Heat Transfer Coefficient Calculations

Instructions
This Worksheet will allow you to calculate heat transfer coefficients (h) for convection situations that involve internal flow
in a tube of given cross-section. The sheet will allow you to input your tube cross section specifications (perimeter, area, diameter),
to define desired flow rates, to calculate Reynold's numbers and Nusselt numbers, and finally to find the local heat transfer coefficient (h).
Each Section of the sheet is surrounded by a border with a heading, and includes an important step in the calculation process. You, the user,
must fill in every box that is surrounded by a double border like below. You must also select entries from all drop-down menus.
Fill in these boxes - NOT others
All calculated numbers are returned in plain boxes, but in bold and italic text - these are the results. In addition, the sheet allows you to specify
certain units (like flow rates and tube sections).

TUBE SECTION
Fill in data for either a circular tube or a non-circular tube.
CIRCULAR OR NON-CIRCULAR TUBE Diameter (your units) = 0.4794
Select Your Unit of Length: mm = millimeters
2
in = inches Using Circular Section - Not Needed 10
mm = millimeters Using Circular Section - Not Needed 14
Select Your Type of Cross Section:
circular
circular 1

non-circular
Using Circular Section Not Needed
Your Cross Sectional Area (m^2) = 1.805034777831E-07 "A"
Your Effective Tube Diameter (m) = 0.0004794 "D"

FLOW RATE
Specify flow rate and the units you are using.
Select Flow Rate Specification:
GPM = gallons per minute
GS = grams6 per second
FPS = feet per second
MPS = meters per second
KGS = kg per second
KGM = kg per minute
GS = grams per second

Flow Rate (Your Units) = 1.3

Flow Rate (m/s) = 4.5438973505 "V"

REYNOLD'S NUMBER CALCULATION and PROPERTIES

Units are set in S.I. Form; however, the Reynold's number itself is non-dimensional.
Also, this sheet will use water properties unless otherwise prompted (by entering "custom values").
Please NOTE: water properties in this sheet are only available for 273 to 373K. You must use custom
values outside of this range.
Re calculated using diameter: Circular Diameter
Coolant Type:
water = standard water properties (automatic)
custom = your
2
own values (fill in custom spaces)
custom = your own values (fill in custom spaces)
Estimated Mean Coolant Temp (Tm) (K): 273

WATER PROPERTIES: CUSTOM PROPERTIES:

nu (specific volume in m^3/kg) = Use Custom roe (density in kg/m^3) = 1585
roe (density in kg/m^3) = Use Custom mu (viscosity in kg/(m*sec)) = 0.0002874
mu (viscosity in kg/(m*sec)) = Use Custom k (thermal conductivity in W/m^K) = 0.054
k (thermal conductivity in W/m^K) = Use Custom Pr (Prandtl # in non-dimensional unit 5.4
Pr (Prandtl # in non-dimensional units) = Use Custom NOTE: You do not need these if using water between
273 and 373 Kelvin.
Reynolds Number (Re = roe*V*D/mu) = 12013 "Re"

NUSSELT NUMBER CALCULATIONS

Based on the Reynold's number, the Nusselt number will be calculated. There are three basic flow ranges in which the heat transfer
differs substantially - the laminar region (Re<2300), laminar to turbulent transition (2300<Re<10000), and the turbulent region (Re>10000).
Since different equations apply in these different regions, the spreadsheet will select which equations to use, and will then indicate which
ones have been applied. All equations are found in the book Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, by Incropera and De Witt, which is
available through John Wiley and Sons, in New York. Also, note that the friction factor is needed in some places; it will be calculated
automatically for smooth tubes, but for rougher tubes the friction factor must be derived in some other way (such as from the Moody Diagram).
Flow Range (based on Re): Turbulent
Corresponding Nusselt # Correlation: Petukhov, Kirillov, Popov

Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
1

Not Available

Please Specify Friction Factor Input:

smooth tube - automatic
smooth tube1 - automatic
user-defined
Not Required: 1

Friction Factor: 0.0298808966 "f"

Nusselt Number: 90.2721568336 "Nu"

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

Please keep in mind that all of these equations are approximations that fit experimental data. Actual convection coefficients can vary greatly.
In addition, the accuracy of the results obtained from this spreadsheet will rely heavily upon YOU making reasonable assumptions about your
flow situation, and paying special attention to the limits of these equations. For instance, NONE of these equations are valid for Reynold's numbers
above five million, or for fluids with Prandtl numbers below 0.5 or above 2000. There are many heat transfer sources available for reference; if you
suspect that any of these numbers are not accurate, please consult your reference sources. Lastly, except for the case of laminar flow, the conditions
of constant surface heat flux and constant surface temperature utilize the same equations in this spreadsheet, which is again an approximation. In
general, this spreadsheet has been constructed in order to solve cooling problems (hence the water properties that are only available above Room Temp).
If you have a heating application, or one that involves large temperature differences (gradients) you may need to consult another source.

Heat Transfer Coefficient (W/m^2K) (=k*Nu/D) = 10168.3280538423

PRESSURE DROP IN COOLING CHANNEL

The pressure drop along the given cooling channels is calculated below based on whether the flow is laminar or turbulent, and
what its corresponding friction factor is. Keep in mind that this pressure drop corresponds to a single channel only.
Flow Type: Turbulent
Corresponding Friction Factor: 0.0298808966

Select Your Unit of Length:

in = inches
mm = millimeters
2

mm = millimeters
Length of Cooling Channel (your units): 1200

Your Tube Length (m) = 1.2000

Pressure Drop (Pascals) = 1223863.93
Pressure Drop (PSI) = 177.37
Pressure Drop (Bar) = 1.212E+01

Reference: Chapter Eight

Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd Edition
Frank P. Incropera
David P. De Witt
New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1990

Spreadsheet written by Neal Hartman, X7627.

Completed Nov. 24, 1998.