International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 17 2018, 927-935

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

STUDY ON BLACK COTTON SOIL BY USING DIFFERENT

ADMIXTURES
S.SHRAAVAN KUMAR1, Dr.S.NEEDHIDASAN2
1
Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha
Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed University) Chennai – 602 105.
2
Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha
Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed University) Chennai – 602 105.
Email: needhidasan@saveetha.com

ABSTRACT
The black cotton soil is expansive type of soils that expand suddenly and start swelling once it comes in-tuned with
wet. due to this property the strength and completely different properties of soil are very poor. Expansive type of soil
shows unpredictable behavior with completely completely different quite stabilizers. Soil stabilization is also a
technique to treat a soil to require care of, alter or improve the performance of soil. During this study, the potential
of marble dust (by-product of marble industry) and coconut shell powder as useful additives to expansive soil is
evaluated. The analysis involves the determination of the advance at intervals the strength properties of expansive
soil in its wild still as once mixed with varied proportion of marble dirt and coconut shell powder. The marble dirt
in experimental program is obtained from cutting of marble. The environmental degradation due to marble mining
is way however the environmental degradation caused by the waste from marble method plants. many researchers
have reportable that marble has very high lime (CaO) content up to fifty fifth by weight. The unconfined
compression check is conducted by making the specimens of black cotton soil by adding the variable percentages of
marble mud and coconut shell powder and square measure cured for 3, seven and fourteen days. The fascinating
modification at intervals the strength properties of the soil square measure discovered.
Key Words: Black cotton soil, marble dust, coconut shell powder, stabilization, compaction.

INTRODUCTION

For any land-based structure, the inspiration is
incredibly necessary and has got to be sturdy to
support the whole structure. so as for the inspiration
to be sturdy, the soil around it plays a really essential
role. So, to figure with soils, we'd like to own correct
information concerning their properties and factors
that have an effect on their behavior. the method of
soil stabilization helps to attain the desired properties
during a soil required for the development work.
From the start of construction work, the need of
enhancing soil properties has come back to the
sunshine. Ancient civilizations of the Chinese,
Romans and Incas used varied ways to boost soil
strength etc., a number of these ways were therefore
effective that their buildings and roads still exist.In
India, the fashionable era of soil stabilization began
in early 1970’s, with a general shortage of fossil fuel
and aggregates, it became necessary for the engineers
to seem at suggests that to boost soil aside from
exchange the poor soil at the vacant lot. Soil
stabilization is that the method of sterilization some
soil properties by totally different strategies,
mechanical chemical so as to supply associate
improved soil material that has all the specified
engineering properties. Soil stabilization was used
however owing to the employment of obsolete
strategies and conjointly owing to the absence of
correct technique, soil stabilization lost favour. In
recent times, with the rise within the demand for
infrastructure, raw materials and fuel, soil
stabilization has began to take a replacement form.
With the supply of higher analysis, materials and
instrumentation, it's rising as a preferred and cost-
efficient methodology for soil improvement.
Here, during this project, soil stabilization has been
finished the assistance of admixtures like waste
marble dirt powder and coconut shell powder. The
engineering properties and strength characters of the
soil are studied. the development within the shear
strength parameters has been stressed upon and
comparative studies are distributed victimization

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
totally different strategies of shear resistance
measure.
LITERATURE REVIEW
[1]Krichphonsingh&V.K.Arora
“STABILIZATION OF BLACK SOIL USING
MARBLE DUST, RICE HUSK AND FLY ASH”
ICRTESM-2017.
An environment friendly and cost effective way of
soil stabilization is with the help of industrial waste.
Unsuitable highway subgrade, foundation soil of
heavy building or water reservoirs etc. requires
stabilization to improve its engineering properties.
Large areas are covered with highly plastic soil,
which is not suitable for construction purpose. In
urban areas, borrow earth is not easily available
which has to be hauled from a long distance. Instead
of borrowing a suitable soil from long distance it is
economical to use locally available plastic soil after
stabilization with cost effective and easily available
industrial wastes. In this present study, components
used are marble dust which is an industrial waste
product, fly ash and rice husk which are agricultural
waste products. The project is planned to conduct
various geotechnical lab test like unconfined
compressive strength test, shrinkage test, swelling
test, permeability test, Atterberg limit and shear
strength test. The objective of this study is to evaluate
the effect of materials used to enhance the properties
of plastic soil by comparing with the results and
graphs of various mixes. This stabilization technique
is cost effective and has an additional benefit of
providing an environmental friendly way to deal with
industrial waste product.
[2] Prof. GuruprasadJadhav ,Mr.Gavhane Dinesh
&Mr.BehereBabaso “AN EXPERIMENTAL
STUDY ON STABILISATION OF EXPANSIVE
SOIL USING ADMIXTURES” IJSTM-2016.
In the present research the unconfined compressive
strength of stabilized clayey soil by compacting to
different densities at particular moisture content, at
different curing period and varying copper slag and
cement content. Cylindrical specimens stabilized
with copper slag and cement was subjected to
determination of unconfined compressive strength
method. The low strength and high compressible soft
clay soils were found to improve to various degrees
by addition of copper slag and cement. The overall
test results indicate that copper slag and cement is
effective in stabilizing the soil, where significant
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improvement in unconfined compressive strength. A
relatively good strength prediction can be derived
from a compilation of the strength and , on condition
a reliable number of data are made available. From
the test results of unconfined compressive strength
method could be easily established for quality control
and assurance of stabilization work.
[3]Rakhil Krishna R &Devi Krishnan “REVIEW
ON THE EFFECT OF WASTE CERAMIC
DUST ON THE GEOTECHNICAL
PROPERTIES OF EXPANSIVE SOILS” IRJET-
2016.
The expansive soils alternatively swells and shrinks
depending upon the presence of moisture in it. This
behavior causes the volume change of the soil and it
results the cracking and failure of structures built on
that soil. To improve the geotechnical properties of
this expansive soilso as to make them suitable for
construction purposes, various methods are in
available. This paper reviews the results of the
experimental programme which is already carried out
by stabilizing the expansive soil using ceramic dust
made from locally available waste ceramic tiles. Also
it reviews the economic feasibility of utilizing the
ceramic dust for improving the properties of
expansive soil used for construction. Expansive soils
are the soils which swell significantly when come in
contact with water and shrink when the water
squeezes out. They are also referred as swelling soils,
are those soils which have tendency to increase in the
volume whenever the moisture content (i.e. water
content) in it is increased. Because of this alternate
swell - shrink behavior of the soil, the change in soil
volume will occur and it can cause shifting and
cracking in different civil engineering structures
founded on them. Foundation with swelling soil will
heave and can cause lifting of a building or structure
laid on it whenever the moisture content rises. This
can ultimately lead to the failure of foundation and
structure laid on it.
[4] H.Venkateswarlu , A.C.S.V Prasad , Dr. DSV
Prasad & Dr.GVR PrasadaRaju “Study on
Behavior of Expansive Soil Treated With Quarry
Dust” IJEIT-2015.
Quarry dust is a type of solid waste material that is
obtained from aggregate crushing industries.
Disposal of such waste materials creates lots of
problems to the environment and public. Considering
this aspect an experimental study was conducted on
locally available expansive soil by mixing it with
Quarry dust. This paper presents the variation of
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
index and engineering properties of expansive soil
such as liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index,
compaction characteristics, California Bearing Ratio
and shear strength when it is mixed with different
percentages (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) of Quarry dust
and the results were found that up to the addition of
10% of stone dust there is an increase in strength
parameters beyond it is not effective.
[5] Shailendra Singh & Hemant B. Vasaikar
“Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Lime”
IJSR-2015.
The design foundation on black cotton soil
(expansive soil) has always been a difficult task for
the engineers as the structure resting on black cotton
soil cracks without any warning. Black cotton soil is
found in M.P., Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra
Pradesh in our country. Soil proportion changes
depending upon their constituents, i.e. water content,
density, bulk density, angle of friction, shear strength
etc. The properties of black cotton soil can be
modified by stabilizing the soil can be modified by
stabilizing the soil with the use of additives or by
mechanical means. In this project an attempt has been
made to stabilize the soil using lime. Experimental
work has been carried out with 4 % and 6 % of lime
content. The experimental work is based on different
percentages of lime content in soil on tests for soil
Liquid limit, Plastic limit, O.M.C., M.D.D, Bulk
density and Dry density, C.B.R. test, Grain size
analysis and Swelling pressure. The aim is to
improve the engineering properties of the black
cotton soil such that the structure built on this soil
can be efficiently withstanding applied loads. It was
found that the engineering properties of black cotton
soil substantially improved by addition of lime.
[6] Akshaya Kumar Sabat “Engineering
Properties of an Expansive soil Stabilized with
Rice husk ash and Lime sludge” IJET-2014.
Compaction properties, California bearing ratio,
shear strength parameters, compression index,
swelling pressure and durability of an expansive soil
stabilized with rice husk ash and lime sludge have
been discussed in this paper. The effects of 7 and 28
days of curing on these properties except the
compaction properties have also been discussed.Rice
husk ash (RHA) is the ash produced by burning of
rice husk.Silica is the main constituent of rice husk
ash. It has been found to be pozzolanic material due
to its high amorphous silica content. Another waste
produced from paper manufacturing industry is lime
sludge the main constituent of which is lime.RHA as
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a pozzolanic material and lime sludge as a binder can
be utilized to stabilize expansive soil.
[7] JagmohanMishra ,R. K.Yadav& A. K. Singhai
“Effect of Granite Dust on Engineering Properties
of Lime Stabilized Black Cotton Soil” IJERT-
2014.
This paper presents the effect of granite dust on the
engineering characteristics of BC soil stabilised with
5% lime. A laboratory study was undertaken to
evaluate the effect of granite dust as a soil stabilizer.
Soil sample containing 5% lime and 0%, 10%, 20%
and 30% of granite dust were prepared and
compaction characteristic and California bearing ratio
test were conducted as per relevant IS code of
practise. The test results revealed that the compaction
parameters and CBR values of the soil are improved
substantially with the addition of the granite dust. It
is also found that the swelling of the BC soil is
almost controlled. The result showed the CBR value
increased from 1.7% to 7.15%, the optimum moisture
content have been reduced from 22% to 14.3% and
the maximum dry density have been increased from
1.58 g/cc to 1.88 g/cc. The conclusion drawn from
this experimental work is that the expansive clay like
black cotton soil can be stabilized by the combination
of lime and stone dust to control its swelling nature
and increase the stability.
[8]Muthu Kumar M &Tamilarasan V S “Effect of
Eggshell Powder in the Index and Engineering
Properties of black Cotton soil” IJETT-2014.
Soil is one of the most important materials used in a
variety of construction projects including earth canals
and earth dams. The fact that soil may provide all the
resistance characteristics necessary for a project
illustrates the importance of various methods used to
improve soil quality. Most of the failures of soil have
been attributed to poor strength. Stabilization of soil
by adding lime, cement, bitumen etc. are expensive
and therefore require an economic replacement. In
egg consumption, Tamilnadu stands second place in
India. Hence a huge amount of eggshell wastes are
produced every year. In the absence of an effective
waste disposal, the utilization of eggshell for soil
improvement will be a welcome development. In this
paper, we studied the suitability of egg shell powder
as a possible additive material to improve the
strength of soils. Soil samples were collected and
stabilized with eggshell powder in proportions of
0.5% to 5.5% at 0.5% interval by dry weight. The
index and engineering properties were carried out to
access the behaviour of soil with the addition of
eggshell powder. The unconfined compressive
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
strength test was carried out with and without delay
in compaction. Addition of eggshell powder to soil
sample lead to increase in unconfined compressive
strength. The maximum unconfined compressive
strength was attained at 3% eggshell powder
stabilization. The unconfined compressive strength
was increased in the delayed compaction than the
without delayed compaction. The use of eggshell
powder as an additive will therefore improve
thestrength of soils; however, using eggshell powder
quantities in excess of 3% may not yield ample
results.
[9]Akshaya Kumar Sabat “A review of literature
on stabilization of expansive soil using solid
wastes” EJGE-2014.
Expansive soil is a problematic soil for civil
engineers because of its low strength and cyclic
swellshrink behaviour. Stabilization using solid
wastes is one of the different methods of treatment, to
improve the engineering properties and make it
suitable for construction. The beneficial effects of
some prominent solid wastes as obtained in
laboratory studies, in stabilization of expansive soil
have been discussed in this paper. Expansive soil is a
term generally applied to any soil or rock material
that has a potential for shrinking or swelling under
changing moisture conditions.
[10]Dr. B C Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain &Arun
Kumar Jain “EVALUATION OF
COMPACTION AND SWELL
CHARACTERISTIC 0F BLACK COTTON SOIL
BY USING ADMIXTURE AS MARBLE DUST
AND COCONUT SHELL POWDER” IJAET-
2014.
The black cotton soil is expansive type of soil which
expand suddenly and start swelling when it comes in
contact with moisture. Due to this property the
strength and other properties of soil are very poor.
Expansive type of soil shows unpredictable behavior
with different kind of stabilizers. Soil stabilization is
a process to treat a soil to maintain, alter or improve
the performance of soil. In this study, the potential of
marble dust (by-product of marble industry) and
coconut shell powder as stabilizing additives to
expansive soil is evaluated. The evaluation involves
the determination of the improvement in the strength
properties of expansive soil in its natural state as well
as when mixed with varying proportion of marble
dust and coconut shell powder.The marble dust in
experimental program is obtained from cutting of
marble. The environmental degradation due to marble
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mining is much less than the environmental
degradation caused by the waste from marble
processing plants. Many researchers have reported
that marble has very high lime (CaO) content up to
55% by weight. The unconfined compression test is
conducted by making the specimens of black cotton
soil by adding the varying percentages of marble dust
and coconut shell powder and have been cured for 3,
7 and 14 days. The desirable change in the strength
properties of the soil have been observed.
[11] Monica Malhotra&Sanjeev Naval
“Stabilization of black cotton Soil Using Low Cost
Materials” IJEIT-2013.
For any structure, the foundation is very important
and it has to be strong to support the entire structure.
In order for the foundation to be strong, the soil
around it plays a very critical role. To work on soils,
we need to have proper knowledge about their
properties and factors which affect their behavior.
Expansive soils always create problems more for
lightly loaded structures than moderately loaded
structures. By consolidating under load and changing
volumetrically along with seasonal moisture
variation, these problems are manifested through
swelling, shrinkage and unequal settlement. In this
paper the experimental results obtained in the
laboratory on expansive soils treated with low cost
materials (lime and fly ash) are presented. A study is
carried out to check the improvements in the
properties of expansive soil with fly ash and lime in
varying percentages. The test results such as liquid
limit, standard proctor compaction, and differential
free swelling test obtained on expansive clays mixed
at different proportions of lime and fly ash admixture
are presented and discussed in this paper. The results
show that the stabilized clay has lesser swelling
potential whereas increase in optimum moisture
content has been observed
[12] H.N.Ramesh, A.J.Krishnaiah & S.Shilpa shet
“Effect of Lime on the Index Properties of Black
Cotton Soil and Mine tailings mixtures” IRJET-
2013.
Index properties are extensively used in geotechnical
engineering practice. Among them, liquid limit is an
important physical property used in classification and
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
correlations with engineering properties of soils.
Liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit of
Black cotton soil (BCS) and mine tailings (MT)
mixtures treated with lime are investigated and are
presented in this paper. In the present investigation an
attempt has been made to utilize the mine tailings in
geotechnical applications and to evaluate the index
properties of black cotton soil and mine tailings
mixture treated with lime. The test results indicate
that the progressive decrease in liquid limit, decrease
in plastic limit and increase in shrinkage limit with
curing time. The liquid limit in particular is used in
many correlations with engineering properties and it
is significant to know the stress history and general
properties of the soil met with constructions. Liquid
limit is used for the estimation of compression index
and compression index is useful for the settlement
analysis of soils. The Physico-chemical mechanism
which alter the index properties of black cotton soil
and mine tailings mixture treated with lime and the
mechanisms have been explained based on thickness
of diffused double layer and alteration of the reaction
products of soil-lime reaction for various curing
periods.
[13] J.B.Oza & Dr. P.J. Gundaliya “STUDY OF
BLACK COTTON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
WITH CEMENT WASTE DUST AND LIME”
NUiCONE-2013.
Stabilization of soils is an effective method for
improvement of soil properties and the pavement
system performance. Plasticity Index is one of the
important properties of soil to determine the behavior
of soil in presence of water. The poorest soil among
all is Black Cotton Soil (BC Soil). In Rajkot area this
BC Soil is spread over southern part of District. Rich
proportion of montmorillonite is found in BC Soil
from mineralogical analysis. High percentage of
montomorillonite renders high degree of
expansiveness. These property results cracks in soil
without any warning. These cracks have sometimes
extent severe limit like ½” to 12” deep. Use of this
type of land may suffer severe damage to the
construction with the change in atmospheric
conditions. In this paper, BC Soil was tested using
three different stabilizing agents - 1.Cement waste
dust collected from the cement plant 2. Cement Dust
+ Lime Powder 3. Lime Powder. The cement waste
dust was found best agent as a stabilizer to improve
the Atterbergs’ Limit and hence Plasticity Index of
BC Soil as well as the compressive strength of the
same. Laboratory tests were performed with different
percentages of three stages, each of them ranging
from 1% to 9%. The behavior of BC Soil of Rajkot
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Special Issue
region was improved with stage no. 1, the percentage
of Cement dust 7% of Cement dust in BC Soil is
looking to be the appropriate mixing. Also in second
stage, improvement is shown at 8% of combination
of cement dust and Lime powder. Third stage was
observed a best suited result at 9% of Lime powder in
BC Soil. The results, thus obtained in laboratory
under standard conditions provide satisfactory reason
to use the Cement dust as a stabilizing agent for the
purpose to improve Plasticity Index of BC Soil
compare to other two combinations.
[14] Dr. Ravi Kumar Sharma & Chayan Gupta
“Influence of Waste Materials on Geotechnical
Characteristics of Expansive Soil” IJERT-2013.
Rapid growth of industrialization produces hazardous
waste materials at a large extent. If there is any fault
in the disposal process of the waste materials then
they act as a pollutant and also affect the ecological
system of the environment. It shows that there is
urgent need for exploring the alternative of disposal
of these materials. In current practice, these waste
materials may be good alternative as construction
materials. This paper shows the influence of waste
materials such as Beas river sand, fly ash on
compaction, and strength characteristics of black
cotton soil. The utilization of these materials have
measurable advantage on the economy as well as the
strength, when used as construction materials in
infrastructure projects like pavements, hydraulics
structures, embankments, etc. and reduce the impact
on the environment.
[15]Pankaj R. Modak, Prakash B. Nangare,
Sanjay D. Nagrale, Ravindra D. Nalawade,
&Vivek S. Chavhan “Stabilisation of Black Cotton
Soil Using Admixtures” IJEIT-2012.
Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil (BC soil) is studied
by using Lime and Fly ash. BC soils are highly
clayey soils (Montmorillonite clay mineral). The
moisture changes in BC soils, compressibility and
plasticity nature can be greatly improved with the
addition of Lime and Fly ash. This paper includes the
evaluation of soil properties like Optimum moisture
content, dry density, and strength parameter
(California Bearing ratio value). Different quantities
of Lime and Fly ash (% by weight) are added to the
BC soil and the experiments conducted on these soil
mixes. The result shows that the use of Lime and Fly
ash increases the California Bearing Ratio values i.e.
the strength of soil to a great extent.Soil is defined as
sediments or other accumulation of mineral particles
produced by the physical or chemical disintegration
of rocks plus the air, water, organic matter and other
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
substances that may be included. Soil is typically a
non-homogeneous, porous, earthen material whose
engineering behavior is influenced by changes on
moisture content and density. Based on the origin,
soil can be broadly classified as organic and
inorganic. Organic soils are mixture derived from
growth and decay of plant life and also accumulation
of skeleton or shell of small organism. Inorganic soils
are derived from the mechanical or chemical
weathering of rocks. Inorganic soil that is still located
at the place where it was formed is referred to
residual soil. If the soil has been moved to another
location by gravity, water or wind, it is referred to as
transported soil. Black cotton soils are highly clay
soil grayish to blackish in color. They contain
montmorillonite clay mineral which has high
expensive characteristics. BC soils have low
shrinkage limit and high optimum moisture content.
It is highly sensitive to moisture changes,
compressible subgrade material. Hence the subgrade
and its undesirable characteristics to be modified
using a suitable stabilization technique. Stabilization
involves the methods used for modifying the
properties of a soil to improve its engineering
performance. In the construction of road and airfield
prevents the main objective of stabilization is to
increase the strength or stability of soil and to reduce
the construction cost by making best use of the
locally available materials.
[16] K. S. Gandhi “Expansive Soil Stabilization
Using Bagasse Ash” IJERT-2012.
Expansive clay soils, those that change significantly
in volume with change in water content are the cause
of distortions to structures that cost taxpayers several
billion dollars annually in the India. This paper is
based on some of the key advances developed over
the past 60 years in improving our understanding of
the nature and methods of modifying and stabilizing
expansive clay soils. Hence to improve the strength
of expansive soil of Surat region, bagasse ash used as
the additive which increase the stability of soil and
decrease the swelling of soil. As bagasse ash is high
in silica, calcium, and other minerals is provides the
necessary homogenous mass for performing the
required test. Different tests are carried out with
varying percentage of bagasse ash to check the effect
on swelling pressure and on basic properties. If any
research organization needs to examine, they can use
this result for a quick solution for this region, unless
there is extensive change in geological formation of
the strata.
[17] SACHIN BHAVSAR & ANKIT PATEL
“Compaction and Strength Behaviour of Black
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cotton soil Treated with Mine tailings”
IOSRJMCE-2012.
The black cotton soil is known as expansive soil due
to its property of swelling and expansiveness with
influence of variance moisture in soil. It also shows
shrinkage behavior when dried. Due to these
properties the strength characteristics are also
affected adversely. The black cotton soil is also
widely available in all around the world which leads
us to wastage of land for construction uses to resolve
this problem we can replace the expansive soil by
non-expansive soil which is also a costly option so in
this present paper we have stabilize a soil using waste
material named marble powder which is a byproduct
of marble industries. For the determination of
properties we have performed atterberg’s limit test,
particle size distribution by wet sieve analysis, free
swell index determination test, and linear shrinkage
test on the sample of 50% black cotton soil + 50%
marble powder. We have mark a great improvement
in engineering properties of black cotton soil by
stabilizing it with 50% of replacement by marble
powder. It also gives large decrement in swelling and
shrinkage behavior of soil.Expansive soils contain the
clay mineral montmorillonite with claystones,
sedimentary and residual soils are absorbing great
amount of water and expand. The expansive nature of
the clay is less near the ground surface where the
profile is subjected to seasonal and environment
changes. Expansive soils also shrink when they dry
out. Fissures in the soil can also develop. These
fissures help water to penetrate to deeper layers when
water is present.
[18] Mir Sohail Ali &Shubhada Sunil Koranne
“Performance Analysis of Expansive Soil Treated
With Stone Dust and Fly Ash” EJGE-2011.
The term expansive soil applies to soils that have the
tendency to swell when their moisture content is
increased and shrink when their moisture content is
decreased. The moisture may come from rain
flooding, leaking water or sewer lines or from
reduction in surface evapotranspiration when an area
is covered by a building or pavement. To achieve the
economy and for proper performance of structures it
is necessary to improve the geotechnical properties of
expansive soil. Due to the high demand for rubble
and aggregates for construction purposes, rubble
quarries and aggregate crushers are very common.
Out of the different quarry wastes, quarry dust is one,
which is produced in abundance. About 20–25% of
the total production in each crusher unit is left out as
the waste material-stone dust. Bulk utilization of this
waste material is possible through geotechnical
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
applications like embankments, back-fill material,
sub-base material and the like. Fly ash is a waste by
product from thermal power plants, and consuming
thousands hectares of precious land for its disposal
and also causing severe health and environmental
hazards. This paper presents the results of an
experimental program undertaken to investigate the
effect of stone dust & flyash combine at different
percentage on expansive soil, the test results such as
index properties, Proctors compaction, swelling and
unconfined compression strength obtained on
expansive clays mixed at different proportions of fly
ash and stone dust admixture are presented and
discussed.
[19] Nadgouda, K.A. & Hegde, R.A "The Effect
of Lime Stabilization on Properties of Black
Cotton Soil" IGC-2010.
Black cotton soil is one of the major soil deposits of
India. They exhibit high swelling and shrinking when
exposed to changes in moisture content and hence
have been found to be most troublesome from
engineering considerations. Stabilization occurs when
lime is added to black cotton soil and a pozzolanic
reaction takes place. The hydrated lime reacts with
the clay particles and permanently transforms them
into a strong cementitious matrix. Black cotton soil
showing low to medium swelling potential from
Latur, Maharashtra was used for determining the
basic properties of the soil. Changes in various soil
properties such as Liquid limit, Plastic Limit,
Maximum Dry Density, Optimum Moisture Content,
Differential Free Swell, Swelling Pressure and
California Bearing Ratio were studied.
[20] S. Bhuvaneshwari , R. G. Robinson & S. R.
Gandhi “STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE
SOILS USING FLYASH” IJEIT-2005.
Infrastructure projects such as highways, railways,
water reservoirs, reclamation etc. requires earth
material in very large quantity. In urban areas,
borrow earth is not easily available which has to be
hauled from a long distance. Quite often, large areas
are covered with highly plastic and expansive soil,
which is not suitable for such purpose. Extensive
laboratory / field trials have been carried out by
various researchers and have shown promising results
for application of such expansive soil after
stabilization with additives such as sand, silt, lime,
fly ash, etc. As fly ash is freely available, for projects
in the vicinity of a Thermal Power Plants, it can be
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used for stabilization of expansive soils for various
uses. The present paper describes a study carried out
to check the improvements in the properties of
expansive soil with fly ash in varying percentages.
Both laboratory trials and field tests have been
carried out and results are reported in this paper. One
of the major difficulties in field application is
thorough mixing of the two materials (expansive soil
and fly ash) in required proportion to form a
homogeneous mass. The paper describes a method
adopted for placing these materials in layers of
required thickness and operating a “Disc Harrow”.
CONCLUSION
The following conclusions can be drawn from the
experimental results on Stabilization of Black cotton
soil with Marble dust powder and Coconut shell
powder with varyingpercentages.
1. It can be concluded that there is an improvement of
all the geotechnical properties of marble dust powder
and coconut shell powder treated black cottonsoil.
2. From the results of unconfined compression test it
is observed that the maximum unconfined
compression strength is obtained by addition of 15%
MP + 15% CSP to the Black cottonsoil.
3. The unconfined compression strength of the soil
increased as the curing period of the
specimenincreases.
4. A reduction in plasticity index causes a significant
decrease in swell potential .This results confirm that
the mix(MP15%+CSP15%) hardens, such that it
possesses less damage to the building in site due to
settlement. when the soil is mixed with these
percentage as compare to the soilstrata.
5. From the economic analysis it is found that, a
substantial save in cost of construction is possible by
making use of two waste materials like Marble dust
powder and Coconut shell powder can be utilized to
strengthen the Black cottonsoil.
6. It can be concluded that the soil treated with
Marble dust powder and Coconut shell powder can
be utilized as a soil stabilizer which minimize the
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
settlement problems and the same can reduce the
environmental issues.
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