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D(1) AEROELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO WIND
FLOWS
DOI: 10.1615/ICHMT.2009.CONV.960
11 pages
R. Belakroum
URCA/GRESPI/Laboratoire de Thermomécanique, Faculté des Sciences, France; and
Laboratoire LEAP, Université Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria; Universitй Kasdi Merbah,
Ouargla, Algeria

Ton Hoang Mai

Laboratoire GRESPI - Thermomécanique, Faculté des Sciences PB1039, 51687 Reims,
France

Mahfoud Kadja
Constantinel University, Laboratory of Applied Energetics and Pollution, Faculty of
Technology Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Constantine 25000,
Algeria

K. Zibouche
Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment, 84, AV. J. Jaures PB02, 77421, Marne-La-
Vallée Cedex 2, France
 Abstract  To study the aeroelastic behavior of bridges by
The aim of this subject is to predict numerically the aeroelastic behavior of the interaction of two-dimensional
bridges. This work deals with approximation of the interaction of two- incompressible viscous fluid and a vibrating
dimensional incompressible viscous fluid and a vibrating bridge section. In this bridge section.
study we present an efficient algorithm aiming to predict the dynamic coupled  To study the dynamic coupled behavior of
behavior of structures in high-speed turbulent wind flows. To mathematically structures in high-speed turbulent wind flows.
describe the fluid flow in computational deformed domain due to bridge section  To mathematically describe the fluid flow in
motion, we use the Navier-Stokes equations in the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian computational deformed domain due to bridge
(ALE) description. A numerical scheme used for unsteady flow simulations is section motion
implemented in a form satisfying the geometric conservation law (GCL). For  To understand and study various method for
turbulence modeling, we adopt the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method using computation the fluid flow .
the Smagorinsky model. The structure sub-system is modeled as a spring  understand the resulting non-linear strongly
supported rigid body. The resulting non-linear strongly coupled system is solved coupled system by the use of finite element
by the use of finite element method and a relaxed Bloc Gauss-Seidel method. method and a relaxed Bloc Gauss-Seidel
The obtained results for different Reynolds numbers -for flow around sections of method.
bridges and the aeroelastic response of the solid structure- show a good
agreement with available experimental and numerical results.
D(2) International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research
DOI: 10.1615/InterJFluidMechRes.v29.i3-4.140
10 pages
Aerodynamic Study of Two Cable Stayed Bridges in Poland
O. Flamand
Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment (CSTB), Nantes, France
J. A. Zuranski
Instytut Techniki Budowlanej - Building Research Institute (ITB) ul. Filtrowa 1,
00-611, Warsaw, Poland
Andrzej Flaga
Institute of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Krakow
University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Av., 31-155 Krakow; and Department
of Structural Mechanics, Lublin Technical University, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-
618 Lublin, Poland
 ABSTRACT
The aerodynamic stability of a tender bridge is commonly studied when the wind
conditions are known to be severe. In Poland strong winds are quite rare, but the
experimental wind tunnel study of two recently built cable stayed bridges proved
to be useful. If no catastrophic oscillation was to be expected, the deck's
oscillation under moderate speed wind, due to vortex shedding, should have
created some disturbance. This excitation was enhanced by the unusually small
distance between the bridge's deck and the river surface, that created an
interaction process. The deck's shape was modified by cornices and baffles and
was stabilized. The physical modeling of the bridge subject to wind turbulence
was also confirmed by a series of calculations
Aerodynamic flutter analysis of suspension bridges by a modal technique
Author links open overlay panelT.J.A.Agar
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https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(89)90016-3Get rights and content
Abstract
Suspension bridges are long, slender flexible structures which have the potential
to be susceptible to a variety of types of wind-induced instabilities, the most
serious of which are divergence (due to stationary wind forces) and flutter (due
D(3) to aerodynamic forces). Flutter occurs at certain wind speeds where aerodynamic
forces acting on the deck feed energy into an oscillating structure, so increasing
the vibration amplitudes. If this situation is approached the basic safety of the
bridge is threatened. This paper describes a computational method for predicting
flutter speed based on a modal technique. A selection of the lowest vertical and
torsional natural mode shapes is included with the aerodynamic forces in an
interaction analysis, which yields an unsymmetric matrix eigenvalue problem.
Flutter instability is indicated when, at some wind speed, one of the complex
eigenvalue pairs resulting from the solution of the eigenvalue problem has a zero
real part and a non-zero imaginary part.
 To study behaviour of cable stayed bridges by
using wind tunnel and understand its
behaviour.
 To determine the disturbance caused by the
catastrophic oscillation .
 To study the behaviour of bridge under the
effect of wind speed.
 To study the behaviour of bridges by changing
deck shape by diffent types of cornices and
baffles and their stability.
 To understand variety of types of wind-
induced instabilities and to overcome it.
 To determine the cause of divergence and
flutter in the suspension bridges
 to computational method for predicting flutter
speed based on a modal technique.
 To determine the behaviour of bridge deck
under aerodynamic forces acting on it and its
effect.
 To determine the effect of various eigenvalue
on flutter effect on bridge deck
D(4) AUTHOR: DELONG ZUO  To determine the various causes of large
Title: Understanding Wind and Wind-Rain-Induced Stay Cable Vibrations amplitude vibration
Under certain wind conditions, stay cables of cable-stayed bridges have  Effect of large Amplitude vibration on cable
frequently exhibited large-amplitude vibrations. Such vibrations are often stayed bridge under certain wind condition.
associated with the occurrence of rain, but large-amplitude vibrations without  To study various countermeasures for the
rainfall have also been observed. The mechanisms of these vibrations are still not vibrations, which potentially threatens the
well understood, and it is unclear where the vibrations occurring with and safety and serviceability of cable-stayed
without rainfall are related. Unless fully addressed, these problems significantly bridges and apply on the prototypes.
hinder the rational design of effective mitigation countermeasures for the  To verify the observations in the field by
vibrations, which potentially threatens the safety and serviceability of cable- testing sectional cable models in the wind
stayed bridges. This study was conducted to understand the mechanisms of wind- tunnel
and rain-wind-induced stay cable vibrations based on full-scale measurements of  The observed vibrations are also used to assess
prototype vibrations in the field and tests of sectional models in the wind tunnel. the performance of passive viscous dampers
A parametric study of the stay cables is first performed based on full-scale and cross-ties in mitigating wind.
measurement data. The Hilbert Transform is used to estimate the modal
frequencies of stay cables, revealing that stay cables can essentially be treated as
taut strings. The modal damping is assessed based on both ambient vibration and
forced vibration data, indicating that the level of damping is very low in stay
cables and that it is affected by the dynamic energy exchange between the cables
and other structural elements of the bridge. Observed characteristics of stay cable
vibrations, as well as their correlation with wind and rain are presented. Based on
these characteristics and correlations, several different types of vibrations are
identified. In particular, important similarities between the frequently occurring
large-amplitude rain-wind-induced vibrations and the classical Kármán-vortex-
induced vibrations are explored and compared to a type of large-amplitude dry
cable vibrations, providing significant insights to the mechanisms of these types
of vibrations.
To verify the observations in the field, sectional cable models were tested in the
wind tunnel, revealing the inherent vortex-induced type of instability of yawed
and inclined cables over a range of high reduced velocity. The observations in
the wind tunnel are also compared with the results of previous wind tunnel tests
reported in the literature. Based on the understanding from both the field and the
wind tunnel, a framework is proposed for modeling of the vortex-induced type
large-amplitude vibrations at high reduced velocity. The potential application of
this model is also discussed. The observed vibrations are also used to assess the
performance of passive viscous dampers and cross-ties in mitigating wind- and
rain-wind-induced stay cable vibrations. Recommendations for rational design of
these mitigation devices are also provided.
 Mitigation of wind load on tall buildings through aerodynamic  To study the effect of unconventional shapes
modifications: Review on various considerations and their effects
Author links open overlay panelAshutoshSharmaaHemantMittalaAjayGairolab  To understand and safeguard the functional
Show more requirement of tall flexible buildings and to
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.03.005Get rights and content mitigate the excitations.
Highlights  To find out the major and minor aerodynamic
• modification on structure
Structural modifications can lead to increased capital expenditure.  The study comprehensively aerodynamic
• modification techniques applied to high-rise
Wind-induced excitations can be controlled by aerodynamic treatments. buildings.
•
A small change in the geometry can provide fair amount of damping.
•
Aerodynamic modifications change the vortex shedding phenomenon and wake
dynamics.
•
Aerodynamic modifications should be deployed considering all the associated
constraints.
Abstract
With the advancement in construction and engineering techniques, a pragmatic
D(5) shift in architectural designs of tall buildings can be observed. The buildings are
going taller and unconventional shaped rather than traditional. Generally shape
and orientation of the building are determined on the basis of architectural and
practical considerations, but the wind-induced excitations encouraged by
bluffness of the building shapes cannot be neglected also. To safeguard the
functional requirement of tall flexible buildings and to mitigate the excitations,
various methods are available. Among these methods, aerodynamic modification
techniques are very potent, which affect the mechanism of vortex shedding
phenomenon considerably and have got a lot of attention in recent years. Based
on the impact of modification on the outer architecture of the building, the
aerodynamic modifications are categorized in two groups i.e. minor
modifications (corner cut, rounding, chamfer etc.) and major modifications
(taper, set-back, twist etc.). The present study comprehensively reviews the
recent/past aerodynamic modification techniques applied to high-rise buildings.