Unit I Technology

一■ ■ 一
FEATURES Look at the photo and the caption. How do you think they
are going to 'work together'? In what ways do robots already
94 lnvention for the eyes work with humans?
An inventor finds a 2 2"7 Listen to someone talking about the importance of
'1..:,'
solution to make the whole technology in our lives. Answer the questions.
world see
1 What everyday jobs does technology do for humans?
96 Technology for 2 Under what circumstances does technology ever make
mistakes?
explorers 3 Where does the robot in the photo work? What does it do?
How technology is
changing the world of 3 Which of these comments are true for a robot, a human
exploration or both?

98 Designs from nature has new ideas

\A/hat we can learn from the
design of animals
102 Wind power
Avideo about how one
American school is using
this energy source
never gets hungry or
finds solutions and solves problems
tired can make a mistake
doesn't get bored always follows instructions
makes decisions invents things
4 Work in groups. Compare humans and technology. Think of
two more advantages or disadvantages for each.

重●①よ襲 A NEW iNVENT10N PLANNING AN EXPEDIT10N lMPROVING DESIGN HOW SOMETHING WORKS
t AN ARGUMENT FORTECHNOLOGY
=菫
speaking solving a problem . listening a science programme t grammar defining relative clauses '
speaking a new invention

8a Invention for the eyes

Speaking 4鶉 2.9 Listen to the irst half of the prograllrme again.
Number the instructions on● e diagram in tl■ e correct
「hat problems did these
瑠 ルVork in pairs ルヽ order(14).
famous inventions solVe?Check your
answers on Page 153.

Brb‖ le electric li9ht buib

micro、 ヘ
ノaVe OVen post― it note telescope

惣 Think of one lllore invention that solved

:髄 黒鮒盤精盤朧 ch was
器ostilnportantin wheel
the ll■ human history

鼈‡
3te爾 ;爾 鬱
議■12.8 This■ betan man is wearing a The lens changes shaPe.
new、 rtype of glasses Listen to a science I The wearer turns the wheels on each side'
progranlllle about the glasses.Answver The silicone oll moves into the lens.
the questions The pump pushes the silicone oil through the pipe'

What is a problem for manY PeoPle in

the world?
2 How can the glasses solve this problem?
3 In which parts of the world do people
5磋 2.10 Listen to the second half ofthe programme
again.Are the sentences true(T)Or falSe(F)?
now wear the glasses?
l JOShua had tO dO experiments with the glasses before
they worked properlY.
つ４ う０

The first marrwho used the glasses made clothes'

The glasses are expensive to produce.
′

Thiriy thousand people will have the glasses by 2020'

４

How does joshua's invention compare with your list

of other inventions in Exercise 2? Does it solve a bigger
problem?

::■ ■
111
Grammar defining relative clauses
1:氏 ■ ? Look at the sentences (a-c) from the science programme'
Answer the questions'
a These people live in parts of the world where there
aren't manY oPticians.
b There is a scientist who has found a solution to
the problem.
c joshua Silver has invented glasses which don't need
an optician.
１■    つ４

\ trhich word (zuhere, r.t)ho or which) do we use to talk

about a) a persorL b) a place and c) a thing?
In sentence a, the highlighted part is called the
defining relative clause. It gives essential information
to help people identify which person, place or thing
*" uri talking about. Underline the defining relative
clause in sentences b and c.
 Unit 8 Technology

‐
The first person who used the new glasses was a

袋勒 櫻鑢
鶉黎腱
man in Ghana.
Silver started an organisation which is called the
'Centre for Vision in the Developinq World'.
The organisation has worked in many places where
over thirty thousand people now wear the glasses. There are still over one billion people in the
world 1 whq need clgq;n zuqfey. They live in regions
You can use that instead of who or which (but not water supply. Now, some
where). lt's less formal. inventors 3 have developed
Tim Berners Lee is the man that invented the World Lifestraw. lt's an invention a .. .. .. ...

Wide Web. while you drink. lt doesn't have any moving parts
It's the invention that's changed the world. so it lasts a long time and
This is the room that where he invented it. it's cheap to produce ($2 each). lt's also small and
easy to carry to places 6
i"r irr,f.r"r information and practice, see page 163.
other sources of water

尋 Look at the grammar box. Then complete the

sentences withwho, which or zuhere.Underline
the defining relative clause. 整観′

1 Einstein was a scientist changed

the way we think.
2 The Hubble Telescope in space can see
places no one has ever been.
3 Concorde was the first commercial
aeroplane flew at supersonic
speed.
4 Silicon Valley is a place many
successful technology companies like
Apple and Microsoft are based.
5 h 1800 Alessandro Volta built a machine
was the first battery.
5 Hedy Lamarr was a woman
was famous as an actress in the 1940s.
She was also the co-inventor of a secret
communication system.

In which sentences in Exercise B can you use

thst at the beginning of the relative clause?

10 Complete the text on the right about another

invention, Lifestraw. Use these phrases and a
relative pronoun (roho, ruhich or uhere). 翁pcak意 爾め
cleans the water n€ed_e}ean-wster 盆 予VOrk in groups.Invent a new kind ofrobot、 へ ″hich
there is a lake, river can break helPS people.E)iscuss these questions and drav`
there is no safe a silllple design of the rObOt with any important
specialise in solving problems like this infOrination on a large sheet of Paper
O ツVhatis the rObOt for(e.g.cleaning the house)?
11 Think of a famous person, a famous invention O Who wvill useit(e.g.busy wvorking people)?
and a famous place or city. Write a sentence to ・ VVhere can you use it(e g arOund the office)?
define each one. Then swap sentences with your
partner. Can he/she guess what they are? 8 Prepare and give a short presentation for the class
about your nevv invention
Example:
ll's ri lltitl rt;hit:it tyL;;t it:.tl i.r: ryr.t;.r';.r.;ti1::tl:'t'. Oυ r ne1/1/ノ nvenJonな a robol1/7わ Fcわ .…

li's st:ii.;l.l lttr! ii ltits c iein( rtrii!)i'tl. iti lly!l

,.,
t1t,.... .- ! :,-1,.
-,.,,:t .\t)1,t\
lli1/l It's for people who ...
)
I

You can use it in places where ...

幽隆菫嚢 レ PLANNING AN EXPED打 10N !MPROⅥ NG DESIGN HOW SOMETHING WORKS

聰 =文AN ARGUMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY
 vocabulary the lnternet .
reading technology for explorers . grammar zero and first conditional .
pronunciation intonation in conditional sentences . vocabulary and speaking planning an expedition

‐
8b Technology for explorers
Vocahulary the lnternet ◎寺中

1 Complete the comments from different people 争 http://blogs.ngm.comlblog centrallrvildl

about how they use the Internet with these verbs.

do download
subscribe upload write
log on search sett p
□:ダ、 ::

I €.1J-..W an account with a social networking

site because it's a good way to keep in touch
with old friends.
Does anyone buy CDs anymore? I don't. It's
NttM Mb鸞 獨趙声菫L膠
much easier to llln uslc. Kamchatka Project
I a weekly blog with all my family's Posted by jay Gifford I luly 15, 2:55 PI\I
news.
After travelling round the world for almost half a week and
A lot of my friends online gaming moving through three international airports and nineteen time
but I find it all a bit boring. zones, we finally step offthe helicopter. We are at the beginning
\A/hen I need to find information quickly, the of the Karimskaya River in the region of Kamchatka. lt's a bright
first thing I do is to the web. sunny day and in the far distance I can see the Karimski volcano.
I to a daily podcast which gives me This is probably the wildest place in Russia but if the weather is
all the latest news. this good for the next few days, the expedition will go well.
7 My friends and family and share
their photos all the time.
8 Online banking is so easy. You just
with a password and your account details.
2 Wnicn of the sentences in Exercise 1 are true for
you? Change any sentences which are untrue or
give more details.

I write a blog but I don't write about my family.

I describe what my friends and I like doing.

ln the past, when explorers arrived in a strange place. they put

up their tents or cooked a meal. But nowadays, when explorers
arrive in a new place, they log on to
their social networking site using a
satellite phone. I write,'Just landed.
Need to relax for a few hours.'
Explorers in the past wrote about
their adventures in book which
were published months or years
later. Nowadays, I post a message
Reading in seconds.

3 Read the blog on the right. Answer the questions.
1 How does ]ay Gifford use the internet?
2 \Mhy does he think modern technology is
important for explorers?
4 Read the blog again. \tVhich of these things does Jay
write about on his social networking sites?
. where he is
. what he is doing at the moment
. his plans for later
. his recent news
. his opinions
Sites like Facebook and Twitter
also help if we have a problem.
Someone in our group touched a
strange plant and suddenly his skin
was red and painful. I asked for advice on Twitter:'Hand touched
a strange plant. ltt red and hot. Any advice?'Minutes later,
someone who knew the region replied,'Probably a Pushki plant.
lf it is, it'll hurt but itwon't killyou!'ln the age of the modern
explorer, communication like this really helps to make decisions
and sometimes it even saves lives.
Continue reading this entry >
Posted by Jay Gifford I Comments (21)
Filed.Under: Kamchatka, Karimskaya, Wild, River

Gramm ar zero and first
cond itional
5 Look at the sentences (a-c) from
the blog in Exercise 3. Answer the
questions (1-2).
a If the weather is this good for the
next few days, the expedition will
go well.
Sites like Facebook and Twitter also
help if we have a problem.
\Mhen explorers arrive in a new
place, they log on to their social
networking site.
１ ■     つ４
\tVhich sentences talks about things
that are generally true?
\tVhich sentence talks about a
possible future situation?
iflwhen + present simple, present simple
When we have news, we text all our friends^
We text all our friends if we have news.
first conditional
lf + present simple. wll/ (won't)
lf I hear any news, I'll text you.
l'll text you if I hear any news.
For further information and practice,
page 163.
‐A NEW INVEN■ ON >■
奎鯰鯰凩鯰璽赳 ■ 硼 Щ Ш口 詢 出 塾 墜ロ ユ 回 』
AN ARGUMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY
Unit 8 Technology
鰊 2.1l Look atthe grammar box.Complete tlle conversation
beれveen hvo exPlorers Planning a canoeing expedition lvith
the correct forin of the verbs.Then listen and check your
ansル vers.
A:So′ what are wve goillg to take with us?
B: ヤVell′ I don/t knowv vvhat the wveather/s going to be like.If it
rains/wel (need)all this waterproof clotl■ ing.
A:Yes′ butif we take allthat′ tl■ ere 2 (nOt/be)
space for anything else.Anywvaン ル vhen l go canoeing/
13 (always/ get) wet. Why are you packing that?
Ｂ Ａ
If we don't have a map, we (probably / get) lost.
Don′ t worrv lf15 (bring) my GPS, we'IIknow
exactly where we are at all times. What about food?
B: I normally take tins and packets of food when I 6
(go) on a trip like this.
A: Good idea. If you carry the food in your canoe/
Iア (pack) both the tents in mine.
B: Maybe that's not such a good idea. If something
(happen) to one of us, then the other person either won't
have any food or won't have a tent.
A: Well, hopefully that e (not / happen) if we're
careful.
７   ａ
Pronunciation intonation in conditional sentences
輻 2.12 1n conditional sentences′ when the′ tυ ルηClause is
firSt the intonation rises and then falls.Listen and repeat.
ン 、
If it rainsハ ve/1l need tl■ is.
see b Vヽ lork in pairs.Practise reading the conversation in Exercise 6
Pay attention to the rising and falling intonation lν here
necessary
Vocabulary and speaking
8 Work in groups. You are going to the mountains for two days.
The weather forecast is for sun on the first day and rain on
the second. Because you are walking and camping, you don't
want to take too many items. You have tents, rucksacks and
food. Discuss these other items and choose five others to take.
Explain your reasons for taking them.
camera gas cooker GPS hairdryer hat laptop
matches mobile phone sun cream sunglasses torch
towel umbrella video game player
lf we take ..., we won't need ...
‐IMPROⅥ ‐HOW
NG DESIGN SOMETHING WORKS
reading biomimetics . critical thinking supporting the main argument
8c Designs from nature
Reading
1 Look at the photos at the top of page99.
How is the robot similar to the gecko?
2 Read the first two paragraphs of the article.
Answer these questions.
1 \Mhy are geckos arnazing?
2 \Arhat are the scientists interested in?
J What is the problem with the robot?
4 \Mhy do people study plants and
animals?
3 Look at the photos (1-a). Inventors and
designers studied these plants and animals
for the inventions (A-D) at the bottom of
the article on page 99.ky to match the
animal or plant to the invention. Then
check your answers by reading the rest of
the article.
Critical thinking supporting
the main argument
4 main argument of this article is that the
T'tre
design of animals can improve the design
of our own world. \tVhich of these sentences
support or restate the argument?
1 Scientists want to use the design of a
gecko on their own robot.
2 Animals and plants can teach humans a
lot about design and engineering.
3 Most humans have never seen a whale.
4 Mercedes Benz is producing a new kind
of car.
5 Engineers in Canada are studYing
whales'flippers because they move so
effectively through water.
. word focus have ' speaking improving design
Word focus have
5 Look at two uses of haae (a-b) when it is the main verb
(i.e. not an auxiliary verb). Then match haae intlte
sentences from the article (1-5) with the two uses.
,''i;:tt /hrv/
a possessing or owning something (including physical
appearance, ideas, illnesses, etc.)
b actions or experiences
7 It has four feet. H
2 It still has a more difficult time when it tries to walk
upside down.
When they have a problem, nature often has the
answer.
4 Most people have some Velcro on an item of clothing.
5 He had a closer look.
6 We can also use lutae gof instead of hsae when talking
about possessing or owning something (e.g. 1r's got fotLr
feet).Lookat these nouns. We can usehatte with all of
them, but which ones can't use haue got?
a bad cold a chat a new car a rest blonde hair
fun a good time
Speaking
7 Work in groups. Read the three pieces of information
about different animals. Discuss how these animals could
help humans. \Atrhich products in our life could they
improve?

□DESI
Nat
When zue haCIe a problen;
In aroom at Stanford University, scientists are studying a
sma1l animal called a gecko. It's an amazing animal because
it can move very quickly up and down a tree and it can even
rvalk upside down on ceilings. The scientists are particularly
interested in the gecko's feet. They want to use the same
design on their own robot. The metal robot looks very
similar to the gecko. It has four feet which can also walk up
rval1s made of glass or plastic. However, it still has a more
difficult time when it tries to walk upside down.
Animals and plants can teach humans a lot about design
and engineering. As a result, many engineers, scientists
and designers spend time studying them. When they have
:r problem, nature often has the answer. This science is
ca11ed biomimetics.,Bia- means'studying living things' and
tnimetics means'copying the movement of things'. In other
rvords, scientists - or biomimeticists - stud1, animals and
plants in order to copy the design.
Take, for example, a wha1e. Engineers in Canada are
studying their flippers because they move so effectir.ely
through water. The engineers believe the shape can also
improve the movement of wind turbines. Similarly, the
i:oxfish is another animal from the sea which is helping
car manufacturers in German,v. Mercedes Benz is using the
-shape of the fish for one of its new cars.The shape makes it
tl.ter rnd more luel elficient.
ノノ
コ
翡鯰眩盆眩赳餃 >A NEW:NVENT10N >PLANNING AN ExPEDITION I IⅢ I1011ヽ ￨15ESilⅢ I >HOW SOMETHING WORKS
聰 >AN ARGUMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY
, Technology
．
榎 十オ 一
nature often has the ansu)er
Velcro is probably the most famous example of biomimetics.
Most people have some Velcro on an item of clothing. It
was invented by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral in
1948. He was walking in the countryside when he pulled a
plant's bur from his trousers. He noticed how the bur stuck
so well to his clothes. He worked on his idea and the result
was Velcro, which became an afi-ordable alternative to the
traditional zip.
In 1982, Wilhelm Bartlott was another inventor who had a
great idea when he was studying the leaves of a lotus p1ant.
Bartlett noticed that water always ran off the 1eaf. When he
had a closer 1ook, he also noticed how the leafcleaned itself.
Bartiott copied the leaf's special surface and nowyou can
find it in specialised paint products where water and dirt
never stay on the paint.
In conclusion, biomimetics has helped to design our worid
and there are many more future possibilities. Unfortunately,
it might take a long time to discover all the possibilities.
This isnt really surprising because it's taken nature
thousands of years to design its animals and plants.
flipper (n) /'fhpe(r)/ the f lat arm or leg of a sea animal, used
for swimming
bur (n) /bs:/ a seed from a plant
zip (n) lztpl two rows of metal teeth-like parts which come
together (e.9. on a coat)
1‐
11::詈
嘗菖冒
vocabulary technology verbs . pronunciation linking . real life asking how something works

Vocabulary technology verbs Real life asking how

Look atthe photo ofthe head torch in the advert
above.Whatis it used for?ヤ Vould it be usefulfor you?
WVould you buy one?
Complete the list of features(1-6)for the head torch
、vith these verbs.
something works
4 ■ 豊.14 Listen to two people who are going
on a camping trip.They talk aboutthe head
tOrch Tick the features in Exercise 2 that thev
discuss.

■ 1.電 編 Listen to the conversation again.■ ck

■●￨￨■ ￨￨■ ■￨IⅢ rge lⅢ IIⅢ ⅢⅢI the questions in the box you hear
電︺  ａ

Pronunciation linking
Where do I switch it on?
琲 2,13 A word ending with a consonantsound links How did you do that?
to the nextttvord ifit starts vvith a vowel sound.Listen What happens if I press this button?
and practise saying these instructions. What is this for?
How long does the battery last?
l Switch it on.
Why do you need to do that?
2 Plugvitvinto a laptop.
How do you make it switch on / record?
3 Rechargevitvovernigl■ t.
4 Send an email
5 Click on thelink Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and explain
how something works. Use these objects or
ヤVork in pairs.Thil■ k of more items you often use at
gadgets in your bag or in the school.
home or atwvork and rnake sentences using the verbs
in Exercises 2 and 3a.Pay attention to linking、 vhere a mobile phone a CD player
necessary. an MP3 player a computer
an interactive whiteboard a DVD player
ノswた cわ von m/mob〃 evノ nめ e a vending machine
mornFng and recわ arge、 ノt_OVernfgわ せ .

A NEW INVENT10N PLANNING AN EXPEDIT10N TMPRovTNGDEsTGN >@

ARGUMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY
writing a paragraph . writing skill connecting words and supporting sentences Unit 8 'l]echnology

8e An argumentfortechnology
Writing a paragraph
1 Read the paragraph. \Atrhere do you think it comes
from? Choose the correct option (1-3).
1 an instruction manual
2 arcport on energy in the workplace
3 work about
a message to a colleague at
the lighting
LED lighting is a more effective form of
modern lighting technology. Firstly, LED lights
last longer than normal lights. For example.
a normal light bulb lasts for around 5,000
hours. LED light bulbs last 100,000 hours.
Furthermore, LED light bulbs change 80%
of electricity into light. Normal bulbs only
change 20%.ln other words, LED lights need
less electricity to produce more light. On the
3 Writing skill supporting sentences
The first sentence in the paragraph about LED
lighting is the topic sentence. It gives a general
introduction to the main idea of the paragraph.
Afterwards, all the other sentences support this
main idea. \ /hich of these sentences (1-8) are topic
sentences (T) and which are supporting sentences (S)?
1 The Internet has completely changed our access
to information.
2 Take, for example, how many books and
articles you can read online.
3 For example, closed circuit television (CCTV) is
on our streets and in public places.
4 There are many different ways to use
technology in security.
5 In other words, all your personal information
can be put onto one identity card.
Firstly, Russia put the first satellite in space in
1957. Now there are thousands in space.
Over the last fifty years, there have been
many great achievements in space travel and
technology.
Furthermore, robots have now landed and
travelled on Mars.
4 Read these notes for a paragraph about CPS
「rite the paragraph using the nOtes
technologyルヽ
and connecting words frolll Exercise 2.
■ 豫晟ih轟 暉競なc臨 畿
‐
■‐ 0や Si∫ a goθ d ideaも F ttnyθ に ぉkθ l臼 vd,a lθ l
・ 5吻 PPゃ 請 じ:感 ettf:
■ ￨れ

other hand, one disadvantage is that LED ‐

・
■ 1 ● † 5転 nP,成 に 二1脚 重y`綾 Piθ d二 ￨`and
lights are more expensive than normal lights. ・ ‐￨ ■00悽 褻 権
However, they don't have to be changed
._ 2 絋οtt cxPC誅 1汽 颯n桟 れ。転 二1織 畿Fbレ 十 彪r
every year and they use less energy. As a `薩
(ο 財5`卯 れ ぶr,viれ
`颯
result, they are cheaper. ...
`担

・. 多 ` ねε φtt
祟紘ι像裕滅絋ο relわ
`aVe∫
γ :)

2 爾 ritittg ski]!cOnnecting vvords

5 Choose one ofthese types oftechnology and
prepare to、 へ
Frite a paragraph about why it
Look back atthe highlighted connecting v√ ords in
「rite your paragraph with three
is useful.予 ヽ
the paragraph in Exercise l.Match the、 へ Ords with
″
supporting ideas
their uses(1-6)
ー
l to sequence ideas and sentences: 11,11,
、 email wirё 19,,tethho19oソ ￨
m9bile lぃ olさ ,
2 to introduce an example: lul,そ dOWhloads your Ownidel ‐￨
3 to add supporting inforlllation:
4 to say the same thing in a different way: 6 Use these questions to check your paragraph.
O Have you used a topic sentence?
to introduce contrasting information:
● Have you used three supporting sentences?

to introduce a result: ・ Have you used connecting words?

A NEW INVENT10N PLANNING AN EXPEDIT10N IMPROVING DESIGN HOW SOMETHING WORKS

=
 Unit 8 Technology

Before you watch After you watch

'l Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss the 5 Roleplay a conversation between a
questions.
salesperson and a head teacher
1 Where are the children in the picture?
2 What technologv can you see? What is it for? Work in pairs.
3 How will the children benefit from this Student A: You are a wind turbine salesperson.
technology? You are going to visit a school to explain the
benefits of wind turbines. Write notes about three
Wtqile you wateh or four benefits.

2 Watch the video and check your answers from
, Exercise 1.
3 Watch the video again and answer the questions.
1 How much money could the wind turbines
save the school district in energy costs?
2 H;; *"rli the district spend the money?
3 Why is it very important that the turbines
in Spirit Lake can withstand strong winds?
Student B: You are the head teacher of a school.
Read the notes below and prepare questions to ask
the salesperson.
o You are interested in wind turbines but are
not sure whether to build one for your school.
Some parents have complained that wind
turbines are very ugly.
. Think of three or four disadvantages of wind
turbines.
. Ask the salesperson about the benefits of wind
turbines.

4 What does the school disLrict do with the Act out the conversation. Then change roles and
energy from the larger turbine? repeat the conversation.

5 Why are farmers huppy when the wind blows?

5 Jan Bolluyt says: 'So, you know, it's not just a small
thing.'What is he referring to? Do you agree with
o Wnui jo t"u.n"rr ,tuients to do?
him?
",.r.orrug"
7 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
4 Watch the video again. Complete the phrases with 1 What types of alternative energy are used in
the correct number. your country?
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
6,000 71,000 81,s30 130 2s7 180 2 alternative energy compared to fossil fuels?
3 Where do you think we will get our energy in
1 The number of wind turbines in Spirit Lake: the future?

2 Th; ;;runt of money the smaller turbine has

blade {n) /blerdi the long,,nairow p-art tha|rx;kei a propelter
saved the district: $ turnwhen'thewind,hitsit.,. .i -' ,' ,,.,r,. ..,', ,l
3 The height of a wind turbine: feet hlow iv) &lar-rl the wind.does thk'.whqnlt.mpv$
4
,

The strength of winds the wind turbines can .'

-a withstand: mph
.crsp (n) ,&mp/Btahli rliat farmers grow and harvert. r,.,, ,r '

e{rcourage (vl /in'karr&l get someone to do someth]irg.., ,. ':, t.'

5 The amount of money Charles Goodman will ensure (v) 1rn'Ia,lguarant6e: . ' ' . 'i "
''.'
., , ',. ,.
make in a year from his wind turbines: flat (adj) /fiati without hills or mountains
fossil fuel (n) /f osrJ 'Iju:eU gas, oil or coal
; 6
$
The number of wind turbines in this piece of 'foundatlon ft0,lfaonlderJanl a golid:.basElulxder thE g:roul!d,,,
the Iowa countrysidel that a structure sits on
grid (n) /gndr a system of cables for distributing electricity
7 The number of homes in the town of Des
impresriYe{adj}./imlpr.esrv/:,eausinga.{egling, qiAdq{ration,:,,
Moines: pay off (v) /per 'of/ f inish paying for something
-Bower::(n)'lrpaoelelectricfty,,enerEy,.. 1,. ..,,',',,
power:{y} /'lpaus/ send eJecfricgy,to' , ,:::. : .'i, i ' :

rod (n) irodi a long, thin piece of metal or wood

:$6ve:{y}djg1Irl'u5eJe55money.......l']...:....
silq'{h) llsarlo$l:.p;plqce,where hrrners:puttheir-trop.$:afteri. :,i:::
they harvest them
a{ypaof:metnl' , , ,
- steet tn) /sti::l/
':
' ' ,,, r1

iu&G'h)'{t*t*ilL a-tyreof maehine,that.produ.o ln"rgy

fronramovingpropeJle:r. ,, :: ,:: "..':,, .. i.:
withitandMfurdtstand/.iesist ' : ."''

103
 UNIT 8 REVIElぼ
6rammar 5 Complete the questions with words from
Exercise 4. Then discuss the questions with
1 Make sentences with a relative clause using the your partner
words.'
l What′ s the best you've ever had in your
1 the invention / has changed the modern life?
world / the internet 2 What decisions do vou in your daily
The inaEntiau which has changed the wcdern ntarld or at work? How important are they?
is the internet. 3 What's the most common mistake you
2 camping / an activity / Ienjoy doing
3 GPS / a gadget / tells you where you are 4 Do you like to solve a on your owvn or
4 my parents / the people / always happy to a solution with others? Why?
see mel
I hate about TV / the adverts
6 Match two words (one from each box) and
5 the thing / complete the sentences.
6 the Space Shuttle / the first spacecraft / travel
from and to Earth click log plug forward into
push set tu rn on (x2) round up

I want to
鶴●

but I've forgotten my

password.
一

2 How do you
一

an online account?
”
一¨
一一一一
¨
一¨一¨

奮
一一一一一¨¨一一“
¨ 一¨

it
¨¨一一一一¨一一一¨

it'll
一
¨一一一一¨一一一

3 the wall socket and

一一一一
一
一一一¨一¨一一一¨
一一一
一一一一一一¨一一¨
一¨

￨=: recharge.
一一一一¨
¨一一¨一一一一一一一

4 For maximum volume, the dial

一一一一一一
¨一一一一一一

難 to
難
鶴 number 10.
‐
5 You can pull it backwards for rer.erse or
it to go faster.
6 the icon in the top corner to open
the program.

Complete these sentences for you. Then tell your

partner why.
Reafl [ife
1 . Someone who changed my life was ... 7 Put these r,t ords in the correct order to make
2 Something which improved my life was ... questions for asking how something works.

3 Complete the sentences with these verbs. Use will

1 switch/ itlwhere 1 ao / I / on?
('ll) or won't where necessary. 2 you / did / that? / do / how
3 It / I/happens /button? /press/this /what
love press 4 the / battery / long / how / does / last?
not call not go work
5 that? / wlny / do / do / you / to / need
1 When you this button, the TV comes on 6 record? / how / it / do / you / make
2 If you put new batteries in, it agaln.
3 When it's sunny, we to go to the beach.
I Match these responses (a-e) with the questions in
Exercise 7. One response ans\vers two questions.
4 If he , then he doesn't want to come with
us. a So you don't lose any data.
5I hiking if you don't go. b Eighthours.
I CAN
c There.
d By pressing this.
describe people, places and things with extra
information
e You turn it off.

talk about situations that are generally true and I CAN

possible in the future talk about using technology
explain and ask how something works
Wme abusla n'y
4 Match the verbs (1-5) with the nouns (a-e). Speaking
e 2_3::::器 I Work in pairs. Explain to your partner how to use
:請 the DVD in the back of this book.
3 solve c an idea
4 make d a solution
5 have e mistakes
 FEATURES
106 Ways of learning
How China is relearning an
old and famous tradition
108 The history of writing
Look atthe photo.Answver the questions.
l 1/Vhat country do you tl■ ink this classroom is in?
2 WVhat are the pupils learning?
蝙 2.15 Listen to a teacher talhng aboutthe photo.Check
your answers.Vヽ hich of these statements(1-3)are true?
l Thelanguage has manyル vords w、 rith the same sound but

It's five thousand years different meanings(called homophones).

old but writing is much 2 The language has 26 characters.
younger than speaking 3 1t has borroマved wvords and characters frolln other
languages.
110 Saving languages Read the hcts abotlttl■ e English lal■ guage.Al■ tter tl■ e
A new National Geographic questios.Then compare with your partl■ er.
project is trying to save
l Howv many of ie facts are true for your firstlanguage?
dying languages
2 Rewvrite the other facts so thatthey are true.
114 Disappearing voices
Avideo about a project to
-n"Erglishlangunge:
save one of India's dying
languages . has 26 letters. . has different varieties
. is an official language in 53 countries. including American English
. borrowed words from other and Australian English.
languages in the past including
. normally uses this word order in a

German, French and Latin. sentence: subject + verb + object.

笏 ADU『 EDUCAT10N A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ THE AUTHOR'S OPIN10N ENROLLiNG ON A COURSE
璽曇彗 A FORM
=重
vocabulary education . pronunciation stress in two-syllable wofds . listening a documentary
grammar present simple passive I by + agent . speaking adult education

9a Ways of learning
Vocabulary education 2 Pronunciation stress in two-syllable words

'! ,:j;;2.16 Listen to the stressed syllable in these

Look at the pairs of words. Match the words with
the correct definitions (a-b). two-syllable verbs and nouns. How is the stress
different between the nouns and verbs? Listen
1 lesson / subject again and repeat.
a a period of time when people learn
something with a teacher 1 lesson (n) 4 instruct (v)
b a topic you learn about at school (e.g. art, 2 enrol (v) 5 apply (r.,)

mathematics, geography) 3 subject (n)

2 discipline / rules
a instructions that say what you must or
mustn't do
b making people follow instructions
3 enrol I apply
a to join and pay for a course
b to fill in a form to ask to join a course or to
get a new job
4 schedule / timetable
a days and times for subjects in school each
week
b a plan of events or tasks with times and
dates
5 teach / instruct
a to tell someone to do something
b to help people learn a new subject or skill by
explaining or demonstrating it
6 qualification / skill
a knowledge or ability you need to do
' something well
b an examination you pass because you need
it to get a job or place at university
3 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1 \A/hat was your favourite subject at school? \A/hy?
2 Was there a lot of discipline at your school?
Were there many rules?
3 What qualifications did you get from your
education?
4 What do you think is the best way to get new
knowledge or skills?
Listen lng
4 l'2.17 Listen to a radio documentary about
learning Kung Fu in China. Match the parts of the
documentary (1-3) with the topics (a-c).
a Life at a Kung Fu school
b The history of the Shaolin Temple and Kung Fu
c Shaolin and Kung Fu in modern China

ご．
 Unit 9 Language and learning

髭彗2.1 7 Listen to the docurlentary again.Choose the 8 Complete the article about adult education with
correct options. the present simple passive form of the verbs.

l Many peoplein Chinalearn about Kung Fu forthe

irst timeル θ7JZ υ′′
θ力′ カθS力 ′θ 4
4gノ l1/1S ακ″Ty/ク チォ Iブ
Morё bnd moFё bdultζ l l l l‐ (enrol) on

■ lll′ 7θ・ 5.50Ⅲ lbftll■ 7

`Our,IS
(send) for16wlllソ
further training by their employers to
2 Students havelearned Kung Fu atthe temple since
tl・ eノ 7カ /ノ 彎 4カ Century
acquire new skills. Others want a change of career,
フ カ
3 Shaolin θ ″ヶ“
チε 力 gF夕 /力 ′ ル/θ η
′ so new qualifications 3 (need). For
s″ グ
`α `sK夕 “ many adults, learning a (not / see)
blrs,ll`ssθ S.

4 1n the city of Dengfend there are 50′ 000 sc力 θθls/ as something only for school children. Studying a

st夕 ′ チ s of Kung Fu. subject can be fun and a good way to socialise. And
`れ these days, many courses' (nOt/
5 z41:′ 力 ι
4チ s/Nθ チαII′ llθ s′ ll′ s are atthe
`s`"′ `Jl′ take) in a real school. Adults are studying more in
school because they、 vantto be
6 Thereis alot of″ ′
sθ
″:れ θ/ル θ ′
f17`in the sch001 later life by distance or online learning.
6
`′ Books (send) to their
VVhat are your views aboutleanling Kung Fu in home. Course material
China?Complete the speech bubbles.Then compare (email) by their
your vie、 vs、vith the class online tutor. On some courses,
the lessons
One lわ ′
ng that stlrprised me v1/as.., (teach) with videoconferencing.
It all helps with the belief
d/И /otlノ dn竹 ′
ノ1/t/oυ ′ ′ke lo′ earn
that education doesn't
sometわ Fng[わ な 討ay becaυ se.…

西わな ne1/1/′ nterestFn κυng Fυ ρrobabry

И′
〃′/1/1/on竹 ′ aSf a′ ong Jme becaυ se.…

■ ￨

Grammar present simple 9 Look at the sentences. Delete by + agentwhere

passive I by + agent you don't need it.

7 Look at the sentences (a-b) and answer the 1 Degrees are normally taught by-ieeiurers for
questions (1-3). three years.
2 lllany degrees are now taught by lecturers
a Teachers teach Kung Fu in hundreds of schools working from home.
in China. 3 The ancient language of Latin isn't studied
b Kung Fu is taught in hundreds of schools in much by students anymore.
China. 4 Latin isn't known by many people under the
In sentence a, what is the object of the sentence? age of seventy anymore.

LJ \rVho does the action? Paris is visited by twenty seven million

′

In sentence b, what is the subject of the sentence? tourists per year.

ｒ゛奪

Does it say who does the action? L -y country, English is spokenby nearly
Look at the grammar box. Then underline all the everyone under the age of thirty.
verbs in the passive form in the audioscript on
page173. Speaking
10 Work in groups. Discuss these questions
In your country, is adult education seen as
normal or something new?
Are employees in your workplace sent on
training courses? What kinds of courses do
they take? Are the courses paid for by the
employee or the employer?
Are you enrolled on any other courses at the
moment?
4 In your country, are many courses taught
orrline these days? Who are these courses
offered by? Have you ever studied online?
For further information and practice, see page 164. How did it compare to traditional learning
in a classroom?

黎 >麒 Dl‖ 菫Eヨ DH【 mH劇 ゛■ A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUiZ THE AUTHOR'S OP:N10N ENROLLING ON A COURSE 107
吻藤赳塁は A FORM
 reading five thousand years of writing . grammar past simple passive . vocabulary by, for, with, in and on .
writing and speaking a general knowledge quiz

9b The history of writing

Reading
1 Work in pairs. Think of two
or three differences between
speaking and writing. Then
compare your ideas with the class.
Example
Writing needs extra objects, speaking
doesn't.
2 Read the article about the history
of writing. Find words or phrases
that describe:
different forms of writing
(e.9. cuneiform)
types of materials people have
used for writing in the past
(e.9. on stone or clay)
the reasons for writing
(e.9. for people's identity)
Grammar past simple passive
3 Look at the sentences from the article (a-b). Answer the
questions (1-3).
a The symbols were made of clay.
b The typewriter's keyboard is still used on computer
keyboards today.
1 \A/hich form do the sentences use: the active form or the
passive form?
2 Which sentence is about the present? \z\rhich sentence is about
the past?
3 How do you form the past simple passive?
We form the past simple passive using waslwere + past participle:
The first computer was invented in the early twentieth century.
Computers weren't used by many people until later in the century.
When was the first computer invented? lWere computers invented in
the twentieth century?
For further information and practice, see page 165

ルι
3000 BC I 20001 10001

(3200 3CtO AD 394)

The FOyolanS made thesc J9ns on
tり OW,‖ S Of pyra■ ldS Which you
CI1 5t‖ 卜Seё loday Theソ represented

ob19cts′ ‐
idea,eh。 19ns Ond s9unds
AFOlnd 250o BC,/pap,rus′ was Tade
,0● ●llant lld twaS W百 tten on
lylhe E9ypt an,ぃ tё l the ROmans
bヽ olsdd olp'′ む
`

￨=■ ■￨■ ■

Chinese /ogograms
(1 200 BC to present) 11=￨￨:￨￨￨

The earliest Chinese writing

was done on bone. ￨:=￨II
￨■ ￨￨￨■
 Unit 9 Language and learning

4 Look at the grammar box on page 108. 慇 Make quiz questions abOut the article.Use the past silnPle
Then complete the sentences with the passive form
past simple passive form of the verbs.
l How/Cuneiform symb01s/make?(Answer:Vヽ rith clay)
(Note that some of the sentences jit it∵ ￨′ ご ″′
′
I′
力輩毎 v,4わ o′ 5府 ″″
contain false information.) `F
2「Ho、「/papyrus/use/by the Egyptians and the Romans?
1 Papyrus (make) from a (Answer:For writing on)
type of tree. 3 1n thelndusヽ ζ
alley/v√ hy/stone Objects/possibly/use?
2 Objects from the Indus Valley (Answer:For people′ s identity or symb01s of a tribe)
(use) as identity cards. 4 やヽhere/the earliest Chinese writing/do?
3 Earlv Chinese writins (Answeri On bone)
(do) onbone. 5 Ho、 へ
F/dates and till■ e/represent/by the NIlaya?
4 The first alphabet (Answer:予 Vith Pictures)
(not / create) by the Phoenicians. 6 By the end Offifteenth century/what/books/publish/
5 Pictures (not / use) with?(Answer:Gutenberg/s printing press)
by the Maya to represent dates and 7 予Vhen/1nOre eB00ks/sel1/by Arnazon than paperback
times. books?(Answer:In 2010)
6 Lots ofbooks (publish)
because of Gutenberg's invention.
WFi竜 :爾 ⑮ 嬢爾 d Spe轟 な意爾鬱
7 The tvoewriter
(invent) n1873. 7 wOrkin grOups.Prepare a histOry general kno、 vledge quiz for
8 eBooks (not / sell) anOther group.予 Vrite live questions about historic or famOus
before 2010. people/inventions/places/obiectS and important dates Use
the past passive form.
Work in pairs. Read the article again
and decide which sentences in 8 予vOrk as a class.Ask your questions and ind out、 へ
/hich group
Exercise 4 are false. has the best general howvledge.
一一 〓

T:MELINE

AD 1000 1 20001
一
●¨一・
一一一〓

一
¨一

一一
や
一一
一一

一一
一
■

一
一

一
”

一
■一■■﹂

Leuantine a/phabek
050 BC to present) ￨‐ ン。
￨″ ィ ィri■′ ￨
7,￨￨1 1‐
(1

11Ⅲ
崚di
One ofthe first alphabets was

1榔鰤 拙
created by the Phoenicians which
became modern Arabic.The Greek
alphabet also came from this early
1ポ
雉銀 ５

form ofwriting and, eventually, it

became the modern Latin alphabet. 一一
一一・
一
一一一■一
・・
・一一
一
．

17/rィ ′妬
″″″夕 ι
55
(14505)
1lyt'l end Ofthe ifteenth ι
3θ ′ノ
缶￨
lcentur,b6。 ks h Europe (2010)
lwlrl pubnshё d with a new
Forthe irst lme′
11VIltion― Gutenbergt
‐
prlnllo preSS As a result,
more eBooks
were sold by the
￨¨ 0子 ￨lnd mOre people
online bookse‖ eF
ltartld tO lё arn h。 ,´ ′
to read
Amazon than
and wltё :

traditional
paperback books

THE AUTHOR′ 5 0PIN10N ENROLLING ON A COURSE

 reading an opinion article . vocabulary phrasal verbs . pronunciation stress in phrasal verbs
critical thinking fact or opinion . speaking the author's opinion

9C SaVing languages
Reading 6 Complete the sentences about learning
and studying with the correct form of the
"! Does your country have different languages and phrasal verbs in Exercise 4.
cultures? What are they? 1 How much of your English do you
2 Read the article on page 111. Answer the questions.
from listening to music or
watching films in English?
1 What culture is it about? 2 How often do you and your friends
2 What has happened to their languages? Why? and practise speaking English?
3 What is the purpose of the Enduring Voices Project 3 Do you think traditional classrooms
and the Salish school? 予vill and everyone will learn
Onlil■ e?
3 Read the article again. Complete the summary with
4 When you hear a new word, do you
words from the article.
have to it or can you
remember it?
Five hundred years ago, Europeans arrived on the
continent of 1 . Eventually, the Europeans
5 is it important for older people to
their knowledge to Yourrger
became more powerful than the native
people or is it quicker to use the internet?
and they moved these people to reservations. Their
3 and 4 began to disappear.
and
7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions
Nowadays many native Americans speak 5 in Exercise 6 and give your opinion.
live in 6 . But on some of the reservations, the
tribes are recording the language of the older generation.
They are also setting up 7 for children to learn Critica! thinking fact or
the languages so they might save it for the future. opinion
8 An article can provide facts but also gives
Vocabulary phrasal verbs opinions. Look at these sentences from the
article and decide which three include the
4 Find tlle phrasal verbs(18)in the article.Match the author's opinion.
phra盟 l verbs to their meanings(a■ ).
1 Five hundred years ago, Europeans
1 take away ameet and discuss something arrived on a new continent.
2 giveup b learn informally 2 And so a terrible part of history began.
3 get together C remove from someone 3 But the good news is that some of these
4 die out d stop doing something people are keeping their culture and
5 write dor.,rrn e become less common and disappear language alive.
6 pass on f start something new (e.9. a 4 Many tribes also offer courses in the
7 pickup company or organisation) language.
8
ｇ ｈ

setup write something with pen and paper 5 The Salish tribe is an excellent example
give to someone (often your of how schools can help.
children) 6 It has 30 students aged two to twelve
during the day.
9 Look at the three opinion sentences in
Exercise 8. Underline the words which show
the sentence is an opinion. \44rat kinds of
words are they?
For further information and practice, see Workbook page 75

5 Pronunciation stress in phrasal verbs

Speaking
10 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
隋 2.18 Listen to the phrasal vel・ bs in the sentences.
Do vve norllnally stress the verb or the particle in 1 Overall, how much does the author suPpor1
phrasal verbs?Listen again and repeat. the Native Americans and their plans to
save their language and culture?
l They took away the children.
2 They gave up smoking.
2 How strong is his opinion in the article?
3 Do you agree with him?

110

LANGUACES
Fiae hundred years ago, Earopeans
arriaed on a neu) continent.
Thev bror-rght nerv cultures and languages to this
place rvhich they called America. Hou,ever, there
rvere already people living there g,ho hacl their orvn
cultures and languages. And so a terrible part ol
history besan.
As more Europeans arrived, there r,r,as a fight for the
land r,vith the native Arneric:rn Indi:rns. Bv the end of
the nineteenth century, the Indian tribes rvere moved
to reservations.A lot oftheir children rvere takerr
away to boarding schools and these children rvere
taught to speak English. By the end of the nventieth
centurv nrore than half of the Native Arnericans in
the US rvere living in cities.They gave Lrp speaking
their old tribal language and onlv used English. As a
resnlt, many Native Ar.nerican languages disappeared
and rvith them their culture.
Sonre Anrerican Indian languages are srill used today
but they are usually spoken by the olcler members of
the tribes rvho still live on the reservations. In North
America there are 150-170 languages that have at
least one speaker and many of these languages have
under a hundred speakers.
One ancient language rvhich is spoken by the
Northern Paiute tribe has more than tr,vo hundred
spe:ikers.This means r,vhen the elders of the tribe
get together, they sti11 speak it. But for most of the
youlrger nrenrbers of the tribe, the everyday language
is English.
But the good nervs is that some of these people:rre
keepir.rg their culture and lansuage alive.Their are also
receivirrg help fi'om the National Ceographic Socie4,!
EndurineVoices Project.The ainr of the pro.lect is
to help laneu:rges around the u,,orlcl n hich are dvinE1
out. LinEluists and experts meet these'last speakers'.
The team intervierv them and t1-rey are recorded rvitl-r
video,pictures and audio.They also tell old stolics
u,hich are rvritten dorvn in English so peopie can
learn more about the culture.
Il.ecording the language and culture is only part of
the project.The next stage is to pass on the language
to the next generation. Some childr:en pick up some
of the ianguage fi-om their parents or grandparc.nts but
many tribes also olIer courses in the language.The
Salish tribe is an excellent example of how schools
can help.The tribe lii,,es in the Flathead Reservation
in Montana.Theil lannuage is currently spoken by
about 50 people rvho are aged over 75 .vears. No
one under 50 speaks the language. So norv, the local
people have set r-rp a school. It has 30 stlldents ased
two to tlvelve during the dav and there are also
collrses for adults in the evening. It is schools and
projects like these nhich - hopefully - nright save
languagcs [ol rhc [utulc.
reservation (n) /,reza'vef.fn/ an area of
land where Native Americans live
boarding school (n) 'b::drq sku:l a school
一
where you live, study and sleep
〇
 reading and speaking choosing a course . real life describing a process

ng on a course
Reading and speaking 膠 ￨12.19 Look atthese
eXPreSSiOns for describing
1 Work in pairs. Read the web page about three evening classes and a process.Listen to the
answer the questions. conversation again and tick the
expressions the speakers use
1 What kind of people might be interested in each course?
2 Are the courses for people with no knowledge or experience of
the subject?
3 Which course would you choose? Why? Firstly, you need to...
The first thing you're asked to
0キ 中 do is ...

1多 http://corf ieldco lleqe.com/cou rses/winter/eve n in g Next, the form is sent...

When you've completed the online
enrolment form ...
Then send us payment.
After we've received payment ...
Once you've enrolled ...
Having done that, you need to ...
At the end, click 'enrol now'.

4 Work in pairs. Practise a similar

telephone conr.ersation.

Student A: You are the caller.

Choose one of the other courses
in Exercise 1. Ask about the
course and how to enrol.
Student B: You are the
administrator. Answer the call
and describe the process for
enrolling to the caller.
Then change roles and repeat the
conversation.

Roleplay another conversation

between someone in a job
recruitment agency and someone
looking for a job.

Student A: Turn to page 153 and

follow the instructions.
Student B: Turn to page 154 and
follow the instructions.

Real‖ fe describing a process

2 輻 2.19 Listen to a telephone conversation about enrolling 9n One of
the courses.Are the sentences true(T)Or falSe(F)?

″電 77Jθ たの能θ
l There are no more places on the course Prη α サわ
`
7/Pθ ′
Pθ ωθ ′たs`ll′ α″θηs.
4チ

2 To enrol′ you have to fillin an enrollnent form.

3 There is an interview forthe course.
4 You have to pay forthe courseimmediately
5 You have to pay a depositilrrmediateヶ il■ order to Кserve a place.
6 Forthis courseノ yOu have to buy alot of books.

112 誓
茫 鯰 灯 亦 は ADU『 EDUCAT10N A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ THEAUTHOR'SOPINION >@
璽屹⑮ A FORM
=鯰
writing filling in a form . writing skill providing the correct information Unit 9 Language and learning

9e Providi^g information
Writing filling in a form Writing skill providing the
correct information
Work in pairs. Answer the questions.
Match the questions (1-8) with the
1 kinds of forms do you have to fill in?
\zVhat places on the forms in Exercise 2
2 \zVhat kind of information do you have to provide? where you write the information.
3 Do you ever find them confusing or complicated? 1 Are you married, single or
Look at the forms. What is each one for? divorced? marital status

２
Do you take any tlpes of medicine?

３
How many children do you have?

４     ５
Where did you receive your
current passport?
Where were you born?

６
Why weren't you allowed into this
country fwo years ago?
1島 鑢臨 ζ 澪やy饗 鬱 Who do we call if you need
help (e.g. your husband, wife or
1颯 Yes 因o
someone related to you)?
軸 What is the first letter of your
middle name?
b Look at the forms again. Notice how
forms use certain conventions and
瘍
abbreviations. Answer the questions.
目 Then check your answers on page 153.
1 How many abbreviations can you
find in the forms? lAtrhat do you
think they mean?
2 ldhat do you think these
abbreviations mean?
Titles:Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr, Prof
Qualifications: BA, BSc, MBA, PhD
3 Which form has a section you do
not write in?
ロ PLEASE USE CAPITAL LETTERS 4 form does not want you to
\zVhich
write in lower-case (small) letters?
PASSPORT N0 PLACE OF SSUE I 4 Work in pairs. Design a one-page
enrolment form for a language school.
Make a list of all the information you
NAT10NALITY
need about the students. Then prepare
the form.
QUALIFICAT10NS(DEGREE′ ETC)
Exchange your form with another
Have you vヽ led thL country before?Ofyes,give detaib) pair. Use these questions to check their
form. Afterwards, give your feedback
on the form.
. Is the form easy to follow?
Have you ever been refused entry or a visa on a previous occasion? (lf yes, give details) r Do you know what to write in
each part?
o Is all the information they want
useful and relevant?
Contact details of person in case of emergency (e.g. spouse, next of kin)

For office use only:

Issued/Refused on

瘍 ADULT EDUCATЮ N A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZ THE AUTHOR'S OHN10N ENROLttNG ON A COURSE
笙奎鯰憑 卜州
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l
Before you watch
'l Work in groups. Look at the photo and the
caption. Discuss the questions.
1 What are the people in the photo doing?
2 What do you think the caption means? What
kind of information do you think we lose?
2 Work in pairs. Tick the things you think you are
going to see in this video.
Ｆ Ｆ
a camera a classroom a computer
a digital recorder headphones a map
a microphone pen and paper
Wh;le you watch
3 Watch the video and check your answers from
Exercise 2.
4 Watch the first part of the video (to 02.17). Are the
sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 Chris Rainier is a member of the Living
Tongues Institute.
2 7,}}}languages are expected to disappear in
the next 50 years.
3 The three men helped to create the Enduring
Voices project.
4 After Australia, the team went to northeast
India.
5 The team never have any problems with their
equipment.
6 There is no written record of many of the local
languages.
Watch the second part of the video (02.17 to the
end). Answer these questions.
1 What language do most of the older people in
Hong speak; Apatani, English or Hindi?
2 \Nhy do the team want to meet younger people
in Hong?
3 What does a language technology kit contain?
+ wr,rt rr" in" rr"g"il; i".h";i[y iitr i"li
s wh"i d; ;h;;"';;;;h"r; r''p" in" rr,;;;d ---
technology kits will do?
Ｆｒｌｌ ｌ
Unit 9 Language and learning
6 Complete what the people say with these words.
Then watch the whole video to check.
awareness interesting language Ioss
speakers younger
'Every fwo weeks around the planet a 1
disappears. Completely disappears forever and
ever. So what we're doing with the Enduring
Voices project is really, kind of, trying to bring
to this whole issue of language
around the planet.
'We definitely want to find speakers
because they're the ones that willbe showing the
shift.The older5 of course will have the
language. So it will be 6 to see if people
who've been schooled in the modern times, if
they've still kept it.'
After you watch
Roleplay saying what you think and giving
reasons
Work in pairs.
StudentA: You are a young person from Hong.
Look at the information below and make notes.
o You speak a little Apatani with older people
but you and your friends prefer to speak
English and Hindi. You thinkApatani is old-
fashioned and you do not care if it disappears.
Student B: You are a researcher from the Enduring
Voices project.
o Find out what languages the young person
speaks, and why. Then try to persuade him/
her that it is important to preserve Apatani.
Give reasons.
Act out the conversation. Then change roles and
repeat the conversation.
8 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
1 Has your native language changed in your
lifetime? In what ways?
2 Do you think it is in danger from global
languages? \Nhy? / Why not?
3 Do you think the fact that English is the
dominant global language is a good thing or not?
― Grammar Vocabulary
1 Choose lhe correct options to complete the 4 Choose the correct option (a-c) to complete the
article. sentences.
1 history
What time is your ?
a lesson b subject c timetable
2 I'n,: for a place at university but I don't know
if they'll accept me.
a studying b applying c enrolling
3 What do you get at the end of this course?
a skill b qualification c education
4 Mr Smith is great at .. us maths. He makes it
really fun!
a learning b instructing c teaching

5 Complete the sentences with these particles.

away down on out up (x2)

1 I gave studying French after I left school.
2 My friend finds it easy to pick languages. She
knows about six!
I never write letters anymore. I think writing like this
The language of 'Koro' 1 speaks I is spoken is dying
by about a thousand people in north eastern Where's my dictionary? Did someone take it
lndia. lt ? discovered I was discovered by with them?
accident when a team of linguists 3 began I My mother was from Bulgaria and tried to pass
was begun working in the lndian state of her language to me but I don't remember any
Arunachal Pradesh. They were studying two words now.
other languages when they realised a third 6 I'm going to read this text aloud and I want you to
language a used I was used in conversations write every word you hear.
between local people. The team quickly
s started I was started studying it. The 'new' ICAN
talk aboutlan9uage and learning
Ianguage 2 doesn't write / isn't written down
anywhere so local people 7 recorded I were
recorded so that the team could study their h◎ m‡ 輔響畿
words. Not many people under the age of
20 know 'Koro' so it's important that the G Replace the vvords in b01d with these phrases
language 8 saves I is saved before it dies out.
After that Having The first thin9 you dO iS When

l Firstly/you need to typein the word you need

Work in pairs. Make questions about the 2 Whenyou′ ve done that′ press enter
article in Exercise 1 using these prompts. Use 3 Then read the deinition ofthe wvord
the passive form. 4 0nceyou′ ve finished′ remember to switch the
dictionary of.
1 How many people / Koro / speak / by?
2 who / Koro / discover / by wOrkin pairs tt ofa process h yourli艶 (eg.at wOrk).
3 Koro / wrile down / or / speak? 「
VVrite dovvn tl■ e four Or five stages Then explam tlle
4 Koro / know / by many people under process to your partner using plu・ ases fl・ orl■ Exercise 6.
twenty?
ICAN
3 Change your partner and take turns to ask describe a process
and answer your questions. Do you think
your partner's questions are all correct?
膀ポ∞釉饂‡
傲鞣
I CAN

use the active or passive form of the present 惑 vvOrk in pairs Talk about、 vhen you were atscho01.
simple and past simple tense ExPlain VVhO or what was your favourite:
ask questions using the passive form of the ・ teacher
present simple and past simple tense e subject
e time ofday
O classr00m
 Unilt 1CI Travel and holidays
FEATURES
118 Holiday stories
Everyone has a story to tell
from holiday. What's yours?
120 Adventure holidays
Have the holiday of a
lifetime withNational
Geographic Adventures
122 A tour under Paris
An alternative tour beneath
the world's most famous
city
126 Living in Venice
Avideo about daily life in
this famous city
4 wvhat kinds of h01iday do you prefer?Vヽ「hat kinds of holiday
瘍 A HO日 DAY YOU REMEMBER THE HO日 DAY OF A ttFE]ME A TOURST WEBPAGE TOURINFORMAT10N
菫 A FORMAL LEI「 ER
=菫
The photo sho、 vs the explorer Z01tan Takacs in another
country Do you think he is travelling for his,vOrk Oris he on
holiday?Explain your oPiniOn.
■ 最.2● Listen to an interview with Zoltan abOuttravel and
h01idays ttVhich Of these statements are true fOr hilll?
l He travels and studies snakes fOr his,Ob.
2 He often goes on h01idav.
3 Heal■ vays takes certain items when he travels.
4 He usually travels On his O■ vn.
5 He always Plans lvhere he is going to stay before he
leaves hOme.
6 He thinks travel and holidays are about exploration and
discovering nevv things
Match these wOrds tO the categories(a― d).Then add Onelnore
word to each category Compare yourideas with the class.
camera camping cruise five― star hotel
package tour self― catering sightseein9 sunbathing
sieeping bag sun tan iotion tent vげ ater sports
a type of holiday c trar,'el items
b accommodation d holidav activities
don′ t you take?Why not?
reading a holiday problem o grammar past perfect simple . pronunciation 'd . listening what happened next? .
grammar subject and object questions . speaking a holiday you remember

10a IIoliday stories

Reading
Do you usually leave a tip in
restaurants or hotels? How much
do you tip? Do you know if there
is a difference between tipping in
your country and other countries?
2 Read the holiday story about
tipping in another country.
Answer the questions.
1 What was the description of the
holiday in the brochure?
2 \Atrhat was the problem?
3 How did she solve the problem?
3 Read the story again. Number the events (a-i) in the correct
order 1-9.
a gave the manager a tip f turned on the shower
b arrived at the hotel g called reception
c the engineer didn't fix the shower h moved to room 405
d gave the engineer a tip i waited at reception
e read the holiday brochure
4 Discuss the questions.
1 \Arhat did the writer learn in this story?
2 Do you think it's important to do things differently in other
countries?
Have you ever learned any cultural differences in other
countries or meeting people from there?

was so excited after I had found

the holiday in the brochure. It
said: 'Enjoy a week of sightseeing
in one of Europe's most beautiful
cities while staying at one of its
most luxurious hotels.'Now I wasnt
so sure. I had waited hfteen minutes at
reception when I arrived and now the
shower in my room wasnt working.
I called hotel reception.
'Hello. This is room 308. There isnt any
water in mj, bathroom.'
Are you sure?'
'Of course I'm surel'
'I'll send our hotel engineer
immediately.'
An hour latet the engineer came to look
at the shower. He hit the pipes a few
times and looked worried. 'Sorry, but I
cannot fix it today. Maybe, tomorrow.'
Then he held out his hand.
I couldnt believe it! He wanted a tip
for doing nothing! l was furious. But
suddenly, I had a better idea. Quickly,
I gave the engineer a few coins. He
hadnt fixed my shower but he had
taught me something about staying in
his country. Two minutes later l was
at the reception desk. I expiained the
problem to the receptionist and he
apologised: 'This is a terrible situation,
but what can we do?' I knew exactly
what to do. I gave the hotel manager
a very large tip. Fifteen minutes later
I moved into room 405. It was twice the
size of room 308, it had a wonderful
view of the city, a comfortable bed and,
most importantly, there was water in
the bathroom.
 Unit 10 Travel and holidays

‐
Grammar past perfect Grammar subject and object
simple questions
5 Look at the sentence from the story and I Look at the questions and answers (a-b) from the second
answer the questions. conversation in Exercise 8. Answer the questions (1-3).
I was so excited after I had found the holiday in a Who took it?
the brochure. A man outside the hotel took my bag.
1 Which action happened first?
b When did it happen?
It happened after we'd arrived.
2 Which verb is in the past simple tense?
3 How do we form the past perfect 1 Which question asks about the subject (subject
simple? question)?
2 Which question asks about the object (object question)?
3 Does the subject question or the object question need
the auxiliary verb did?

Subject questions
subject verb ⅢⅢ■■
Who booked
器
For further information and practice, see page
1 65. My friend booked
Object questions
5 Complete the sentences with the past How much did she pay?
She paid one hundred dollars.
simple or past perfect form of the verbs.
1 \Atrhen we landed in London from 計
IⅢlⅢ ⅢⅢⅢⅢⅢ ⅢⅢII・ ,‐

Chicago, our connecting flight to Dubai

(leave) so we had to stay
…
踊◎ Look atthe grall■ ll■ ar box.Then underline all the questions
overnight at the airport. in the audioscript of the tvvo conversations froln Exercise 8
2 \Atrhen she reached Rome, her luggage on page 173.ヤ Vhich are subject and wvhich are object
(not arrive) and she spent an questions?
hour at lost luggage.
3 The hotel hadn't expected them until 弩¶ 1/vOrk in pairs.予 Vrite subiect or ObleCt questions about the
the evening so they (gO) h01iday story in Exercise 2
for lunch while room service prepared
1 予Vhere/ind the holiday?(In a brochure.)
the rooms.
四カ′ ι
′」
″F力 ご
l・
′1ガ よ
アなた メ
″″y7
4 We (not eat) for hours but
2 予Vho/call?(The persOn at reception.)
'『

we finally found a restaurant that was

3 予Vho/1ook atthe shOwver?(The hOtel engineer.)
open.
4 7Vhat/the hotel engineer dO?(Nothing。 )
5 1 realised I (lose) my passport
5 7ヽ Ъat/happen/next?(She wenttO reception.)
as soon as l putllly hand in ll■ y pocket
6 7ヽ hat/give the man atthe front desk?(A large tip)
6 Bythe end Ofthe■ veek they
7 Where/mOve to?(Room 405.)
(haVe)a wOnderfllltime m lstal.bul.

7 Pronunciation`d Speaking
奉 2.21 Listen to the lasttwO sentences in 増駿 Think Of a h01iday oriOurney you went On.Make notes
Exercise 6.Notice the prOnunciation of′ ′ .
under these headings:
Then listen again and repeat. O the type of accoll■ ll10dation and/or transPOrt
O other peoPle who went、 へ
rith yOu and local people
Listening
」 you lllet
O one day orthing you rememberin PartiCular
8 ≪
姜2.22 Listen toれ vo conversations about
(予 Vhat happened?E)id anything go wrong?)
holidays.2牡 ns、ver the questions.
13 40rk in pairs.Take turns to ask questions about each
ンヽ
1 予Vhat problems were there lvith each
other′ s holiday orjourney.
holiday?
2 ツVere the problems s01ved? Nヽere d′ d yoυ .… 2
3 VVhat happened in the end?
What happened next?

瘍 THE HOLIDAY OF A LiFETIM[ A TOURIST WEBPAGE TOUR:NFORMAT10N

奎 蟷 R A FORMALLEπ ER
vocabulary holiday adiectives r listening interview with a tour guide o grammar -ed / -ing adjectives and dependent
prepositions . pronunciation number of syllables . speaking the holiday of a lifetime

10b Adventure holidays

●￨■ III■ ■￨● ￨￨￨
■ｔ ●
奮●

Get ready for the holiday of a lifetime with A/ational Geographic! Walk through some
of the world's most stunning mountain ranges. Kayak down legendary rivers like the
Amazon. Let our expert guides take you to the birthplaces of ancient civilisations
and introduce you to the fascinating people who live there now: from the Hadza
tribesmen of Tanzania to Bhutanese villagers. This is your opportunity for a unique
adventure with active itineraries that combine spectacular places, cultural interaction
and physical challenge: the perfect mix for an unforgettable adventure.

Vocabu lary hol iday adjectives Listening

Look at the website. \rVhat sort of person do
you think would choose this kind of holiday?
2 Match the highlighted adjectives in the website
with these synonyms and definitions.
1 to describe an important or memorable
event or experience
2 verv old
3 very interesting
4 impressive or dramatic ....... . .
4磋 2.23 Listen to part of a radio interview abouttravel
vith Ⅳladelaine from Nα チ
マ ′θη′I Gθ θ
gr′ ′力′
θ.Answver the
questions.
1 7ヽ hat kind ofnewjob does Madelaine have?
2 マVhat are some of her responsibilities?
5瘍 2.23 Listen again.Are the sentences true(T)Or
false(F)?
l Madelaine/s,ob iS SOmetimes boring。
, 2 Nα θれαJ G`θ gr′ ′力ι
c h01idays are quite traditional.
3 Madelaine is going to the Gallpagos Archipelago
`′

5 very famous for the first time.

6 only one of its kind 4 Some people on thetour come on their owvn.
5 You have to do the saIIne activities as other peoPle
3 Work in pairs. Imagine your partner wants to
in the group.
go on an adventure holiday. Try to convince
6 You have to be fairly fitto do this kind of holiday・
him/her to visit your country or a country you
know. Talk about the country's: 6 Does Madelaine/siOb SOllnd exciing to you?私「hich
geographic regions and wildlife parts of the wvorld■ vould you like to wvork in?
important cities and famous places
history and culture
 Unit 10 Travel and hondays

‐
疇蠅翻鼈醜r‐ ed/‐ ling 9 Pronunciation number of sy‖ ables

adieCtiVes な 2.24 Listen to the sixteen atteCt市es h Exercise 8

Write the number of syllables you hear in eachャ vord.
P Look atthe adiect市 eS in tl■ e two sentences Then listen again and repeat.
frOm the radio interview in Exercise 4
2へ nsv√ er the questions
Example:
1 クlll″ zθ ″(2)/α ttα zれ g(3)
拗夕′
r`α ttθ υ ノ dた グ′bθ
りθ
″/″ θ ノ
ο Zυ b・

Tll′ s′
`γ `χ
θl1/′ sυ
“
θ
′′,71g bθ ε
′lrs`I′ υθJ7θ υθ
γb`θ ll
10 vOrk in pairs.Talk about these topics using the― ′
予 4g or
`ry`χ ― form of tllese adiectiVes.
′
たγ γ `′
`bψ `.

1 シVhich adieCtiVe describes howv a person amaze annoy bore excite fascinate interest
feels? tire worry
2 シ
Vhich atteCtiVe descrbes a place/person
Or thing? 1 a place you visited recently
2 a new project you have
3 the last book you read
I

I We use -ed adjectives to describe feelings: 4 a person you met recently for the first time

I He feels bored I excited I worried I annoyed, etc" 5 a TV programme you saw last week
I We use -rng adjectives to describe ... 6 a present you received recently
. places: Venice is fascinating-
!.
| . peopler Her brother is so baring. I recently visited London. I was excited because it was the
i things: This film is exciting. first time l'd ever been but in fact it was a bit boring ...
l-"@ry
For further information and practice, see page 156.
I

8 Look at the grammar box. Then choose 貯 IⅢ ⅢⅢⅢ Ⅲ I工 ●￨IⅢ ⅢⅢⅢⅢIIIII■ ￨￨● ￨`Ⅲ ⅢⅢ●￨″
the correct adjectives to complete the :"″ ed aboυ t l
"●
:.._____._… ……… ・
…・ ‐―‐ __… …,一 つ
・‐―― ……・ ‐二 ・―=― ―― 鳳 ―
・―… ………… ……――― ‐―
conversation. see lA/orkbook,age 83
:For further informatiOn and practice′
Ａ Ｂ

So, how was your holiday?

I had an 7 omazed / amazing time. I'm so
2
bored / boring to be back at work.
炒務呻慮雉:隋 颯
A: I'm sure. Where did you go exactly? ¶Ⅷ ルマOrk in groups ofthree or four.Illlagine you have
B: We went hiking jn Patagonia! It's a each ttvOn sl′ 000 frOn■ a travel magazine to spend on
3
fascinated / fnscinating pLace. ′
the holiday of a lifetime/.You can choose any holiday
A: Yes, I watched ana interested / interesting lasting seven days but you rnust alltravel as a group.
TV programme about it once. The Follovv these steps:
mountains there are enormous. They
looked llke as frightened / frightening place l Think aboutthe kind Of holiday you are interested
to climb. in and lnake notes aboutit
B: Well, we had a fantastic guide so I wasn't 2 Take turns to tellthe group aboutthe kind Of
6
worried / worrying. holiday youャ vant.
A: What were the rest of the people in the 3 2へs a grouP/try to agree and Plan a holiday v√ hich
group like? everyone will el■ ioy.YOu will need to discuss:
。 the destination
B: Really nice. Except for one man who
really 7 annoyed / annoying me. He kept e the type of acconllnodation
complaining about all the walking. He e the type of activities(daytime and evening)
e the type ofitinerary(llexible or ixed?)
said he wasB tired / tiring all the time.
A: Sounds like he booked the wrong holiday! 4 Present your holiday to the rest ofthe class

■■■￨.,,

鸞雖鋏卜熙八瞑凩鐘R A HOLIDAYYOU REMEMBER >■ J::ヨ ●

】口1り 0】 J・ I口 lヨ ヨJl商 Iヨ A TOURiST WEBPAGE TOUR:NFORMAT10N
=【
'N■
覺 婁 は A FORMALLEπ ER
 reading an alternative tour of Paris . critical thinking reading between the lines
speakinE and writing a tourist webpage
10c A tour und.er Paris
Reading
\A/hat is Paris famous for? \Atrhy do millions of
tourists visit it every year?
Look at the man in the photo and the title of
the article on page 123. Predict the answers to
these questions.
1 Where is this man?
2 \Mhat do you think he might find there?
3 Why do you think he is there?
Read the article. Check your predictions
in Exercise 2 and underline any words or
sentences which explain:
1 what is under Paris.
2 why people go there.
4 Read the article again and choose the correct
answers (a-c). There is more than one answer
for some questions.
1 What does the author describe about
different parts of Paris?
a what he sees
b what he hears
c what he smells
kr paragraph 1, what time of the day does
he describe?
a early in the morning
b midday
c late at night
Why were the tunnels built?
a no one knows
b for many different reasons
c He doesn't say.
Are tourists allowed to go underground?
a Yes, nowadays they can go everywhere.
b It depends where they want to go.
c No, never.
Why does the writer say it's dangerous in
the tunnels?
a There are criminals down there.
b The tunnels might fall down on you.
c You might get lost.
\Atrhy isDominique and Yopie's room
difficult to find?
a It isn't on a map.
b It's at the end of a two-hour walk
through many tunnels.
c They never show people where it is.
122
. vocabulary places in a city
Critical thinking reading between
the
5 WfLictr of the statements (1-5) do you think are
probably true? Underline the parts of the article which
make you think this.
1 The author travels a lot and often visits Paris.
2 The tunnels below Paris have a long history.
3 Many young people go under Paris because they
don't enjoy life above ground.
4 The author broke the law in order to write this
article.
5 Dominique and Yopie are employed by a tour
company.
Vocabulary places in a city
5 find these places in the article. Do you think the places
are above ground, underground, or both?
avenue canal catacombs cellar district
cemetery tunnel
Match the places in Exercise 6 with the definitions (1-7).
1 long underground passage
2 ofhcial area of a town
3 wide straight road through a city, often with trees
on both sides
4 man-made river
5 tunnels and rooms underground where dead people
are buried
6 an area of land where dead people are buried
7 underground room for storing food or wine
Think of a famous city in your country. \A/hich parts are
popular with tourists? Has it got many of the places in
Exercise 6?
Speaking and writing
9 Work in pairs. Imagine Paris decides to open more of
the tunnels to tourists. You are a tour company and
want to offer a new tour called'Paris Underground'.
Use the information from the article and discuss the
type of tourist you will attract and which parts of the
tunnels they will be interested in.
10 Write a short paragraph for the webpage about the tour
on your company's website.
 '幸 警零霞鑽
輯攀書暑霊
'1‐
蒻鼈 陽鶉
The great avenues are quiet, the shops are closed.
There's the smell of fresh bread from a bakery
somewhere. It would be hard to say which time of
the day in Paris I prefer but this is probably it. Soon
the streets will be full of people and trafflc. As with
most other cities, you see the real Paris when the
city wakes up.
There is, however, another part of Paris which is
silent and free from people 24 hours a day. Lrnder the
city are hundreds of kilometres of tunnels. There are
sewers and old subways but there are also spaces
of all kinds: canals and catacombs, wine cellars
which have been made into nightclubs and galleries.
During the 19th century the Parisians needed more
stone for buildings above the ground so they dug
tunnels beneath the city. After that, many farmers
grew mushrooms in them. During World War II, the
French Resistance flghters also used them. Since the
1970s, many groups ofyoung people spend days and
nights below the city in these tunnels. It's a place
for parties, theatre performances, art galleries -
an1'thing goes here!
myth (n) /mrol a fictional story
illegal (adj) h'li:91/ against the law
collapse (v) /ke'1aeps/ fall down
瘍 A HOL:DAY YOU REMEMBER rHEHoLrDAyoFALTFETME
簗 轟 R A FORMAL LEttER
￨ ´
鶉彬鱚
Everywhere yoll go under Paris, there is history and legend.
Historians and novelists often refer to them in their books.
For example, Victor Hugo mentions the tunnels in his famous
novel -Les Misero,bles and in the story and musical The
Phantorn of the Opera there is a pond beneath the old opera
house. Most people think this is my'th but in fact there is an
underground pond here with flsh. A'normal' tourist can visit
parts of Paris beneath the ground. For example, there are the
catacombs beneath the Montparnasse district. Here you can
see the bones and skeletons of about six millions Parisians.
The bodies came from cemeteries above the ground two
centuries ago when the city needed more space.
Horvever. it's illegal to enter other pafts of the tunnels and
police often search the area. It's also very dangerous because
some of the tunnels might collapse. Nevertheless, there are
people u-ho uill take you to visit thern. I have found two
'unofflcial'tour gr-rides - Dominique and Yopie (not their
real nar-nes). They take me through many tunnels and after
a couple of horus u.e arrive at a room which isn't on any
rrLap. \opie and sorre of his friends built it. The room is
con.rfor-table alcl clean rvith a table and chairs and a bed.
Yople tells me there are many other places like this. 'Many
people come ciorl hele to pafiy, some people to paint ...
\Ve do rrhat u-e u-alt here.
>EIEMETEEEEE rouRTNFoRMAToN 123
 reading and listening tourist information . real life direct and indirect questions . pronunciation ld3el

10d At tourist information

Reading and !istening
1 Work in pairs. Look at the advert on the right and
answer the questions.
1 Would you go on this tour? Why? / Why not?
2 What kind of information is missing?
3 What questions would you ask at a tourist
information office to find out the information?
Example:
What days is it open? / [s it open today?

Real life direct and indirect

questions ‐ ‐ ‐
￨ ￨￨ ￨￨ ‐. ‐

2 に
‐

み2.25
‐
‐ ‐
￨ ￨￨￨ ‐

Listen to a conversation at a tourist

‐ ‐ ‐ ￨

inforination Office about visiting the Catacombs of

PariS・ COmplete the adVertin Exercise lャ vith the .'.. . : . ,. . , .,
nlissing information. Underground station: Denfert-Rocherau
Bus: 38, 68
3響 蒻2.25 The man asksf市 e questions ushg direct
and indirect questions.Listen again and cOmplete Opening times: Open every day except '
- from I0 a.rn. to p.m. 2
the qtlestions(1巧 ).
(Last admission at 4 p,m,)
Tickets: Book in advance or buy at the entrance.
lndirect questions Each tour is limited to 200 visitors,

Can you tell me if

tour:
Length of minutes

? Distance:1 kilometres

Do you know what time it NOTE TO VISiTORS There are5 steps

opens?
down into the catacombs and 83 steps up. There
l'd like to know are no toilets during the tour. Basic fitness is required
and anyone who is nervous or afraid of enclosed
dark spaces is not advised to take this tour.
I was wondering if there's much
walking.
Do you have any idea
s7
6 Make these direct questions into indirect questions
using the words in italics.
4 Look at the direct and indirect questions in
Exercise 3.Answer the questions(1-3).
1 \Mhich bus do I take?
Can you tell me ...?
l WVhich questions are rnore pOlite? 2 Is there a post office near here?
2 WVhich questions use the same wvord order as an Do you know if ...?
affirmative sentence? 3 \Mhat time does the gallery open?
3 Doyou useグ in indirect questions with l'd like to lgrozu ...
リカ/77θ
"questions or v√
ithン θquestions? 4 Are there any good restaurants nearby?
`sた
I was wondering if ...
5 Pronunciation/d3o/ 5 How much does it cost?
Do you haae any idea ...7
輻 2.26 Listen to theseれ vo indirect questions.
Howv does the speaker pronOunce the irst 7 Work in pairs. Practice two conversations between
t■70、 vOrds?Listen again and repeat. a tourist and a person at tourist information. Use
the box in Exercise 3 to help you.
l Do you knowvifthere′ s a taxirank near here?
2 Do you have any idea howv much itcosts? Student A: Turn to page 154.
Student B: Turn to page 155.

124 魃 A HOLIDAY YOU REMEMBER THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFET:ME ArouRrsr wEBPAGE > IEEME[@@
魃 A FORMAL LEI「 ER
writing a formal letter . writing skill formal expressions Unit 10 Travel and holidays

1 0e R.questing information
Writing a formal letter
1 \ 'hen you want to go on holiday, how
do you find out information about the Dear Sir or Madam,
holiday (e.g. online, from a high-street
travel agent, by letter or phone)?
Iam writing with regard to the 'Explorer's Holidays' on
your website. I would like to request further details of
2 Read the letter and answer the questions. your next expedition to Alaska.
1 What is the writer's purpose? First of all, I was wondering what level of fitness
2 What in{ormation does the writer is required for this kind of trip. The website says
want from the travel company? participants should have an average level of fitness. I'd
be grateful if you could define 'average' for me.
3 Writing skillformal expressions
Secondly, the website says that you will conlirm the
The phrases (1-10) are less formal. Find exact dates fbr next year in the near future. I'd like to
similar, but more formal, phrases in the know when the tour dates will be available.
letter in Exercise 1.
My last question is about accommodation. I understand
Starting
that for the parts of the journey with camping, we will
1 Hi...
share a tent with someone else in the group. Can you tell
2 It's about...
Asking for more information me if this is also the case for staying in the hostels and
3 Can you send me more information cabins or whether we will have our own private rooms?
about...? Thank you in advance for providing any further details
4 \zVhat level of fitness do I need? of the tour. I look forward to hearing from you.
5 Canyou tell me what'average'
means? Best regards,
6 Please tell me when you will know
Dr Walter P Faversham
the tour dates.
7 Will this'also happen when we stay in
hostels...?
・
■筆 ・

Ending
一嬌   ． 

8 Thanks for any help or information.

一■一・
● ■ 一ヤ

9 Hope to hear from you soon.

10 Al1the best
，

4 Look at the holiday advertisement for a

cruise. Write to the tour company and
request further details including:
. details about the exact length of the
cruise (in weeks)
. exact starting location in South
America
. are all meals included in the cost?
o the exact prices of cabins with a view
of the sea

5 Work in pairs. Exchange letters. Use these

questions to check your partner's letter.
鶴o議 驚鶴A繭 0『 lё a竜 ◎ the Antarctic c③ 畿s鵞
o FIas he/she used a formal style of
writing? 鶴踊繭甦『禰o畿 1懲 :鍾 Vening rneal、 ″ith the
曹難甲
欝量
o F{as he/she used indirect phrases
and expressions? cap電 機in ttvailab‡ e.

靱 A HOLIDAY YOU REMEMBER THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME A TOURIST WEBPAGE TOURINFORMAT10N 125
賣 晰 >1幽 Ш 鵬 鵬 国
忙
鸞孟Living in knice

￨デ

‐
■ ■ ￨￨￨■ ■ ■ ￨￨■ ■ ￨■ ￨￨￨￨■ ■ ■ ￨‐
 Unit 10 Travel and holidays

tseTore you watcn 5 Match the people (1-3) with what they say (a-g).

1 the photo. shows people living and working in 1 Giovanni dal Missier
Venice. Read the sentences and choose the option
2 t}.:re narrator

you think is correct.

3 Cino Penzo

7 / Early morning is the best time for

Late afternoon
a In a few hours, thousands of people will come
to this square.
shopping in the outdoor markets.
2 Residents say it's a very clean / dirty city to
b We have many, many kinds of fish.
Iive in.
c My son, he doesn't ... live in Venice. I am very
sorry.
3 The population of Venice is getting younger /
d The tourists come to experience a city that feels
older.
like it's still in the fifteenth century.
4 Property is / isn't very expensive.
e Anyone who comes to Venice will fall in love.
5 Cetting home from work is oftenvery ensy / f I know that it's a ... gift to live in a city (like)
dfficult.
Venice.
6 Venice is less expensizte thsn f as expensiue as
g For those who stay, it can be a wonderful
many other cities.
experience.

While you watch After you watch

2 Watch the video and check your answers from
Exercise 1. 6 Roleplay a conversation between a tourist
and a tour guide
・鋼

3 Watch the video again and number the things in

the order you first see them. Work in pairs.
a a trader peeling vegetables Student A: You are a tour guide showing a visitor
b early morning in the Piazza San Marco your town or city. Use the information below to
c sunset in Venice make notes.
d musicians playing violins
e a gondolier Student B: You are a tourist visiting a town or
f a fish market city. Find out what it's like to live there. Use the
g a man jogging information below to prepare questions to ask the
tour guide.
4 Make notbs about the advantages and
o the best places to see
disadvantages of living in Venice. Then compare . the advantages of living in the town or city
your notes with a partner. . the disadvantages of living in the town or city
Advantages Act out the conversation. \Alhen you have finished,
卜電日﹁ゴΠ

change roles and act out the conversation again.

7 Giovanni dal Missier says: 'I get bored with the

people, with the tourists.'Do you sympathise with
him? \Arhy? / \Mhy not?
Disadvantages
8 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
1 \zVhich is the most visited tourist city in your
country? Why do visitors go there?
Would you like to live in a city with lots of
tourists? \Mhy? / \zVhy not?
\A/hat benefits does tourism bring? What are
the disadvantages?

huge (adj) /hjurfi/ very big

increase (v) . rn'kri:rl get bigger
population (n) /popju:'led'ani the people who live in a place
property (n) /'propcti/ houses
trader (n) /'trclde/ a person who buys and sells things
 UNIT 10 REVIE￢ Ⅳ
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the conversation with the past simple or Past 轟 Delete the incorrect、 へ
Ford in each group and
perfect simple form of the verbs. say、へ/hy
A: How was your holiday? l old′ historical′ tmfo]3d潅 [bb/ancient
′
B: It was fine, in the end. Fit′ (■ たモl ri・ 7チ 1■ 3(11′ チ
Why? What 1
`fy,f`,7'「 `ル
A: (happen)? 2 sun tan lotion′ camping′ package tour/
B: Well, we arrived at the hotel but they crulse
(not / receive) our reservation. So we 3 stunning/huge/beautifu1/spectacular
(not / have) a room and they were full. 4 sleeping bag′ tent′ camera′ ャ
、rater sPortS
Ａ Ｂ   Ａ Ｂ

Oh no! you (book) the hotel? 5 1ive― statt sunbathing/self― catering′ hostel
Yes, I had. Any'way, they 5 (phone)another 6 cellars′ tunnels′ bridges/catacombs
hotel and fortunately they 6 (have) rooms.
That was lucky.
lllodationnotes
and
︰Ａ Ｂ

Yes, but it was in another town

" what/s your
abOut the drealllaccorl■
location′ holiday?Make
So wvhat7 you (do)? activities.

Well, I was really angry after everything that 覇 VVOrk in pairs.Tell your partl■ er about your
(happen), but the manager dream holiday
(paid) for a taxi to the other hotel.
Ａ Ｂ

That was nice. :CAN

Yes, and it was funny because we 10 (see) talk about tourist iocations and holidays
our new hotel in the brochure months ago but it
11
(be) more expensive so we 12
h黎 ホ]lif畿
(book)the other one!
A: Brilliantl P IInagine you are a touristin yourtov√ n or
city.Complete these indirect questions to ask
ICAN
fOr information
tell stories and describe what happened to me
ask questions about the past 1 Can you tell me
2 I'd like to know
2 Complete the adjectives with -ing or -ed. 3 Doyouknow
1 Do vou feel bor ?
4 I was wondering
2 This book is very interest は Re、 へ
″rite your questions in Exercise 7 as direct
3 We had attarr.az... time in Peru. questions
4 Stop being annoy and leave me alone!
5 This is so excit !
lCAN
6 I'm really frighten I ask for tourist information using direct and
indirect questions
3 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. How do they feel?
How would you describe the activity they are doing?
S蝙 @畿 凸1晰 鯰
石
9ャ ヽ
Ork in Pairs.Comment on these direrent
aspects of holidays and travel using the
phrases and your o、 げn ttvords.

adventure ho‖ days waiting at airports

hot beaches visiting ne1/v countrles
iooking at other people's holiday photos
queuin9 to viSit tourist sites
nevv ёxotic f6od flying

た J′ た
′/″ ブ
1/tr_1,,F力 :メ ′でル:`ご ″ ♂ ゴ」″.` 7ザ

ど
オわθ
r′ ″
` ′ど ´
`F滲
′
わけぉお_
ド `ブ
… gFF`,″ `:/tt,Cr′ F`プ

ll .
メ rlig7・
ノτ
ri′
`誇

I CAN
describe how people feel
describe places, people and things

128
 媚目
媚国
Uぬ :竜 History
‐

=ti轟
ふ随″
ね解Oma
11血
ge rru鍋

■ ￨■ ￨■ ‐ ■
■

￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨ 鑽

FE ATU RES The hut in the photo is about one hundred years old. Which
part of the world do you think it is in? Who do you think
130 An ancient civilisation Captain Scott was? What do you think he did?
Discovering the Aztecs in 2 ' 2.27 Listen to a historian talking about the hut and check
Mexico City your ideas in Exercise 1. Then answer the questions.

132 Modern history 1 What objects can you see inside the hut?
2 Why is it important to look after the hut?
The space age at 50
3 The historian says, 'the hut has become a time capsule'.
What do you think he means by a time capxile?
134 The !ife of Jane
Goodall Work in groups. Some people and organisations put objects in
a 'time capsule' and bury it under the ground so that future
A lifetime of working with
historians will learn more about our present day society.
chimpanzees
Imagine you are going to make a time capsule. It only has space
137 The lost city of Machu for five items. Discuss which fir.e objects will be most useful for
future historians. Use these examples or your own ideas.
Picchu
A video about the history of a copy of today's newspaper a tin of food
this ancient city in Peru a DVD showing a film of daily life
a CD with some popular music a menu from a restaurant
drawings and diaries money (coins and notes) a clock
a popular novel

4 Present your final list for the time capsule to the class and
explain the reasons for your choices.

黎 HOW WE USED TO日 VE REPORTING AN INTERViEW RESEARCHiNG A BIOGRAPHY A PRESENTAT:ON 129

釉 A B10GRAPHY
 speaking historical places . vocabulary archaeology . listening interview with an archaeologist .
grammar used to . pronunciation /s/ orlz/ . speaking how we used to live

11a An ancient civilisation

14・
■ F

Speaking 「

璃 Do you live in or near a tov√ n or city

vvTith lots of historical PlaCes?ヤ Vhich of
these does it have?WVhat do you knOv.r
about the histOry of each place?

ancient roads and bridges castles

city vva‖ s museums pyramids
old religious bu‖ dings a palace
statues of historical people

鼠 ルvhich Ofthese are the reasons v√ hy

your town or city looks after some of
the places you described in Exercise l?

l The placeis unique and you cannot

see it any、 へ
′here else.
2 SomeonefamOuslived or worked
in the building
3 The architecture is ilnPortant
4 There are important obleCtS inside

轟 Fy
抒 蜀 睫赳 雉 跛 量 archaeology

' Read theidtext

pyrall■ in Mexico
about City Ⅳlatch
an ancient
the highlighted words lvith the
defilDitions(1-6)

l to dig in an area Ofland to find

buildings and obleCtS from the past
2 the action Oflinding something you
didn/t know wasthere
3 people who study societies from the
ln 1978 archaeologists made an important discovery right in
past by looking at their buildings′
the middle of modern Mexico City. lt was a fourteenth-century
t001s and other objects
pyramid from the ancient civilisation of the Aztecs. They
4 the act of killing an anilnal(Or
started to excavate different rooms inside. ln some rooms they
human)for yOur god(s)
found objects such as plates and cooking pots. ln others, there
5 a human society from the past
were small religious statues or knives which the people used to
6 meta10r stOneimages ofsomeone
make a sacrifice to their gods.
or something

Parts of many English words come from B-frstem frmg

the ancient languages of Greek and Latin.
For example, the f irst part of the word 4 ' ., 2"28 Listen to an intenriew with an archaeologist who is
archaeology comes from a Greek word sti1l working at the excavation site in Exercise 3. What has she
meaning ancient, old, from the beginning. found in the pyramid? Why is it important?
The ex- in the word excavation is a Latin
prefix meaning out of . Sometimes you can 5 ,
r' 2"28 Listen again. Match the objects (1-5) from the
guess the meaning of a new word if you excarration to their purpose (a-e).
know some of these word roots.
1 pots and plates a for doing business
For further information and practice, see 2 goldandjade b for cooking
Workbook page 91. 3 statues c for sacrificing
4 knives d for hunting
5 (the skeleton of) a dog e for religious importance

130
 Unit ll History

‐
Gramm ar used to 8 Pronunciation/s/or/z/

5 Look at the sentences (a-d) from the interview in a 審 2.29 Listen to tl■ e change in pronunciation of
the vvords 1/sθ θr lrsθ ′.7Vhatis the rule fOr the/s/or
Exercise 4. Answer the questions (1- ).
the/z/?
a Archaeologists discovered this pyramid
in1978. Tll`Nθ Lsθ グ ″υ 芍 アれ らタナ′ 力 ′″4′ れ S`
`滋 `ノ
b The Aztecs used to sacrifice animals. ′ ′θ
θ υ ll Elrrθ `θ
7′ ・Tll`ノ llsθ グ′
rθ ll bllナ
ノ′′
′ll′ F lrsθ
`′
c Did the Aztecs use to keep dogs as pets? ′Jly sナ θll` `llθ

ｂ   ９
d No, they didn't use to have pets. Practise saying the sentences in part a.
1 \Atrhich sentence, a or b, describes a single action
ヤVork in pairs Test each other′ s knowvledge of
at a specific time in the past?
Other ancient civilisations.Use the prompts to
2 \zVhich sentence, a or b, describes a past sifuation
θ.In some cases′ both
ask questions v√ ith lrs`″ チ
or habit which doesn't happen now?
answers are correct′ only one is correct or neither
3 What form of the verb follows used to?
are correct
4 How does the negative and question form of
used to change? l Ancient Egyptians:build Pyralnids/castles
2 Ancient Greeks:watch theatre/sPoFt
3 The Celtsilive in South America/in Asia
llyoulhelshelillwe/they used to live in this house. 4 North American lndians:grottv corn/potatoes
llyoulhelshelit/we/they didn't use to live in this house.
Did l/you/he/she/iVwe/they use to live in this house? DFd the ancFent fgyplFans use to bυ ′
ノd
Yes, I did. i No, I didn't. dS and casfres2
ρ/rar7ノ
We don't use used to with a particular time in the past.
Use the past simple: The3/LrSed lo bυ 〃d pyra177FdS bυ t
lased-tolive in this house in 1989. r the/dFdn′ f υse lo bυ ′
′d castres.
I lived in this house in 1989. /

For further information and practice, see page 166. 10 毛争2.30 Listen and check your questions and
answvers in Exercise 9.

7 Look atthe gra■linar box Then complete the text

about another ancient civilisation vvith the correct Speaking
forlll of ι ″′ θ.Use the past silnPle、 へ √
here``s`″ ′ θ
`sθ
is not possible. ll ッvOrk in pairs.Look atthe list oftOpics of more
recent history.Discuss、 vhat people used to do and
ルvhatthey do now for each one
O fashion
O infOrmation(e.g.news)
O COll■ ll■ unication
O music and entertailunent
。
A“ い1010011,: (い 01よ 10Wll"1110 e transport
書
驚許職l器 脚糀T,
￨ ￨ ￨ ‐‐ ￨ ‐ 、 月o1/t/dノ d ρeopre LISe 10/な len lo′ ηυsFc2
thenll‐ ‐ ￨￨￨

What kind of clothes did people use to wear?

Did people use to travel by ...?

Do people still ... today?

work)with stone. lnstead, they
(produce) iron and
other metals. As a result they
(make) strong tools.
They could dig the land and they
u (grow) their own
food.This is one of the earliest
examples of farming in history.

獨 ト ロ:【
・
VJA■
'Jヨ
II.qョ D■ 【
0】 日LVJ議 REPORTING AN INTERViEW RESEARCHING A BIOGRAPHY A PRESENTAT10N
獨 A B10GRAPHY
 speaking moments in history . reading modern history . grammar reported speech . vocabulary say or tell .
speaking reporting an interview

1lb Ⅳ[odern history

靡鬱聰燒雉:鶉 鬱 Reading
Ⅷ 予vhat dO you think is the lllost 4 Read the article. Number the paragraphs (A-E) in the
illlportant moment of v√ Orld correct order.
histOry in your lifetime?VVhy?
5 Answer the questions with information from the article about
量 ルvOrk in grouPs.Think of one times and dates.
irllportant historical rnoment fOr
each Of these topics.
1 What date did the space age begin?
2 How many years later did anAmerican walk on the moon?
world po‖ tics
3 \zVhen did the US lead the space race?
famous individuals
4 How many years later did they agree on plans for the ISS?
space exp:oration
5 When did the ISS start orbiting the Earth?
culture and the arts
6 \Alhen did'space tourism'begin?
7 rNhat period of history does the speaker talk about at the end?
countriOs and cities
technology 6 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

麟 cOmpare yourideasf‐ om 1 What is an important date and year in your country's history?
l・

Exercise 2 vvith the rest Of the

2 Which is your favourite decade in history?
class.Then ch00se the threelnost
3 \ /hich century in your country's history is the most interesting?
importantlnoments in history.
4 Do you remember what you were doing at the turn of the
last century?
5 How do you think life will change in the next half century?
。
Ｍ
は ″

M E N T S I N

汐芍 炒 贔
． イ

S γ
Ｊレ

‐ ‐―
摯 ・
‐ ・ ‐‐‐
・ ‐‐ ― ￨■
‐
・
`θ ￨■ ￨￨￨■ ￨￨■ ￨￨￨￨■ ￨￨￨■ ￨￨￨￨￨■ ￨￨■ ■■￨￨
￨￨￨￨￨￨■ ￨￨￨■ ■ ■ ￨￨￨￨￨■ ■ 111111■ ■ ■ ■ ￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨■ ￨￨￨￨‐ ￨￨￨￨● ■ ￨￨￨￨￨￨■ ￨

A C1
Eight years later, an American finally walked on the On October 4,1957, the Soviet Union sent Sputnik 1 into space and
moon and during the early seventies the US led a new age in history began -The Space Age.The Soviets launched
the Soviet Union in the space race. However, space more Sputnik satellites in the fifties and by 1961 they had put the
travel was expensive and they needed to co-operate first man into space.
more. As a result, in 1975 astronauts from both D
countries flew two spacecraft and met in space.
And what about the next half a century? ln 2009, a Russian Space
Afterwards, one astronaut said that the mission
Chief said Russia was planning a nuclear spaceship for Mars. ln
showed that the Soviet Union and America could
2010, the US president Barack Obama told an audience that by the
work together.
mid-2030s the US would send humans to Mars. The race for Mars
B has already started.
At the beginning ofthe twenty-first century, E
businessman DennisTito paid twenty million dollars
Nearly two decades later, leaders from both countrles said they
and told the world he loved space as he spent
had agreed on plans for a new international space station (lSS) and
eight days on the 155. Since then, space tourism has
by the turn ofthe century the l55 had started orbiting the Earth.
developed with plans for regular tours and floating
Nowadays, the ISS is used by scientists from all over the world.
hotels.
●￨￨■ ,■￨■ ■ ■ ,￨￨￨■・ ￨・

=
￨￨1111

註
==濾
 Unit ll History

Grammar reported speech Vocabulary say or tell

Look at the example of reported speech from the article in 10 Look back at the article in Exercise 4
Exercise 4 and the direct speech equivalent. \Mhich words and underline examples of say (snid) or
change in reported speech? tell (told). Then complete this rule with
Reported speech: One astronaut said that the mission showed say or tell.
that the Soviet Union and America could work together. always needs an object
Direct speech: One astronaut said, 'The mission shows that such as me, him, her, you, us, them,
the Soviet Union and America can work together.' eaeryone. Do not follow
with an object.
8 Look at the examples of direct speech. Then look back at the
article in Exercise 4 and find their equivalents in reported 11 Choose the correct options to complete
speech. How do the pronouns and tenses change? the conversation.

1 Tito said, 'I love space.' A: Did 11 say / tell you there was a great

2 The two leaders of both countries said, 'We agreed on TV programme on last night?
plans for a new international space station.' B: No, what was it about?
3 A Russian Space Chief said, 'Russia is planning a nuclear A: Space travel in the next century.
spaceship for Mars.' They 2 said / told humans would soon
4 Barack Obama told an audience that,'By the mid-2030s land on Mars.
the US will send humans to Mars.' B: Really? When did they 3 say / tell it
would happen?
A: The presenter didn't a say / tell ts
Direct speech ) Reported speech exactly but I think before the year
Present simple Past simple 2050.
Present continuous Past continuous B: I read another article and it
s
Past simple Past perfect slid / told there would be a hotel
Present perfect Past perfect on the moon soon.
И″〃 И/ο υノ A: Yes, but someone 6
c/ said / told rne a
For furtherinfOrmatiOn and practice′ see page 167
few years ago that there were going
to be space hotels orbiting the Earth
soon but nothing's happened yet.
9 Look at the grammar box. Then complete the direct and
reported speech sentences.
Spea ki ng
1 The boy said, 'One day I want to be an astronaut.'
X 2 Work in pairs. Interview each other
The boy said that one day to be an astronaut.
2 Last year the president said he had plans for a new with these questions and write down
mission to the moon. your partner's answers.
Last year the president said, .. . for a new 1 What's one thing you want to do in
mission to the moon.' your lifetime (e.g. jump out of an
3 In2010, Astronomers said, 'The Hubble Telescope has aeroplane, travel into space)?
found a new planet.' 2 \zVhich was your favourite subject at
In 2010, Astronomers said that the Hubble Telescope school (e.g. history, geography)?
..... a new planet. 3 What famous historical places have
4 Scientists said the robot had discovered water on the you visited (e.g. Stonehenge, The
planet. Creat Wall of China)?
Scientists said,'The robot water on the 4 Do you think you will travel to space
planet. in your lifetime? Where will you go
5 The radio announcer said, 'The rocket is landing., (e.g. Mars, the moon)?
The radio announcer said the rocket
6 The Government said they were discussing the problem. 13 Work with a new partner and report
The Government said,'We the problem., your original partner's answers. Use say
7 China said, 'We will visit the moon in the next few vears., or tell and reported speech.
Chilla said it the moon in the next few years.
He said he wanted ...
8 They said they couldn't afford the ticket into space.
They said,'We the ticket into space.' She told me it had been ...

瘍 HOW WE USED TO日 VE>鵬 田墜ШШ闊幽Щ製鵬出 RESEARCHING A B10GRAPHY A PRESENTAT10N

釉 ‐A BIOGRAPHY
 reading a biography . critical thinking relevance . word focus set o writing and speaking researching a biography

1lc The life ofJane C00dall

Reading Critl喧 機‡thinking relevance
'l po you ever read biographies? What kind of 4 The statements(a一 d)COuld be mcluded as useml
people do you like to read about (e.g. people backgrOund inforlllation at the end of four of the
from history, celebrities)? paragraphs in the article.NIatch them ttvith the correct
paragraph.
2 Read the biography about the life of ]ane
a This、 へ
″as newv and surprising scientilic infOrlllation
Goodall on page 135. Which paragraphs are
at that time.
about her life during these different times?
b Even ordinary people around the wvorld ttvere
1 the sixties starting to recognise her name.
2 the seventies c This v7as the start of a lifetime of studying the
3 the eighties behaviour Of the chilnps in Africa.
4 the nineties up to the present daY d Thisttvork continues to the present day

Word focus set

5 fina four
phrasal verbs with sef in the biography.
Then complete the definitions (1-4) with the correct
particle.
1 set : start ajourney
2 set : start something new such as a new
business
3 set.....-...... . ........: start doing something with energy
and enthusiasm
4 set ............. . ..: start something with a particular aim
6 Complete the questions with a phrasal verb with sef.
Then ask and answer the questions with your partner.
1 \tVhat time did you . to work/college this
.

moming?
2 \tVhat time did you . starting work?
3 Did you always to do the job you have
3 Read the biography again and answer the now?
questions. Underline the information in the 4 Have you evff wanted to yOuF OWn
article which gives you the answer. Then business?
compare your answers and the information
you underlined with your Partner. Writing and speaking
L \Atrho was ]ane travelling with when she
7
first arrived in Gombe? Work in pairs. Imagine you are biographers and
2 How soon after she arrived did she try to you are going to write a biography of Jane Goodall.
find her first chimpanzee? Prepare seven or eight interview questions for her
3 How qualified was she for this kind of based on the information in the article.
work? Example:
4 \Atrhat did she discover about chimpanzees? Do qou rerrctnber your first dny in Gombe?
5 When did scientists and academics start What did you haae with yott?
reading about her work? Why did you set off irno the forest?
6 \A/hy did Gombebecome a dangerous
place? 8 Work with a new partner and roleplay an interview
7 Did all the foreigners, including ]ane, leave between the biographer and jane Goodall. Take turns
the region? to be the interviewer and ]ane.
8 \tVhy were there only about a hundred
chimpanzees living in Gombe by the end of
the eighties?
９

Has ]ane retired?

・
０

What does she do in her spare time?

1 134
 Unit ll History

During the seventies, Gombe became a dangerous place

to work. lt is on the border of four different countries
Jane Goodall arrived on the east shore of Lake Tanganyika
and there was fighting between soldiers and rebels.
and the Gombe National Park. 5he had brought a tent, a
Many foreigners f led the region but Jane stayed. ln the
cup without a handle, a pair of binoculars and her mother. A
end, she needed a military escort in order to continue
groupof localmen metthestrange pairof women and helped
her work. ln one of her diaries from this period she
carry their camping gear. Then, around 5 p.m., somebody
notices that chimpanzees can also be violent: 'l thought
reported that they had seen a chimpanzee. Straight away,
Jane set off into the forest to find her first chimpanzee.
the chimps were nicer than we are. But time has
revealed that they are not. They can be just as awful.'
As a young woman, Jane Goodall had no scientific
A different problem developed in Gombe in the 1980s.
qualifications but this didn't stop her from following her
The human population in the region was increasing
childhood dream of studying chimpanzees in Africa. She
which caused deforestation. As a result of this there
had set out to study the animals and find out how they
were only about a hundred chimpanzees living in
really lived. After many months of difficult work she
Gombe by the end of the decade. Jane realised that
made three important discoveries: chimpanzees ate meat,
something had to be done so chimpanzees and
they used tools to get food and they also made tools.
humans could live together so she set about helping
Every evening. Jane wrote her findings in a diary and the local community to grow more trees in the region.
she began to publish articles in journals such as National
After'l 989, Jane left her career in Gombe in order to
Geog ra p h i c magazine. After a wh i le, scientists and academics
do other work. Firstly, she started travelling and giving
started reading her studies and Jane was offered a place
lectures. She protested about the cruelty to chimpanzees
at a university. After more years of research she became
used in medical research laboratories. She also set up
Doctor Jane Goodall in 1966. Her work was also making her
sanctuaries for chimps which had been captured or
famous. There was a film documentary Miss Goodall and
were orphans because of the trade in chimpanzee meat.
the Wild Chimpanzees (1963) and then the first of many
Nowadays, she spends about 300 days a year giving
books called My Friends the Wild Chimpanzees (1969).
interviews. talks and lectures, meeting with government
rebel (n) ,'rebl, soldier who fights against government soldiers
officials and raising money for the Jane Goodall
fled (to flee) (v) /fled/ left quickly beqause of a dangerous
lnstitute which continues her research. She has very
situation little spare time left but she still spends part of every
deforestation (n) /,dir,fon'ster.fn/ when trees and forests year in the forest in Gombe, watching her chimpanzees.
d isappear
sanctuary (n) /'saerlkt.l'uan/ a safe place
trade (n) /trerd/.buying and selling

■■ ‐
■
￨￨￨

ア■

晨 鯰 鯰 藤 憑 警 卜 How WE USEI TO日 VE :NTERVIEW I

鷲
real life giving a short presentation . pronunciation pausing

蜻
に膨Ajourney tolMachu Picchu
Reか l‡ ife giving a 5h6rt 3 112.憾 l Listen again and cOmplete these exPreSSiOns for
giving a short presentation.
presentation
踊 Do you ever give talks or presentations
in your owvn language(or in English)? Good morning and 1
all for coming
予Vhat are they about?ル Vhy would people Today I would like to'z about...
Let me 3 by telling you about ...
give talks or presentations in these 4 .
situations?
5o, that's everything I wanted to . about ...
onto...

朧
● at wvork part of my presentation is about...
● at school or university ............. .. you some of my photos.
of my talk. To sum up ...
・ atthe rneeting of a local club or town
council Ⅲ デ ‐
e at a special occasion(e.g.a wedding) … ・ ・=・
・=‐

盟《
卜2.3燿 Listen to PartS Of a presentation 4 Fronunciation pausing
about Peru and Machu Picchu.ヤ Vhich of
the topics(1-6)does the presenter talk a Z":Z Presenters often pause at the end of a sentence,
tiil,u

about? the end of a phrase, or before and after important words

they want to emphasise. Listen and read the first part of the
l the people in Peru and their custoIIs presentation. Notice the first five pauses (/) and write in the
2 the histOry of Machu Picchu other pauses.
3 the history ofthe lncas
4 the capital city of Peru Good morning / and thank you all for coming. / Today /
5 his owniourney I'd like to talk about / my holiday in Peru / andin
6 thefood in Peru particular, about my journey to Machu Picchu. It's also
called 'The Lost City of the Incas'. Let me begin by telling
you about the history of Machu Picchu.

b Work in pairs. Try reading the same part of the presentation

u,ith similar pauses.
14
1■ ぜ
5 Prepare a short presentation for your partner. Think about
￨■ 1
a historical place you have visited and make notes for these
questions:
. Where is it?
. \,Vhy is it important?
o \Mho lived there in the past?
 writing a biography writing skill punctuation in direct speech Unit ll History

1le The greatest lnountaineer

Writing a biography
1 fnint of three pieces of information you
would expect to find in a biography.
Compare your ideas with your partner.

2 Read the biography about Rehhold

Messner. Does it include your ideas from
Exercise 1? Which paragraph (1-4) has
information aboutihe topics (a-f)? Two
paragraphs each contain two topics.
a \Atrhen and where the person was born
b Childhood and early life
c \A/hy the person became well-known,
famous or important
d Something the person said or a famous
quotation
e think or have said
\zVhat other people
about the person
f When the person died or what the
person is doing now

Writing skill punctuation in LR‐ k‐ 瘍

direct speech
a The first sentence in the biography of
Messner includes direct speech. Underline
three more examples of sentences with
direct speeeh in the text.
b Answer these questions about punctuation
rules for direct speech.
1 \zVhere do you put the two quotation
marks?
2 Do you always put a full stop at the
end of the quotation or only if it ends
the sentence?
3 \zVhere do you put the comma? What
does it separate?
Write in the missing punctuation.
1 My grandfather always told me you
should follow your dreams
Yes we can said Barack Obama when
he campaigned to become the US
President
Film critics say she's the greatest actress
of her generation
Education is the most powerful weapon
said Nelson Mandela
1雉 痣核蝙核 鶉写
Reinhold Messner has been described as 'the greatest
mountaineer in history'. He's famous for being the first
man to climb Mount Everest without oxygen in 1980.
But he was also the first man to climb all fourteen of the
world's mountains over eight thousand feet.
Messner was born in 1944 in a small village in the
mountains of northern ltaly. When he talks about the
area he still says, 'it's the most beautiful place in the
world.' His father was a climber and took his son up a
mountain when he was only five. As a teenager Messner
climbed with his younger brother Gunther.
In their twenties, the two brothers started climbing
in the Himalayas but Gunther died in an accident and
Reinhold lost six toes. Nevertheless, Messner continued
climbing and he became a legend among other
mountaineers. The climber Hans Kammerlander believes
Reinhold changed climbing. 'Reinhold had so many new
ideas,' says Kammerlander. 'He found new ways, new
techniques.'
Nowadays Messner spends more time at home with his
family and he has written over sixty books. ln 2006 he
opened the Messner Mountain Museum where people
can find out more about the world he loves.
￨ ■￨ ‐
■‐‐￨ ■ ■￨■ ‐￨ ‐
l fOct=0 3048 mё tres

4 Write a shortbiography (100-120 words)

5 Exchange your biography wvith a partner.Use these
about someone famous or someone you
questions to check your partner/s biography
admire. Try to include all the topics in
ヽ．ヽ

Exercise 2 and remember to use the correct 。 シVhich topics in Exercise 2 has he/she included?
﹂

O Is the punctuation correct?

一■﹁﹁ 一

pr.rnctuation with quotations or direct speech.

HOW WE USED TO日 VE REPORTING AN INTERVIEW RESEARCHING A B10GRAPHY A PRESENTAT10N

・

靱
Qな 卜 四 露 幽 Ш

□
罐SIThё 110st city Of
￨に

Machu Picchu
 Unit ll History

鯰@foFtt yo∪ 亀
顧畿tch After you watch
糧 ルvOrk in groups.Look atthe photo and discuss
the questions
7 Roleplay discussing the future of Machu
Picchu
1 7Vho are the peoPle in the photo?
2 7Vhere are they? Work in pairs.
3 ルヽ 「hat are they doing?
Student A: You are a conservationist. Read the
4 VVhat do you think the caption rlleans? information below and make notes. Argue your
point of view with your partner.
つ

2 Tick the things you think you are going to see in

. limit the number of tourists who
苫憂劇

the video You want to

visit the ancient city.
biCyC10, busOs cameras children do9s . Give reasons (for example, too many people
mountains a river ruins a train umbre‖ as are destroying the ruins, people leave a lot of
rubbish).

While you watch
Watch the video and check your answers from
Exercise 2.
4 Choose the correct option to complete the
surnmary.
Machu Picchu is an ancient city 1 8,0A0 / $,0A0 feet
up in the 2 Andes / Pyrenees.It is over 3 1,000 / 500
years old. It is sometimes called the lost city of the
a
lncas / Aztecs. \Atrhen their civilisation ended, few
people knew Machu Picchu existed but in s L911- /
2001 anexplorer, Hiram 6 Bingham / Birmingham,
found it again.
Student B: You work in the tourist industry. Read
the information below and make notes. Argue
your point of view with your partner.
. You want to increase access to Machu Picchu.
. Give your reasons (for example, more tourists
means more money for the local economy, hotel
owners will benefit).
Act out the discussion. Then change roles and
repeat the discussion.
8 According to the narrator, time maybe running
out for the 'Lost City of the hrca'. What do you
think she means by this?

5 Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Watch the
video again to check your answers.
1 It is always sunny at Machu Picchu.
2 The lost city is not very popular with tourists.
3 You can't walk around the ruins.
4 Machu Picchu is now a very noisy place.
5 Local people would like more tourists to visit
Machu Picchu.
6 Conservationists say that tourism is good for
ヽ﹂
9 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
1 Are there any ancient sites or ruins in your
country? V\rho built them? Are they tourist
attractions?
2 Does tourism have a positive or negative
impact on these places? \tVhy? / \zVhy not?
3 How can ancient monuments best be preserved
for future generations?

the environment.
︲ 
・ 

7 Many parts of Peru are very poor.

＾

8 Aguas Calientes is a very large city.

6 Match the people (1*3) with what they say (a-f).

１

lulio (tour guide)

２

jos6 (hotel owner)

３   ａ ｂ

The narrator
ancient (adj) /'crn.l'ent/ very old
It is a magic attraction. conservationist (n) /kons:r'vcr.fanrst/ a person who works to
Why not be like the rest of the world? preserve a natural or ancient place
ｃ ｄ

Why keep it to the few? explorer (n) /rks'plc:rai a person who goes to places where
Machu Picchu is one of the magnetic centres of people do not normally go
tlle ancient l∼ rorld. fog (n) lnu low cloud that makes it diff icult to see
e Tl■ is beautiful quiet place is covered in ruins (n) l'rutrnzl destroyed buildings
sunshine run out (v) /r,rn 'autl come to the end, finish
f Even in therain and fog/it′ s wonder■ 1lto walk stall (n) /stcrl/ a temporary shop without walls
through the ruins. step (n) lstep/ the place where you put your foot when you
go up stairs
summit (n) /'s,rmrt/ the top of a mountain
レ
ー J tourist (n) /'tuerrstl a person who visits a place on holiday

139
 UNI丁 1l REVIElⅣ
G rarn ma r Vocabulary
1 Complete the sentences with the correct 5 Look at the photo. What does it show? \Atrhat do you think
form of used to. they were for?
1 石
ヤヽe live in England but now
we live in Scotland.
2 | have short hair but now it's
much longer.
3 They like vegetables, but now
they love theml
4 There be trees all around my
house but now there are other houses.
5 The town have caf6s and
restaurants, but now there are lots of
places to eat and drink.

2 Work in pairs. Comment on these aspects

of your appearance in the past and now.
. length and/or colour of hair
. height
. wearing glasses
. colours and style of clothes 7 Complete the text with these words and check your ideas
in Exercise 5.

I used to have long hair and now I don't.

archaeologists civilisation excavations
pyramids sacrif ices statue
Rewrite the direct speech into reported
speech. The lnca 1
was the largest in South America in the
1 'I want to fly in space.' thirteenth and fourteenth century. Today, you can visit the
He said he huge 2 that they built and 3 are still finding
2 'I'n driving home.' objects from their past. For example, the a on the
She said she left of the photo is a llama. lt was found in s ata
3 'We visited the pyramid inGiza.' site which they used for animal and human 6
Thev said thev
4 'He's gone to the museum.'
You said he lCAN
5 'One day I'11go on holiday to Rome.' talk about history and archaeolo9y
Matt said one dav he

4 Complete the sentences with say or tell. R@al‡ ife

t him to hurry upl S Putthese sentences tl・ orll diferent parts of the
2 Didshe what time she was presentation in the order the speaker said them (1-7).
coming?
Today I′ d like to talk about my visit to ltaly.
3 Don't me the answer. I′ 11ルvork it
l Good lnorning everyone and thank you for cOll■ ing
out.
So that/s everything about Pisa and its leaning tower
4 Did the archaeologist 耽rho built
But before l linish′ are there any questions?
this house?
Let me begin by telling you a bit aboutthe city of Pisa
5 Work in pairs. Tell your partner something: That′ sthe end of my talk.

. No■ v let′ s lllove onto rny next stop vvrhich v√ as the city
the news reader on the TV or radio said
of Florence
this morning.
. your English teacher told you in the iCAN
lesson today. give a short presentation

I CAN
talk about past situations and habits
report what people said or told me
Speak‡ 籟g
9 E)iscuss as a class WVhat′ s your favourite historical
period?予Vhy?VVhat do you like aboutit(e.g.the clothes′
the architecture′ the art)?

140
 霰nit¶ 量 ]Nature

レ毒
〓ヽ
１

FEATURES Look at the photo. Describe what you can see.

２

2.33 Listen to a nature expert talking about the photo.

142 Nature in one cubic
foot
One photographer finds
whole ecosystems in small
spaces
144 The power of nature
How two scientists measure
a tornado
!rr,i
Answer the questions.
1 Which animals does she talk about?
2 Where is each animal hiding or hunting?
3 Match these words to the correct category (1-7) in the
diagram. Then think of one more word for each category.
butterf ly eagle horse shark snake toad tree
NATURE

146 Changing Greenland ++

PLANT ANII4AL
Warmer summers and
global warning are 5
changing Greenland -but is INSECT AMPHIBIAN MAMMAL
it for the better?
4 Work in pairs. Complete these sentences with the name of an
150 Cambodia animal animal (or animals) and give reasons.
rescue I've never seen ...
A video about the work of
an organisation to save rare l'd love to have a ... as a pet.
animals
I'm really scared of ...

椰 PROMOTING YOUR REG10N PLANNING FOR EVERY POSSIBILITY PREDICTING YOUR COUNTRY'S FUTURE
FINDING A SOLUT10N 彗璽菫己聾 A PRESS RELEASE
 listening a documentary . grammar any-, every-, no-, some- and -thing, -where, -one, -body .
speaking promoting your region

12a Nature in one cubic foot

Listen ing
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the
questions.
1 Do you like taking photos?
2 Do you eYer take photos of
nature? Why? / Why not?

2 Match the photos (A-D) with the

locations (1-4).
1 forest 3 ocean
2 mountain 4 river
3眸 2.34 Listen to a documentary
about David L五 ttschwvageし the
photographe■ ヤVhy does he take
photos of the green lnetal fl・ ame?

敬
4 忙酸2.34 Listen to the documentary
again.Are the sentences true(T)Or
false(F)?

l The narrator thinks lnost people

look atthe natural vvorld and
see everything.
2 David L五 ttschvvager tl■ inks
there is nattlral beauサ
everywvhere.
3 He took his green cubic foot
to many different parts ofthe
world.
4 He spentthree w、 reeks takhg
photos arOund the vvorld.
5 1-Ie photographed living thil■ gs
that wvere smaller than one
nlillimetre in size.
6 1n total′ he photographed over
a thousand organislns in each
cubic foot.

予Vork in palrs.Descrlbe the vlevv

fron■ a ttvIIldo、 ′ln your hOuse.Use
∼
these questions to help you.

・ Can you see any natural

locations such as IInountams Or
rivers?
・ Do you look at buildings and
roads?
O Howvimportantisitfor you to
look at nature?

142
 Unit 12 Nature

‐
玲嘔薇輻口r any‐ ′every‐ ′no‐ ′
Nゝere′
わling′ ‐
50me‐ and口 古
‐ body
one′ 口
畷
6 Look atthe highlighted wOrdsin these ノ
sentences frOm the dOculllentary in i卜覇 ≒, ヽ ■

Exercise 3.Does the yello■ v part ofthe■ へ

″ord 躊葎 ′"
X｀
ν

talk about a place/a person Or an object?

■■■■■

＋◆秒ゲ
ヽ r

簸 ゝ

卜 ヽ も   、″
や
ダ 12へ
ny who visits New
l Everyone looks at nature dillerently 亀 /
2 Ma〕 あe you′ re somebody who has no York visits Central Park but it isn't
晉 ヽ

、
2
interest in nature some that's famous for

難
. i‐ its natural life. However, the forest
3 1fyou go anyw、 rhere green′ you don/t
is fu1l of plants and animals.
麒 鰻 ｀摯
notice anything
4 Nowherein the wOrld is without
natural beauty

P Look atthe green part ofthe highlighted

vvords in Exercise 6 Complete the
sentences■ 、
rith′ llノ ′ lzθ ―
ry/sθ ′ or llθ .

`tlι
where is as beautiful
1 0ne 10ves taking photos lt/s very
as a coral reef and there's always
popular
thing to look at: from
2 one likes that photo Wヽ 石
e alllook
the multi-coloured coral to the
terrible in it
orange, green and yeilow sea life.
3 one can take a photo.It′ s easy.
4 one took llly photo lt′ s in today′ s
newvspaper.

:Af● rmO● vё (eVery´ ′anyラ some‐ )

Possibly, there isn't'
l ft/eryο neノ ′
kes nalυ re
where else in the world with an
iハ η
ybο dyあ n take a ρわ
οlo
ёお gO SOmettere ecosystem as rich as this one.
:ι
6
Every you look, there
:Nega● ve(nO.any― ) are different types of plants.
:ⅣO οne υsesめ e pa慮 ′ n my cFν
:Peoρ ノ
e dο nt nο ce anyめ
i′ ng ttere
′
・艤 畿 畿 畿 醸 徹 骰 脩

see
ゝ 砕︱   ・ 鸞 鰺 縣

:For further information and practice′

i page 468 警 :

絨攣
t 轟
8 Look atthe grallllnar box Then read
が

ヽ ｒ ヽ ノ ｊ

■１、１，  ′  ¨
ヽ ｔ

the infOrlnatiOn about fOur dillerent body in Tennessee

な、 Ｊ 蓮

ecosystems on the right.Complete the who likes fishing knows about the
ｔ

vvords SOmetimes IIlore than One answer Duck River. It's one of the most
﹃
鱗

iS POSSible biodiverse rivers in the USA.

Speaking I
9 Look at these slogans from different
°(llイ
ツ り雀
advertisements. \Atrhat are they
advertising? _::ツ γ‐
彎 (γ .11111‐ ￨.‐ 7年 1_
10rk in grouPs IInagine you vvork for a local tOurist
増醸 ル、
company v√ hich lへ「ants to attract more visitors 「 FI:¥‐ l,7P,Teand qubtbutsshhi DOnttttanyOnel
to the region.ヤ Vrite four slogans to use on your
advertisements.
濁穐 when you are ready/ch00se your bestidea and tellthe ￨い .Ⅲ is looking for natural Paradise
... We know where it is.
class.予Vhich is the best s10gan?

PLANNING FOR EVERY POSSIBILITY PREDICTING YOUR COUNTRY′ S FUTURE

F!NDING A SOLUT10N A PRESS RELEASE
vocabulary and readinE extreme weather . grammar second conditional o pronunciation would /'d .
speaking planning for every possibility

12b The power of nature

Vocabulary and reading extreme weather
1 Match these weather words with the pictures (A-F).

flood hurricane lightning snow storm

thunderstorm tornado

Discuss the questions.

1 \A/hich parts of the world often have the extreme
weather in Exercise 1? 早￨￨■ ‐
2 \Mhich types of extreme weather do you have in
your country?
3 \tVhat time of year is typical for this kind of
￨111111111111il`_‐ ‐

weather? ■￨■ ■￨￨￨￨￨■ ￨￨:￨■ ￨￨￨￨￨■ ■

3 Read the article below. \zVhat type of extreme weather is

it about?
R,x Geyer Both Tim Samaras
4 Read the article again. Complete the diagram with
the phrases (1-5).
1 sees a tornado 4 is lucky
2 drives away from the tornado 5 is very unlucky
3 drives towards the tornado

ltt early evening and Rex Geyerand hisfamily are eating dinnen On the丁 Ⅵ the weather
man iste‖ ing everyone to look outfortornadoes.:fa tornado hit Rex′ s house′ it lA/Ould
Suddenly, Rex's brother rushes through the front door.'Tornado! We
have to go now!'he shouts. The whole family run to the car. 2 As they drive away
to safety, two cars go past in the opposite direction - straight towards the tornado.
lf anyone else drove in that direction, they d be mad. But the people in the cars are Tim
Samaras and Pat Porter who follow and study tornadoes. This year they are trying to put
a'probe'into the middle of a tornado. So far they haven't been successful. lf the tornado
passed over the probe, it would record a lot of useful scientific data so they are keen to
try.' .. ... .. .

As Tim and Pat drive closer, the tornado gets bigger. They put a probe on the ground
and, at the last moment, they drive away. a The tornado passes
..:,ii right over the probe and gives Tim and Pat new and exciting
scientific data. Unfortunately, for Rex and his family, the
news is not so good. The following day they return to their
house but it's gone. Rex says,'There was nothing left, no
trees, no house, nothingl ,.i
￨￨￨￨￨￨

:=

5 Complete the gaps in the article (1-4) with
the sentences (a-d).
a Maybe they'll be lucky this time.
b Tornadoes travel at over two hundred
miles an hour and the biggest are a
kilometre wide.
C This time it works!
d They leave everything except for a
mobile phone.
6 Work in pairs. Complete the comments
about the people in the article with your
own words.
1 I feel sorry for Rex because ...
2 I think people like Tim and
Pat have to be a bit crazy because ...
3 Rex and his family were unlucky but
they were also lucky because ...
Grammar second
conditional
7 Look at the sentences (a-b) from the article.
Answer the questions (1-2).
a Tornadoes travel at over two hundred
miles an hour and the biggest are a
kilometre wide.
b If a tornado hit Rex's house, it would
1 \tVhich sentence describes something real
or a fact?
2 \tVhich describes something unreal or
imagined?
8 Match the two parts of this grammar
explanation.
In second conditional sentences:
1 we use if + pnst simple inthe if-clause to
2 we use would/wouldn't + infinitive in the
main clause to
a describe the situation.
b describe the imagined result of the
situation.
:yOυ rわ 。υSe 2 present your ideas to the class.
see
:For further infOrmation and practice′
曰
」
i page 168
靱 I PROMOT:NG YOUR REG10N
FINDING A SOLUT10N IR隆 はなに A PRESS RELEASE
Unit 12 Nature
9 Complete the text about the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic
Ocean with the correct form of the verbs. Addwould/
wouldn' t where necessary.
ｆ
ｈ
︲
ｔは
ｅ
議 畿議 穣 糠
changed ...
The Gulf Stream is a current
of warm water which begins
in Florida and travels across
the Atlantic Ocean. As a result,
countries on the west coast of
Europe have warmer climates.
Iftherc l (be) no gulf stream, life in Europe
(change) forever and countries like Great Britain
. . (become) much colder, especially in the winter.
If the sea was colder, spring and summer a
(not / last) as long. Farmers (not / produce)
certain qpes of food and heating costs 6 . . (go ,rp).
Ifthe GulfStream never (return), eventually
Europe (have) another ice age. As the world's
climate changes, some scientists believe this might actually happen.
10 Pronunciation would /'d
a 磋 2.35 Listen to a short cOnversation.How manytimes
do you hearthe words ωθz:あ ωθ 夕:グ ηtt Orり ?
b Look atthe audiOscript on page 174 and check your
answers.Then PraCtiSe reading the conversation aloud
with your partnen
11 Work in PairS・ Prastise sllnilar cOnversations to the one
in Exercise 10.Use these questions to help you.
l Would you live in another country if you could?
1/Vhere would you rnove to?
2 Would you like to rneetsomeone famous?Who?
VⅥ latttrould you ask them?
3 1ヽ lould you go into space if you had the opporturuサ ?
Which Planet WOuld you like to visi′
Spea ki ng
12 Work in groups.Imagine you work for a special
department in the government and you must plan for
any future possibility. Discuss what action you would
take for each of the following situations. Afterwards
What would happen if:
. the weather became much colder?
. the level of the sea and rirrers rose?
o there wasn't enough oil?
lf the weather became much coldel we'd need more heating
PREDICTING YOUR COUNTRY'S FUTURE
 reading profile of a country o critical thinking close reading . vocabulary society and economics .
grammar will / might for predictions about the future . speaking predicting your country's future

12c Changing Greenland

Reading 7 Pronunciation、 Ⅳord stress

1 Work in groups of four. V\4rat do you know 暴 2.36 Listen to tl■ e answersin Exercise 6 and
about Greenland? Brainstorm as much information underline the stressed syllable in each wvord
as possible.
Then listen again and repeat.

ε
θO塑 解′
ε動算ε
が多′
ごS
2 Work in your groups again. The article onpagel47
has four paragraphs. Each student reads one
paragraph and answers the questions (1-4). Gramm ar will I might
1 in Greenland?
\Atrhat recent changes are there
慇 Look at the highlighted verbs in these
2 What are the problems and dilemmas for sentences from the article Both lllake
Greenlanders? predictions about the future.VVhich verb is
more certain?Which verb is less certain?
Take turns to report your answers back to the rest of 1 0il prOduction v√ ill begin in the next fe、 へ
″
the group. Write notes about the other paragraphs. years.
2 Driersummersll■ ight create new problems
4 Read the whole article and check all your information.

Critical thinking close reading modal

5 Read sentences 1-7. Write answers A, B or C.

A = The sentence is true. The information is in the text.
B = The sentence is false. The information is in the text.
C = We don't know if it's true or false. The information
isn't in the text.
1 Greenland has the smallest population in the world.
2 25% of the population live in the cities.
3 Spa levels around Greenland are rising.
4 There are plans to drill for oil around the coast.
5 The country has a difficult choice about the oil.
6 Farmers have longer periods to grow their crops.
7 The author thinks they might not sing the song
because the winters won't be long in a hundred
years'time.
10 Work in groups. Compare your predictions.
Vocabulary society and economics
l/you/he/she/ will
iUwe/they might 魃
Speaking
What do you think will or might change in
your country in the next ten years? Make
predictions for these areas about your country.
. population and cities
. the economic situation and taxes
. social problems and difficulties
o technological developments and traditional
industries
. any other issues affecting your country
How similar or different are your predictions?

6 pind these adjectives and nouns in the article and There might be /ess countryside because ...
match them with the nouns.
More people will move
Adjective Noun
to the cities because ...
1 economic ----r resources
2 social \ season
lf more people have modern
3 traditional economy technology, there will I might ...
4 modern :difficulties
5 strong development
6 natural problems
7 growing industry
撃馨

rS Of WOFdS Wlll● ￨￨●¨ ,IⅢ● ■ ￨IⅢ Ⅲ Ⅲ lll10Ⅲ ■

country has had economic difficulties.
traditional industry is fishing.

:… ⅢⅢⅢⅢⅢⅢⅢⅢ呻年摯摯￨￨■■

￨∵
 一
一
一一
一
一
一
一一
一
一
一
一一
一
一
一
一一
一一
一一
一一
一一一
一一
一一
t」 nit 12 Nature

￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨￨■ ■￨
:■ ￨

■￨￨￨￨￨￨■ ￨

￨● ￨● ￨
=■111■
￨￨￨￨■ ■

Greenland is the largest island in the world but has a small

population of 56,000. Many of these'Greenlanders'Iive close
to the coastline because a large part ofthe country is covered
with ice and glaciers. More than a quarter of all the people
live in the capital, Nuuk. Since the 1960s, the country has
had economic difficulties and social problems. Its traditional
industry - and its biggest - is fishing but the country still
imports much more than it exports. Now however, Iife is
about to change dramatically for many Greenlanders - and Farming will also change. The growing season is longer
all because of the weather. with spring arriving earlier and longer summers. On the
one hand, if the country produced more of its own food,
Most scientists agree that the world's climate is getting
warmer and you can already see the difference in Greenland.
it wouldnt need to import so much. On the other hand,
some farmers are worried. Th.y think the drier summers
For example, small icebergs - about the size of city buses
might create new problems. For example, last year, it was so
- are floating near to the coast. They have broken off from dry, farmers produced half the normal amount of food.
much larger areas ofice further out in the ocean because of
I spent my last night in the town of Qaqortoq with farming
the change in temperature. Furthermore, the huge sheet of
families at their annual celebration before the summer
ice which covers Greenland is shrinking by about 75 cubic
kilometres each year. If all of Greenlandt ice melted, sea
begins. After dinner, everyone started singing this
levels across the world would rise by 7.5 metres. traditional song. The song
is about the importance of
One industry that is benefiting from the melting ice is the summer in a place where, in
oil industry. Nowadays, the sea around the west coast of the past, the winters were long
Greenland has no ice for six months of the year. This means and the summers were short.
oil companies can explore this area. They plan to drill for oil As nature and the weather
in the next fewyears. Greenlanders have mixed feelings about changes in Greenland, I
this modern development. The countryt prime minister, wondered if they would still
Kuupik Kleist, explains the dilemma: 'The Arctic people sing this song in a hundred
are the ones most exposed to climate change but we need years' time. They might not.
a strong economy and we have to utilise the opportunities
that oil could bring us ... we dont have any other natural

鵠鮮灘慇F黎
resources for the time being that hold as much potential as oili
鰊骰

茫
speaking and reading problem for a zoo ' real life finding a solution

12d Saving the zoo

ヅ 魏 薇醸 雉 ;謳 踪 機晰 睦『 鍮隕鱚 ‡鰊 翁 4鍮 2.37 Complete tl■ e sentences with tl■ ese phrases.

Then listen again and check.
蝿 Do you ever vistt zoos?予 Ⅵly?/1ヽ 1■ y not?

量 Look atthe photo and read the newspaper

extract belovv Ansv、 rer the questions.

l ls it certain that the zoo vvill close?
2 WhatprobleΠ 、does the council need
tO solve?
3 VVhat、 へ /ould happen tO the anill■ als
l givil■ g us ll■ ore rnoney?
2 the council doesn/t have any lnore rnoney
for the zoo.
3 find a solution soon/then、 へ
″e′ 1l have to

if it closed? close it.

4 advertised the zoo ll■ ore?
￨■ nihalswillhavc nOwhcre l 5 Butifvve donrt have any lnoney
advertise.
ltogoifzooと 10sesi l 6 い石
ell′ try sponsorship. You know, ask a
company to support the zoo.
l SaySCityCou,cil l 7 Actuallv. a bad idea.
8
11工 ∬鷲鐵轟
right!
器亀
be

lT置 オ
r‐

5 Match the sentences in Exercise 4 with the cor.rect section

1躙磁:驚 お1慮 職11:驚

Ю
r響
in the box.

鍬鯖忠腎I∬ 驚Ⅲ I
￨

1窟 瑞 辮 恵

Real life finding a solution

3餞 2.37 Listen to a conversation beれ veen
the leader ofthe city council and the zoo/s
lnanage■ Are the sentences true(T)Or
false(F)?
l lfthe zoo doesn/t receive llnore lnoneシ
it will close.
2 Lots of people visit the zoo.
3 The zoo manager thinks the zoo helps
to save animals from extinction.
The zoo manager likes the suggestion
about advertising.
The zoo manager likes the suggestion
about sponsorship.
6 Work in groups of four. Imagine you all work for the zoo
and want to save it. Roleplay a conversation and discuss
your suggestions.
Student A: You are the zoo manager and will lead the
meeting. At the end of the discussion, choose the three best
suggestions. Turn to page 154.
Student B: Turn to page 155.
Student C: Turn to page 154.
Student D: Turn to page 155.

軋 祗 囃 慮 鯰 は PROMOWNG YOUR REG10N PLANNING FOR EVERY POSSl引 日TY PREDiC]NG YOUR COUNTRY′ S FUTURE
> 目い1明 い【翻 朝10鮨 J回 ゛ 靱 A PRESS RELEASE
`顎
writing a press release o writing skill using bullet points
12e Good news
Writing a press release
1 the manager ol a zoo has sent this press release to the
local and national newspapers. Read the press release
and answer the questions.
1 Mfhy is the new tiger important?
2 How will the zoo use the new sponsorship money
from the local company?
3 What special events are they planning?
Your local zoo is delighted to announce the arrival
of 'Tibor', a beautiful three-year-old Sumatran tiger.
Sumatran tigers are the smallest species of tiger and
there are only about 400 of them left in the world.
Tibor's mother was killed in the wild so the zoo is
proud to offer the young tiger a home as part of its
excellent animal conservation programme.
This wonderfr news a so romes as the
lnform you of a new sponsorslrip deal wrth a loca food
manufactwlng company Tlre sponsorship agreement means
the zoo can:
. advert se natronal y
o give a home to more an mals I ke Tlbor,
. iave longer openlng horrs n tie summer
During the summer, tie zoo ls also exc ted
about its speciai events
. ile r-
eve -l- . Co e r€. -S
. \,
. 'anima adventure days' for children
More events are also p anned We ook
forward to see ng everyone this summerl
2 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
1 What is the purpose of a press release?
2 Does it include general news, a special event or both?
3 Read the press release again. Notice how press
releases usually contain a lot of positive words or
phrases for gir..ing good news. Underline examples of
these kinds of words or phrases.
Example:
::,:i,a,:);a:,),: ii.,i:tlr,tirrrr,,
... ,',.aa:.:.a a::.:: ...
赳 絋 眩 祗 鰺 M PROMO]NG YOUR REG10N
日NDlNG A SOLUT10N 輻 ト ロ劇日:4壽 ぷ
Unit 12 Nature
4 Writing skill using bullet points
O Notice how the writer uses bullet points in the
press release. Read the information below and
tick (/) the correct information about bullets.
剛劃 リ
ｍ  ｔ
We use bullet points with:
ｈ     ｓ
ｔ
o the main information you w
reader to know about.
ｅ
ｎ
ｃ
.
ｅ
short, simple phrases or sen
paragraphs.
any extra or unnecessary informa
b Read part of a press release. Then rewrite the
press release using bullet points.
The council is dellghted to announce a new
sponsorship deal with a sports manufacturer
to build a stadium whrch can be used by the
footbali club and local schools lt also p ans
to use the area for a series of free outdoor
summe[ concerts and other cu tura] events, The
zoo s pleased to stadium wrll also rnclude restaurant fact tt es
for use at sporting and cultura events and for
private and corporate events,
Work in pairs. Write another press release for
the zoo using this information. Include one
more item of news about the zoo.
The zoo has raised S5,000 f rom v sitors and
local companies to open a new area for two
baby elephants it s also opening a new cafe
with a shop selling zoo souvenlrs (for example,
T-shirts, hats)
6 Exchange your press reiease n ith another
pair. Read their press release and use these
questions to check their press release.
. Does the press release include words and
expressions for giving good news?
. Does it use bullet points effectively?
PLANN:NG FOR EVERY POSSIЫ JTY PREDIC]NG YOUR COUNTRY′ S FUTURE
:4硼 目■ヽ 瑠
・
■蛉
儡と五
五も6aiaAnimalReScue

lTP
￨.■

Unfortunately, there is one

thing many of these animals
have in common ...

1501
 Unit 12 Nature

Before you watch 5 Complete the extract about poaching. Use words
from the below to help you. Then watch the
穐 YOu are g9ing to watch a video about an anill■ al second part of the video (02.09 to the end) and
rescue centre in Cambodiaル 燃ork in pairs Look at check your answers.
the photos and discuss the questions.
can make a lot of moneyby selling a
1 ヤVhat kinds of anilnals can you see in the tiger's body parts 2
In some Asian
photo? countries, certain parts of the tiger are ground
2 WhatdOthey/have in cOlnlllon′ ? into 3 . . This is processed and sold as an
3 How dO yOu think the rescue centre helPs expensive tradifional .People think that
tl■ em? taking the product wilI5 their health.

判 烙 o yoM亀 顧at嘱 鶉
i‡
After you watch
﹁  ・

量 ャvatch the video and check your answers ll・ om

﹂

Exercise l
6 Roleplay talking about a plan
Work in pairs.
9 「atch the videO again.Put the anilnals in the
ンヽ
order you first see then1 0n the video. Student A: You want to go and work at the
Animal Rescue Centre in Cambodia. Look at the
a scorplons
information below and make notes.
b atiger
ヽ ￨
c an elephant r You plan to go for a year.
d crested eagles e You want to find out more about poaching in
e abear Cambodia.
f crOcOdiles o You want to help the animals at the rescue
g monkeys centre because you love animals.
/ h a gibbon r You have a particular interest in tigers and
/ know they help a lot of these animals.
ratch the irst part Of the video(t002.09)and
轟 ル、
answer the questions. Student B: A friend of yours wants to go and work
at the Animal Rescue Centre in Cambodia. Ask
l What dO the letters NIU stand for?

ヅ
questions to find out why he/she wants to go and
what he/she plans to do there.
2 予Vhat,dOesthe MU dO?

ミ 3 Doesthe government of CambOdia suPPOrtthe

Act out the conversation. Then change roles
and repeat the conversation. For the second
work Oftl■ eMU? conversation, Student B should choose a different
＼
animal and reasons.
4 予Vhat dOes the2ヽ merican group VVild 24id dO?
7 According to the narrator, what is 'the bigger
5 ルVhere did the little gibbon live befOre the problem'? Why is it still a problem?
rescue centre?
8 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
6 VVhich Organisation sPOnsOrs Milni? 1 How do you feel when you see the animals in
the video?
7 予Vhy did the fan■ ily take Mirl■ ito the 2 Does animal poaching exist in your country?
rescue centre? V\4-rat animals do poachers catch? Why?
3 \z\4rat can we do to protect animals from
poaching?
release (v) /rr'lirs/ set free
rescue (v) /'reskju:/ take someone or something out of a
dangerous situation
iponsor {v) l'sponsa/ support an organisation by giving them
money and help such as training, etc., often in return for
publicity
support (v) /su'prrtl help
survive (v) /sg'varvl continue to live afier an accident or
dangerous event
victim (n) I'vrktrm/ a person or thing that has been affected by
a dangerous event
the wild (n) /warld/ the natural environment
 UNIT 12 REVIE￢ Ⅳ
瞼晰 栃 躙 輪
『 5 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. What does it
show? How do you think the photographer took it?
璃 cOmplete the sentences witll tl■ ese pairs of words.

anyone+anyvvhere everyone+anythin9
nobody+everybody novvhere+everyvvhere
someone+someⅥ ノhere Something+nothing

l is as beautiful as this part Of the cOuntry.

you look there are trees and Plants
2 told llle there′ s a snake in the
grass so be careful.
3 Has seen Michelle?I can′ tlind her

4 is hungry. Is there in the fridge?

5 I left a message but called me back. Is
on holiday?
6 1′ d like special to eat but on the
menu looks very interesting.

Complete the second conditional sentences with

the correct form of the verbs.
1 If it was hotter, we (go) to the beach.
I CAN
2 The grass would be much greener if it
(rain). talk about animals and nature
3 Hurricanes would be more common if you
(lir.e) in the southern USA. Real Iife
4 We (not / need) air conditioning if we
moved north to a colder climate. 5 Match the two halves of the sentences.
5 They wouldn't eat my cooking if they 1 What about
(not / like)it! 2 Why don't we
3 Complete these sentences for you. Then compare
3 We won't get any visitors if we
your sentences with a partner. 4 The problem is that
5 If we don't advertise, we
1 If I had a million dollars, I'd ...
2 If I could visit anywhere in the world, a we don't advertise.
I'd go to ... b advertising the zoo?
3 If I lived in another country, I'd live in ... c advertise the zoo?
d don't advertise.
I CAN e won't get any visitors.
talk about unreal and imagined situations
7 Work in pairs. Discuss these problems and make
suggestions to solve the problems.
Vocabulany . unemployment in your country
4 Match these words with the correct groups. . too much traffic on the roads
e cities are grolving so there is less countryside
in the sky mammals plants reptiles for animals and nature
types of storms
I CAN

1 tree, grass, flower discuss problems and make suggestions for solving
2 cow, horse, human them
3 dust, ice, snow
4 snake, turtle, crocodile 5 peaki ng
5 lightning, rain, sun
8 Imagine you are the leader of your country. Write
down three changes you would make.
lf 1 u:ns the leader af mt1 cowtry, ]'Ll . ..

9 Make a short speech to your class about your

plans for change. Can you convince the class that
you would make a great leader?

￨
 Comm un ication activities

UwIT 5a Exercise 10, page 59 t,NlT 9d Exer.cise 5, page 112

Student A Student A
Ask the caller about his/her views on recycling and You work for a job recruitment agency which helps
what we need to do about the problem. It's your job people find a new job. Describe the process to
to ask extra questions and argue with the caller about someone who is looking for a new job.
his/her views. Before you begin, prepare some of
your questions for the caller. You can use some of the
. fill in an application form
questions and ideas from the audioscript on page 171.
o attend an interview with the recruitment agency
o match your skills to different jobs
. choose possible jobs
UNIT 5d Exercise 6, page 64 . contact employers
Student A
o start new jobl
Conversation 1
You ordered some clothes online. You received an UNIT 9e Exercise 3b, page l13
email from the company. The clothes are not in stock. 1 DOB = date of birth
′盤

Telephone the customer service helpline. No. = number

. Say why you are calling. e.B. = for example
. Your order number is EI3304A. etc. = et cetera
」 . Spell your surname. Mr = used before the name of any man
o Find out how long you have to wait for the Mrs = used before the name of a married woman
clothes. Ms = used before the name of a woman and we
. Ask for a refund. The price was 9149.50. don't know if she is married or single
Dr = Doctor
Conversation 2 Prof = Professor
You are a customer service assistant for a book BA = Bachelor of Arts
supplier. Answer the telephone. BSc = Bachelor of Science
o Ask for the customer's order number and the title MBA = Master of Business Administration
of the book. PhD = Doctor of philosophy (a qualification given
. The book isn't in stock. You don't know when the when you become a doctor on your subject, not
book will arrive. necessarily philosophy)
. Offer the caller a second-hand copy of the same J Form B: It says'For office use only' at the bottom.

book. It's €3.50. 4 Form B: It says 'Please use capital letters' at

the top.

Ul\llT 8a Exercise 1, page 94

Braille Electric light bulb Microwave oven Post-it note Telescope

A way for blind Invented by Thomas An oven which A piece of paper It solved the
people to read by Edison in the cooks food much which can be stuck problem of looking
touching a series nineteenth century faster than anywhere and at objects a long
of dots on paper to provide brighter traditional ovens reused. lt solved the distance away, for
(invented in 1825 light for long by using microwave problem of losing example, at objects
by Louis Braille). periods of time radiation. your notes! in space.
using electricity.
Communication activities

UNl丁 5a Exercise 10′ page 59 3 You are the person at tourist information. Answer
the tourist's questions about this tour.
Student B
Speak to the radio presenter.Explain your views
about recycling and、 へ
″hatwve need to do aboutthe
problem in the future.Before you begin′ prepare some
of your comlll■ ents
and opinions.You can use some
ofthe expressions and ideas from the audioscript on
page 171.

UNIT 9d Exercise 5′ page 1 12

Student B
You are looking for a job with a recruitment agency. Information for visitors
Ask about the process of finding a job. Underground: Metro A line
Bus:114,118
Examples:
Parking is available 1 kilometre from the entrance"
Opening times: 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. and 2 to 5 p.m. every
day except Wednesday
Tickets: Aduhs: 8 euros Children: 5 euros

UNIT 10d Exercise 7, page 124 Time;40 minutes

Student A Note to visitors

IThヽ ltol1lhν OI101● lot101AA/コ ●￨101BI101tlll111`ё OII1011
1 You are the tourist. You want to ask about the
missing information (1-3) and check some
information (4) in this tour. Prepare indirect
questions using these words. SNIT¶ ⊇d ttxcrttise tty pttse蝿 4懲
1 I'd like to know how old ... Student A
2 I was wondering how often ... You are the z00 rnanager and vvilllead the rneeting.
3 Do you know when ... Here areれ vo possible suggestions You can also rnake
4 Can you tell me if ... more suggestions.
O Ask companies to sponsOr different anill■ als and
they put their name near the anilnal.

来な■予
O Hold an open day vvhere everyonein the city can
visit the zoo for free to learn more about their zoo

When you are ready to begin the meeting′ state

藤惧

and exPlain the probleln and then discuss each

suggestion.Start your rneeting by saying:Hellθ /
■■ θ″θ′ ルα たノθタル r θ θ7JZブ 4g昴 ″′ノ″θ′″ ′ 71g′ θ
`υ `ツ
ギ ′′sθ 夕
"グ “ rθ b7`717,sナ ll′ ′…
ssォ 17`zθ θ rh`μ
`gθ

萎
History_ ∪NIT爾 2d Ex@rcise Cr page 148
The Caves of Lascaux ur" ,
tf* Oordog* ,.gron of
France. The paintings on the cave walls are over
Student C
years old. Here are tvvo possible suggestions You can also lllake
(1)
more suggestions.
Tour information
O Start a z00 shopャ vhich sells T― shirts/POSters/hats/
Bus: The tour bus leaves your hotel (2)
etc.
Departure time: (3) a.m. to 5 p.m
O Invite newvspaper and TV journalists to a special
Tour price:100 euros(inCludes a‖ entrance fees and
unch)Each tourisl mた ed to 30 vstors only
day vvhere you exPlain the importance ofthe zoo
and its cOnservation work.
On some tours′ there is also a visit to a beautifullocal
town Check wth yourtour guide for detalls(4)

2 Nolへ F ask yOur questions aboutthe tOur Ofthe

Caves of Lascaux and complete the lnissing
informatiOn
 Communication activities

UNIT 5d Exercise 6, page 64 2 You are the person at tourist ir-rformation. Answer
I
your partner's questions about this tour.
Student B
Conversation 1
You are a customer service assistant for a clothing
company supplier. Answer the telephone.
. Ask for the customer's order number and his/her
surname.
. The clothes aren't in stock but they will be in two
weeks.
. Offer some different clothes at the same price.
Conversation 2
You ordered a book online called Learn Spanish in History
One Week. You received an email from the company. The Caves of Lascaux are in the Dordoqne region of
The book is not in stock. Telephone the customer France. The paintings on the cave walls are over 17,000
service helpline. years old.

. Say why you are calling. Tour information

o Your order number is AZE880. Bus: The tour bus leaves your hotel every day.
. Find out how long you have to wait for the book. Departure time: 9 a.m, to 5 p.m.
. Ask for the price of the second-hand copy. Tour price: 100 euros (includes all entrance fees and
. Buy the second-hand book. lunch). Each tour is limited to 3O visitors only.

On some tours, there is also a visit to a beautiful local

UNIT 10d Exercise 7, page 124 town.

Student B
3 Now you are the tourist. Ask your questions about
1 You are the tourist. You want to ask about the the Catacombs of Rome in Exercise 1 and complete
missing information (1-3) and check some the missing information.
information (4) in this tour. Prepare indirect
questions using these words.
UNIT 12d Exercise 6, page 148
7 I'd like to know which . ..
2 I was'wondering which duy ... Student B
3 Do you know how much ... Here are two possible suggestions. You can also make
4 Can you tellme if .
more suggestions.
e Offer special tickets with discounts such as a
'family ticket'or cheaper prices for children.
. Ask people to buy an animal but it lives at the zoo.

UNIT 12d Exercise 6, page 148

Student D
Here are two possible suggestions. You can also make
more suggestions.
o Contact other zoos and exchange animals so
Information for visitors people will come back to look at different animals.
Underground: Metro A line o F{ave a parade with costumes and food through
Bus: (1) the city centre with some of the animals.
Parking is available 1 kilometre from the entrance.
Opening times: 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. and 2 to 5 p.m. every
day except (2) . ..... .

Tickets: Aduits: (3) Children: 5 euros

Time:40 minutes
Note to visitors
This tour involves a lot of walking. Basic fitness is required.
(4) Check with your tour guide for details.
 Grammar summary

UNIT l Use
We use the present continuous to talk about:
Present simple and adverbs of . things happening now. He's watching the news on
frequency TV at the moment.
Form . things happening around now, but not necessarily
at the moment. Viclcy's traoelling to seoeral African

1貯
countries this year.
r
夢Ψ
l/you/we/they current trends and changingsTfi:ations.Fewer
work 1,■ 1侶 peoplearebuying cars this year.
he/she/it works he/she/it doesn't does he/she/it
work work? We don't usually use stative verbs (be, haae,like,looe,
hate, want) in the present continuous.
Use Notes
We use the present simple to talk about: Notice the spelling rules for the -lng form:
. habits and routines.l eat an apple eaery day. r for most verbs, add -ing (walk * walking,
. things that are always fiue. Lions eat meat. play - playing, read - reading).
We often use adverbs of frequency (alwnys, usually, o for verbs ending in a consonant + vowel +
often, sometimes, rarely, neaer) and expressions of consonant, double the last letter of the verb
frequency (once a week, on Fridays, at the weekend, in the and add -ing (sit - sittin1, run + running).
sltmmery eaery Saturday) with the present simple to talk o for verbs endingir:. -e, delete the final e and add
about how often we do something. -ing (make - makinS, write - writing).

Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb Practice

or after the verb to be. 2 Complete the sentences. IJse the present
I sometimes watch football on TV. continuous and present simple form of the verbs.
I am always rsery happy.

Expressions of frequency usually go at the beginning

esok not cycle do go play prepare

or end of a sentence.
At the weekend they aisit their grandparents.
1 Carl usuaily |y:lllrr on Wednesday.

They aisit their grandparents at the ueekend.

2 The boys often hiking in the
holidays.
Practice 3 David tennis at the
1 Complete the sentences with the present simple moment?
￨ form of the verbs and the adverbs / expressions of 4 She to work today - it's raining.
￨￨

frequency. 5 Please wait. The pharmacist the

medicine.
￨

1 I lpq.L.k (walk) into town every Saturday. 6 We always gardening at the

2 Emily (ride / often) her bike to work weekend.
in summer.
3 When he (be / usually) at
UNIT 2
home?
4I (not be / often) in the office on Verb + -ing forrns
Mondays. Form
5 He (do / never) exercise at the
We add -ing to the main verb. The spelling rules are
weekend.
the same as for the present continuous.
6 the doctor (work / every
weekend)?

Present continuous
Form
We form the present continuous with the present
紺 瀞
simple of the verb to be plus the -ing form of the verb. Use
We use the verb + -ing form:
o as the subject of the sentence. The -ing forrnis
often a noun. Eating a lot of fruit is important.
鮮 . after verbs such as like, loae, enjoy, prefer, don't
like, hate, can't stand, (not) mind as an object . I loae
:mey γe wasⅢ nし zaalking in the mountnins.
. after a preposition. l'm aery good at playing tennis.
 Grammar summary

Practice 4 1 (not like / compete) in this

1 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of these competition everv l,r,eek!
verbs. 5 yorr (like / sit) here,
sir?
IⅢ ■ヽ n■ IⅢⅢ ⅢI… 6 Io / travel) round the
(not like
鮮 world next year.
7 My father (Iike / cook) lunch for
l I′ nllistening to a radio progranune about all the family every Sunday.
Ψσ電 . :′ 8 She (like / watch) the match with
2 Doyoue可 oy spOrt on TV? us next week.
3 at home all day is boring!
4 ン
ヽb don′ t like tl■ is f00tball stadium. Modal verbs for rules
5 Jellny iS Very good at sports reports. Form
6 fOr new f00tball boots is al■ vays
l/you/heishe/itlwe/ l/you/he/she/it/
difficult. wear
they must we/they can play
7 He hates to matches v7hen his team goggles. here.
loses. l/you/he/sheiitiwe/ l/you/he/she/iV l/you/he/she/it/we/
8 a lot before a game is bad fOr you. they mustn't we/they can't (= they don't have to

like + -ing I ′d Flike fo (= must not) wear

goggles.
cannot) play here. hit the ball.

Form
like + -ing Notes
There are two important difference s betw een must
and can and regular verbs in the present simple:
. There is no third person -s with modal verbs.
She must go. I can stay.
e There is no auxiliary do with modal verbs.
I mustn't lose. He can't play.
Haae to is a regular verb. I haoe to go. He has to help.
I don't hazte to play. She doesn't haae to compete.
υ rike t。 (=vyOurd rike t。 )
Use
We use different modal verbs to talk about rules.
Would l/you/he/ . When something is necessary and an obligation,

鵬
she/iVwe/they we use must, harse to and mustn't. You must behome
like to go there
at eleaen o'clock. You hazte to finish your homework
tomorrow?
tonight. He mustn't leave the house.
Use . When something is allowed according to the rules,
we use cnn. yes, you can go to the cinema on Friday.
Iike + -ing . When something is not necessary (but allowed),
We use like + -ing to talk about a general feeling which
we use don't hatse to.You don't haae to zuear a suit at
is true now.
the meeting.
Richard likes skiing a lot.
Ella doesn't like listening to rap music.
e When something is not allowed, we use mustn't
arrd cnn't. She mustn't tell anybody. He can't play
'd like to (= tlysul6 like to) football tomorrow.
We use 'd like to to talk about a future ambition.
l'd like to oisit Kenya next year. Practice
She wouldn't like to work in an office when she leaaes 3 put the words in the correct order.
school.
1 get up he must tomorrow early
Practice He m.uat.get up eq.rly lqmerywq . .. .

2 Complete the sentences with like + -ing or 'dlike to

2 competition finish at must ten o'clock the
and the verbs.
3 send my have today application I to
1 Andy !jk"e.p playi.ng _ flike / play) football
every Saturday. 4 tomorrowv to don′ t tl■ ey have to go vork
、
2 Thebovs (like / learn) how to
swim next year. 5 argue referee teaIIn vith thc the can′
■ t
3 Mike (like / drive)
his new car?
Grammar summary

6 five o'clock to game have doesn't finish pFttctice

at the 罐vvrite sentences Use tl■ e comparative(C)and
superlative(S)fOrms
for' wear Tim can clothes casual the game
l lndia/Norway/hot(C)
8 sports kit they forget their --"tt";t- ■
`￨￨●
II● :1■
=:″ 「
ヽ■■￨:″
2 cars/bikes/dangerOus(C)

3 James/friendly/persOn/in Our class(S)

UNIT 3
Comparatives and superiatives Helena / good athlete / in the country (S)
Form
;h;;i;h; / iG;;; / i;;iic)
6 Naomi/happy/person/in the Ollice(S)
new newer newest
hot hotter hottest 7 sk五ng/exciting sPort/in the wOrld(S)
nlce nlcer nicest
easy easler easiest 8 sports cars/fanlily cars/difficult tO drive(C)
interestin9 more interestin9 most interesting

麟∫ .申 勝S
:goOd better best
Form
:bad wOrse worst

We add -er lo regular short adjectives to form An elephant is as A bus isn't (is not) Is a horse as strong
the comparative and we add -est to regular short heavy as a car. as comfortable as as an elephant?
adjectives to form the superlative: a car.
nezo+neu)er - nez}est
We addmore andmost to form the comparative and Use
superlative forms with longer adjectives: Wヽ 石
e use′s tt adieCtiVe+′ s to compare two things and
interesting + more interesting * most interesting say they are the same or equal
Rο bb′ αs′ ′II αs llノ s bγ θ′
ll`た
Notice the spelling rules for comparative and `is
superlative adjectives: WVe use 17θ ′r7S+adieCtiVe+′ s to compare two things
o for regular short adjectives, add -er / -est: and say they are different Or not equal
long-longer-longest Pll17:′ s77ο ′′sθ :θ υθ
γαsノ47771r7.
o for adjectives ending in -e, add -r / -st: 灯
『 a《 tice
large-larger*largest
o l vヽ「rite cOmparative sentences and questions using
for adjectives ending in -y (after a consonant),
′S.… ′S(十 )and(llθ ′ s.… ′S(― ).
change the -y to -i: happy - happier - happiest
r for adjectives ending in consonant-vowel- l Rosa/old/Maria(十
'′
)

consonant, double the final consonant: ●■

11,「 I FI1 1'11■ 1● ■●:「
big - 5;ffr, - biggest; hot * hotter - hottest 2 Alaska/cOld/Canada(+)
We use thsn after a comparative adjective.
My bicycle is newer than yours. 3 cars/cheap/bicycles(― )

We usually use the before a superlative adjective. horse riding / healthy / running (?)
It's the quickest way to get to the station.
We use much to add emphasis to a comparative buses / quiet / trams (-)
adjective.
Petrol cars are much more expensioe than electric cars. 6 books / exciting / films (?)

Use ;;;;/;i;u" / u"

"r".i.il;;;i;,
We use comparative adjectives to compare two things.
Cars are faster than buses. Russia / }l.ot / Brazll (?)

We use superlative adjectives to compare three or

more things.
Blues whales are the biggest animals in the world.
 Grammar summary

I
UNIT 4 4 When / Keruy / travel / the USA? ,.urr;;"
Past sirllple
USA / last year
・
Form 5 7Vhere/you/find/it? find/it/in south
A■ ica

6 When / they / live / Canada? live / Canada

1/you/he/ Did 1/you/he/she/it/we/ in 2010

鵬
she/it/we/ they vvalk an day?
they didn′ t
walk a‖ day Past continuous
Form
l/you/he/she/iV 1/you/he/she/it/ Did 1/yoむ /he/sheЛ t/we/ We form the past continuous with the past simple of
we/they said we/they didn't they say? the verb to be plus tlne -ing form of the verb.
say

: 1/he/She/it/ 1/he/she/it/wasn't VVas 1/he/she/

1/yOu/he/sheAt/
Yes′
:WaS WOrttng wor撼 ng iast week it/worttng last
we/they did :laSt week week?
1/you/he/shettt/we/
No′
:You/weAhey You/weAhey weren′ t Were you/vve/
they didnit
:Were WOrking working iast week they working
i last week last week?
We add -ed to regular verbs to form the past simple:
u;ork - -
workeil, walk walked, plqy - played.
Use
Notice the spelling rules for other regular verbs: We use the past cOntinuous to:
o for verbs endingin -e, we add -d: die - died O describe actiOns and situations in progress at a
o for verbs endingin -!, we change the -y to i and particular tillle in the past.P′ ″′ωαs zυ α 77`rrg Ty

add -ed: try - tried, crA - crieil, study - studied ノτ υαS/θ α″′
IXr7ナ rrg 17 bθ θ lt/
`θ

r for verbs ending in vowel + consonant (not -w, -x ・ talk aboutthe backgrOund tO a stOry T77`Sι ′
77 7υ αS
ot -y), we double the consonant: stop - stopped sIIグ ″グrl.・ ′17′ チ
17`b′ /17s τυθrθ s′ I16・ ′
4g.

Some verbs have an irregular affirmative form in the We often use the past continuous、 へ
Fith the past silllple
past simple: to talk aboutt■ vo actions that happened atthe same
be- was / weqe, do - did, go + roent, drioe - drozte, time in the past.ル ヽ石
e canioin the tenses with the words
know - knew, take - took υ力 or υ力′
:θ

We use the auxiliary verb did / didn't to form negatives

`″
T17η ′
′ηα
s υ′′
ナ′
″g′ ′′
力θ′
ナノ
θ″τ
υ力θ
″力θだ げ′
力 s′ s′
`
θ:'777b′ れg′ 777r7γ γ ′υ .フ t竹 ′ :θ ′
lzθ ′
θ′71z τ
t,`′ で[′ 力7gチ οチ
カθ
and questions. `′ `″ `77た
チγ′ ll′ θ771`θ ナ ′ll`171
Kirsten didn't go on the adoenture.
RemembeL
'71/S17`r′we don′ t usually use stative verbs(eg.ι θ
Did you liae in Peru? /

11た θ′bθ :プ′′llll″ ′JI″ )in the cOntinuous form

`υ `/s′
We also use did / didn't to form short answers.
Did you liae in Peru? Yes,l did. 駿《もice
辟艦
Did Krsten go on the adaenture? No, she didn't. 2 cOmplete the sentences、 へ
″ith the past silnple or the
past continuous forln of the verbs.
Use
We use the past simple to talk about completed l IO I=lil ll■
=:i= (drive)and Katya
actions and events in the past. We often use a time l■ 11t,￨111, (read)the map.
phrase (yesterdny,last week, ten years ago) wlth the past 2 She (sleep)When a nOise
simple. (Wake)her up.
I oisited Paris in lanuary. 3 The team leader (shout) and the
They didn't see his new film last night.
wind (blow)
4 \A/hile the bovs (make) afire,it
Practice (start) to rain.
1 Write questions and answers using the past 5 Liz (cook) supper and the others
simple. (talk) about the expedition.
1 6 they
As (walk) in the mountains,
\Atrhere / he / go? go / Spain weather
the (get) worse.
.......Where did h.e_..g.o? Hg wenl l.q Spqln,
2 7 The rescue team . ... (arrive) while we
Where / she / live? live / Rome
(decide) where to go.
- 8 7Ⅵ hile I (swim),I
3 wh;f l ;n"y / Jri-J,i"" I N"'*,u,y (see) a group of dolphins.

159
 Grammar summary

UNIT 5 Uncountab:e nouns

WMe use sθ /11`′ α′
げand α チ
:θ 7′ attrmat市 e
Countable and uncountable nouns sentences. `7`il■

Form and use I′ υ ′sο ′ θω′′

7π

`gθ
Some nouns are countable. These are nouns you can T77%′ ιP′ α:θ サ``
υ げルθグ
・
count and they have both a singular and a plural T力 θ
″′sα J′ ″Jι z′ 7た .

form. We use them with an indefinite article (n/an) Vヽb use α4ン or Zttθ 力in negative sentences or
and numbers. questions.
There is a bag on the table. I力 α
υ ′
チgθ サα4ノ ′
There are two bags on the table. `れ
づbrf/7α ′
′θ
κ .

′
T77ι rιS4竹 ,7τ zε rr breα グ ,

Some nouns are uncountable. These are nouns you Hαυ θ夕gθ ′α4ソ γ ttbbjSll?

cannot count. They are singular and have no plural Hoω`ン

77π zε 」
77〃 ′ ′ カ ?
`r'sオ `rθ
form. We use them with the definite article or no チ
article. You cannot use them with a/an or numbers:
Note:α 7θ
げ=:θ ′
Sげ (there iS nO difference in meaning
or use)
waler (ffi-as), rubbish (Mffites).
We drinkwater eat euery day. Practice
The water is in the jug. l ch00se the correct option.

Quantifiers l There′ s α4ノ /QOpollutionhthe rive■

2 Thereisn′ t J711t/θ 力//11α 4ノ f00d On the table.
Form
3 Arethere/17夕 θ 力/α 4ン PlaStiC bags in the park?
4 1′ ve gotα 7θ ′げ/タ ルツdrinkhg wate■
5 Howα κノ/π ク4ン recyClhg bins are tl■ ere here?
6 Doyoutl■ row away zα ノ//ff夕 θ 力plastic?
l've got some I haven't got any
7 He recycles177夕 θ 力/α ′ “ rubbish.
′
books. books.
7′ Jθ

There are a lot There aren't many

8 How解 夕θ 力/177α 4ノ air pollutiOn is there?
of books. books.
Definite article(1カ e)Or nO article
Forrn and use
use tl■ e definite article(チ カι
Wヽ b ):
● 、vith somethill■ g or someone you inentioned
before.助 υιチ カリ ′θれι′S夕 γυッ ?確 S/T77η ′4,S力 θ
″
θszηθ ノ :α S′ θた .

There is a lot of There isn't much How much water O wvhen

`力 itis Part"θ
ofthe name ofsomething.Trtθ UsA
water. water. have you got? /θ
γ
θグクθ αr″ θθ I′ :α η
They've got a O with superlative
`′ phrases.Cθ
`s.
'77′ 17s夕 77J`rs s″ チ
カιZθ s′
little water. `4グ
Zθ ηηθ
れ θ
ナ印/riθ ι
7夕 ″7/7`″・
`7ι
いb use no article:
Use
● 予 vith most cOuntries.H37′ υι
s′ κC,4α グタαηグII′ υ 17
We use quantifiers with countable and uncountable `′
S′ ′Z77.
nouns to talk about quantity. ● to talk about people and things in a general way
Countable nouns Pι θ
βJθ α θ θ
ノθI`Zθ r夕 bb's力 .

We use some, a lot of and a few tn affirmative sentences. “ `7'4g′

O with certain expressions.I′
“ “
θ
れ竹 r7f αナ″gカ サ
・
"θ
I'ae got some neuJspapers.
Practice
We'ae got a lot of bottles.
There are a cans. 2 ch00se the correct optiono Chooseの for no article.
few
We use any or many innegative sentences or l There/s a black dogin my garden.It′ s〔 D/●
questions. dog from next doorl
I haaen't got any books. 2 1-Iave you visited any recycling plants in′ 力θ/●
There aren't many boxes. Germany?
Haoeyougot anybagsT 3 He′ sチ lfθ /2)greenest persOn l know、 こ
How many photos did you take? 4 There■∼ rere`力 ι/乏 クchildren ever)∼ Vhere at the
fest市 al.
5 7Vhattilne do you go toチ カ ι/の wvork?
6 1′ In going to a lneeting aboutthe environment
inチ カ
`/O Netherlands.
7 Heisstayingin London on′ 力ι/乏クbusiness.
8 How lnuch didチ カθ/● computer cost?

160
 Grammar summary

UNIT 6 Future forms: going to, willand present

Verb patterns with fo + infinitive continuous
Form Form
We use fo + infinitive after several structures. The 1 90′ng t0
form of the verb is alwavs the same.
They intend/plan to go to South America. 11′
m/yOu′ re/het/ I'm not / you arcn't I Aml/areyou/is
It's difficult to learn Chinese. she's/it's/we're/ he isn't / she isn't / he/isshe/isit/
they're going it isn't / we aren't / are we / are they
She worked hard to buy a new car.
to come to the they aren't going to going to come to
party. come to the party. the party?
Use
l verb+lo+infinitive 2 ッ
ソ′′
′
After certain verbs,ve use the′ θtt infinitive form
of anOther verb.This is Often to talk about hOpes′
intentions and decisions. l/you/he/she/itl llyoulhe/shelitlwe/ Willt/you/he/she/
Hcグ ′ グ ナ οs`θ ′ γ た。 we/they'll (will) they won't (will not) it/we/they go
S力
`θ `グ
eι グナ
"θ
οf7α υ Ю夕77′ チ
カθ r:グ
go home later. go home later. home later?
`習
.

"θ `″
Conlmon verbs which are fol10wed by the rθ 十
infhitive forln are:'4′ θ
′ Present continuous
ll″ ′ :α κ
′ ノυα4ナ /77θ ′ グJ'7fP/
グθ
θ′′ら 慇 物Sθ ′′η/7riS`・ `′ For the present continuous form see page L56.
`/rり
Wヽ b don/t “
useチ οtt infinitive a■ er modal verbs.
′ Use
577`θ ακ′′Jα 1/′ θJ7れ た。フ
｀セッ,7:s,α ノカι
r`・
1 going to
2 adiectiVe+lo+infinltive We use going to + infinitive to talk about a plan or a
1/fe useチ θ+infinitive after certain adieCtiVes′ often future intention.
to express a feelil■ g about sOmethil■ g. I'm going to make a costume.
Iチ 色ル4′θ′Jα 7 απzs′ θ
″効Sfr夕 ι
κ′ . She isn't going to take part in the celebrations.
I角 ′4′ ε
夕 わ υ
θ
:′θη ∫ リ
5θ αグ
J′“ .

will('lD
3 infinitive of purpose We use will to talk about a decision which is made
1/Ve can use`θ tt infinitive to exPlain the purpose during the conversation.
ofthe main verb or an action(=in Order to do Tim: Oh no! There isn't any sugar left.
somethinω . Sue: Don't worry. l'll buy some when I go into town.
九fα κο θυθ グチ
θNcω 10γ た,θ gο ′ θθθI1883.
“′ Present continuous for future
Tllθ ンフお ′ G″ θ
θθサ
θJ`α ″παbθ tr′ Aれ θ′θπ′G″ θ
ε
`グ `. We use the present continuous to talk about an
Practice arrangement with other people at a certain time in
l Putthe v70rdsin tl■ e correct orde■ the future.
I'm leaaing for the party at fiae o'clock.
l planning sumlner go diving to this we′ re We're mouinghouse next month.
νVc`雀 ′レィ″4g"ν ttiJ7g F17ぉ ,″ ″ We usually use the present continuous, not going to,
2 would like Australia EIIma and Pip“visit
`4 to with the verbs go and come.
l'm going to the parade later.
3 medicine get job she to studied good a He's coming to the festiaal with us.

pratttice
4 have pension to it′ s important a
般 chOOse the cOrrect option(a― C)
5 wants his mybrother leave job tO
1ぽ 威
6 isn/t tO your save it easy money
古
ぉ』
寵 filξ :撻 1:L:Ⅸ tyttngO
2 1′ ve decided tO dO an evening class.I Italian.
a am studying b alll going to study
7 pronlised email Brenda every to マveek
c 、ハ rill study
3 ´、
lex:I′ ve left my ll■ Oney at home.
8 fun holiday a it/s Plan to
ThOmas:Never lllind l the tickets.
a alll buying b an■ going to buy c ′ 1l buy
4 予Vhat next、 へeekend?
″
a are you doing b are you going to do
c 、
vill you do
石
5 1′ lll sO excited!ン ヽe fOr Athens in a vveek!
a areleaving b are going to leave
c vvillleave
 Grammar summary

6 Sam inLondonnextYear.
inLondonnextyear.
a 's working b 's going to work 1 Complete the text with these prepositions.
c '11 work
7 I don't know when it starts. I out now. along at in f ront next on opposite
a am finding b am going to find through up
c will find
8 to stay with you? Instructions for arrival
a Is he coming b Is he going to come \vVhenyou arrive ' q! the office, go
c Will he come the front door. Reception will be in
of you. A1l the meeting rooms are
the second floor. There isn't a lift, so go
UNIT 7
the stairs. Your meeting is u
Prepositions of place and movement room 306. Coffee will be on the table, 7 . ..

Form to the window. If you need the bathroom, walk

Prepositions of place the corridor - it's e. the
The printer is on the desk.
photocopier.
The meeting room is on the t'irst Jloor.
Present perfect simple
The office is next to the bank.
The meeting is at the conference centre. Form
We form the present perfect simple with the Present
Common prepositions of place are: simple of the verb to haae plus the past participle.

聯鸞ξ
講
i- ii i'q 憚
l___警 :___iF機 '?"' La.-t' l/you/weithey llyoulwel Have l/you/we/they found
in/inside on/on next to under in front behind have found they haven't the report?
top of of the report. found the
report.
He/she/it has He/she/it Has he/she/it found the
found the hasn't found report?
report. the report.
Opposite at between outside in the Yes, l/you/we/they have.

,..,.. _lp塀
0
corner
Yes, he/she/it has.
No, l/you/we/they haven't.
.O:
':.,"-

in the
j
e
on
:

the
--,,-,

on the
.C
貯
at the top
蜆at the
No, he/she/it hasn't.

We add -ed to regular verbs to form the past participle:

middle left (of) right (of) (Of) bottom utork - -
worked, walk walked, play - played.
(of) (Ofl
The spelling rules for other regular verbs are the same
Prepositions of movement as for the past simple tense (see page 159).
He walked up the stairs.
Claire went through the door.
Many verbs have irregular past participles:
buy - Ysr*4t, do - done, find found, see + seen,
'
The msn got into the taxi.
tnke - taken, teach - taught
Common prepositions of movement arel up, down, to,
The verb go has two past participle forms: been and
in, into, on, onto, ooer, under, across, along, round, aroLLnd,
gone
through.
I'ae been to work todav. (And now I'm back.)
Use He's gone to work today. (He isn't back yet.)
We use prepositions of place to describe where people
We use the auxiliary verb hnaeflms andhnaen't/hasn't to
and things are.
form negatives and questions.
\Nhere's the cffie? lt's in the cupboard.
I haoen't bought a farm.
Adrian is standing in front of the photocopier. this week?
Has she seen her colleague
We use prepositions of movement to talk about the
We also usehsae/has andhaaen't/hasn't to form short
direction someone or something moves. Prepositions answers.
of movement follow a verb of movement.
Hnoe you liaed in Canada? Yes, I haae.
Jnck drooe along the road.
The aisitors are going arounil the factory.
Common verbs of movement aret go, climb, come, run
andwalk.

162
 Grammar summary

(approach) me withoutた
(apprOach)me ar I13
without fear. 113 (take)
We use the present perfect simple to talk about: hundreds of phOtOs of mOthers/cubs and lnales lt
o an action that happened sometime in the past v√ as incredible and exciting′ but 114
but we don't know the exact tirne. l'ae worked in (neVer/be)SO SCaredl
seaeral banks in London.
r an action that started in the past and is still true UNIT 8
today. Amy has lioed in Paris since Christmas. (She
still lives in Paris.) Markhasn't found the watchhe 艤efitti嬢 9 relative喧 lau$es
losf. (The watch is still lost.) Form
\Mhen we use the present perfect simple we often do He is the man 7t・ リア 71υ θ
7rο 71た ″オ
カ s/1″ ン
(ォ llα ヽグθNeb Z′

This is the system υ ε

rr(′ 77α りI′ θ′
″`べ
not say when the action happened. 71′
ノο
夕′bθ 夕′ .

I'oe been to Rome. (We do not say when.) Thatis the place ω77′ ″ ″ θ夕γθ
θ717′ タチ
θrS・
`blry
We use the past simple to describe a finished action Use
at a definite time in the past. When we use the past ルヽ石
e use υ力θ(fOr peOple)/η 7`′ θ
力(fOr things)and υ力θ ″
sirnple, we often say when something happened. (fOr places)tO intrOduce deining relative clauses.
I went to Rome last year. These clauses give us essentialinformation abOut the
We often use the present perfect simple withfor and person′ place or thing we are talking about
since. We use for to talk about the duration of a present Tll`″ θrsθ ″η力θttsε θυθ″′′
み わ″ sク θ″ C″ ′ .

situation, for example , for 30 minutes, for two months. Tll`ル εナθッ η力′ ε力177′ たθ
`s」 "′ "′ “ ・
S f力 θ777α ε力′
″θ Iθ
ノS2θθ′ ノθ
`177′ `ο
My sister has lizted in London for six months. T17`θ 役鉾 Sr7′ ′
θ71 Zυ 力θγθ17`τ θθγ たs,sε ′Iた ″Noυ θチ ll.
"lノ `θ
We use since to show the starting point of a present
ルVe can use Fll′ ′for people or things instead of υllο or
situatiory for example, since 2.00 p.m., since Friday,
ε′7.ThiS is less fOrlnal
since 2011. "17′

My sister has liaed in London since September.

TIZθ
βθ
rsο ″f77α たε
θυ ′′ 17g sJ“ チ
わ4″ ′
sク θ C力 加′
TIZ`ル θ
′θッチ
カα′″′
`″ た `rθ
ル″′ ε 力効 ″″わyS 2θ“θ′ ル・
`sォ `θ `θ
Practice pFetttice
2 Complete the sentences with the present perfect
ⅧIOin the twO sentences vvith the correct relative
simple form of the verbs.
pronoun(υ 力θ′ τ
θ力θ rθ lc・ 7`′
)
"み
1 John hq6..lmown (know) his boss for about l He/sthe man.He invented a nev√ kind Of
four months.
bicycle.
2 My sister (work) for lots of
軍 ′〔三ゴ授″ 1コ 申li″「 ′
diffefent businesses.
lcIた r14ャ ご ￨:

s the`η
2 That′`11カ farm They are exPerilllenting、
"み へ Fith
3We (see) this training film three new croPs atthe farm
times before.
4 your father (visit) 3 Thereisthe wOman.She wOrksin inv father′ s
the factory in Madrid yet?
labOratory
5 She (not eat) Indian food before.
6 They (not be) in the office since
4 These are the lllachines.They use less energy
eight o'clock.
7 vou (copy)the 5 Thatisthe nuclear pov√ er station They had
report?
8 PrOblems at the power station last year
Bob and Louise (buy) a ne\v car.

3 Complete the text with the present perfect simple 6 Thisis the dOcumentary.I vFas v√ atching it last
or the past simple form of the verbs. v√ eek

I' .hS?ebep;n (be) a photographer for over 20 7 She′ s the dOctOr She saved llly fatherア s life
years, so I know what I'm doing. I2
(change) jobs ten times and I3 8 That′ s the factOry They developed the newv
(work) in about fifteen different countries so I lamps atthe factory
(often / live) abroad. My first job
.. . (be) as an assistant photographer
for amagazine. I6 (take) photos for ZeFo attd first cottditio醜 嬢 ￨

other people and I7 (develop) the Form

pictures. Then I 8 (start) working on a Zero conditional
project about polar bears. The team
チClauSe cァ /ツ ヽ
ウリ
θ″十preSent simple)/main clause
(spend) many months on the sea ice of the Arctic
(preSent simple)
and w、 re 10 (search) for the bears'
homes.Eventtlally we ll (filld) J/1Vみ θ
″ノθ
夕″r"θ υ
θ ″:S″ ο
ッル ′ ″″′ε
″ルチ
θο′sチ S′

′
17θ ′
c‐

vhere the bears lived.Some bears12

マ `
 Grammar summary

First conditional
fclause (lf / When + present simple), main clause
(witt)
If you drioe oery fast, it utill be more dfficult to stop. arelaren't taught in big classes.

We can use z/in two positions:

o l/-clause hrst lf you traoel abroad, you need a
passport. ■ uniform
Ⅲ
. Main clause first: You need a passport if you traael Are students 赫 …赫 轟
abroad.
When the fclause is at the beginning of the sentence,
Use
we use a comma to separate it from the main clause. We use the present simple passive when we want to
focus on an action or the object of the action, rather
Use than the person who is doing the action. The object of
Zero conditional the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive
We use the zero conditional to talk about facts or sentence.
things that are generally true. subject object
If you want to trsoel in the USA, you need a oisa. Active: Students take the exam in the summer.
'Nhen you cool water to zero degrees, it freezes. subject object
Passive: The exam is taken by studentsll■ the
\Mhen you talk about things that are generally true,
sullrme■
you can use if or when.Therc's no difference in
meaning. by+agent
ln an active sentence′ you kno、 v who did the action.
First conditional
7♭ αc力 ιrs tι αε力K夕 ηg Fッ :4フ παれノθ ″
θZれ サ:θ S・
We use the first conditional to talk about a possible
future situation. In a passive sentcnce′ we can say wh6 did the action
lf it rains tomorrou), we won't go to the mountains. (the agent)uSing″ .

Kttκ g F夕 θαc力 θrs'4 zα 4ノ θ

α夕g力 ′bン チ θ傷″″ ・
\zVhen you talk about situations in the future, there “
'sナ
is a difference between if andwhen. We use when + ツVb useり 十agent■trhen itisimportantto know who
present simple to talk about a certain future action. did the action.
When lack arioes,I'll askhim to help us. Kz4g Fッ
is`α 夕 θ材4′ rjι s
gカ ナ,4 zα 71y θ bty s′ αι
′ Jν
`ε
レα′ θαθ力θrs.
πι′サ
Practice
rays necessary to use by+agent.We don′
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of It isn′ t al、
∼
t

the verbs. usually use the agent wvhen itis obvious who has
done the action/1vhen w、 re don/t knowv the name ofthe
1 \A/hen a mosquito lands on your skin, it agent or vvhen itisn′ timportant or relevant.
.
tfie"p (try) to suck your blood. Uれ わ γ Z′ S"θ rη ′ナ′力θsθ 力θθJ Zヶ 曲霧 毎・
2 If a dog wags its tail, it (mean)that it Lzη θ力,s sθ η 鉤 グαノ“
α′1・ θθ .

is happy. `グ `υ `ツ

3 If the weather is good, we (eXp10re) Practice

the forest on Saturday. l Rewrite the sentences in the present sllnPle
4 If they find a cure for cancer, many people passive form.Use by+agentlげ here appropriate.
(live) much longer.
l They teach French atthat school.
5 \Mhen he comes home from an expedition, he
酔 お″懃 4″ ″β ねα l
(be) usually very Lired.
2 She does her homevvork on a computen
6 \A/hen O1iver gets here tomorrow, I “
`′

(not tell) him about my problems.

3 Tutors usually provide lecture notes宙 a the
7 Those fish (die) if you don't clean the
lnternet.
fish tank!
8 Peoole (become) dehydrated when
They keep old books in that part of the library.
they don't drink enough water.
Do you use laptops at your school?
UNIT 9
Present simple passive I by + agent rh; #;;;i; p;,,|;;i .;;;; ;;i;;i;i ;;;,,;
the course.
Form
We form the present simple passive with the present Their employers don't pay for the English
simple of the verb to be (am / is / are) + past participle. classes.

Students often complete course work online.

164

￨
 Grammar summary

Past sirnple passive

Form

胸 僻
We form the past simple passive with the past simple
of the verb to be (was / ruere) + past participle.

were/weren't ￨￨￨￨￨￨￨

Was
中 Note: In spoken English we often use'd (=had).Don't
Were spices ￨ト ス晶,‐ ‐
‐‐
￨￨￨ confuse the contracted forms of had andwould.
… l'd uorked in the hotel for fiue years. (= I had worked)
Use l'd like to work in that hotel. (= I would like to work)
VVe use the past simple passive、 へ
″hen we wvantto
Use
fOcus On a past action or the object ofthe past action′
rather than the person who did the actiOn.The object We use the past perfect simple to talk about an action
of tl■ e active sentence becomes the sutteCt Of tl■ e
in the past that happened before another action or
passive sentence.
before a certain time in the past.
SubirCt obieCt
I had oisited Rome twice before I went to Venice.
Active: Scribes wrOte lettcrs fOr the PharOahs. We often use the past perfect simple and the past
31lblCCt Object simple together.
Passive: LetteJfs ぃrere v√ ritten by scllibes fOr the
I had bought my ticket online before I atioed at the
PharOal lS. station.
We often use the following time expressions with
PFttcticё
the past perfect simple: already, just, before, preoiously,
曇 complete the text with the past silll■ ple passive
recently and eailier.
forΠ 1 0f the verbs
I had just bought my ticket when the trsin arriaed at the
station.
carve discover f計 、J leave make paint
record use 1/vorship Practice
1 Complete the sentences with the past simple or
There are cave paintings and cave art all over
past perfect simple form of the verbs.
Europe.Famous examplesl ■,11■ :111l in
Lascaux′ France andソ ヽltilllera′ in Spain lllany 1 ]ames . w?nt........ (go) to Spain after he
years ago.In 2003′ ne、 へ
′paintings 2 .. .h"gd _aipilgd (visit) portugal.
by researchers in Nottinghamshire′ nOrthern 2We (be) in Brighton for two weeks
England. The question is, why 3 they before Mark (arrive).
? There are many theories but many 3 They (cancel) their flights two
experts agree that early hunters and priests or days after they (book) them!
'shamen' gathered before a hunt to pray for good 4 I (not meet) any other travellers
luck. Animal gods or spirits a in the until I (get) to the mountains.
hope that the hunt would be successful. After the 5 they (travel) abroad
hunt, the events 5 in drawings or before they (visit) ltaly?
paintings. Natural dyes and colours 6 \Arhen I (arrive) at the hostel l
and paints 7 from substances such realised I (forget) my sleeping bag.
as blood, plants and earth. Often, animals I (not explore) the jungle before I
from wood or stone and sometimes (get) to Costa Rica.
these objects e next to the paintings, 8 They (check) into the same hotel
ヤVhatever the origins of the cave paintings′ people that they (stav) in previously.
are still amazed by their beauty and ll■ ystery
Subject and object questions
Form
UNIT 10
Past perfect simple
Form
We form the past perfect simple with the past simple
Who cancelled the ttight,

of the verb haae (had) + past participle. What happened tO Tim ‐

We do not use an auxiliary verb (do, does, did) with

subject questions.

165
Grammar summary

We use -ed adjectives to describe how a person feels

about something or someone.
does he like? They were amqzed by the quality of the photos.
did she visit? He was excited to see his friends.
We use an auxiliary verb (do, does, did) with object We use -ing adjectives to describe a place, Person or
questions. thing.
London is an exciting citY.
Use Digitnl cameras nre amazing inaentions.
In subject questions the question wotd (who, what,
-ed adjectives are often followed by dependent
which, whose, how much / many) is the subject of the
prepositions : amazed by, annoyed with, bored with,
verb. The word order is the same as in the affirmative
excited about, fascinated by, interested in, tired of,
sentence.
worried about.
Who cancelled flight? Paul cancelled the flight.
the
Dependent prepositions are followed by nouns or
In object questions the question word is not the
gerunds.
subject of the verb and the word order is not the same
They were worried about the flight.
as in the affirmative sentence.
They were worried about flying.
lho did she oisit? She aisited her parents.

Note that we cannot form subject questions with the Practice

following question words: where, when, why, how. 3 Complete the sentences with ttle -ed or -ing form of
(ndV@-on
w)
Where did they go onholiday?

How does she traael? (notIM)

the adjectives.

annoy bere excite fascinate interest

please tire worry
Practice
2 Write subject questions (S) and object questions 1 The new adventure film was really boting
(o). 2 The plane journey was very . We
went to bed when we arrived.
1 \Mho / work / here (S)
3 1ndiais a country to travel in. There
are so many things to see.
2 \Mhat / be / that (S)
4 .. with the hotel. It
We weren't very. .. ...
was dirty and rundown.
3 \Atrhere / you / live (O)
5 They weren't very in going to the
museum - the queues were too long.
4 H;;;.r', /tr,';n;iilil / ;;;lioi- 6 Emily was very with the tour guide.
He didn't know anything!
5 whi;h I ;;;;;iru;7,ht' isf- 7 There's an trip to the coast at the
weekend. I've never been diving before!
6 Where / they / go / last year (O) 8 We were about the storms in the

z w;;; ir; ru#-lli-iilii-r in" i.,i" ior USA.They are often very dalnaging.

s wh;; I |.""t'y /u," / i#iii-- UNIT ll

used lo
-ing / -ed adjectives and dependent Form
prepositions
Form llyoulhe/she/ l/you/he/she/ Did l/you/he/sh elitlwel
-ed adjectives it/we/they it/we/they they use to play hockey at
used to play didn't use to un iversity?
l'mbored.
hockey at play hockey
He is interested in rock climbing. university. at university.
Yes′ 1/you/he/sheAt/we/they
-rng adjectives did
This book is aery boring. 1/you/he/She/it/we/they
NO′
He is nn interesting person. didn't

We use an infinitive without to after used to.

The gallery used to open at 9.00 s.m.
It didn't use to haoe a restaurant.
 Grammar summary

‐
Note that the negative and interrogative forms do not We often need to make other changes when we report
have a final -d in use to. what someone said:
Sophie didn't use to like sightseeing. . Pronourrs: I - he / she; we they; mU his / her; - -
Did Sophie u'se to like sightseeing? -
our their; you (object) me -
o Time expressionst noTt) + then; today that daA) -
Use
We use used to to talk about a situatiory a state or a
-
tomorrow the next day; yesterdaA the preoious day; -
habit in the past which doesn't happen now.
-
last night the night before

. State: I used to haoe long hair when I was young. Use

. Habit: I used to play tennis three times a week. We use reported speech to say what another person
said to us or when we report someone's words from
We don't use used fo with a particular time in the past.
the past.
We use the past simple instead.
Direct speech: 'I am getting married tomorrout.'
I used to go to uniaersrty it2005.
Reported speech: She said that she was getting married
I went to uniaersity in 2005.
the next day.
The past situation, state or habit may or may not still
We can use the conjunction that tnreported speech.
be true in the present.
There is no difference.
I used to liae in Oxford, but now I lioe in Paris. /1′
Direct speech: 力,Illf M′ 4θ ll`s′ ′
′ι′τ
θ,77ω ′
4.′
They didn't use to eat meat, and they still don't now. `r uη
Reported speech: P177イ I S17′ ″オ
rr′ ′lz`′ llθ ι
`g77′
We can only use used to to talk about the past. We A/f1711ε ′ τ υθ τ′′ 71.=
`r U71′ `″ ":グ
cannot use it to talk about the present. rl lzθ ナ
'7`S′
P17111S17′ llcDllgll′ ム/11777ε llθ S′
`/
I used to aisit museums eoery week. (past) J71ノ ′ τ θθι ィI″ ′ ll
=θ
`17
I usually oisit museums eaery week. (present)
We Often use the verb s17_1/tO repOrt someoneア s lvords.
Practice ルヽ石
e dOn′ tf01low sβy with an object.

1 Complete the sentences with used to and the verbs.

/1′
71′ れたMr7“ 7``sfθ /U"′ セ″″′ れ ′
→P′ 夕:sα Jrfけ II tt・ 77′ リ
llC・ チ
′7θ ″g力 ′ル ′ 77`Sた ru″ ′
チ ″θι
f′ 7ε ィ 所η :ダ

1
.

Victorianchildren ..,..u"Fed..t.a..p-.Ls.y (p1ay)with `″

lots of dolls. ルMe can use Fθ llto report someone′ s words and tO say
2 In ancient Rome, captured warriors who someone is talking to Tc・ ::always needs an Obiect
such as 177`′ llJ′ ll`′ ,yθ 夕 /夕 s′ 17`,ll′ θ υθ /ノ θJlθ・
(work) as slaves. /1チ
3 the Vikings (wear) カプ
lllt/A/f1711θ llθ s′ ι
'7′ r l」 llル θ
″τ ′ノ:!τ υ l17 7 )P171r′ ナ0:″ r77θ

make-up? lFll′ の lz`′ ι177θ M1711ε lZ`s′ lJll′ ′ τ υθlr′ ″″,71

`gll′ `γ `″
4 Befare the electric light, people 夕ぽ
蒻電驚:喧 奪
(go) to bed early.
u change the direct speech into reported speech.
5 The Celts (not sleep) in beds.
6 In7974,48% of people (drive) a l ThefamOus model:Ilike diamonds.
Ford car. ′
′′
T77ビ 5″ 7θ ″♂
15β ガ ガ′
4/7′
('′計 sル ぎ′′
たご ″ カ7″ ('77″ S
`ブ

2 The politician:I don′ t vvant to talk to them.

Reported speech
Form 3 The vvriter:I haven′ t got any new ideas.
When we report what someone said, we often move
the tense 'backwards'. 4 The businesslllan:I′ Ill going to Russia on
Fridav

The organiser: We won't be able to build the

Alfie: I live in London. Alfie said that he lived in London Olympic stadium on time.

6 The government: We've cut taxes for the poor.

Mary said that she was working
very hard.
The scientist: Did vou r-rnderstand the
experiment?
,Mlck:l wanted to be an Mick said that he had wanted to
i astrOnaut be an astronaut. The famous actor: I didn't see the first Tames
Bond film.
:Suell have read the Sue said that she had read the
i traVel g面 de travel guide.

:JaCk:I Wi"meet you at Jack said that he would meet me

:the cafё at the caf6.
Grammar summary

UNIT 12 Se《 ⑬鶴dc◎ nditio籟 畿 ￨

any“ ′every‐ ′■o‐ ′SOme‐ and“ rfl′ng′ Form

‐ ・
whe腱′‐
onQ"bO(ッ 亀
ウ Clause cF/1Vllピ ″ 十 Past Simple)′ main Clause
ιI″ /″ οI′ ″
′
′+ininitive)
(″ θι :′

Form yFlz`r`ω α s′ 力″rr′ ε4`′ ′

′ ′ωο″I′ ″θsfrθ ソ′力
θυ ′′ g` I′

Main clause(υ θ ″ θメル′

ι ′十ininitive)チ ClauSe
八
:′ /υ
(Jtt past simple)
P`θ ″ルηο I″ 7770υ lι ′タ ル S`′ lC・ υ sθ

魏 anything anywhere anyone anybody “ `θ `Is/ο

everything everyone everybody

Use
笏 everywhere
We use the second conditionaltO talk about unreal
nothing nowhere no one nobody
or illlagined situationsル Ve use r+past silllple in the
鋒 something somewhere someone somebody 石
分ClauSe to describe tlle situation.ヤ ヽe use″ θガ″/
ttlθ ll:″ 71′ ′+ininitive in the main clause to describe the
ヤ
Vhen vFe use these prOnouns as subjects′ the verb is
illlagined result of′ or reaction to′ the situation
in the singular fOrln
了I力 α″′7ο チげ777θ ″ Iω ο 夕I″ ″θα′ θ′′′οε 力 ′′ ノ r′ .

Eυ ノθll`I′ たθs′ 17た ′llg′ llθ ′

θS・
フ ′7tlθ ″ ノθ `レ
V力 ′ ι ′“ /`/2
`γ
Tllθ ″ ′llyθ 71`ll`r` "Sα
ノ ゲ yθ ル777θ S`χ
lllθ

`,srr竹 `″
`rf7`ナ “
When we give advice/we often use rI″ θ″ratl■ er
Use than JIτ υ ′S yθ ″ :
`r`ノ

lVe use indeinite pronouns tO talk ill general about 夕/1■ ι ′I′ gθ οη力 θ″ ′
γI″ `rι ノθ ノ :′

things′ people or places.lVe use`υ ノ′′lly― and sθ 177`―

'θ

`″ pF機 嘔
もice
in the affirmative
Eフ θツ fII′ II.・ βf17Sε ブ
″′′
れgθ 力′
s frψ 2 ch00se the correct options.
"′
チ
″ ο
た フ
そ
,4gノ ′r Sο J7r`ル Ⅲθθ
′′
I′ 7θ

`賽
l lfI師 ′
J/τ ′
ο″I″ b`rich/1η /∈ θ
夕励 on
I″ a
`"′
ルVe use,70-and″ θ′′″ノin negative sentences safari in Africa.
I Il17υ チgθ rrノ 7υ 77`γ θgθ . 2 1f it rr71″ ″/“ θ夕:″ γ
θ ′′ だ/
4 mOre′ the crops ηθ
`ll′ `′
`ααllyfII′ Jrg′
Tll`γ ′■ ,α s'7′ チ θ″θ ″:″ grθ υ better
"ο
3 1f Ben l17θ ″/“ θι″″7θ υθto London′ heル タ″グ/
υι
Note that J7θ ′′11ノ ー=llο ―There is nO difference
τ
θθι ノ77″ a g00diob. `子

between them.
力θrθ ′
θs′ ′
4 What″
`:ダ
′
″ノθ ll″ ο/t17θ ι
ι:″
ノθ
ll″ θif there"′ s/
T17`γ sfr′ 77ノ τ θsノ ′=Tllθ γ
υrrθ rθ ォ s rrθ rt・

`ノ `α `′ ctlθ l“ I″ b`a snow storll■ ?

ヤVё use rlly― in questions. 5 1fthere“ ′ s/υ θ ιィ7″ b`a tsunami′ it″ ノ`′ /
`strθ
H17υ θノθll υノ
S'ォ θ
′αllソ ωrrθ γ
θ′llオ θ
γθs′ 力lg′ θ″′ノ7 ηθι ″θ sfrθ y the to、 へ /n.
`7″
6 1グ ′′ チ′ ′ /ω θ lr:′ チ ′ sた θ
″/7υ θ :′
There is nO diference bet、 ハ
Feen the t、 へ
71′ ,7′ lイ
7o′ person′ `′ `::her if she′
llsた Il■ e.
へords
、
「
Tll`r`,s rrθ θJrθ θllナ 171`,s′ 1777″ =Tllθ /`′ s IIο bθ ′ノθll′ ll`
7 He′ γουθ/τ υθι ″′
′″″υ s/
`:″ `to work ifthere tr2′
7υ θlll′ bθ ice on the rOad
′
SI1777″
8 D′ ″ノθι r7た θ/ム ζ
θlllt7ノ θlrチ ′たθrne to the
.

`′
ルVe can use these pronouns before adiectiVes tO give mountains ifthe weather"′ s/η θι イ:″ b`nice?

mOre detail.
L″ εy′ ′
sθ θυθrθ ″SOrrf`ω 力′″ bθ α″lirirr θ4ヵ θ7717α ノ

贄
『 豪ξ電lc蟻
嗜 cOmplete the sentences with the■ vords

,om(雲十1:n9 anyone everythin9 anything

somevvhere any、 、
ノhere Somebody
everybody

I'm going to see .... st:tr1,;;:tltilt;; exciting at the

park.
2 We are driving to beautiful tomorrow,
3 Are you meeting you know there?
4 He didn'tbuy me for my birthdayl
5 I ,iust saw -'-__----'-' running into our garden.
6 Did vou so interesting when you
were in Spain?
7 wanted to hear the latest news.
8 Please leave where it is and don't
move.

∪鶴it弩
■ 1.1
PeOPle sometillle,think Mary and Gerald are
married but ill fact they′ re luSt 3。 Od friends
They have knolド n each other for forty vears
because they regularly 3o ballroonl dancing
Every vヾ eek they lneet and Practise dancing
hIIary Ha‖ is eighty― five years old and Gerald
Kavanagh is eightI So′ after all these years′
、Fhy do they dance?Probably because it′ s
good for their health fOr t、 ァ O reasons lt′ s good
PhySiCal excrcise′ but dancing is also about
learning ne、 F n10Velments so it′ s good for your
lanental hcalth asぃ √ell Dancing is one good
reason for their long and happy life
■ 1.2
This quiz is a good、 Fay for people to find。 し tt
hOM√ they sleep lt sho、 Fs thenl、「hat kind of
person they are PeoPle、 「 ｀ith lnostly 2ヽ ans、 Fers
usually sleep very、 rell They have regular
routines and they are hardly ever tircd PeoPle
v´ ith B ans、 Fers sleeP fatrly vrell■ /1ost adults
、 D:
「ake uP once Ortぃ √
ice a night and that′ s
normal Butthese peoplc probably have busy
、
「orking lives or fanlllies sO they al、 へ rays、 へ
Fant
extra hoursin bcd Try to 8o to bed earlier and
SICeP fOr an extra hour at,`eekends People
、Fith lnOstly C ans、 へrers have tlle biggest
Pl10blems These peoPle dOn′ t relax bofore
bedtime They regularly、ハ
/ork in the evening
or do exercise Don′ t misundersta〕 nd lne SPort
iS 300d fOr yOur health but notlate at night
■ 1.4
P=Presenteち D=David NIcLain
P: No one kno、 FS eXclctly the reason、 Fhy
solme peoplc live longer than Others ヽ ハ hy
√ a beg:inner's group. You should do it r,r,ith
arc they so healthy?Is it thcir diet?Do they
go to the gym more than others?Well′ one
man is trying to ans、 へ
rer thcse questions
and that nlan is exPlorer and iOurnalist
David McLain He′ s currelltly travelling
to places and regions、 ハ Fith large nuinabers
of peoPle aま d a hundred and over and
asking the questions:Whv are they so
healthy?VVhat are they doing that the rest
of us aren′ t?Atthe lnoment he′ s、「、Orking
on thc lsland of Sardinia in ltalv but he′ s
SPeaking to us right no、 F on the phone
D.lvid′ thank you for,Oining us todaI
D:Hello
P: So′ first Of all Tell us、 Fhy yOu decided to
visit Sardinia
D:llVell′ Sardinia is an interesting Placc
because men livc the same allnount of tillle
as vピ omen Thatisn′ t nornlal for inost
countries ヽÍen normally die youngel
P: And does anyone kno、 「 the reason vヾ
peoplc live 10nger in Sardinia?
D:There are different ideas abOut this but
possibly one explanation is that the falllily
is so important here Every Sunday the
iド hole fainly lneets and they eat a huge
mealtogether Research sho、 FS that in
countries、Fhere pcople live 10nget the
family is imPortant But also on Sardil■
the older innOther or grandmothor often has
authority in the family As lnen get oldet
they have less rcsPonsibility ill Sardinian
culturc So′ perhaPs tlle Older inen have less
stress′ 、Fhich ineans they′ re living longer
P: Isee So′ do you thil■ k people live longer in
traditiOnal societies?
D:That's an interesting question lt′ s true that
even on Sardinia the younger generation
are eating nlore fOOd like chiPs and
burgers Also young PeoPle are rnoving
to tho citル sO they are doing less exercise
because of their lifcstyle SO′ it、「、i1l be
interesting to come back tO Sardinia in
Oぃ
`enty years and see if peoPle are still
hving longer
", 1.6
Conversation 1
C = Customer, P = Pharmacist
C: Hel1o. I'r,e got a sore throat and a runnv
nose. J feel terrible.
P: Have ),ou got a temperature as u.ell?
C: No, it's normal.
P: !Ve11, you should take tl'Lis medicine trvice
a day. It's good for a sore throat.
C: Thanks.
P: And try drinking hot u,ater rr,,ith honev
ard 1emon, That he1ps.
C: OK. l nill.
P: Oh, and vou neecl a box of tissues. If 1,611
still feel ill in a feu,davs, see a doctor.
Conversation 2 A: So this is a good s,alr to relax.
P=Patient,D=Doctor
P: I'r'e got an earache in this ear. I couldn't
sleep last night because it r.as so painful.
D: Let me have a look. . .. ah . .. r,es, it's \.er_v
red in there. What about the other one?
P: [t feels fine.
Hmm. lt's a bit red as rve11. Do vou feel
sick at all?
P: No, not reall1r
D: Let me check vour temperature. ... Yes, it's
higher than nonnal. I'11 g:ive you something
for it. You need to take one of these pills
trvice a day {or seven davs. Drink lots of
rt ater ard come back if yotL don't feel
better.
Llnit ? A: What do vou mean? Me? An1-r,r'ay', it looks
1.7
The slvimming race in the photo is one part of
three races in total. T1-re competitors slvim Ior
3.86 kilometres (that's tto point four miles),
cycle for 180 kilonretres and run a marathon
at the end. It's callecl the Ironman hiathlon
and the men srvimming in the photo are
all compcting at the annual Ironman u,or1d
cl'Lampkrnship in H.rr.r.aii. Hundreds of people
compete but thousands of spectators also
u.atch the famolls contest. They all want to see
someone lr,in the ultimate test of fitness.
.t'1.9
M = Meg, P = Paul, K = Kirsty
M: I lole getting up early evqry morning ancl
going to the pool. It's real1v quiet at this
time and there are only one or trt o other
people. I'm not very 5;ood at swimming but
I'r.e got problems rvith my back so it helps
\'vith that.
P: I prefer r.vatching sports to doing them.
Especiallv running. lAre have to do sport at
hy school on Tuesdays and Fridar,,5 lr.ith our
teacher Mr Sr.kes. He tells us to run round
and round tlie school field. Running is
really boring exercise and I'm ah^,a,vs 1ast.
I l.rate losing.
K: I like plaving tennis so much that
currentlY I'm rt orking n,ith a tennis coach
to improve mv game. I'\.e got mv first
ia′
competition in a month. I'm verv excited
about competing because one dav l'd like
to become a professional player and this is
an opportuniqr to see hor.r. good 1 really am
against other players.
:... '1.1'l
Well, here u.e are in a place called Banner Elk.
Yes, I'd never heard of it either. Any\,vav, it's
in the mountair-rs of North Carolina, USA and
it:is co1c1l But that doesn't stop hundreds of
competitors coming here every October for
the ton n's annual Woolly Worm Race. The
rules for the competition are eas,v Anvone of
any age can enter but vou must have a u.oolly
worm. You can bring vour o\{,n or vou can
buy one before the race. Each race has twenty
Audioscripts
people and tr,r,enty n,oolly rvorms. You have
to put )-our \{,orm on a piece of string at the
start. Then they're offl The only rule is that
1,ou mustr-L't touch your lr.orm during the
race. During the dav there are lots of races
and if your rvoolly r,orm beats the others in
the race, you take part in the grand final in
the afternoon. And the prize monev i' one
thousand dollars! Well u,orth it I'd sav ...
.i'1."12
A: Hev! Har.e you seen this?
B: What?
A: This advert. Yotlre really good at
doing that.
B: Yes, but Ihave so much nork at the
moment, T don't har.e time.
B: I can take a good one of {riends and f;rmil1,
but I'rn not very creative r'vith rt.
A: Alrighr. Woll. u h,rt aboul joirrirrg
something else? Er, this onel Are you
interested in acting?
B: You'le joklng. I hate standing up in front
of people. You're more of a performer than
me.
A: Yes, but it's a musical. I/m not ver\i good at
singing.
B: Let's har.e a look at that. But it says here
enthusiasm :is more important than talent.
Co on. I think vou'd enjoy it.
A: Emm, rt ell maybe but I think I'cl prefer to
ioin thi, on \{edne:d,r1 evenirrg..
B: Wl-rat? You? Do exercise?
fun. Whv don't you come too?
B: Me? But I can't even walk twenty
kilometres, never mind run it.
A: No, but that's the point. Look, there's er.en
me.
Linir 3
,l'. 1.14
Tl-rlsphoto is on a train in Bangladesl-r. It l,as
the end of Ramadan and lots of people tralel
home at that time of year. Train tickets sel1 out
quickl.v so you often;ee people riding on top
of the trains and the carriages. In this picture
the u.oman is sitting betlveen the carriages
because there isn't slrace on top of the tr.rin.
It looks a bit dangerous but she doesn't look
verv n'orried.
:'.,1.15
A: One day l'd like to but, an electric car.
Thev're rnuch cleaner than petrol cars. But
I'm not sure if I'11 see many on the road in
the near future.
B: But vou can already buy them.
A: Reallr,?
B: Sure, and they have the most eflicient type
of engine. Unfortunately they're much
more erpensil'e than petrol cars. When
ther,'re cheaper, more people will buy
them.
A: l'm not sure if that's better or u.orse! With
more people on the road, we'll have more
traftic jams.
B: Especiallv at eight in the rnorning. It's the
lvorst time of the da1'.
A: Yes. I trl. to a\.oid the rush hour now-
I leave home before seven.
B: \{e11, I'd like to leave the car at home but
ever\. other tvpe of tralLsport is slower. This
ton.n needs better public transport. The
buses don't go io the right places. And thev
are alrvavs laie. Last r,r,eek I u,aited for a
number il entr.-nir.re for over an hour ...
169
 Audioscripts

5 A=Attendant′ S=Shelley/J=Javier WV≒ Tl■ ey are ab′ ays decisive Tlley always
晰 1.17 think and lnove very qllicldy and so she
A: He‖ o Can lsee your PassPOrt?
Documentarア 1 S: Here vou are l doln′ t have a ticket because saved tlu・ ee lives lt′ s an important qualiサ

0n a beautiful・ suntmer lnoming in Thailand′ l booked online
guests are arrivllng for a weddhg Sbme are A: That′ sOK Ho、
checkillg in?
`rnany bags are you
arrivhg in cars but the lnost special guests
are riding′ in traditlonal s、/1e′ On the backs S: None l onlv have this carrv on
of elePhantS Elephallts are as heavy as cars A:OK V01ndOw Or aisle?
butthey aren′ t as fast′ and lnost people also S: Ert l don′ tinind but can l have a seat next
tO mv friend?
1link elephants aren′ t as comfortable as cars
Ho、 vever7in Thailand these attals have A:Has he alreadv checked in?
in a dilficult sitllation Ano■ er importal■ t
qualiサ tl■ ey need is determmation For
example′ did you read about thirteen― year―
old Bethany Hamilton?She showed real
deternunatlon One day M71■ en she Ⅵ″ as
suring a shark attacked her and she lost
an arm lt、 vas an incredlble story WVith one
arm′ she swam back to tlle beach

great ttPortance The Asian elephallt became S:No′ m waiting for him
1′
I: Incredble′ and there v7as another recent
a domestic anilna1 5′ o00 years ago ln the past A:Well′ I call′ t
silnilar story ¨err that couPle the
they trmsPOrted soldiers to M″ ars and worked Carlsons
J: Shelley!
h the forests Pulling up trees md carrylllg S: VVhere have vou been? IVL Sorr,v′ hat,vere tlley dolllg?
v√ ood NoM′ adays′ it′ s mOrecomonto see J: It′ S a 10ng storI I: They、ァ ere sailing their bOat、 /hen a wave
them tl・ ansporting tourists and people on hitthem The boat sank and tl■ ey were at
SPeCial occasions′ but they are as ilnPortant as sea for thrty― one days
2_l=ti 4 W:Oh yes′ I remember that story Butthey
ever in Thai socie与

Documentary 2
■ 1.21 、
vere exPerienced with boats so skll and
bowledge probabヶ Saved■ em more tllm
Lester Courhey and hs wile spend a lot of Mv name′ s Vic and llive in the state of anytl■ hg else
tilne with the士 horses′ not for leisure but
Tcnnessce During the、 Feek Iヽ「 へorkin a b.lnk ■ ■ gllt whatifl don′ t have special
So′
but at tl■ e、 Feekends l go caving Colleagtles personal qtla■ ies or skills?Is tllere
for、 /ork They are traditlonal tree loggers
at、 in a bit crazv because it′ s anytlling l can do?
、vho cut trees lll tradi■ onal ways Tlley also `ork think I′
transPort tl■ et“ es tl・ aditionalサ ーWith horses
dangerOus and sometimes you have to take WVL Yes′ there is Most surv市 ors don′ t normally
risks′ butl hke the challenge Every cave take risks
Once the trees are down/Dan and NIaddy
iS a neヽ F adVenture l think iny biggest I: ヽ Vhat do you inean?
pullthem away They′ re Lester′ s tM′ o horses
へas reaching Rtlmbling
achievelnent so far、 「 WVL VVell′ on an aeroPlane′ the survivors
Lester has alv″ ays used horses Horses aren′ t
Falls Cave lt′ s trt really challenging cave usualけ wear Seat belts At sea′ you take
the fastest forin of transPortation but Lester
doesn′ t believe lnodern lnachhes are as good
because you clinlb dO、「n a hOle that′ s about extra food and、 vate■ ()n a inoulltam/a
ハ
t、Fenty llletres into the ground Then you go climber alv′ ays wears warコ n clothes _
lt′ s true that horses aren′ t as sttong as lorries′
up tl.7o、 Faterfalls and through a cave on your I: R■ ght l suPPoSe we normally think
or as fast but Lester prefers workllng、 へ ″ith
anin■ als For one thulg a horse isn′ t as heavy
hands and kllees fOr nearly a rnile sO you survivors are risk― takers butin fact most of
as rnodern machll■ ery so it doesn′ t damage tlle
need to be PhySiCally fit But atthe end′ you them are quite careful
old forests Lester also prefers horses because suddenlv come to、「 へhat、 Fe Call the Rulnble W:Exactly lMe all take五 sks― even when we
Roonl lt′ s an incredible Place lt′ S a gigantic 、 valk across the road― but mOst survivors
horses aren′ t as noisy
roon■ ―and it′ s like a dillcrent、 Forid don′ t tab unnecessary risks
瘍 1.19
■ 1.23 鶉 1.26
lJ=JaVieり D=Driver l VVhere did Edtlrne Pasaban live?In the A:Hi Mark How was your camping ttip?
J: Hel10?Aご e you the nexttaxi? mountainous Basque llegion of SPaill B: It M7as greatlll the end but v″ e had a
D:凝 s′ tllat′ s rigllt 2 ヽ へ
√hen did she clilllb her first rnountain? terrible tilne at the beglllning
J: I′ d like to go to tlle station′ please ヽ へ
√hen she、 FaS fOurteen A:VVЪ y?
D:Bus or tralll? 3 い√hat did she studv at universitv? B: First′ 、″
e left the house early on Sattlrday
J: Oh SOrry The tralll station Ellgil■ eering monling but after omy half an hour the car
D:OK Gettn tl■ en 4 ヽへ√hen did Stc、 en ShoPPman and Stephen brolce dowvn
2D=Driveル J=Javier 3ouev drive loulld the、 FOrld?Fron■ 2007 A:Oh nol
to 2010 B:Fortlll■ ateし tllere was a garage nearby and
D:There are road M7orks up by the entl・ ance 5 VVhat did they go acrOss?A minefield the mecha」 c ixed the problem But v√ hen
■ YOu Can drOp me ofl¨ re lt′ SIhe How 6 VVhat did thev find?Thatthe、 /orld we arrived at■ e forest′ it M″ as geting
much is that? wasn′ t as dangerOus as they thought dark After Ⅵre drove around for about
D:Six POunds tl■ ir与
all hour/、 ve finally found the campsite
J: SOrry/1 only have a t、7enty― pound note ■ 1.24 butit was completely dark by then
Do you have dhange? Unfortmateし it started rammg so we
D:Sure So′ s thirteen PoundS Sevenリ
that′
1=Interviewet W=Sandy Weisz
I: Normallv、「e Onlv hear bad llev「 s so it′ s found a nice hotel down the rOad!
Do you want a receipt?
A:That was lucky!
J: No′ it′ s OK tllanks Bye 800d tO have some 300d ne、 ハ Is from tilne
to tirne For examPle′ did you hearill the B: Yes′ it、 ァ
as a great hotel and in the end M′ e
3S=Shelley/D=Driver へs abotlt h/1aria Carza?She、 ŕas sitting
ne、「
stayed there for the whole、 veekend
on an aeroPlane in Denver airPort｀ Fith A:Sottnds g“ atl
S: Hi Do you stop atthe airport?
D:Yeah′ I do VVhich termlllalis it?North or her one― vear― old child、 へF a firO
`hen she sa、
south? frOm the、 FindO■ 、 「as con■ ing frOlan One
l lt、
1;,1:iう
S: Eri l need to getto the north ternlinal ofthe engines Did you read that?No?It
D:OK A slllgle or return ticket? ヾ
i´as amazing VVhile the other Passengers ■ 1.28
S: Single′ please ヽFere running to the exits′ Maria climbed Every day we use obieCtS like comPuterS′
D:That′ stwo Pounds out of the、 ハ
rindolAr and onto the、 「ing of mobile PhonCS and household aPPlianCes such
the plane She saved hor daughter′ s life as、 ハ
Fashing machines and cookers、 FithOut
4 J=Javier7 T=Ticket office clerk and she was pregnant atthe timel So′ in thinking So′ 、Fhen yOu see a scuIPture by tlle
■ A retllrn icket to tl■ e airport′ please fact she saved three lives artist Ceorge Sabra′ it′ s surprising because
■ OK The nexttrau1 80es h ive mmutes ln today′s Programme、 へ Fe′ re talking
he ttses these obieCtS in new ways Ъ ke the
I Rgllt Thatone′ Please about、、「hy some peoPle are survivors ヽ Vё
sculpture in the photo′ fOr example ltlooks
■ First or second class? √antto kno、 F、Fhat nlakes these peoPle
iハ
like a stilange anilanal and it′ s lnade of、 /ood′
J: SeCOnd so special FOr exalalPle′ ｀ ｀
Fhat are their metal and PlaStiC The body is v√ ood fronl a
■ OK That′ s fOurteen pounds ifty personal qualities?Here to help us ans、 Fer beach The rOund head is inade of metal and
J: VⅥ OW!Can I Pay by Cheque? that question is Doctor Sandyべ、isz Sandy the haillis made ofinetal and plastic computcr
■ Sorry Cash or credit card is a doctor of Psychology and an exPert parts Ceorge lllakes these sctllPtures
■ Oh nO… Oh′ One moment Maぅ わe l haVe in survival skills SO SandI、「hat kind Of becauso he、 /ants peoPle to think about the
enough 1eft. person is a survivor? environment and about recycling and reusillg
ＴＪ

OK. Here you are. W:VVell′ the stOry of Maria Carza is a good cvcryday oblocts
︰■

V\4rich platform is it? one because she sho、●ed a PersOnal q■ lity lt■

Err, platform six. that all sttrvivors have

I: 1へ √
hich is?

170
 Audioscripts

‐
筵ポ 1.29
C: One moment ... Do t ou have the order: ' ,, 1.38
numbcr?
P=Presenter/R=Reg′ S=Sandra J: Yes, it's 8-0-5-3-1-A. R=Reporter,L=Lorette
P: OK So′ ℃ek on Radio TallK′ we′ re
this ttν C: Is that A as h Alpha? R: It's about sir o'clock in the mon.ring here in
talbg abOutrecyclhg VVe、 ァ ant to lqnoM/: J: That's right. Nelv Orleans and the streets are verv quiet.
How l■■uch do you recycle?Al■ d do you C: Is that Ms.[ane Pon,e]l of 90 North Lane? But in about six hours the citv is 5;oing; to
tl■ ink it′ s llllPOrtant?The phone lllles are J: Yes, it is. havc the biggest part1. in the rvorlcl and
open …and our irst caller ths lnornhg is C: Hmm. Can I put you on hold for a thousands of visitors from all o\'€'r ale
Reg lronl Cambridgesm PNe.・ /you′ re on moment? going to fill the streets. Hon er-et N1ardi
Radib Talk Go ahead Reg?Are you there? J: Sure. Cras is rea11y about thc 1oca1 communities
R:Hello?Cm you hearlne? C: Helkr? in the citrr So, l'r,e come to the traditional
P: ■/es′
Reg′ I can l■ ear you md so can about J: Yes, hel1o. Trem6 neighbor.rrhood of Neu. Orleans
half a lnilllon otller peopleル VЪ at did you C: I'm verv sorry but this product isn't in u.here therc arc alreacly some people
wantto say Reg? stock at the lnoment. We'll har.e it in seven preparing for the big dav. So, I'11 tr1,to
R: VVell:A lot of people talk about recyclin.・ davs. speak to some of thern ... Helkr? Hello?
tllese days and they say it′ s good for the J: I alleadv knor,r. that. But it's mv husband's L: Hello?
environlnent butI′ ln not so sure Talce birthdav tomorro\ ,. R: Helkr. \{hat's r.onr nane?
、vhere 1 1市 e′ for example There aren′ t any C: I see. Wel1, n ould vou like to order a L: Lorette.
recycling centtes in lny town similar clock? We have an Apple iPod one R: Hi Lorettc. \lou'le u.earing ;r fant;rstic
P: Rea■ ン Reg?But what about at your local for thirty-five pounds. costume. Are you going to be in the parade
supermarket?Are there any recycling buls J: Hnrm. I really likcd the one I ordcrcd. this afternoon?
tllere? C: Oh, I'm sorry about that. Wcruld vou like tcr L: That's right. I'm meeting er,eryone at the
R:()K′ yes there are some recycling bins cancel the order? float in a fen, minutcs and thcn rvc're
l adnlit and a lot of peoPle take their f: Yes, I think so. Flolv does that u.ork? riding through the citr''.
rubbish there But listen to this A lorゥ C: Well, u,e'li refund the anount of thirt1- R: As I s;-ry vour dress looks amazing. Did
connes every single week to take it all nine pounds to vour credit card. you n-Lake it?
away l ask youl Hov√ is that good for tl■ e J: OK. Thanks. L: Yes, rt e all make our o\\.n costumes for
enviroment?Tlulk about all the fuelit C: And rvould vou like confirmation by N4ardi Gras.
uses No′ ln not convinced ttd anotller
I′ email? R: And do rou have a mask?
■lhg_ J: Yes, please. L: Sure. Hele it is. I'11 put it on.
P: Actually Reg I′ n■ go■lg to stop you there C: Let me check. Your email is j pou'ell at R: Wolr That's perfect. So tell me. Horv
because on line t、 vo l have anotl■er caller S-mai1 dot com. impoltant is Mardi Gras for the people in
Ｊ Ｃ Ｊ Ｃ Ｊ
︰

Lllle t,vo?Are you there? That's right. Trem6?

S:Hello′ yes I′ m here Is there anvthing else I can help 1,ou w,ith? L: It's the most import;rnt palt of the ye;rr. It
︰

P: hdM″hat′ s your name? No, thanks. That's everl,thing. brings people together'.
S: Sandra OK. Goodbye. R: We1l, good luck this afternoon. You're
︰

P: OI〔 Sandra You are l市 e on Radio Talk
S: VVell′ I′ m really angry M7ith the nnan、 へ
″ho
wasjust on
P:You mean Reg?
S:Yes He′ s iust lilKe all tlle PeoPle wh0 1iVe
round lne They don′ t recycle lnuch sttlfl
eitl■ er
P: Vヽ hat?None of tlleln?
S: VVell′not many people on n■ y street recycle
l don′ t know about other Parむ of the toM′ n
Every、 ′ eek lsee them They throwv away a
lot of bags l suppose some peoPle recycle
a little rubbish every Mreek They don′
tlllnk they have time for recycling
P: And do you ever say anyllling to them?
S:Yes′ I dolltellthem You onヶ ¨ed a
few mulutes every day to separate your
glass′PlastlC and Paper And there are a
lot of places,vhere you can take recycling
There′ s no excuse at all
P: That′ s an interesting oplluon Sandra and so
、vhatI M7antto do is brhg back Reg who′
waitlng on lme one ¨Reg?
R:Hello?
P:Reg/1′ d like to you repけ tO Sandra because
she says it′ s easy to recycle Wヽ hat do you
say to tl■ at?
R:V`e■ ′she miま t be ri.・ ht but where l live
you can′ t _
餞 1.32
V=recorded voice/C=Customer care
assistant J=Jane
ヽl Thalllc you for calling Teco Art dot
com Your callis inPortantto us For
il■ormation about our latest products′
press one For orders′ press tM7o For
problems、 vith your ordeし press thee ¨
All our customer service assistants are
busy We apologise for tlle delay Your call
is importantto us One of our customer
service assistanむ 、
vill be witll you as soon
aS POSSlble
C:Good mormng Can l help you?
ln calling about an order for a
J: Hi′ I′
Bve. going to have a great time, I'nr snre!
".,."1.40
螂nitう
Conversation L
■ 1.35 I=Ian,A=Abdullah
1n the story ofthe SPhinX′ the ans、 ´ √er to the I: Hi Abdullah. Hol"s it going?
question is′ man′ This is because′ a baby A: Goocl. I finished .rl1 mr corLrses todar.so
lmoves using t、 Fo hands and two feet An adult I can relar.
ぃ√ alks on t朴「o le3S and an old Pers01■ 、 「alks I: Great. -Nlavbe vou'11 h.rr t time for some
01l tヽ ヽ
F01egs but also nccds a l´ ヾalking stick travelling .rncl sightseeinr norr.
ln the question the SPhillx alsO talks about A: N,lar.be. Bui I thir-Lk I'11 take- it easv tl.ri-<
three diffcrcnt parts of the day:rnornlllg′ noon n,eeker-Ld.
t
and evening These parts of the dtly rePlesent I: Ohl lVell, l'hr, don't volr come ti) rn\-
the different stages of our life Morning is house? N'[v familr- is coming over. lVe're
childhood Noon is the rniddle of our life har.ing; a barbecue in the back gartlen. 1t'11
Evening is old― age ln the Original Greek storシ be ftrn.
the SPhinx killcd lnany travellers because A: Thanks, but I have a fcn, things to do at
thev didn′ t knov/the ans、 Fer Finall、 olle home and it's n,ith your family so )'ou
man ans、「 、ered the question colrectlI He｀ 'as probablv don't u,ant other people there . ..
Oedipus and when he answeretl′ man′ ′the I: No, really. Don't worry because I'm
SPhinx killed itself inr.iting a felv people from our class as
s
u,e11. So vou'l1 know peoplc. I'd rca11y like
■ 1.36 Yotl to come.
Speaker l A: OK. Thanks, that n,oulcl be great. Is it a
special occasion?
One day I Plan tO go to llniversity but first
liド ant to take a year OfftO get sorne、 、 FOrk
I: lVell, mt oldest sister has a neu. baby girl
so it's a bit of a celebration for that.
eXPerience abroad So′ atthe rnomentI′ ln
A: Ohl So I should bring something.
、へForking at a local supermarket and I′ rn going
to save ali nly lnnonev Then I′ d like to tra、 lel to
I: No, please don't. Tt isn't like that. There's
somoiド here like Atistralia if l can affOrd it
no need .. .
Conversation 2
Speaker 2
Peoplc seelll to think this stage ill life means
J=Ioanna,S=Sally
looking after grandchildren and Playing 8olf J: Ht'llo Salh. Hou aLe r orL?
S: Iir.re. thanks. It's been .r busl rreek.
ぺQll forget tht・ ttl l intend tO dO all tl■ e things I
iド anted to do but never had tirne And as for
l: \c-. I rrr. t lp \\ lrcr' .1. r ".r r''rr -l-l
S: TomorLorr.
wOrk!V`ell′ I′ 1l be haPPy to leave llly,ob′ I Can
tell vou J: Ol.r, realh. l didn't realise- it rr-as so soon.
S: \\ell.r.rrr' ) i.-lrr lr,.rrei>un
rr )'
Speaker 3 Saturdar.
f: But r.or,rrre st.rving for another rr,eek?
We hope to gct a PlaCe of ottr ov.rn but these
S: No.
days it′ s rea■ y difficulttO buy a house House
prices arc so high so、 Fe′ re Still living、「ith llny f: Oh. \{e11, l'h.rt are doing tonight?
S: Nothing at the moment. I'11 tre at mv hotel.
husband′ s Parents lt′ s hard notto fcolsad

about it f: like to come out fot

\\'e11, rvoulcl r on
Computer Circuit Board Clock fl・ om your dinner? Let's go somervhere this er.en:ing.
website but l rece市 ed an emai sayilg I S: Reallr'? J'd love to.
have to wait seven more days
 Audioscipts
― J: Of COurse I′ d like to take you to n■y
favourite restaurant
S: That、 vould be、 vonderflll I′ d like that very
much
l Great Let′ s g6 straigllt after work I′
you doM/nstairs in receptlon
S: C)K Vヽ hat tu■ ■
e?
I If廿 iSh atsix ls that OK for you?
S: Sure I′ llsee you then Bye
Unit 7
瘍 2.1
People olten say tv′ ins and triPletS have
silnilar emotions and feehngs as well as tlle
same appealance VVell′ these triPleじ alsO
have tl■ e salllejob ney a“ tlle Koratta
brothers That′ s Alldrew on the left′ JosePh in
tlle middle and Robert on ie rigllt ney al
became police officers fourteen years ago so if
you add uP their tOtal years Of service′
about for,― 椰′ 。years Alnd they all work
for tl■ e New JerSey State Police so tl■ ey deal
witl■ everydilg"om serious crime to trafllc
accidents across the state of Nev/JerSey
瘍 2.2
Nick Veasey takes PhOtOgraphs of ordmaゥ
PeOPle′ places and oblects but no one could
descrlbe the inal Photographs as ordlllaIァ In
fact′ ■ ey are very creat市 e Nlck uses X― ray
photoraPhy and′ as a result′ you see■ lside
tl■ e obiect The lmal■ lages are often beautiflll′
l■
strange or surprising Workng with X― rays
can be dalgerous because oftlle radiatlon So
Safeサ al■1/ays comes ttstfor Nick His well―
equiPPed studiO is a large black buildhg lt
has thick concrete walls to stop the radialon
lnside he has different X― ray lnachines for
different sizes and types of Lnages But
not everythhg he photographs will■ t ul
the studio so sometimes l■ e has to travelto
tlnem For example′ he has photographed
m aeroPlane′ a bus and al■ ofhce buildll■ g
M7ith peoPle WOrku■ g inside These k」 nds of
PrOleCtS take■ any days and mmy difle“ ■
X― rays Thel■ /he takes tlle bestimage back
to his sttldio and sPendS a 10t of hs、 /orkng
day improvhg tlle llllage on lus computer
unilitis ready for an exl■ biion You can see
hs photos in gallerms al1 0ver the world and
mal■ y companies also use his images in the士
advertisements
蝙 2.5
1=Interviewer7 E=Engineer
″long have you wOrked for your
I: Ho、 へ
company?
E: For t,venサ ー
fiVe years Su■ ce l left college
I: So′ wl■ endid you study enguleerhg?
E Istarted college when l was nmeteen and
l qualilled as an entteer abOut four years
later
I: And have you always lived in
Pennsy市 al■ ia?
E: No I′ ve■ved in lots of differellt PlaCes
Ll the energy busllless′ you live v√ here tl■ e
、7ork is
vhen
I: Soァ ル did you lnOve here?
E: In 2007 Just after they found the gasllere
I: So′ hoM7 1nany different places have you
l市 ed● ′dO you thlllk?
Ｅ
I'd say about fifteen, maybe sixteen places.
■
Have you ever [ived abroad?
Ｅ
but only for about three months.
Yes,
Ｌ
And how does Pennsylvania compare with
other places? Has it been easy living here?
Ｅ
Yes, it has, overa11.
■
Have the local people been friendly?
Ｅ
Yes, they have. Weil, most people anlway.
■
Ah, but not everyone?
Ｅ
Some people didn't want us here in the
beginning because they were worried
about the environment. But the changes
have been good for this region. It's brought
172
jobs back to Pelansy市 ania So′ Ith』 k most peoPle Lve in Parts Of the、 vorld where there
people have understood how inPortant aren′ tlnany optlcias For exall■ Ple′ ■l parむ
ths is¨ of Africa there is only one optician per n、 illlon
people But novみ tl■ ere is a scientist who has
1l meet 薇 2.6 totlnd a soluion to■ e problem Joshua Si市 er
1=Interviewerr C=Candidate has lllvented glasses、 vhich don′ tneed m
optlclan
I: R■ght Have a seat′ Ruby
C:ThalnlKs They look like a pair of normal glasses but
I: So′ ve received your CV and your letter
I′ tllere is a pllllnP on eaCh Side witl■ s■ cone
of application Alld l see your curre■ job is oil First′ you tunn a v′ heel、 vh」 ch controls
as a sales assistant at Raystone′ s Bookshop tlle pump The pumP pushes tlle sihcone o■
So′ hoM71ong have you worlced there? tlarougll tl■ e pipe and it moves hto tl■ e lenses
C:I′ ve been there for about eigllteen mOntlls The shape of the lens challges and you turn
I: Oh′ yes′ I see no、 l So′ in that case′ M√ hy tl■ e wheellmi you can see correctヶ
∼
have you aPPlied for tl■ is PosiiOn? Silver had the idea a few years ago and he did
C:VVelL I′ ve realヶ enlord my WOrk at many exPeriments before he got it rigllt¶ ne
Raystone′ s I′ ve ab′ ays been interested m llrst person、 vho used the ne、 ァglasses、 /as
books and usualけ tlle customers are really
a man m Ghana Tl■ e inan made clotl■ es but
nice And llike ttyhg to frld books for he had bad eyesight and found it difflcult to
tl■ em Especially the rare coPieS Of books
M7ork But、 vl■ en the mall put on the glasses′ he
that′ s I So′ why do you wantto leave■ em? ′
could start、 vorking agam Si市 er says′ I will
C:Because it′ s quite a small mdependellt
notforget iat mOment′
bookshoP whereas E I Booksis a lnuch
bigger cOmpany lread on your websie As a result′ Silver started tt organisat10n
you have over fif、 /branches noM7 and M√ hich is called the′ Cent℃ forヤ lsion in tl■ e
you′ re stlll growing And l see you also
DeveloPing WOrld′ The glasses are cheap
have a website、 /here people can order to produce and so far the orgamsaiOn has
books So′ I tlulk there are probably lots worked m Africa′ Asia and Eastern EuЮ pe
whe“ over tllirサ lhOusand people now wear
of opporttttlities for me in the Llture
I: VVell′ it′ s trtle that we′ ve growvn quickly
tlle Jasses Joshua hOpes a b■ lion pecPle
■l recent years And it′ s nice to see you′ ve across the M/hole M′ orld M′ ill have then3 by
found out aboutthe compa町 _So WOuld 2020
you descrbe yoursell as ambitious?
時 2.11
C:Um′ I don′ t kl■ ow Not especialサ butI′ d
like to have a successful career A: So′ what are、 ve golllg to take M′ ith us?
■ And what are some of yollr malll sttengtlls? B: VVell′ I don′ t know whatthe weather′ s
C:Erι l work hard and l enloy WOrkng with going to be like lf it rains,v″ e′ 1l need all
other people And′ er/1 can solve problems tllis waterproof clotl■ hg
I: So′ I can ask you to do sometling and you A:Yes′ but if、ve take all that′ there won′ t be
can do it on your owvn? space for my■ lulg else Anン vaン When I
C: Yes′ I thll■ k so go canoemg l always get wetル ヽ ■ya“ you
I: Well,I′ ve aslced you a lot of questlons Do packng that?
you have any ques■ ons fOr me? B: If v`e don′ t have a map′ ,ve′ ll probably get
C: Yes′ I have I′ ve applied for tlle post of lost
sales assistal■ t here bllt earlier l said l was A:Don′ t worry lflbrhg my CPS′ we′ ll know
exac」 y M7here、 ve are at all tllnes VVhat
terested in develoPing a career Are there
ll■
often OPPOrtumties in the company for about food?
promotion? B: I normally take ins and Packets of food
I: Yes′ we′ re groM′ ing all tlle t■ me and if you v√hen l go on atrip lib its
are p“pared to move′ tllere are jobs at A:Good idea lf you carry the food in your
other branches canoe′ I′ 1l Pack bOth the tents in nine
C:OK Great And in tlleiob descrlptlon′ lt B:Maybe tl■ at′ s notsuch a good idea lf
says you offer lle対 ble hours Can you tell solnething happens to one of us′ then the
me more about that? otller PersOn either M′ on′ t have any food or
I: Sure Because、 7e open our bOokshops lla won′ t have a tent
the evettgs as M″ ell as durulg tl■ e daン , A:VVell′ hopefully that、 ●on′ t haPPen if M/e′ re
careflll
we ask staff when tl■ ey prefer to M7ork
V`e have one n■ ember of staff who likes to
work a few hoursin the lnorttg and then 鶉 2.14
A:OK Allpacked?
a feM/hours in the evenlllg
B:Neartt I′ Ve got tl■ e tent I′ ve got my
C: I see
、valklllg boots
A: Have you got a good coat?■ ■
unit 8 ey say it′ s
goコ ng to ram
瘍 2.7 B: Erち I only have this one
A:Yealn′ it′ 1lbe OK Hey/■ /hat′ s that?
1t′ s dificult to remelnber v′ hat life was like
B: Oh yeah′ rny brotl■ er gaveitto me
before techl■ olo"It s01Ves mattmatlcal
problems for us lt sends rnessages to ttiends A:Wo予 ν here do lswith it on?
l That is cool!ヤ ヽ
B: Here But you press this if you、 /ant
ll a second lt even cooks d血 er for us Vヽ 性 n
dlferent tteS Oflight
technology makes a nustake′ it′ s only because
A:Wヽ hat do you mean?
it′ s folloM7ing itttructions tron■ a human
So′ what's the next big step in techlology?
B: Press here if you、 vant normal ligllting But
you need to press l■ ere for long distances
Robots are colninon in industry such as car
A:VVoM/1 That′ s amazing
manufactttrhg and recently NASA senttlne
B:It ca■ ligllt oblects SiXサ metres way And
first humal■ oid robot into space wl■ ere it
PreSS it again alld you get a flashmg red
works on the lnternatlonal SPace Sta■ on lt′ s
LEttt fOr emergencies
called Robomaut 2 or PN2 alld it does allthe
A:Aaah′ IM′ ant one!
SmPle Or repetiivejobs so tlle astronauヽ can
B:And listell to tl■ is
spend more time do■ lg experunents PerhaPs
A:Ho、v did you do that?
J have
in a feM/years′ time every home M′
B: I Pressed ths button lt′ s a sound for
ther own R2
emergencies You know7if you getlost
durmg the day and you need help
瘍 2.8
A:Br■ lianI Vヽhat is tlnis fOr?
NIore than one blllion people nl dle world
B: Pluggll■ g it ll■ to your laptop
don′ t have glasses but need them Tl■ ese
A:予 颯ly do you med to do tllat?
 Audioscript

＆ Ａ Ｂ

To recharge the ri takel

But what iJ vou aboui iou
︰

We[ the batien'lasG ior a hundred and

sixty hours so you shouldn't need it.
A:Fantasic.恥 強 歪 can l get one?
one plrlce but l suggest lc● ヽ: I: I: ￨■ i[irrtiti:lt :
Unit 9 =:I :=::=
C:は、 11′ call l dO it totla、 ? B: .. : .-: :' ....: .'.r
H:Yes′ it′ s all online sO)。 u need toき O tO ilt
瘍 2.15 いFebSite ヽ ハ√hen vou click on the.Eヽ 〔ROL
.' -.'. : " r.:.. :,. : :
.. ,- l:'- ,r .. :- i .' u : .\ jr. ru.:.i j\-r..-
-j: .r.,.

ヤVЪJe I、 vas wOrklng as an Enghsh teacher m NOVV′ button′ the llrst thing you′ re asked clar lile on tire rit er.

癬縁:榊質
tO dO is tO l11l in an enr01lnent fOrm

齢難鮮 g
[ C:Right
H:Have vou seen the、 ●ebsite?
C: Yes′ butl didn′ t knO、 へ
rif l had tO fill in
Sto■ 72
A: llfhere did you stay?
B: In a hotel near the train station Butit、 、as
:Fl動 7[温1羞∬響縫熙 「
1譜
′
the fOrm for a shOrt course There isn′ t an a nlistake My bag、「as stolen frOlnn hotel
shou′ in JaPanese A lot ofJaPanese、 ァ
ords intervie、 t is there? reCePtiOn!
are homophones so they have the same sound H:No′ ■o Nothing like that But when you′ ve A:Oh nOlい √
hen did it haPPen?
completed the Online enr01lnent form′ a B:JuSt after we′ d arrived
讐 :留:酬翻:鶴 鯖 T::[幌 :l￡:猟
￨』 copy is sent to us here at the office and also A:VVho took it?
thousand′ most Of、vlnlch have come ll・ om to the courso trainer B: A man Outside the hotel He′ d f0110、 、
red
Clttese lt′ s slllnilar to English h tlle se“ e C: And dOIPay、「hen l send you the fOrm? us into the hotel Fortunatelル the hotel

胤l意轟 F轡 醸
盟:遺 ‰嘱辮
lots ofttngLsh words whch have come from
H:It′
、
s up tO you Paymentis accepted either
vhen you enrol or nO later than six、 、
reeks
receptionist ran after hirn and 80t it back
After that it、 FaS fhe ヽ
Ve、 rent sightseeing′
ay visited a couPle of rnuseums YcDu knov.77 all
the languages of German and French H撃 鯉 ∬ 露 誕戦 き露 31∬ ;∬ the usual things But then′ on the very last
C: Vfell′ I can Pay it all straight a、 Fay because night′ tllere、 Fas no electricity at the hotel
磋 2.17 my emPloyeris paying A: So′ v.Th.nt did you all do?
H:Fine After、 /e′ ve received Paymenし B: Well′ first I、「ent t0 1ook fOr the lnanager
1
a receiptis emailed tO your employer but she′ d already left The person atthe
C: And then what haPpenS? front desk had sOme candles and allthe
H:Before the course starts′ you mean? guests sat together in the bar aroa and sang
憮 C:Yes
H:Once you′ ve enrolled′ you′ re sent a list Of
songs Actuallシ it was a lot ofltln in the
end That、 FaS PrObably the best part of the

『 出譜 盤 盤識徊 tFtth
books tO btly or any course lnaterials But holidav…
actually for your course l don′ t think

鍔 僣 lttl脚 ‖ 蹴 尉 撫器 :智
…no′ all the rnaterials are provided by the
trainer He′ 1l provide thOse on the flrst day
寺 2.23
1=Inten/ie、ve1/M=Madelaine
and TV and so thqy allcOme tO the ShaoLn
C: OK Well′ 1l book it nOM√ in that case

翻 騨 i脩
I: So′ Madelaine We′ ve talked about sOme of
I′

鞭事
Thanks fOr yOur helP your PhotograPhy and your travel、 Friting
H:You′ re、 7elcome 、√
ith Nll″ ο″′′G′ ο
g″ ′
ρ7″ ごInagazine but I
centllry Shce then′ Kung Fu teachers have knO、 へ
rthat yOu′ re also very excited about
響攪it市 3
taught general■ ons of students your new iob

2
姜 2.20 M:That′ s right RecentlI I′ ve also started
、
″orking as a tour guide with氏 ■″ο″′ 7

No、 vadays′ tl■ m

e name of Shaolin is kno、 夕 1=Inten/ie■veし Z=Zoltan G′ ο
g″ ′′みた Aグ υ′ ″′ツ″
I: Zoltan′ you′ re a herpetologist、 「 `s
へhich rneans I: Is that strange for you?I Inean′ you′ re
お you study snakes all around the i″ orld SO someone、 √ ho is fascinated bv travel and
勲 欄 野 欄 榊 you have to travel a lot Do you ever take eXPeriencing ne、「 PlaceS SO｀ へFhat is it like
TV PrOlects and ICung Fu demonstratlons holidays? taking groups of PeOPle around oln tOur
are given by grOups Of Shaolin performers Z: No′ nOt often My work is also lny hobby bttses and shoぃ Fing them fan10us cities?It
As a result tl■ e Shao■ n Temple has started a so I′ ve been tO Paris′ tO Rome′ to the sounds a bit bOring fOr someone like yOし 1

Pyramids and l went sightseeing there but M:Actuallシ S fascinating because it isn′ t
it′

躙 盤 織 iサ it、 √
as al、 vays because rny、 /ork t00k nle anything like、 ,hat you′ 、e luSt described
壺 鸞 冤 毬『i「 there FOr rny last triP Iiド as iln the Sudan These are氏へflο ″′′Gビ ο
g′ ′ 771t
〃 Aゴ で′″′″
ご
e Shaolin Temple′ mOre than 50′ 000 stlldents
tl■ and l vv7ent looking for snakes holidays so they′ re special t〕 ,pes Of “
are enro■ ed at one of the s破 サ marial arts I: But you lnust take a holiday sOnletimes? holidays for people、 h010ve adventure
schools Z: Well′ Once Or twice l have travelled tO and′ on my tours′ they are esPeCially
places not connected to snakes For interested in PhOtOgraPh)i
3 exalnPle′ I Spent a holiday in the Seychelles I: So′ this isn't your traditional PaCkage
witll some friends They ellloyed the beach

麓
tour holidav by the beach、 Fith a bit Of

欄欄 誇
螢鞣融 and the rnarkets、 vhile l went diving、 へ
my underwater camera
Fith

I: Is that your lllost ilnPortant itenl、 Fhen yOu

sightseeing
M:No′ not at all lt′ s for peoPle、 「
へhO are
bored with that kind Of exPerience This
travel― vour camera? is something quite different For example′
Z漁 血
l′

[m耀 躍ぶ∬』
my nextiob iS in the famous GaliPagOS
町器鷺ぎ Archipelago

獅榊 聯 戦
驚撫 you、 vant
I: So′ do you ever stay in hotels?
I: ■VowI
M:Exactly Tl■ is tour is very exciting because

胤 跳¥耀 :諸 鑑:1艦鼻鼻emi Z鳳 ∬罵 :臨 精 鳥:胃 想T' I′ ・e llever been there before and it′ s such a
、
legendary Part of the、 へ
by■で ―
ir parents because tl■ e scho01s are we■ own so l rarely b00k a hotelin advance I: So′ gi、「e us a basic idea `Orld
ofthe tyPe Of

躙 亀 織 :糊 登揚 躙 hat abOut when you、 t I: 1ヘ ア ァere a child?Did peoPle、 'ho g0 0n thetOur HO、F big is the
your family take holidays? grouP′ for e、 anlple?
They tra■ n Outside elen、 ァ
hen the、 veatl■ er is Z: Yes′ butl have been interested in snakes M:頭 tll′ it's a small group of us′ about nine
beloM/zero degrees They httrees to make since the age of fou■ SO′ 、7hen、 7e
:lmttI魂 漱撃
:1臨 寵遇詰諸
t
the士 hands strOnger and the movements are travelled′ 1100ked fOr snakes and took
repeated agall■ and agam for hours on end
』な yS you nlake ne、 、friends

瘍 2.19 星
ill:l:よ 革 i::#ll:ilttlittξ I: But dOn′ t ildependent tavellers get
anl■ oyed、 、 ith other peoPle in the group
H=College helpdesk/C=Caller l mean′ after all′ they normally travel on
■ 2.22 their O、 Fll

°
事:Hel10′ COrfleld COllege Thls is Melarue
Story l M:Well′ of cOurse′ evervone has the same

ttp銚密W憾 貯
SPeakttng
A: SO′ 、
vhere did you go exactly? interests so quite a fevゞ People come On
B: On the River Nile from As、 ′ their O、 へ
In and then inake friends v.7ith
an to Luxor
everyone in the grouP ButifSOmeone
v√ ants to go and、「alk up the side of a

173
 Audioscripts
volcano on their ov`n or spend the day
ul a canoe out on the sea′ that's ine The
itineraり is Veヮ fleXible But there are
螺ξ
:膳 ね 誌』
路謬∬庸 :f」
m the evettgs、 ve usually cook our rneals
together on a barbecue― it′ s a lot offun
I: Ol■ e last question Some of oШ Lsteners are
probabサ tllttg lt all sotlllds amazing
but tlley′ re worried about tlle physical
requirements for this kind of ho■
PhySiCally llt do you need to be?
M:You don′ t have to be an atl■ lete or
anything′ but you should be an act市 e
person and、 ve tell PeoPle that before
they come Thsis an adventure ho■ day
after all But there′ s also Plenty oftime for
relaxlllg by the beach lll tlle evenings And
you never get tlred of the views ltlnust be
the bestiob in tlle world ¨
晰 2.25
TI=Tourist informationフ T=Tourist
TI:Bottour MOnsieur
T AL bonlour sOrry/do you speak English?
T■ Y3s′ I do How can l help?
■ I′ ln interested in the catacombs rnusellln
Can you telllne ifit′ s open today?
TI:Ert letrne check l don′ t thlllk so A lot of
PlaCeS are closed on a Ⅳlonday in Paris
No Every day except Monday
■ Oh′ well That′ sOK Vヽ hat time does it
open?
TI:At ten and it closes at ive ¨ Would you
like to book a ticket for tomorroM7?I can
do itfor you here There′ s usually a long
queue for the catacombs butif you book it
here you dOn′ t need to queue
■ Oh rigllt natsomdslike a good idea But
err ¨ d lilKe to know ho,v long it lasts?
I′
T■ Tlle tour tl■ rOugh tl■ e tllnnels is forサ ー
f市 e
ntll■ utes long and you migllt have to wait a
feM″ lninutes at tl■ e begilllllng So′
hour in total
■ Fine ls there rnutt walldng?I can′ t walk
_平乱聡hfT乱 。
.師 。
domdres ttng
n under the
加 d there are some steps doⅥ ′
ground at tlle begiluling and then at the
end
I Do you have any idea ho∼ v inany steps
ere are?Is it far?
tl■
TI:Cル er a hundred lthmk Yes′ a hundred
and thir与
■ Oh dea■ Perhaps I′ d better choose
sometlling else
T■ Have you been On tlle siglltseeing bus?It
takes you all round Paris
Unit ll
晰 2.27
JuSt OVer One hundred years ago′ tlle Brilsh
exploreι Captalll Robel・ t Falcon Scott died
with lusteam of men in the sno、 7 and ice of
´mtarctlca He had reached tlle South Pole
but never ret■ lrned to this hut which was the
base for his eXPeditOn Now tlle hutis falling
do、 7n under the snow but M7e would like to
save it Notiust because of its colllnecion to
Scott′ tl■ outt tlliS Of course is imPortatt but
actuallフ ,we are inore interested in v√
ind inside the hut Because of tlle tteezing
temperatures lll this Part of the M7orld′ the hut
has become a tlll■ e capsule― a place where
nothing has changed So for example′ inside
the hut there is butter and other items of food
which are one hundred years Old The ice has
PreServed lllen■ all There are even some of
Scott′ s old PosseSSiOns and equlPment VVЪ m be rigllJ
you go inside′ it′ s almost as if Scott has oJy
just lei tlle hut lt′ s important to look after tlus
hut because you can′ t fllld anythulg else■ ke it
h Antarctica or an)“ ′here else in the M7orld
174
電ポ 2.28
R=Reporter/A=Archaeologist
R: I believe archaeologists discovered tllis
Pyral■ ud in 1978
A: That's right. But we haven't excavated
everything yet. There's still a lot to do.
R: \Vhere are we standing now?
A: We're near the north wall of the pyramid.
R: And why have you brought me here?
day HoM7 A: We11, recently we discovered this box in
the ground which tells us a lot about the
Aztecs.
R: Yes, I can see that it's fu11 of objects. What
are they?
A: Some of them are pots or plates. They used
to make them for cooking.
Ｒ Ａ
I see. And what else is in there?
There were some sma1l pieces of gold and
a precious blue stone calied jade but we've
taken them out now. The Aztecs used to
do a lot of business and so these types
of stones were important. We also found
some small statues which had religious
importance. And also there were knives.
The Aztecs used to sacriflce animals - and
even other humans - to their gods. So the
knives are probably for sacrifices.
Ｒ Ａ
Did you find any bodies?
Actua11y, yes. The skeleton of a dog but it
wasn't from a sacrifice. It wore a beautiful
co11ar so it was obviously an important
animal.
Ｒた
Did the Aztecs use to keep dogs as pets?
No, they didn't use to have pets. Well, we
don't think they did. But obviously this
dog was important in some way. Maybe
the owner used him for hunting.
￨■ 2.30
l Did the ancient Egyptialls use to builtl
Pyrala■ ids and castles?
They used to build PIran■ idS butthey
about an
didn′ t tlse to build castles
2 Did the ancient Creeks ttse to、 Fatch tlneatre
and SPOrt?
Yes′ they did
3 Did the Celts use to live in South Anlerica
and Asia?
No′ they didn′ t They used to live in PartS
Ofヽ FeStern EuroPe
4 Did the NOrth Amellican lndians use to
grOヽ F COrn and Potatoes?
Yes′ they did
■ 2.31
Good mon‐ 13 and tl■ g
ank you ali for com■ ■
Ttnday l′ d like to tcllk about llly holiday in Peru
and tt■ particulat abOut my,ourney to Machu
Picchu lt′ s also called′Tlle Lost Citv of tlle
lncas′ Let me beg■ ■by telling you aboutthe
history of■ /1acllu Picchu lt、 ,as discovered by
the exP10rer Hiram B■ lgham in 1911
So′ tllat′ s everytlu■ gI、「anted to say about
Hiranl Bll■ gham No、 、
,let′ s rnove onto the
histOry of tlle lllcas and、 「へhy they builtゝ ′
lachu
Picchu The irst IIncas lived ll■ theleJon Of Peru
around tlle tlurteenth cenhr、
OK NO、 、
,the next Part Of nly presentation is
about mv own iounney tlnlougll Peru and uP
to Machu Picchu Fortlus′ d like tO shO、 /́vou
I′
hat you
some of my photos So′ tllis tlrst ono is a PiCtttre
of rne lla the tO、「n of Aguas Callentes You llave
to catt‐ h lle bus llonl here to Macinu Picchu
OK That′ stlle end Of my talk So′
to stinl uP′
Pertl′ and esPecially Machu Picchu is a lllagical
PlaCC and anyone、 Fho′ s llnterested in lalstOry
should go tllere Are tl■ ere anv tltleStiOns?
」nit 12
ι
■ 2.33
1′ ll■ standing in the ll■ iddle of sOme trees on
the quiet Barro CO10rado lslands in Panama
s tteo′ clock in the evening so it′ s difficult
It′
to see Butif you wait md look really closeヶ
you startto see the ground lnOve And what
looks like leaves is startulg to n10ve But they
aren′ t leaves′ they are toads and during the
day they hide lrOm other anin■ als On the
side of tlle tree′ tl■ ere are椰 ′o eyes lookllng at
me ln fact′ they are the wings of a butterlly
These al■ 1lnals are experts at ushg PlantS tO
lude themselves md not only、 7hen they are
ndllag but also、 vhen they go hunting Take
snakes′ for example l can′ t see any in the long
grass I′ m walldng in butl kno、7 that tl■ ere are
hundreds ofthem l市 ing here so l have to be
really carehll
鶉 2.34
Eve,one 100ks at nature diflerentヶ Ma力 e
フЮu′ re somebody who has no in“ rest h nature
and r you gO mン,vhere green′ you don′ t
nOuce anydilg Or ma)あ e yOu can nallle a
lm dtterent plants and anln■ als in your local
park Butfor peoPle Lke David Liittschル vager/
nowllere lll tl■ e world is witl■ out nat■ lral beau与
He sees PlantS and alulllals everywllere lle
looks David is a photographer for Nα チ ′
Oll″ 7
G`Dざ n■ agazule md he wal■ ted to show
how lnudh nattlre there is around us all
"llll・
dle J壼ne So′ lle took a[ヌ een inetal ialne
measutt ol■ e Cubic foot to dilferent locaions
arolll■ d tlle world For exalnple′ to the mdddle
of a forest on the side of a inountall■ 7in the
ocean and■ lar市 e■ No● √
here v√ as too far away
or too difflt‐ ultfor David Then/he sPent ttree
、″eeks in each PlaCe al■ d lle photograPhed
eVelア■ilg alive ulside the green nnetal lrame
ms hcluded photographmg livll■ g ttgsas
small as one milhmetre m size The result、 ァ as
a senes of photos showlllg over a thOusmd
llldふ ′
idual orgalusms in each cubic f00t and a
l■ ew vieM′ of our、 7orld and its ecosystelll
彦 2.35
A:VVould you move to anotl■ er country if
the weatller became lnuch hotter in your
cotlntl● ?
B: No′ I′ d love itif the weather became hotte■
A:I′ d go andl市 e someM″ here else
ould you?
B: lへ √
A:Yes′ I wOuldn′ t wantto stay I′ d flnd a
country wi■ l a colder clllnate
B: Oh′ I wouldn′ tI′ d spend even′ day
outside by the pool
磋 2.37
Z=Zoo manager/C=City Council
Z: VVЪ at about givhg us more lnoney?
C: I′ rn sorry/butthe council doesn′ t have any
more lnoney for the z00
Z: But if、 ve don′ t fu■ d a soluion soon′ then
、ァ e′ 1l have to close it And the zoo is Part of
the city lt′ s a tourist attl・ actlon
C:Yes′ but tllat′ s tl■ e polllt lt simpヶ iSn′ t
attracting enough tourists You′ re goll■ g to
have to lllnd the lnoney trom someM/here
else
Z: It′ s also an imPOrtant place for anllnal
conservation Some of these anilnals are
close to extinction lf、 へ″
e didn′ t have zoos′
tl■ ey,vouldn′ t surv市 e
C: I understand that but Mre need to fhd a
different solution VVЪ at if you advertised
the zoo lnore?In the newsPaper Or On tlle
radio′ for example
Z: Butif we don′ t have any lnoney/we can′ t
adverise
C: VVell′ why don′ t you try sPonSOrslup?You
knoル t ask a comPany tO Supporttl■ e zoo
Z:Actually7 tllat isn′ ta bad idea You mig、 t
C: I have the names ofsome company bosses
you could contact
 ng l.cengage. com/lif e

命飩之
鰈鰊覺凩瘍毀 袂鰤 ジ●メ
in exd日 ng six level serics that makes]earning Engish an
/ing on National CcosiaphiC COntent/
=i(P10ration ofthe vvorld DraⅥ
二it transfOrms the learning experience into a fabulousiourneyひ 五th
iIIcsistible images′ articles and videos that engage learncrs like no

モries beforc B五 ng Ltt intO yOur dassrooml

O A practical,competency― based sy‖ abus helps learners in their Components

development of grammatt vocabularyr functions,pronunciation and
sk l s throu9h appropriate communicative tasks For the student
O Reallife lessons model and practise everyday functions′ preparing Student's Book with DVD
learners to use lan9uage in the realA/vorld (also available as ebook)
O National Geographic video on the DVD a‖ ovvs teachers to bring lessons Workbook with Audio CDs
to life
MyLife Online Resources
O The carefu‖ y designed Critical thinking sy‖ abus cha‖ enges learners to Split editlon of Student's Book and
u nderstand texts at a deeperlevel Workbook
・ ∨ocabulary is introduced thematica‖ yぃ ″ith additional emphasis on key Website resources:
ords and lA/Ord bu‖ ding in Word fOcus and Wordbuilding sections
ぃノ . lnteractive reading practice
. Grammar practice worksheets
E竜 輩韮暑発電竜 撃幸叢繋驚 :電 聾 攀∵静 . Word lists
O En9a9in9 taskSAA/ith fascinating National Geo9raphic cOntent
・ Fu‖ y inte9rated National Geographic video for each unit For the teacher
O Revie、 v atthe end of each unit Teacher's Book with Class Audio CDs
O Grammarreference 1/vith practice activities
lnteractive Whiteboard DVD-ROM
ExamView Test Generator CD
電諭 星攀醸:幸 C攀
奮 垂毅 墓幸参斐爾 言
・ Further practice and linear progressloo of Student′ s Book contents
Website resou rces:
O Focus on learning sk‖
. Placement tests
ls

O Sarnpie lELTS test a‖ ovvslearners to benchmark theirlearnin9

. Progress tests
. Extra pract ce activities
箋髪 幸・
. Grammar practice worksheets
琴:竜 翼 髪:桑 Isゑ [.:撃 :幸 義鬱
ξs葬 幸暴詣亀 .
「 =柔 Ready-made lessons
・ Deta‖ ed teaching notes with lead― ins′ additional activities and . Communlcativeworksheets
a nSヽ ヘ
ノer key . Business writing worksheets
・ Notes on vocabularゝ 4 9ranamaら pronunciation and useful background
inforrrlation
O Photocopiable communicative activities and tests

:巽 亀碁].拳 ti:ve亀響塾:tま 彗幸曇チ唾 摯7参 ¨

羮巻懇
′
・ lncludes IN/VB tools′ zoomable′ pages and easy― to― access audio
and vldeo
O Create your oA/vn interactive tasks Ⅵハth the easy― to¨ use content
creation tool
・ Shovv or hide the key
O Show justification for the ansvvers to the readin9 and listenin9
comprehension activities
■〓■■ ｒ

Beginner
Elementary
Pre-intermed iate
，

CEFR correlation: lntermediate

Pre-intermediate Cover photograph by George Steinmetz
Upper lntermediate
For learners who are around level A2 National Geographic lmage Collection.
and want to progress towards B1 Advanced Luoping, Yunnan Province, China