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(3)
(b) Comparing the coefficient of xn-2 on both sides of (3) in (a), 1M for comparing coefficient
1A for writing both sides
n ( 2 n 1)! correctly
C1 C 2 2C 2 C 3 3C 3 C 4 ... ( n 1)C n 1 C n n C n2 n 21
( n 2)! ( n 1)!
1
1 1A for deducing correctly
a k
b k a b a k 1 b k 1 ab , by (1)
5
1
a k 1 b k 1 \ P(k + 1) is true.
5
By the Principle of Mathematical Induction, P(n) is true for all natural numbers, n.
3. (a) cos 5q + i sin 5q = (cos q + i sin q)5 1M for de Moivre’s Theorem
= cos q + 5 cos q (i sin q) + 10 cos q (i sin q) + 10 cos q (i sin q) +
5 4 3 2 2 3
1M for Binomial Theorem
5 cos q (i sin q)4 + (i sin q)5
= cos5 q - 10 cos3 q sin2 q + 5 cos q sin4 q 1A for correct expansion
+ i (5 cos4 q sin q - 10 cos2 q sin3 q + sin5 q)
By comparing real parts, 1M for sin2 q = 1 – cos2 q
cos 5q = cos5 q - 10 cos3 q sin2 q + 5 cos q sin4 q
= cos5 q - 10 cos3 q (1 – cos2 q) + 5 cos q (1 – cos2 q)2
= 16 cos 5 q 20 cos 3 q 5 cos q
(b) By setting cos 5q = cos q (16 cos4 q - 20 cos2q + 5) = 0
1A for roots of cos 5q = 0
3
The principal roots are , ,
10 10 2
1M for deleting the extra root
3
The principal roots of 16 cos q - 20 cos q + 5 = 0 are
4 2
, .
10 10
Let x = cos q , by comparion, the roots of 16x4 – 20 x2 + 5 = 0
3
are cos , cos 1A for answers
10 10
4. (a) x3 – 2x2 + 5x – 3 = 0
1A for all values correct
a+b+g=2
ab + bg +ga = 5 ….(1)
abg = 3
(b) a2 + b2 + g2 = (a + b + g)2 – 2(ab + bg +ga) 1M for completing square
= 2 – 2 (5) , by (1)
2
= –6 1A for answer
2
5. 1M for subtraction
x x2 a3 x3 R 2 R 2 R1 x x2 a3 x3
b b2 a 3 b3 b x ( b x )( b x ) ( x b)( x 2 bx b 2 )
c c2 a 3 c3 R 3 R 3 R1 cx (c x )( c x ) ( x c)( x 2 cx c 2 )
1 cx ( x 2 cx c 2 )
x x2 a3 x3
R3 R3 R2
( b x )( c x ) 1 bx ( x 2 bx b 2 )
0 cb ( b c) x ( b c)( b c)
0 1 xbc
a3 1A for roots
0 x b or x c or x , where bc ¹ 0
bc
1 1
6. (a) v k 1 v k
( 2k 1)( 2 k 3) ( 2 k 1)( 2k 1)
1M for joining fractions
( 2k 1) ( 2k 3)
( 2k 1)( 2k 1)( 2k 3)
1A for answer
4
( 2 k 1)(2 k 1)( 2 k 3)
2n 2n
1 1M for using v
(b)
kn
uk
4
(v
kn
k 1 vk )
3
7. 9x4 – 27x3 + 8x2 – 27x + 9 = 0
Divide the whole equation by x2, we have
1 1
9 x 2 2 27 x 8 0 ….(1) 1M for dividing by x2
x x
1
1 1 1 for calculating x 2
Let y x , then y 2 x 2 2, x2 y2 2 1A x2
x x2 x2
The equation (1) becomes:
9(y2 – 2) – 27 y + 8 = 0
9y2 – 27 y – 10 = 0
(3y – 10) (y + 1) = 0
1A for y
10 1
\ y or
3 3
10 1 10
(i) When y , x
3 x 3
\ 3x – 10x + 3 = 0
2
\ (3x – 1)(x – 3) = 0
1
\ x or 3
3
1A for answers of x.
1 1 1
(ii) When y x
3 x 3
\ 3x + x + 3 = 0
2
1 35i
\ x
6
1A for answers of x.
1 1 35i
The four roots of the equations are x , 3 and .
3 6
1A for answer
cos sin
8. (a) (i) P 4 4
sin
cos
4 4 1A for describing the angle of
rotation
\ P is a matrix of rotation through an angle anticlockwisely.
4
4
1 1
1A
8. (a) (ii) P 2
1 2
1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1
5 13 1A
P QP
1 2 2 2
2
1 1 13 5 1 1
2 2 2 2
1 1
1A may be omitted if last answer
2 2 4 2 9 2
1 1 4 2 9 2 is correct
2 2
8 0
1A
0 18
a b 1M for letting M
(b) (i) Let M . Then
c d
x ax by
x y M x y
y cx dy 1A for the simplified matrix
= (ax + 2bxy +dy + ) = (0)
2 2
1A for
\ a = 5, b = c = -13, d = 5 (since M is symetric) and = 72
5 13 1A for M
\ M= = Q and = 72
13 5
5
X 1 x x
(b) (ii) Let P , the image of under the rotation through an
Y y y
x X
angle of about the origin. \ P
4 y Y
The image of (*) under the rotation is:
5 13 X
X Y P 1 P (72) (0) since PT = P-1
13 5 Y
1 1 1 1
5 13 1A
X Y 2 2 2
2 (72) (0)
1 1 13 5 1 1
2 2 2 2
1A
8 0
X Y (72) (0) , by (a)(ii)
0 18
\ -8X2 + 18Y2 + 72 = 0
1A
X2 Y2
1
9 4
1A
\ The curve (*) is a hyperbola.
(b) (i) x 3 px 2 qx r 0
1M for Vieta’s Theorem
S1 a 1 a 2 a 3 = -p (1)
a1a 2 a 2 a 3 a 3 a1 q (2)
a 1a 2 a 3 r (3)
1M for expansion
2 2 2
S 2 a 1 a 2 a 3 ( a 1 a 2 a 3 ) 2( a 1 a 2 a 2 a 3 a 3 a 1 )
2
\ p S1 , q
1
S
1
2
S2 (4)
2
(b) (ii) Denoting S the symmetric sum,
1A correct expansion of S1
S1 a 1 a 2 a 3
3 3
a 1
3
a a
3 1 2 6a 1 a 2 a 3 (5)
6
1A correct expansion of S2
S1S 2 a 1 a 2 a 3 a 1a 2 a 2 a 3 a 3 a 1
(6)
a a a 1
3
1 2
Note: may use the method as
Q.4 (c)
3
(5) – 3(6), S1 3S1S 2 2 a 1
3
6a 1a 2 a 3 2S 3 6r , by (3)
1 3 1 1 1A+1A
r S1 S1S 2 S3 (7)
6 2 3 for values of ,
1 1
, .
2 3
x y z 15
2
(c) x y z 83
2 2
x 3 y 3 z 3 495
Put x a 1 , y a 2 , z a 3
1A for correct evaluation
From (4), (7) p 15, q 71, r 105
1M for forming equation
The cubic equation form by the roots is t 3 15t 2 71t 105 0 .
By (a), the roots are 3, 5, 7.
2A deduct 1A for
\ (x, y, z) = (3,5,7) or (3,7,5) or (5,7,3) or (5,7,3) or (7,3,5) or (7,5,3)
(x, y, z) = (3,5,7)
a 1 1 1
1A for determinant
10. (a) A= 1 a 1 1 , |A| = 3a2 + a3 = a2 (a + 3).
1 1 a 1
2a a 2 a a
1A for minor and cofactor
Min A = a 2a a 2
a , Cof A =
a a 2a a 2 (may be omitted if adj A is
correct)
2a a 2 a a
1A for adjoint
a 2a a a
2
a a 2a a 2
2a a 2 a a
1A for inverse
Adj A = a 2a a a
2
a a 2a a 2
a 2 1 1
Adj A
1
Inverse of A = 1 a 2 1 , where a ¹ 0, -3.
A a (a 3)
1 1 a 2
7
(a 1) x y z 1 a 1 1 1 x 1
(b) (i) x (a 1) y z b is equivalent to 1 a 1 1 y b
x y (a 1) z b 2 1 1 a 1 z b 2
When a ¹ 0, -3, inverse of A exists,
1M for writing in inverse form
1
1M for multiplication of matrices
x a 1 1 1 1 a 2 1 1 1
1
y 1 a 1 1 b 1 a 2 1 b
z 1 1 a 1 b 2 a (a 3) 1 1 a 2 b 2
a 2 b b2
1
1 ( a 2) b b
2
1A for answer
a (a 3) 2
1 b ( a 2) b
a 2 b b2 1 ( a 2) b b 2 1 b ( a 2) b 2
x , y , z
a (a 3) a (a 3) a (a 3)
x y z 1
1A for reducing the system
(b) (ii) When a = 0, the system of equation becomes: xyzb
x y z b 2
1A for reducing more
When b = 1 , the system becomes x + y + z = 1
1A for answer
and has infinite number of solution: (x, y, z) = (1 – t1 – t2, t1, t2).
1A for answer
When b ¹ 1 , the system is inconsistent and has no solution.
2 x y z 1
1A for reducing the system
(b) (iii) When a = -3, the system of equation becomes: x 2 y z b
x y 2z b 2
1M for adding equations
Adding the 3 equations, b2 + b +1 = 0.
1M for knowing no real solution
Since = 12 – 4(1)(1) < 0. The quadratic equation has no real solution.
1A for answer
\ The system of equations is inconsistent and has no solution.
8
a 1 a 2 .... a n
(b) Let A .
n
Then for i = 1, 2, …, n,
1A for using (a)
a a a
f i ln i i 1 £ 0
A A A
a a
ln i £ i 1
A A
n n 1A for taking sum
a ai
i 1
ln i £
A i 1
1
A
n 1M for property of ln
a a ....a 1 1
ln 1 2 n n
A £ A a
i 1
i n
A
( nA ) n 0
a 1 a 2 ....a n
£1 1A for correct result
An
\G n
a 1 a 2 ....a n £ A
1M for proof
ai
The equality holds if 1, "i, 1 £ i £ n.
A
i.e. a1 = a2 = …. = an = A.
a 1 a 2 .... a n
(c) n a 1 a 2 ....a n 1A n
n for a
i 1
i
n
\ a i 1
i n n a 1 a 2 ....a n ….(1)
1
Replace a i by in (1), we have 1A n
1
ai for a
i 1
n i
1 1
a
i 1
n n
a 1 a 2 ....a n
….(2)
i
1M for multiplication
n
n
1
(1) ´ (2), we get
a ai n
2
….(3)
i 1 i 1 i 1M for ai = i
n n 1
Put ai = i in (3),
i n
i 1 i 1 i
2 1M for Si
n ( n 1) n 1 1 1 2n
2
i1 i
n 1 ....
2
2 n n 1
9
12. (a) (1 + z)2n + (1 – z)2n = 0
2n
1M for transposing term
1 z
1 cis
1 z
1M for using de Moirvre’s Th.
1 z 2 k
cis cis q k , where k = 0, 1, 2, …, (2n – 1).
1 z 2n
1 z (1 z ) cis q k
1A for change of subject
cos q k i sin q k 1
\ z
cos q k i sin q k 1
qk qk qk
1 2 sin 2 2i sin cos 1 1M for using half-angle formula
2 2 2
qk qk qk
2 cos 2 1 2i sin cos 1
2 2 2
qk
q q
2 sin sin k i cos k
2 2 2
q q q
2 cos k cos k i sin k 1A for getting answers
2 2 2
qk ( 2k 1)
i tan i tan , where k = 0, 1, 2, …, (2n – 1).
2 2
( 2k 1) 4n ( 2k 1)
Since tan tan 1M for rewriting answers
2 4n
2 2n ( k 1) 1
tan where k = 0, 1, …., n – 1.
4n
2k 1
Hence the roots are z i tan , where k = 0, 1, …., n – 1.
4n
2k 1
12. (b) By (a), z i tan are roots of (1 + z)2n + (1 – z)2n = 0
4n
1M for writing factors
n 1
2k 1 2k 1
z i tan
corresponding to roots
(1 z) 2 n (1 z) 2 n A z i tan
k 0 4n 4n 1A for writing the leading coeff.
2 ( 2 k 1)
n 1
2
1M for finding the leading coeff.
A z tan
k 0 4n
1A for final answer
Equating the coefficient z2n on both sides, we get A = 2.
2 ( 2k 1)
n 1
2
(1 z) (1 z) 2
2n 2n
k 0
z tan
4n
10
2 ( 2 k 1)
n 1
2
12. (c) (1 z ) (1 z) 2
2n 2n
k 0
z tan
4n
….(1)
1M for using combination
( 2n )( 2n 1)
Coefficient of z2n – 2 on L.H.S. = C 22 n C 22 n ( 1) 2 2 ´ 1A for correct coeff.
2
= 4n2 – 2n
1A for correct coeff.
n 1
( 2 k 1)
Coefficient of z 2n – 2
on R.H.S. =2
k 0
tan 2
4n
n 1
( 2k 1)
2 sec
k 0
2
4n
1
1M for changing to sec
n 1
( 2k 1)
2 sec
k 0
2
4n
2n
4n
2n 4n 2 2 n
1A for correct answer
n 1
( 2k 1)
sec
k 0
2
4n
2n 2
11