1.

INTRODUCTION
Production of CPUs has increased due to higher number of kernels in single chip. Multiple
instructions multiple

data is used in modern processors where each kernel operates for different processors and executes
various

instructions. Unlike CPUs NVIDIA GPUs have multiprocessors with the number of kernels greater
than eight,

with hundreds of arithmetic logic units, with thousands of counters and minor split of storage
memory.

While developing kernels of central processor, engineers oriented on fulfilling a single stream of
sequential

instructions with maximum capacity as well as graphical kernels designed for the rapid response of
large number

of parallel, executable stream instructions. Functioning of graphics processing unit is parallelized from
the

beginning. Paralleling algorithms on large number of running units is basic for effective usage of GPU
computing

resource
s.

Due to thus structure of graphical kernels question arises on how effective is running its resources in
order to

achieve higher time indices. The research in this field is necessary. Also the question of reducing
energy

consumption in computational process is actual and

perspective.

The purpose of this work is researching various functioning modes of graphics processing unit and
energy

consumption in response to the number of operating computing units. This article describes the
experiment of

how energy consumption changes as the number if running units and

streams differ.

2. PARALLEL CALCULATIONS ON GPU

The use of parallel calculations in GPU by using computing power of video chip an increase of
productivity in

comparison to central processor can range from 5 to 30 times. For example, NVIDIA figures of
acceleration:

1. For fluorescent microscopy –

12x

2. For molecular dynamics – 8 to

16x

3. For electrostatics (Straight and multilayer summation of Coulomb) – 40

to 120x

Currently, calculations on GPU are being applied to fields like analysis and image/sound processing,
physics

simulation, cryptography, adaptive radiation therapy, geo information

systems, etc.

The fields of application vary and due to high productivity and wide range of tasks it is necessary to
research the

energy consumption in computing process and where possible applying provided algorithms to
reduce expenses.

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3. MEASURING TOOLS
Measuring tools for energy consumption powered by graphics processing unit. Such tools as current
sensor,

microcontroller unit (ST) have been used to measure energy consumption. To receive data, connect
current sensor.
After an input signal is converted, the result will be
shown.

Four pins are used for sensing the current coming from μP / μC. The analog signal produced is
passed on to ADC

for processing along with DMAC. Further analysis is done by transferring to virtual COM
port of PC.

4. EXPERIMENT
Model of programming in CUDA involves grouping the streams. They are gathered into thread block –

dimensional and two-dimensional grids of streams that interact between each other by splitting
storage memory

and synch points. The program (kernel) executes over the grid of thread blocks as shown
in Figure 1
 Figure 1 Structure of grouping the stream on
GPU

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5. EXPERIMENT
Grids interact with each other by splitting memory and synch points. To optimize the number of blocks
and

streams in the video card an experiment has been carried out. It will define the energy consumption in
response

to the number of operating computing

units.

In creation of experiment graphics processing unit NVIDIA GeForce GTX 480 has been used. Before
data is

collected from computing device, program has been created where matrices are multiplied with the
use of graphics

processor resources. Multiplication is realized with block multiplication. Block matrix can be visualized
as the

original matrix with a collection of the horizontal and vertical lines, which break it out into a collection
of smaller

matrice
s.

Multiplication formula for matrices A and

B:

nCij = ∑ Aik × Bkj

k=1

6. RESULTS AND
DISCUSSIONS

The result of this experiment is as shown in the following graph

(Figure 2)

Figure 2 Energy consumption in response to the number of operating computing

units

According to Figure 3 it is obvious that with maximum number of blocks when computing on graphical
processor,

computing time does not change

significantly.

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 Figure 3 Dependency of computing time from number of computing
blocks

It is graphically demonstrated in figure 4 how the level of energy consumption depends on the
number of blocks

and threads. From the charts it can be said that energy consumption depends on the number used
computing

elements of GPU. Summarizing the results of experiment, the fact that the optimal number of blocks
for

computing energy of blocks for computing energy efficiency is maximum, supported by GPU, can
been

confirmed. When determining the number of streams certain dependency can be observed leading to
formula,

which optimized the number of used streams on GPU.

(Page 5)

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7.
CONCLUSION(S)
1. Energy consumption is a direct function of number of computing
blocks

2. Optimization of energy consumption can be done

through

i. Software improvising (optimal

algorithms)

ii. Hardware improvising (optimum internal

architecture)

3. Studying and understanding external dependencies help us improve further (i.e. more dependency
knowledge

directly corresponds to a more accurate

model)

8.
REFERENCES
[1] Technical paper –
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7910995

[2] ACS712 –
https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/BreakoutBoards/0712.pdf

[3] CUDA architecture

overview –

http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/docs/CUDA_Architecture_Overv
iew.pdf
Figure 4 Energy consumption in response to the number of blocks and
threads
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