University of the Philippines

College of Science

PHYSICS 73
1st Long Problem Set

1st semester
AY 2010 - 2011
INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the best answer and shade the corresponding circle in
your answer sheet. To change your answer, cross-out and sign your original
answer and then shade your new answer.

USEFUL CONSTANTS:
ideal gas constant: R = 8.314 J/mol⋅ K = 0.08206 L⋅ atm/mol⋅ K
Boltzmann constant: k = 1.381× 10-23 J/molecule⋅ K
Stefan-Boltzmann constant: σ = 5.67× 10-8 W/m2⋅ K4
1 atmosphere = 1.01× 105 Pascal
1000 liter = 1 m3
Avogadro’s number: NA = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol

INFORMATION ABOUT WATER:

normal freezing point = 273.15 K = 0.00oC
normal boiling point = 373.15 K = 100.00oC
triple-point temperature = 273.16 K = 0.01oC
specific heat (liquid water) = 4.19× 103 J/kg⋅ K
specific heat (ice) = 2.10× 103 J/kg⋅ K
latent heat of fusion = 3.34× 105 J/kg
latent heat of vaporization = 2.256× 106 J/kg

Lecture Hour 2

1. Which of the following principles justifies the use of thermometers?

a. zeroth law of thermodynamics
b. first law of thermodynamics
c. second law of thermodynamics
d. third law of thermodynamics
e. fourth law of thermodynamics

2. When we measure the temperature of an object using a properly calibrated gas thermometer, we place
the gas thermometer in thermal contact with the object. To infer the temperature, we must
measure____________

A. the pressure exerted by the gas

B. the volume of the gas
C. the number of moles of gas
D. the number of molecules of gas
E. the density of the gas.

3. The Rankine temperature scale has the same zero as the Kelvin scale but the divisions are the same as
the Fahrenheit scale. If the temperature change between morning and noon is 5.0°C, what is the
temperature change in degrees Rankine?
A. 9.0
B. 2.8
C. 500.
D. 494
E. none of the above
Lecture Hour 3

4. The coefficient of linear expansion of a solid material is found to be 2.4 x 10-5 K-1. If the temperature
of this material is raised by 47C0, what is the change in its volume if it initially has a volume of 17 cubic
centimetres?
a. 0.019 cc
b. 0.058 cc
c. 0.000072 cc
d. 0.0034 cc
e. not enough information

5. A 1000.00 cm3 glass container is completely filled with mercury at 273.15 K. The system is then
heated to 328.15 K and 8.95 cm3 of mercury overflow. Given that the coefficient of volume expansion
of mercury is 18.0 x 10-5 K-1, find the coefficient of volume expansion of glass.
a. 1.7 x 10-5 K-1
b. 2.7 x 10-5 K-1
c. 3.7 x 10-5 K-1
d. 4.7 x 10-5 K-1
e. 5.7 x 10-5 K-1

6. It is known that the fractional changes in length, area and volume are proportional to the change in
temperature; that is ΔL/L=α ΔT, ΔA/A= η ΔT, ΔV/V = βΔT. Which of the following is true
(i) α = 2 η
(ii) 2α = η
(iii) 1.5 α = β
(iv) β = 2α
(v) β = 3α
(vi) 3α = η

A. (i) and (iv)

B. (i) and (v)
C. (ii) and (vi)
D. (ii) and (v)
E. (i) and (vi)

Lecture Hour 4

7. 10 kg of ice at 0 °C is mixed with 15 kg of steam at 100 °C in a thermally isolated container and

allowed to reach thermal equilibrium. What is the final temperature of the resulting mixture?
Lv(water)=2256 x 103 J/(kg K)
A. 689 ºC
B. 100 ºC
C. 167 °C
D. 7.14 ºC
E. 0.00° C

8. Silver has a melting point of 1234 K, a specific heat of 234 J/kg K and a heat of fusion 88.3 x 103 J/K,
while Gold has a melting point of 1336 K, a specific heat of 126 J/kg K and a heat of fusion 64.5 x 103
J/K. If 3.0 kg of gold and silver are initially at a temperature of 298.15 K, which metal will require more
heat to melt, and how much heat is required to melt that metal?

a. Gold, with an amount of heat of 9.21 x 105 J

b. Silver, with an amount of heat of 9.21 x 105 J
c. Both will require an equal amount of heat of 3.92 x 105 J
d. Gold, with an amount of heat of 5.86 x 105 J
e. Silver, with an amount of heat of 5.86 x 105 J

Lecture Hour 5

9. Consider heat conducted through two different types of materials. Which of the following statements
is true?
a. If heat flows through the materials in series, then the total heat current is additive.
b. Heat transfer via radiation always takes place through some medium.
c. The heat current is the same regardless if the materials are connected in series or not.
d. A good absorber of radiation must also be a good emitter of radiation.
e. No actual motion of fluid is involved in convection.

10. One end of an insulated metal rod is maintained at 1000C, and the other end is maintained at 00C by
an ice-water mixture. The rod is 60.0 cm long and has a cross-sectional area of 1.25 cm2. The heat
conducted by the rod melts 8.50g of ice in 10min. Find the thermal conductivity k of the metal.
a. 227 W/m K
b.158 W/m K
c. 349 W/m K
d. 251 W/m K
e. 0.0227 W/(m K)

Lecture Hour 6

11. It was experimentally determined that the pressure of system is directly proportional to its volume
and inversely proportional to the square of its temperature. Which of the following is a possible equation
of state for the system?
a. pV = cT
b. pV = cT2
c. pT2 = cV
d. p/T2 = cV
e. p = cV/T

12. Which of the following is NOT a state variable?

A. Work
B. Internal energy
C. Entropy
D. Temperature
E. Pressure

Lecture Hour 7

13. A room with dimensions 7.00 m X 8.00 m X 2.50 m is filled with pure oxygen at 22.0 °C and
pressure 1.00 atm. How many moles of oxygen is in the room?

A. 5.78 x 103 moles

B. 7.75 x 104 moles
C. 5.71 x 102 moles
D. 0.765 moles
E. 765 moles
14. A welder using a tank of 0.750 m3 fills it with oxygen gas (molar mass=32.0 g/mol) at a gauge
pressure of 3.00 x 105 Pa and temperature of 37.0 °C. What is the mass of the oxygen in the tank?
1 atmosphere = 1.01× 105 Pascal
A. 2.34 x 104 g
B. 2.79 x 103 g
C. 3.13 x 104 g
D. 57.9 g
E. 3.73 x 103 g

15. An ideal gas has a temperature of 383.15 K, while its pressure is 2.02 x 105 Pa. If the molecules of
this ideal gas are spheres with a radius of 5.0 x 10-12 m, what would be the mean free path of the
molecules of this ideal gas?

a. 16.4 m
b. 8.34 x 10-5 m
c. 5.90 x 10-5 m
d. 2.95 x 10-16 m
e. 1.85 x 104 m

Lecture Hour 8

16. According to the kinetic theory of gases, which of the following assumptions is not valid?

a. The gas contains a very large number of molecules N inside a container of volume V.
b. The molecules are assumed to have a finite dimension, with a finite radius.
c. The molecules are governed by Newton's laws of motion.
d. Any collisions made by the molecule with the container walls is perfectly elastic.
e. The container walls are infinitely massive, perfectly rigid and do not move.

17. A gas made of He molecules satisfies the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The temperature of the
gas is 500 K; and the molar mass of He is 4.003 g/mole. What is the root-mean-square speed?
A. 5.55 m/s
B. 2.50 m/s
C. 55.8 m/s
D. 1.77 x 103 m/s
E. 175 m/s

The following table gives the fraction of molecules with v/vrms below a given value.
v/vrms Fraction
0.20 0.011
0.40 0.077
0.60 0.218
0.80 0.411
1.00 0.608
1.20 0.771
1.40 0.882
1.60 0.947
1.80 0.979
2.00 0.993
18. A gas made of He molecules (a monatomic gas) satisfies the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The
temperature of the gas is 500 K. The molar mass of He is 4.003 g/mole. What is the probability that a
randomly chosen molecule has a speed less than 1.062 x 103 m/s?
A. 0.011
B. 0.077
C. 0.218
D. 0.411
E. 0.608

Lecture Hour 9

19. Consider the phase diagram of water. At the triple point of the phase diagram, which of the
following phases of water will exist?

a. Liquid Water
b. Ice
c. Water Vapor
d. Ice and Liquid Water
e. Ice, Water Vapor and Liquid Water

20. Assume that a molecule of an ideal gas has three translational, three rotational and two vibrational
degrees of freedom. If the equipartition law is valid for this molecule, what would be the specific heat
capacity at constant volume of this ideal gas?

a. 8.314 J/mol K
b. 12.47 J/mol K
c. 20.79 J/mol K
d. 33.26 J/mol K
e. 24.94 J/mol K

21. Heating at constant pressure. How much heat in Joules is needed to heat 2.00 moles of hydrogen
gas (a diatomic gas) so that its temperature is increased from 20 to 100 C, while keeping the pressure
constant? Assume that the heat capacity at constant volume of hydrogen is well-approximated by the
equipartition theorem.
A. 2.00 kJ
B. 19.7 J
C. 4.66 kJ
D. 2.49 kJ
E. 9.31 kJ

Lecture Hour 10

22. Consider 7.25 mol of an ideal gas which is expanding isothermally, causing its pressure to drop by
half. If the temperature of the ideal gas during the expansion is 300.15 K, how much work is done by the
ideal gas as it expands?

a. 1.25 x 104 J
b. -1.25 x 104 J
c. 2.50 x 104 J
d. -2.50 x 104 J
e. 0 J
23. 2.00 moles of an ideal diatomic gas (γ=1.40) undergoes a constant pressure expansion. Its initial
volume, pressure and temperature is 1.0 m3, 4.99 kPa and 300 K respectively. If its final volume is 3.0
m3, what is the work done by the gas?
A. 9.98 kJ
B. 24.9 kJ
C. 6.88 kJ
D. 5.48 kJ
E. 0.18 J

24. 2.0 moles of an ideal diatomic gas (γ=1.40) undergoes a constant temperature expansion. Its initial
volume, pressure and temperature is 1.0 m3, 4.99 kPa and 300 K respectively. If its final volume is 3.0
m3, what is the work done by the gas?
A. 9.98 kJ
B. 24.9 kJ
C. 6.88 kJ
D. 5.48 kJ
E. 0.18 J

Lecture Hour 11

25. Which of the following relations will hold for an ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic process?

a. ΔU = 0
b. W = 0
c. Q = 0
d. ΔU = Q > 0
e. W = P(V2-V1)

26. Thermodynamic Processes. In an isobaric process, which of the following quantities remains
constant in value?

a. Volume
b. Temperature
c. Internal Energy
d. Pressure
e. Entropy

27. In a certain chemical process, a lab technician supplies 254 kJ of heat to a system, and at the same
time, the system does 73 kJ of work on the surroundings. What is the change in internal energy of the
system?
A. 181 kJ
B. 327 kJ
C. -181 kJ
D. -327 kJ
E. none of the above

Lecture Hour 12

28. Consider 6.75 mol of a diatomic ideal gas whose temperature increases from 298.15 K to 323.15 K.
If the volume of this ideal gas remains constant, what would be the change in its internal energy?

a. 0 J
b. 1403.0 J
c. 4209.0 J
d. 2014.5 J
e. 3507.5 J

29. 9.50 mol of a monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically, in the process causing its temperature to
drop from 450.5 K to 380.5 K. What would be the change in internal energy of this ideal gas?

a. -8293 J
b. 8293 J
c. 13820 J
d. -13820 J
e. 5529 J

30. Change in Internal Energy for an Ideal Gas. What is the change in the internal energy of 30.0 mol
of Oxygen (a diatomic gas) if its temperature changes from 290.15 K to 360.15 K?

a. 4.80 x 103 J
b. 5.24 x 104 J
c. 1.75 x 104 J
d. 2.62 x 104 J
e. 4.36 x 104 J

Lecture Hour 13

31. What is the efficiency of an engine that discards 5500 J of heat per cycle to perform 2600 J of work?
a. 32%
b. 47%
c. 68%
d. 3.1%
e. None of the above

32. How much heat does an internal combustion engine discard if it takes in 10 kJ of heat from burning
its fuel and if it has r =9.50 and γ = 1.40?
a. 4063.6 J
b. 133 kJ
c. 1052.6 J
d. 5936.4 J
e. not enough information

33. Engine Cycles. What would be the efficiency of a heat engine which obeys the Otto cycle (r = 9) and
uses as its working substance Helium (γ = 1.67)?

a. 97%
b. 77%
c. 57%
d. 87%
e. 67%

Lecture Hour 14

34. What is the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator operating as a Carnot engine between 5.0 oC
and 25oC?
a. 0.25
b. 0.068
c. 15
d. 14
e. 5

35. A refrigerator absorbs 5.00 kJ of energy from a freezer and rejects 8.00 kJ into the environment.
Find the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator.

a. 1.67
b. 0.6
c. 0.375
d. 2.67
e. 0.63

36. REFRIGERATOR. Due to the summer heat, you want to make your room as cool as possible. You
don’t own an air conditioning unit but an “ingenious” idea pops on your head: keep all doors and
windows closed, set your refrigerator at the lowest temperature setting and keep its door open. Recalling
your Physics 73 lessons you realize that this won’t work because:

a. Your refrigerator cannot generate enough coolness.

b. The temperature difference between your room and refrigerator is very large.
c. The refrigerator takes heat from the room but throws a larger amount right back at the room.
d. The power needed to cool your way through this method is very large.
e. The temperature difference between your room and refrigerator is not large enough.

Lecture Hour 16
37. A Carnot heat engine's heat reservoir is at a temperature of 501°C, while its cold reservoir is at a
temperature of 25.0 °C. What is the thermal efficiency of this engine?

a. 0.655
b. 1.60
c. 19.04
d. 0.950
e. 0.615

38. A Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs at temperatures TH = 300 K and TC = 77 K. If it
absorbs 150 J of energy from the hot reservoir for each cycle, how much work does it do?
a. 38.5 J
b. 111.5 J
c. 74.3 J
d. 25.7 J
e. 51.8 J

39. A Carnot engine takes in steam at 2700C and discharges condensed steam at 500C. If the useful
power output of the engine is 100 kW, how much heat does it release to the surroundings in 1h?
a. 8.89 x 109 J
b. 3.60 x 108 J
c. 3.31 x 107 J
d. 2.19 x 106 J
e. not enough information
40. An engine operates between 200K and 100 K. In each cycle it takes 100 J from the hot reservoir,
loses 25 J to the cold reservoir, and does 75 J of work. This engine violates:
A. both the first and second laws of thermodynamics
B. the first law but not the second law of thermodynamics
C. the second law but not the first law of thermodynamics
D. neither the first law nor the second law of thermodynamics
E. cannot answer without knowing the mechanical equivalent of heat

Lecture Hour 17

41. Rank, from smallest to largest, the changes in entropy of a pan of water on a hot plate, as the
temperature of the water
1. goes from 20◦ C to 30◦ C
2. goes from 30◦ C to 40◦ C
3. goes from 40◦ C to 45◦ C
4. goes from 80◦ C to 85◦ C

A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 4, 3, 2, 1
C. 1 and 2 tie, then 3 and 4 tie
D. 3 and 4 tie, then 1 and 2 tie
E. 4, 3, 2, 1

Lecture Hour18

42. Three moles of an ideal gas occupy a volume V. The gas undergoes a free expansion to a
volume 6V. What is the change in entropy of the gas?
A. 17.3 J/K
B. 27.4 J/K
C. 44.7 J/K
D. 100.1 J/K
E. 149.6 J/K

43. Consider N molecules of an ideal gas which occupies a volume V. The gas then expands to a volume
2V. Suppose there are three possible ways for this expansion to occur:
(i) adiabatic reversible
(ii) adiabatic irreversible
(iii) isothermal reversible
(iv) isobaric reversible
Which of the above processes will yield the largest change in entropy?
a. (iv)
b. (iii)
c. (ii)
d. (i)
e. all of the above have the same change in entropy

44. Let k be the Boltzmann constant. If the thermodynamic state of a gas at temperature T
changes isothermally and reversibly to a state with three times the number of microstates as
initially, the heat input to the gas is:
A. Q = 0
B. Q = 3kT
C. Q = −3kT
D. kT ln 3
E. −kT ln 3

45. An isothermal process for an ideal gas is represented on a P-V diagram by:
A. a horizontal line
B. a vertical line
C. a portion of an ellipse
D. a portion of a parabola
E. a portion of a hyperbola

END OF EXAM