y2 y3
Example d
VDC VDC iL
L iL = VDC − u
L iL dt
Bat
iL iL u
VDC i state variable
u VDC iL
iL Bat
iL u
- Association rules: conflicts of association -

26
•  Example: two inertia linked by a fix ratio gearbox
Ω1 Ω1
Ω2 Ω2
J1
T1 T2
J2
T3 T4
•  Models
dΩ1 #Ω2 = K.Ω1 dΩ2

J1 = T1 − T2 $ J2 = T3 − T4
dt % T2 = K.T3 dt
€ J1 € Ω2 J2
T1 €Ω1 Ω1 T3 Ω2
k
Ω1 T2 T2 T3 Ω2 T4
causal non causal causal

27
•  Example: two inertia linked by a fix ratio gearbox

–  Direct connection 1:
J2
T1 Ω1 Ω2 T3 Ω2
k
Ω1 T2 T3 Ω2 T4
–  Direct connection 2: Conflict of association

•  Use the property of a non causal element to permute inputs and outputs
J1 J2
T1 Ω1 T2 T3 T3 Ω2
k
Ω1 T2 Ω1 Ω2 Ω2 T4
•  Still conflict of association
T1 J1 Ω1 T2 T3 Ω2
J2
k
Ω1 T2 Ω1 Ω2 T4

28
•  Remain
–  The property of a non causal element to permute inputs and outputs can be
efficiently used
•  I/Os of a non causal element are fixed by state variables (accumulation
element), does not necessarily solve conflicts of associations
•  In case conflicts of association subsist
–  Back to the model #
dΩ1 Ω2 = K.Ω1
J1 = T1 − T2 $
dt % T2 = K.T3
J1 dΩ2 J1 dΩ2 T1
= T1 − K.T3 ⇒ 2 = T'2 −T3 with T'2 =
K dt K dt K
€ J1/k2 € T J2 Ω
T1 T’ 2 Ω 2 3 2
2 accumulation elements
k
would impose the same
€ Ω1 Ω2 T3 Ω2 T4 € state variable x1
Conflict of association

29
•  Remain
–  Permutation of elements is possible if one obtain the same global behavior:
•  strictly the same effects (y1 and x3) from the same causes (x1 , y3 and z)
Permutation Rule
x1 x2 x3 x1 x’2 x3
y1 y2 y3 y1 y’2 y3
z z
x1 x2 x3
y1 y2 y3
z

30
•  Remain
–  The property of a non causal element to permute inputs and outputs can be
efficiently used
–  Permutation rule
•  In case conflicts of association subsist
–  Back to the model
$ J1 dΩ2
& 2 dt = T'2 −T3 J1 dΩ2 dΩ2 T1
% K ⇒ 2 = T '2 −J2 − T4 with T'2 =
& J2 dΩ 2 = T −T K dt dt K
3 4
' dt
J1/K2+J1
" J1 % dΩ2 T1 T’2 Ω2
$ 2 + J2 ' = T'2 −T4
1/k €
#K & dt
€ Ω1 Ω2 T3
One has finally merged 2 accumulation elements series connected
(same state variable)
€

31
•  Remain
–  When 2 accumulation elements impose the same state variable
•  Conflict association
•  Solution: Merging rule
Merging Rule
y1 x1 y2 x1 merging y1 x1
x1 y2 x1 y3 x1 y3
NO
1 equivalent function for
2 elements / systemic
Sept. 2014
«Analysis for the simulation and control»

- System analysis
33
•  Objective: real-time control and energy management of energetic systems
Model objective: causal & prediction

“control” systemic
organization
Real-time
real dynamical control &
system models Energy
management
representation
Highlight energetic forward

and systems properties approach
- Power flow -
34
•  Example of an electromechanical conversion system
electrical electromechanical
conversion conversion
upstream mechanicaldowntream
source conversion source
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
S1 S2
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
z23 z45 z67
energy storage =
power adaptation
upstream downstream
Bat. PE EM Fres
source source
Convention: direction of positive power flow
(could be negative for bidirectional system)
- Action and Reaction paths -

35

Bidirectional system if:
•  bidirectional sources downtream
upstream source
•  bidirectional conversion elements
source x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
S1 S2
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
z23 z45 z67
P>0 action path: x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7

(e.g. acceleration) reaction path: y1 y2 … y7
P<0 action path: y1 y2 … y7

(e.g. braking) reaction path: x1 x2 … x7
Bat. PE EM Fres
I/O independent of power flow direction

action/reaction dependent of power flow direction
- Tuning paths -
36
upstream downtream
source source
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
S1 S2
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
z23 z45 z67
Technical requirements: action on z23 and x7 to be controlled
Tuning path: x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
z23
The tuning path is independent

Bat. PE EM Fres
of the power flow direction
(e.g. velocity control in acceleration AND regenerative braking)
- Tuning paths -
37
upstream downtream
source source
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
S1 S2
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
z23 z45 z67
Technical requirements: action on z45 and y1 to be controlled
Tuning path: y1 y2 y3 y4
z45
Bat. PE EM Fres
The tuning path depends
on the technical requirements
Sept. 2014
« Example: WIND ENERGY CONVERSION

SYSTEM (WECS)»
- Studied WECS -
39
•  Chosen WECS for variable speed and variable frequency:

–  a squirrel cage IM and two VSI
iim1
irect iline1 itrans1
vwind Cblade
CgearΩshaft urect13 uinv13 utrans13 ugrid13
iim2 ucap C iline2 itrans2
Ωgear
ΩshaftCim urect23 uinv23 utrans23 ugrid23
iinv
wind blades shaft & induction Voltage Source capacitor Voltage line & trans- electric
gearbox machine Inverter Source Inverter filter former grid
WECS control
Technical requirements: provide the maximum active power P
and control the reactive power Q
- EMR of the blades -

40
1 2
Fblade = ρ S Vwind
2 ⎧ Tblade = Rblade Ftan g
Ftan g = CT (λ )Fblade ⎨v
⎩ blade = Rblade Ω shaft
vwind Fblade Ftang Tblade
CT Rblade
Fblade vblade Ωshaft
vwind Tblade 0,08
0,06
0,04
v Rblade Ω shaft
0,02 λ = blade =
Fblade Ωshaft 0
0 5 10 15
vwind vwind
CT = f(λ)
- EMR of the mechanical powertrain -

41
⎧ T1 = k gearT2
d ⎨Ω = k d
J1 Ω ls + fΩ ls = Tblade − T1 gear Ω ls J2 Ω hs + f 2Ω hs = T2 − Tim
dt ⎩ hs dt
Tblade Ωls Ωls Ωhs T2 Ωhs
Ωls T1 T1 T2 Ωhs Tim
slow speed shaft gearbox high speed shaft
Ωls Ωls
Ωhs Ωhs
Tblade T1
T2 Tim
- EMR of the mechanical powertrain -

42
Element association?
Tblade Ωls Ωls Ωhs T2 Ωhs

OK
Ωls T1 T1 T2 Ωhs Tim
1. permutation
Equivalent power train Tblade Ωls T1 Ωls Ωhs
Tblade Ωshaft Ωgear
Ωls T1 Ωls T2 Tim

Ωshaft Tgear Tim
J
2. merging J eq = J1 + 22
k
- EMR of the squirrel cage IM -

43
pΩ d 1r
is2 isd
Park’s rotor
2s vs2 1r rotor vsd
transformation
Φrotor ird
θr/s θd/s
vrd θr/s
vrq
1s ⎧φr ≈ isd 1s
⎨T vsq irq
2r is1stator ⎩ im ≈isd isq stator
vs3 vs1 q
is3
3r x s ,dq = [P( θ d / s )]x s ,123
3s
x r ,dq = [P( θ d / r )]x r ,123
⎧ φr ≈ k1isd
Modelling simplifications: ⎨T ≈ k φ i
⎩ im 2 r sq
- EMR of the squirrel cage IM -

44
Stator windings in (d,q)

θd/s
Coupling device es-dq is-dq istator
⎧ φr ≈ k1isd
⎨T ≈ k φ i Ωgear
⎩ im 2 r sq is-dq vs-dq ustator
er-dq ir-dq irotor
Tim
ir-dq vr-dq urotor=0
φr
θd/r
Simplified EMR Park’s transformations
Ωgear estator istator Rotor windings in (d,q)
Squirrel cage
Tim istator ustator permutation of windings and transformation
concatenation of EM conversion and transformation
- EMR of the back-to-back VSI -

45
⎧1 (closed)
s11 = ⎨
⎩ 0 (open)
iim1 irect ifilt1
urect13 uinv13
iim2 C ifilt2
ucap
urect23 uinv23
⎡ s − s ⎤
mrect = ⎢ 11 13 ⎥ iond
⎣ s12 − s13 ⎦
⎧u rect = mrect ucap

⎨ t
⎩ irect = mrect iim C
d
ucap = irect − iinv
iim irect ucap uinv dt
Rect Inv
urect ucap iinv iline
srect sinv
- EMR of the grid connection -

46
d ⎧u 2 = mtrans u 3
L1 i1 + R3 i1 = u inv − u1 ⎨
dt ⎩ i 3 = mtrans i 2
uinv i1 u1 i2 i2 i3 u3 i3
i1 u1 i2 u2 u2 u3 i3 ugrid
d d
L2 i 2 + R3 i 2 = u1 − u 2 L3 i 3 + R3 i 3 = u 3 − u grid
dt dt
i1 i2 i3
uinv13 u13-1 u13-2 u13-3 ugrid-13
Ideal
filter line 1 transformer line 2
- EMR of the grid connection -

47
Element association?
uinv i1 u1 i2 i2 i3 u3 i3
OK
i1 u1 i2 u2 u2 u3 i3 ugrid
1. merging 2. permutation
uinv i1 u2 i2 i3
uinv iline itransf i1 u2 i2 u’3 ugrid
L3
iline utransf ugrid 3. merging Leq = L1 + L2 +
m2 trans
- EMR of the WECS -

48
iim1
irect
iline1 itrans1
vwind Cblade
CgearΩshaft urect13 uinv13 utrans13 ugrid13
iim2 ucap C iline2 itrans2
Ωgear
ΩshaftCim urect23 uinv23 utrans23 ugrid23
iinv
wind blades shaft & induction Voltage Source capacitor Voltage line & trans- electric
gearbox machine Inverter Source Inverter filter former grid
vwind Tblade Ωshaft Ωgea eim iim irect ucap uinv iline itransf
r
Wind
T’ grid
Fblade Ωshaft Tgear Tim iim urect ucap iinv iline utransf ugrid
mrect minv
blade equivalent induction rectifier capacitor inverter equivalent
power train machine line & transformer
- Tuning paths of the WECS -

49
equivalent induction equivalent

blade power train machine rectifier capacitor inverter line & transformer
vwind Tblade Ωshaft Ωgea eim iim irect ucap uinv iline itransf
r
Wind
T’ grid
Fblade Ωshaft Tgear Tim iim urect ucap iinv iline utransf ugrid
mrect minv
objectives: active power P constraints: capacitor voltage

reactive power Q machine flux
⎡ m13 ⎤ ⎡ m'13 ⎤
mrect = ⎢ ⎥ 2 freedom degrees minv = ⎢ ⎥ 2 freedom degrees
⎣m23 ⎦ ⎣m'23 ⎦
Sept. 2014
« Conclusion »
EMR = multi-physical graphical description
based on the interaction principle (systemic)
and the causality principle (energy)
Basic elements = energetic function

sources, accumulation, conversion and distribution of energy
Association rules = holistic property of systemic

enable keeping physical causality in association conflict
Applications
analysis, design, simulation, control structure…
- References -
51
A. Bouscayrol, & al. "Multimachine Multiconverter System: application for electromechanical drives", European
Physics Journal - Applied Physics, vol. 10, no. 2, May 2000, pp. 131-147 (common paper GREEN Nancy, L2EP Lille
and LEEI Toulouse, according to the SMM project of the GDR-SDSE).
A. Bouscayrol, "Formalism of modelling and control of multimachine multiconverter electromechanical systems” (Texte
in French), HDR report, University Lille1, Sciences & technologies, December 2003
A. Bouscayrol, J. P. Hautier, B. Lemaire-Semail, "Graphic Formalisms for the Control of Multi-Physical Energetic
Systems", Systemic Design Methodologies for Electrical Energy, tome 1, Analysis, Synthesis and Management, Chapter
3, ISTE Willey editions, October 2012, ISBN: 9781848213883
K. Chen, A. Bouscayrol, W. Lhomme, "Energetic Macroscopic Representation and Inversion-based control: Application
to an Electric Vehicle with an electrical differential”, Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, Vol. 6, no.1, June issue, 2008,
pp. 1097-1102.
P. Delarue, A. Bouscayrol, A. Tounzi, X. Guillaud, G. Lancigu, “Modelling, control and simulation of an overall wind
energy conversion system”, Renewable Energy, July 2003, vol. 28, no. 8, p. 1159-1324 (common paper L2EP Lille and
Jeumont SA).
J. P. Hautier, P. J. Barre, "The causal ordering graph - A tool for modelling and control law synthesis", Studies in
Informatics and Control Journal, vol. 13, no. 4, December 2004, pp. 265-283.
W. Lhomme, “Energy management of hybrid electric vehicles based on energetic macroscopic representation”, PhD
Dissertation, University of Lille (text in French), November 2007 (common work of L2EP Lille and LTE-INRETS
according to MEGEVH network).
Sept. 2014
« Appendix: normalization of EMR

pictograms»
- Colors -
53
Power Power
source system
pale
green gold
•  orange background
RGB = (255,215,0)
« gold »
•  red border
RGB = (255,0,0)
« red »
•  light green background
RGB = (152,251,152)
« pale green »
•  dark green border
RGB = (0,128,0)
« greeen »
Web X11 colour, standard colours on web pages

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors
- EMR pictograms -
54
No equation number in slides
2a element name element name element name

x1
a Name
y1
(2a x a) (a/2 x a) (a x a) (radius= a)
element name element name

borders of power
elements = b pt
power vectors
(size b, full arrows)
signal vectors
(size b/2, empty arrows)
- Example -
55
parallel connexion DC machine wheel environment

battery choppers gearbox chassis
ubat uch1 iarm
ubat ich1 iarm earm Tem Tgear Fwh vev

Bat. mch1 Env.
itot ubat uch2 ifield
Ω gear Ωwh vev Fres
ich2 ifield efield

mch2

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Seminar Seminar Sept.

• Needs in graphical descriptions as valuable intermediary step

system system system

limited valuable behavior

• The graphical description is chosen depending on objectives

• Real-time control and energy management of energetic systems

Model objective: causal & prediction

Highlight energetic forward

- Objectives of the presentation -

• Define the key elements of EMR

• Define the fudamental rules

• Define the notions of

«Representation: EMR basic

• Energetic Macroscopic Representation

– Needs in defining an element representing the environment of a system, and its

• Definition of the environment

u13 i2 v13 Border of the

- Energy sources - Examples -

y x2 y = output, delayed from

fixed I/O (causal description)

- Accumulation elements - Examples -

Action/reaction x1 y2 " y = f (x1 , z)

- Conversion elements - Examples -

– Needs in defining an element representing the distribution of energy in parallel

- Coupling elements – Examples -

Field winding DC machine

⎧Tdcm = k i exc i arm iarm earm Ω

Mechanical differential Tldiff

«Organization: fundamental rules»

• Elements defined and to be used

Conversion element Coupling element

Monophysical Multiphysical Monophysical Multiphysical

- Association rules: direct connection -

• Systemic: Science for the study of systems, and their interaction

- Association rules: conflicts of association -

• Example: two inertia linked by a fix ratio gearbox

dΩ1 #Ω2 = K.Ω1 dΩ2

- Association rules: conflicts of association -

• Example: two inertia linked by a fix ratio gearbox

– Direct connection 2: Conflict of association

- Association rules: conflicts of association -

- Association rules: conflicts of association -

- Association rules: conflicts of association -

- Association rules: conflicts of association -

«Analysis for the simulation and control»

• Objective: real-time control and energy management of energetic systems

Model objective: causal & prediction

Highlight energetic forward

• Example of an electromechanical conversion system

- Action and Reaction paths -

• Example of an electromechanical conversion system

P>0 action path: x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7

P<0 action path: y1 y2 … y7

I/O independent of power flow direction

• Example of an electromechanical conversion system

Technical requirements: action on z23 and x7 to be controlled

The tuning path is independent

• Example of an electromechanical conversion system

Technical requirements: action on z45 and y1 to be controlled

« Example: WIND ENERGY CONVERSION

• Chosen WECS for variable speed and variable frequency:

- EMR of the blades -

•  Needs in graphical descriptions as valuable intermediary step

•  The graphical description is chosen depending on objectives

•  Real-time control and energy management of energetic systems

•  Define the key elements of EMR

•  Define the fudamental rules

•  Define the notions of

•  Energetic Macroscopic Representation

–  Needs in defining an element representing the environment of a system, and its

•  Definition of the environment

–  Needs in defining an element representing the distribution of energy in parallel

•  Elements defined and to be used

•  Systemic: Science for the study of systems, and their interaction

•  Example: two inertia linked by a fix ratio gearbox

•  Example: two inertia linked by a fix ratio gearbox

–  Direct connection 2: Conflict of association

•  Objective: real-time control and energy management of energetic systems

•  Example of an electromechanical conversion system

•  Example of an electromechanical conversion system

•  Example of an electromechanical conversion system

•  Example of an electromechanical conversion system

•  Chosen WECS for variable speed and variable frequency: