LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS (LET)

Refresher Course

PART I: Content Update

I. PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS
A. SETS OF NUMBERS

Real Numbers (R)

2 1
-9, −√6, − 3, 0, 1, 4, 𝜋, √21, 5

Rational Numbers (Q) Irrational Numbers (H)

2 1
-9, − 3, 0, 1, 4, 5 −√6, 𝜋, √21

Integers (Z) Non-Integers

… -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2 1
- 3, 4
…

Negative Integers Whole Numbers (W)

… -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …

Zero Natural Numbers (N)

0 1, 2, 3, …
 The Real Number System

Set Definition

 All numbers that we encounter everyday

Real Numbers (R)
 Consist of rational and irrational numbers

a
 Numbers that can be expressed as the quotient or ratio of two integers a and b, represented as , where b ≠ 0
b
 Have a specific place on the number line.
 Can be written as terminating (e.g. 1.75, 2.5) or repeating decimals (e.g. 0.1111…, 2. 090909…)

Rational Numbers (Q)

Subsets Definition

Natural Numbers (N)  Consist of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ….

Whole Numbers (W)  Consist of the natural numbers and zero

Integers  Consist of the natural numbers, their negatives, and zero

 Numbers that cannot be expressed as fractions
Irrational Numbers (H)
 Have decimal representations that are non-terminating and non-repeating

B. THE ORDER OF OPERATIONS

When performing multiple operations, remember PEMDAS:
P Parentheses (grouping symbols)
E Exponents
MD Multiply and divide from left to right
AS Add and subtract from left to right
 C. NUMBER PROPERTIES

Property Definition Examples

14 + 25 + 44 + 52 = 135
 When we add or multiply any element in a set of numbers, the sum or
Closure Property
product is a unique real number which belongs to that same set.
23 x 14 x 10 = 3 220
33 + 10 = 10 + 33
 states that changing the position of the addends or the factors does not
Commutative Property
affect the sum or the product
18 x 9 = 9 x 18
(5 + 6) + 7 = 5 + (6 + 7)
Associative Property  states that changing the grouping of addends in a sum or the grouping
of factors in a product does not change the resulting sum or product
2 x (4 x 6) = (2 x 4) x 6
 The sum of any number and zero is the
Addition same number. 512 + 0 = 512
 0 is the identity.
Identity Property
 The product of any number and one is the
Multiplication same number. 512 x 1 = 512
 1 is the identity

Distributive Property of Multiplication

 states that multiplication distributes over addition and subtraction 7(9 + 12) = 7(9) + 7(12)
over Addition / Subtraction

II. NUMBER THEORY

A. DIVISIBILITY RULES
Divisibility
Rule
by
2 If the number is an even number

3 If the sum of all individual digits in the number is divisible by 3

4 If the last two digits of the number is divisible by 4

5 If the last digit of the number is 0 or 5

6 If the number is even and is divisible by 3

 Double the last digit. Subtract the doubled last digit from the number without the last digit.
7
If the difference is a multiple of 7, then it is divisible by 7.
8 If the last three digits of the number is divisible by 8

9 If the sum of the individual digits in the number is divisible by 9

10 If the last digit of the number is 0

11 If after subtracting and adding the digits successively the result is divisible by 11

B. FACTORS and MULTIPLES

 The factors of integer n are the positive integers that divide n evenly without remainder.
Ex: factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
 The multiples of n are the integers that n divides without any remainder.
Ex: multiples of 7: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35…

C. PRIME and COMPOSITE NUMBERS

 Prime Numbers – counting numbers that have exactly two distinct, positive divisors
e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 …
 Composite Numbers – counting numbers greater than 1 that have positive factors other than 1 and itself
e.g. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16…
Prime Factorization
 expressing a number as a product of factors, each of which is a prime number

Methods in Finding the Prime Factors of a Given Number

Factor Tree Method Continuous Division Method

56 2 56
2 28
8 2 14
7
7

56 = 7 x 8 56 = 7 x 8
2 4
= 7 x (2 x 4) = 7 x (2 x 4)
=7x2x2x2 =7x2x2x2
56 = 23 x 7 56 = 23 x 7
2 2
 D. GCF and LCM
 Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
 Refers to the largest common factor of two or more numbers

Ex: Find the GCF of 45 and 60

METHODS
Intersection of Sets
For each of the given numbers, list their factors in ascending order, and pick out the factor that is
common to both lists.
Factors of 45  {1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45}
Factors of 60  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60}
Common Factors  {1, 3, 5, 15}

GCF 15

Prime Factorization Repeated Division by Primes

3 45 60
5 15 20
3 4
45  3 ∙ 3 ∙ 5
60  2 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 5 The resulting quotients, 3 and 4 have no common factors.
Therefore, the GCF of 45 and 60 is the product of their
common factors:
GCF 3 ∙ 5 = 15 (3)(5) = 15

GCF 15

 Least Common Multiple (LCM)

 Refers to the smallest number that two or more numbers will divide without remainder

Ex: Find the LCM of 18 and 20

 METHODS
Intersection of Sets
For each of the given numbers, list their multiples in ascending order, and pick out the smallest non-
zero multiple that is common to both lists.
Multiples of 18  {18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126, 144, 162, 180, 198…}
Multiples of 20  {20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200}
Common Multiple 180
LCM 180

Prime Factorization Repeated Division by Primes

Write the prime factorization for each of the given
numbers in such a way that common, and only 2 18 20
common, prime factors are in the same column. 2 9 10
The LCM is the product of the highest powers 3 9 5
3 5
occurring in a column of any of the prime
factorizations.
18 = 2 x 32 LCM 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 3 ∙ 5
20 = 22 x x 5
2 2 180
2 x 3 x 5 = 180

LCM  180

III. INTEGERS
 Integers – refer to the set of whole numbers and their opposites
 Absolute Value – the number of units a number is away from 0 in a number line
Ex: -7 = 7
Integer Operations

Operation Like Signs Unlike Signs

Add the integers and keep the sign. Subtract the integers and take the sign
of the integer with the largest absolute
Addition

Examples: value.
5+3=8 Examples:
(-6) + (-10) = -16 7 + (-4) = 3
(-9) + 4 = -5
 Change the sign of the subtrahend, and then proceed to addition.

Subtraction
Examples:

4 – (-6) = 4 + 6 (-9) – (-5) = (-9) + 5

4 + 6 = 10 (-9) + 5 = -4

If the signs of the factors or If the signs are different, the

Multiplication
and Division
dividend/divisors are the same, the product/quotient is negative.
product/quotient is positive.
Examples: Examples:
(3)(7) = 21 (-9)(5) = -45
(-32) ÷ (-8) = 4 100 ÷ (-10) = -10

Part I: Analyzing Test Items (Properties of Numbers and Number Theory)

1. The number 0.123123123123……… is
A. Integer B. Rational C. Irrational D. Non-Integer
2. What is the difference between the largest prime number and smallest prime number between 50 and 90?
A. 33 B. 34 C. 35 D. 36
3. Which of the following is NOT a multiple of 4 and 6?
A. 12 B. 32 C. 48 D. 60

4. Find the sum of all prime numbers less than 12.

A. 10 B. 17 C. 28 D. 29
5. The difference between the largest factor and the smallest factor of 150 is
A. 75 B. 80 C. 149 D. 150
6. Find the least quantity of honey that can be put exactly into two liter, four liter, six liter or eight liter bottles.
A. 12 B. 24 C. 36 D. 48
7. A man has 152 g and 140 g of peanuts which he wishes to put into boxes. Each box should hold same number of grams and largest number
possible. How many grams can he put into each box?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 35 D. 38
8. If q is a positive integer in the equation 6q = p, then p must be a:
A. positive even integer C. positive odd integer
B. negative even integer D. negative odd integer
9. If a2 is an even number, which of the following statement is TRUE?
I. a is even II. a3 is even III. a2 + 1 is even IV. a + 2 is even
A. I and II only B. I, II and IV C. III only D. III and IV only
10. What is the smallest positive integer that has factors of 3, 4, 5 and 6?
A. 180 B. 150 C. 120 D. 60

PART II: Enhancing Test Taking Skills

1. Find the value of N: [ 36 ÷ (64 ÷ 16 x 2 + 1)] – 3 = N
A. 9 B. 8 C. 2 D. 1
2. A blue neon light blinks every four seconds; a red one blinks every five seconds while a green one blinks every 6 seconds. How many times will it
blink together in one hour?
A. 150 B. 120 C. 90 D. 60
3. Maria has 90 sweets, 34 chocolate bars and 65 tins of soft drink. She prepares some gift bags which contain 5 sweets, 2 chocolate bars and 5
tins of soft drink each. What is the maximum number of gift bags she can make?
A. 13 B. 17 C. 18 D. 22
4. In a group of students, 5 are boys. If each boy weighs 42 kg. and girl weighs 38 kg. Calculate the total mass of 13 students in kg.
A. 514 B. 541 C. 526 D. 562
5. Which of the following is a multiple of 3, 4, 5 and 8?
A. 240 B. 120 C. 80 D. 60
6. Find the sum of all composite numbers less than 13.
A. 18 B. 27 C. 39 D. 40
7. How many numbers are multiples of 8 between 80 and 120?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
8. Which of the following is the GCF of 36 and 60?
A. 12 B. 14 C. 18 D. 20
9. A man has two trees he wishes to cut into logs of equal length. If the trees are 84 dm. and 96 dm. long, and are cut into the longest possible
logs, what is the length of the log?
A. 7 dm B. 8 dm C. 12 dm D. 15 dm.
10. Given (x – 4) is the greatest common factor of 12 and 20. Find the value of x?
A. 0 B. 4 C. 8 D. 12
IV. FRACTIONS
 Fractions
a
 A number whose value can be expressed as the quotient or ratio of any two numbers a and b, represented as , where b ≠ 0. It is a part of a whole or a
b
set.
 Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms
Divide the numerator and the denominator by its GCF.
Example:
18 6 3
÷ =
24 6 4

 Conversions
Improper Fraction to Mixed Number
Mixed Number to Improper Fraction
1. Multiply the denominator to the whole number. 1. Divide the numerator by the denominator.
2. Add the product to the numerator. 2. The quotient is the whole number for the mixed
3. The sum is the new numerator, then copy the same number.
denominator. 3. The remainder is the new numerator over the same
Example: denominator.
Example:
1 77
3 = (3 x 3) + 1 = 10 → new numerator = 77 ÷ 6 = 12 r. 5
3 6
1 10 77 5
3 =
= 12
3 3 6 6

 FRACTION OPERATIONS
A. Addition and Subtraction
a. Of Similar Fractions:
 Just add/subtract the numerators and copy the denominator.
Examples:
2 4 6 5 2 3
+ = - =
7 7 7 8 8 8
 b. Of Dissimilar Fractions:
 Convert the fractions first to similar fractions. Then add/subtract the numerators and keep the denominators. Reduce to lowest terms if
necessary.

Changing Dissimilar Fractions to Similar Fractions

 Find the LCM of the denominators involved (hence called Least Common Denominator or LCD). Divide the LCD by each of the denom inators,
and then multiply each quotient to their corresponding numerators.
Examples:
The LCD of 5 and 6 is 30
3 1 18  5 23 30 ÷ 5 x 3 = 18
+ = =
5 6 30 30 30 ÷ 6 x 1 = 15

The LCD of 7 and 8 is 56

6 1 42  8 34 17 56 ÷ 8 x 6 = 42
- = = or
8 7 56 56 28 56 ÷ 7 x 1 = 8
B. Multiplication of Fractions
 Simply multiply the numerators, and multiply the denominators. Reduce the product to lowest terms, if necessary.
Example:
3 8 24
x =
4 9 36
24 12 2
÷ =
36 12 3

C. Division of Fractions
 Take the first fraction and multiply it by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

Example:
5 3 5 2 10
÷ = x =
8 2 8 3 24
10 2 5
÷ =
24 2 12
  Complex Fractions
 Fractions whose numerator and/or denominator is/are also fraction/s
 To simplify these fractions, remember that the fraction bar means to divide. Rewrite the fraction as a division problem, and follow the procedure for dividing
fractions.
Example:
8
Simplify 15 .
4
8
15 = 8 ÷ 4
4 15
8 1 8 2
= x = or
15 4 60 15

V. DECIMALS

Thousandths

Thousandths

Thousandths
Hundredths
Thousands

Thousands

Thousands

Hundreds
Hundred

Hundred
Tenths
Ones
Tens
Ten

Ten
100 000 10 000 1 000 100 10 1 0 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001

A. CONVERSIONS

Decimal to Fraction / Mixed

Fraction to Decimal Mixed Number to Decimal
Number

Separate and keep the whole

Recognize that a fraction bar means
Simply use the place value and then number part (this is the number to
‘to divide’. Thus, to change a
reduce to lowest terms, if the left of the decimal point). Then
fraction to a decimal, simply divide
necessary. divide the fractional part as
the numerator by the denominator.
described on the left.
 Example: Example: Example:
18.6 = 18 + 0.6 6 3 3
= 6 ÷ 15 12 = 12 +
6 15 4 4
= 18 + ( )
10 6 = 12 + (0.75)
= 0.4
3 15 3
= 18 + ( ) 12 = 12.75
5 4
3
18.6 = 18
5

B. DECIMAL OPERATIONS
a) Addition and Subtraction
 Make sure to LINE UP the decimal points first. Add trailing zeroes if necessary to avoid careless mistakes. Then perform the indicated operation.
b) Multiplication
Steps:
1. Multiply the numbers without regard to the decimal point to obtain a whole number product.
2. Count the number of digits that are to the right of the decimal point of BOTH factors.
3. Alter the whole number product to have the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point, as counted in step 2.
c) Division
Steps:
1. Set up the long division problem.
2. Count how many digits there are to the right of the decimal point in the divisor.
3. Move the decimal point in the dividend with the amount from step 2.
4. Raise the newly placed decimal point up to the quotient.
5. Divide as usual, as if there were no decimal points.
PART I: Analyzing Test Items (Fractions and Decimals)
1. There are 300 members in Mathwizards club, 2/3 of them are freshmen, 1/5 are sophomores and the rest are juniors. How many members of
Mathwizards club are juniors?
A.40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 260
2. If a fraction is divided by 1 ¼ and then subtracted from 2 ½ gives the result of 1 7/10, what is the value of the fraction?
A. 1 B. 1 1/2 C. 1 3/4 D. 2
3. During Holy week, ¼ of the office workers went out of town, 3/5 stayed at home while the rest, numbering 9, had to work overtime. How many
total office workers are there?
A. 60 B. 80 C. 90 D. 100
4. A freshmen class of 40 girls and 80 boys sponsored an acquaintance party. If 3/5 of the girls and 3/4 of the boys attended the party, how many
freshmen attended the party?
A. 60 B. 72 C. 84 D. 96
5. If the price of round trip fare to Pagsanjan, Laguna is Php 315, how much will it cost a family of four if husband pays full fare, the wife pays 2/3
of full fare, and the two children each pay ½ the regular price?
A. P945 B. P840 C. P787.50 D. P760
6. A cellphone costs Php 12 250.75 and the price drops Php 876.88 every month, what is the price of the cellphone after 3 months?
A. P12,250.11 B. P11,373.87 C. P10,496.99 D. P9620.11
7. A number divided by 0.312 is 100. What is the number?
A. 0.312 B. 3.120 C. 31.20 D. 312.0
8. Jack is 52.12 kg and Jill is 3.86 kg lighter than Jack, what is the weight of Jill?
A. 55.98 B. 48.62 C. 48.26 D. 46.16
9. A utility worker earns P 8000.56 a month. If P 150.75 is deducted for GSIS and P 87.50 for withholding tax, how much is his take-home pay?
A. P7762.13 B. P7762.31 C. P7761.23 D. P7761.32
10. Henry’s car odometer read, 7 654.7 km at the beginning of his trip. If it read, 8 581.03 km upon his return, How many kilometres did he cover?
A. P929.30 B. P929.33 C. P926.33 D. P926.30

PART II: Enhancing Test Taking Skills

1. A bottle 5/9 full of oil. Pete took 45 mL and it was then ½ full. How many mL does the bottle hold when full?
A. 162 B. 450 C. 810 D. 900
2. What fraction is half the sum of 5/7 and 3/5?
A. 2/3 B. 4/35 C. 8/23 D. 23/35
3. If 2/5 of x is 20, what is 3/10 of x?
A. 9 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18
4. Kaye spent 1/5 of her money in one store. In the next store she spent three times as much as she spent in the first store, and 60 pesos left. How
much money did she have at the start?
A. P240 B. P270 C. P300 D. 320
5. A farmer owns 3/5 hectares of land. After selling 1/4 of his share, how many hectares of land did the farmer still owns?
A. 4/9 B. 3/20 C. 2/5 D. 9/20
6. A gas tank of Mr. Reyes car is 5/8 full. If he used 2/5 of this amount travelling from his house to his province, what part of the tank has gas?
A. 3/8 B. 7/40 C. 7/15 D. 7/13
7. Mr. Lee bought 6 bottles of mineral water and each bottle has 1.35 liters of water. If he drinks 0.85 literseveryday for a week, what is the volume
of water remaining after a week?
A. 4.15 B. 3.15 C. 2.15 D. 1.15
8. The share of market index was 869.3 on Monday. The index dropped by 38.6 on Tuesday and rose 16.48 on Wednesday. Find the final index on
Wednesday before closing.
A. 847.18 B. 847.81 C. 874.18 D. 874.81
9. A shirt pattern requires 22.5 dm of cloth. If a tailor has 65.25 meters of cloth available, how many shirts can be made?
A. 3 B. 2.9 C. 29 D. 30
10. Two decimals are in the ratio 2:3. If their sum is 62.5, find the two numbers.
A. 20 & 42.5 B. 22 & 40.5 C. 25 & 37.5 D. 28 & 34.5

VI. RATIO and PROPORTION

Ratio Rate Proportion

An equation or statement that
A comparison of two or more Refers to a ratio whose two
expresses the equality of two ratios.
amounts or quantities, such as amounts represent different
May be expressed as:
a and b, which can be quantities
expressed in the following
a c
1) = , or
a Examples: b d
equivalent ways: a:b, a b,
b 35 mi⁄ , 5 m⁄s 2) a : b = c : d
h In each form, b and c are called means,
and a andd are called extremes.
 Extremes-Means Property:
 In any proportion, the product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes.
a c
From = or a : b = c : d, we get ad = bc
b d
 Finding the Missing Terms of a Proportion
 To find the missing term of a proportion, use the Extremes-Means Property and solve for the unknown.
Example:
4 : x = 8 : 10

(8)(x) = (10)(4)
8x = 40
x = 5
 TYPES OF PROPORTIONS
A. Direct Proportion
 As one quantity increases, the other also increases.

Example:
If 4 kg of mangoes cost as much as 3 kg of guavas, how many kg of mangoes would cost as much as 75 kg of guavas?
Solution:
Equate the ratio of the terms in the first condition to the ratio of the terms in the second condition. So, we have:
First Condition Second Condition

4 kg of mangoes n kg of mangoes
=
3 kg of guavas 75 kg of guavas

Using the Extremes-Means Property, solve for the unknown.

(4 kg of mangoes)(75 kg of guavas)
n=
3 kg of guavas

n = 100

Answer: 100 kg of mangoes would cost as much as 75 kg of guavas.

B. Inverse Proportion
  As one quantity increases, the other quantity decreases, and vice versa.

Example:
If the food in a crate is sufficient to feed 15 castaways in 14 days, how many days would it last for 30 castaways?
Solution:
Equate the product of the terms in the first condition to the product of the terms of the second condition. So, we have:
First Condition Second Condition
(15 castaways)(13 days) = (30 castaways)(n days)

(15 castaways)(14 days)

n=
30 castaways
n=7

Answer: The food supply will last for only 7 days for 30 castaways.

C. Partitive Proportion
 One quantity is being partitioned into different proportions.

Example:
A piece of wood 150 cm long is cut in the ratio 2:3:5. Find the measure of each part.
Solution:
1. Add the terms of the ratio.
2 + 3 + 5 = 10
2. Divide the whole measure that was partitioned by the sum of the terms.
150 cm ÷ 10 = 15 cm
3. Multiply the quotient to each term of the ratio to find the measure of each part.
2 (15 cm) = 30 cm
3 (15 cm) = 45 cm
5 (15 cm) = 75 cm

Answer: The measures of the cut parts of wood are 30 cm, 45 cm, and 75 cm.

 APPLICATIONS INVOLVING RATIOS and PROPORTIONS

A. Scales
When working with scale models, the scale is often given as the ratio:
model measurement : actual measurement
 Example:
If the scale model of a boat measures 6 inches and the model has a scale of 1:20, what is the actual measurement of the boat?
model length 1 6
Solution: = =
actual length 20 x
1 6
=
20 x
x = 120
Answer: The actual measurement of the boat is 120 in., or 10 ft.
B. Similarity
 When figures have corresponding sides that are in proportion with one another and corresponding angles with the same measure, the figures are
similar.
 Proportions can be used to determine that figures are similar, and calculate the missing part/s of known similar figures
Example:
Find the missing side of the larger triangle.
D Solution:
A
10 cm 15 cm AB BC 10 6
= → =
DE EF 15 x
B C
6 cm 10x = 90
E F x=9
x

Answer: The measure of the missing side of the larger triangle is 9 cm.
VII. PERCENTS
 Percent
 Literally meaning ‘per hundred’, it refers to a special ratio that compares a numerical quantity to 100.
 CONVERSIONS

Between Decimals and Percents Between Fractions and Percents

A. Percent to Decimal A. Percent to Fraction
x a
 Remove the percent symbol (%) and move the  Use the proportion = , and cross-multiply
100 b
decimal point two places to the left. to solve for the variable x.
B. Decimal to Percent
1. Multiply the decimal by 100; or
B. Fraction to Percent
2. Move the decimal point two places to the right
 Remove the percent symbol (%) and multiply
and write a percent symbol 1
the number by .
100
  PERCENTAGE, BASE, and RATE
Percent Formula:
Part = Percent x Whole
Remember, in Mathematics:
 “Of” usually means multiply.
 “Is” usually means equals.

75 is 30% of 250

Percentage (P) Rate (R) Base (B)

(the number usually before (the number usually in (the number usually before
or after the word “is”) “percent”) or after the word “of”)

Formulas:
P P
P=RxB R= B=
B R

 APPLICATIONS INVOLVING PERCENT

A. Percent Increase or Decrease
 To increase a number by a certain percent, (1) add 100% to the given percent, (2) convert the sum to a decimal, and (3) multiply the number by that
decimal.
Example: increase 40 by 45%
Solution: 45% + 100% = 145% = 1.45
40 x 1.45 = 58
B. Simple Interest Rate
Iinterest charged or paid out
I = Prt P principal amount that is saved or borrowed
rpercentage rate written as a decimal
ttime in years
Example:
If Cedric borrows P15,000 at an interest rate of 17% for 18 months, how much will he have paid in simple interest at the end of the 18 months?
Solution:
P  P15,000 I = Prt
r  17% I = (P15,000)(17%)(1.5)
t  18 months = 1.5 years
I = P3,825

Answer: At the end of 18 months, Cedric will pay P3,825 in simple interest.
C. Compound Interest
To compute for compound interest:
- Use the simple interest formula, I – Prt, where t is the period of time for
compounding.
- Add the interest to the principal to create a new value for the principal
- Continue the first and second steps until the entire period is covered
The interest on an investment is reflected every
- 3 months if compounded quarterly
- 2 months if compounded bimonthly
- 6 months if compounded semiannually, and
- 12 months if compounded annually
Example:
What is the interest on P100,000 borrowed for 4 years at 16% interest rate per year compounded annually.
Solution:
Compute the compound interest at the end of each year.
After year 1: P100, 000 x 0.16 = P16,000
After year 2: (P100,000 + P16,000) x 0.16 = P18, 560
After year 3: (P116,000 + P18,500) x 0.16 = P21, 529.60
After year 4: (P134, 560 + P21,529.60) x 0.16 = P24,974.34
Total Interest after 4 years = P16,000 + P18,560 + P21,529 + P24,974 = P81,063.94

D. Discount
DDiscount
D=Pxr P marked price
N=P-D rdiscount rate written as a decimal
N net price
Example:
Find the net price and discount on a product with marked price of P120 at a discount rate of 70%.
P  P15,000 D=Pxr
r  70% D = (P1200)(70%)
D = P840
N=P–D
N = P1200 – P840
N = P360
PART I: Analyzing Test Items(Ratio, Proportion and Percent)
1. In an office the ratio of male employee to female employee is 1:3. If there 12 male employees, how many employees are in that office?
A. 16 B. 36 C. 40 D. 48
2. Janry can type 300 words in 5 minutes. How many words can he type in ¾ of an hour?
A. 1125 B. 2500 C. 2700 D. 3625
3. Two numbers are in the ratio 3:5. If the sum is 120, find the two numbers.
A. 30:90 B. 40:100 C. 45:75 D. 50:70
4. A 135 – meter piece of string is divided into 3 parts in the ratio 1 ½ : 2 ¼ : 3, what is the measure of the longest piece?
A. 40 B. 60 C. 80 D. 100
5. Two numbers are in the ratio 4:7. If the difference between two numbers is 48, find the two numbers.
A. 32 & 80 B. 48 & 96 C. 60 & 48 D. 64 & 112
6. Six pumps can fill a tank in 28 minutes. How long will 4 pumps of the same kind can fill a tank?
A. 18 B. 20 C. 42 D. 60
7. What percent of ¾ is 3/5?
A. 125% B. 80% C. 60% D. 40%
8. Five percent of the batch of items from a manufacturing company is defective. If there are 150 defective items in the whole batch, how many
items in the whole batch are not defective?
A. 3000 B. 2850 C. 2750 D. 2580
9. An amount of P 18,500 was requested for the purchase of office supplies. How much was released if 15% of the amount requested was not
granted
A. P13490 B. P14260 C. P15640 D. P15725
10. Last year, the bus fare for Alex was P 480 per month. This year, the new bus fare is 520 per month. Find its percentage increase of bus fare?
A. 8.33% B. 8 1/3 % C. 7.33% D. 7 1/3 %

PART II: Analyzing Test Items

1. If 8 men can do a certain job in 12 days, how many men will be required to do the same job in 16 days?
A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9
2. A basketball player shoots 3 times out of 4 attempts at the free – throw line. How many shots can he make out of 36 attempts at the free –
throw line?
A. 20 B. 24 C. 27 D. 30
3. In a certain map 1/4 of an inch represent ten miles of actual distance. If two barrios are 2 inches apart in the map, the actual distance between
them is:
A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80
4. I have enough money to have a vacation of 12 days if I spend P500 a day. For how many days will my money last if I decide to spend only P400
a day?
A. 9 B. 10 C. 15 D. 18
5. The ratio of male to female students in a year level is 12 : 7. If there are 60 more males than females, how many students are there in a year
level?
A. 282 B. 228 C. 210 D. 198
6. Three similar lamps use 4 liters of oil in 80 hours. How much oil will 6 lamps of the same kind use in 40 hours?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8
7. The product of two whole number is 48, and their ratio is 1:3. Which is the smaller number?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
8. What percent 8 is 3/5 of 12?
A. 66 2/3% B. 72% C. 80% D. 90%
9. If P12,000 is invested at 12% simple interest. What is the amount at the end of two years?
A. P14,880 B. P14,400 C. P9,920 D. P9,120
10. Niko spent 25% of his money on pair of socks, 20% of it on a Sudoku puzzle and P50 on a snack. If he had P82 left, how much money did he
start with?
A. P240 B. P280 C. P320 D. P360

VIII. PLANE GEOMETRY

A. BASIC NOTIONS
LINEAR NOTIONS
Term Definition Illustration

Point A B
point A, point B
m
Line A B

line m, line AB or BA

l
Collinear D E F
Points that lie on the same line Line l contains points D, E, and F.
Points
Points D, E, and F belong to line l.
Points D, E, and FGare collinear.
Point D, E, and G are not collinear.
A subset of a line that contains two
Line
points of the line and all points
Segment
between those two points
X Y
 A subset of a line that contains the
Ray endpoint and all points on the line
on one side of the point. M N

PLANAR NOTIONS
Term Definition Illustration

D
Coplanar Points Points that lie in the same plane

Coplanar Lines Lines that lie in the same plane B

C
Two coplanar lines with exactly
Intersecting Lines one point in common.
Points A, B, and C are coplanar.
Points A, B, C, and D arenoncoplanar.
Concurrent Lines Lines that contain the same point
Lines AB, BC, and AC are coplanar.

Lines AB and AC are intersecting lines. They

Lines that do not intersect, and intersect at point A.
Skew Lines there is no plane that contains
them Lines AC, BC, and DC are concurrent.

Lines AB and CD are skew lines.

l
Parallel Lines
Two distinct coplanar lines that m
have no points in common.
lis parallel to m, written as lm.

Lines in the same plane that

Perpendicular Lines intersect at one point and form
four 90° angles.
B. OTHER PLANAR NOTIONS
 ANGLES
 An angle is formed by two distinct rays sharing the same endpoint.
a. Classification of Angles

Type of Angle Description

Acute Measure is between 0° and 90°

Right Measures exactly 90°

Obtuse Measure is between 90° and 180°

Straight Measures exactly 180°

b. Special Angle Pair Relationships

C. POLYGONS
 Polygon
 A simple and closed geometric figure which have sides that are line segments
 A point where two sides of a polygon meet is a vertex

 TRIANGLES
TRIANGLE

According to the Angles According to the Sides

Acute Obtuse Scalene Isosceles

Trigle Triangle Triangle Triangle
Right
Triangle
Equilateral
Triangle
 Name Definition Illustration

A triangle containing one

Acute Triangle
right angle

According to
A triangle in which all the
the Angle Right Triangle
angles are acute
Measures

A triangle containing one

Obtuse Triangle
obtuse angle

A triangle with no
Scalene Triangle
congruent sides

According to
A triangle with at least
the Measures Isosceles Triangle
two congruent sides
of Sides
CLASSIFICATION

A triangle with three

Equilateral Triangle
congruent sides

 QUADRILATERALS
QUADRILATERAL

Kite Trapezoid
 Parallelogram Isosceles
Trapezoid

Rhombus Rectangle

Square

Name Definition Illustration

A quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel

Trapezoid
sides

A quadrilateral with two adjacent sides congruent

Kite
and the other two sides also congruent

A trapezoid with exactly one pair of congruent

Isosceles Trapezoid
sides

A quadrilateral in which each pair of opposite sides

Parallelogram
is parallel

Rectangle A quadrilateral with 4 right angles

Rhombus A quadrilateral with all sides congruent

 A quadrilateral with 4 right angles and 4 congruent
Square
sides

IX. MEASUREMENT

PLANE FIGURES
Formula
Figure Name of Figure
Perimeter Area

l
Rectangle 2l + 2w lw
w

s Square 4s s2

b
a Parallelogram 2a + 2b bh
h

b1
a1 a2 b1  b2
h Trapezoid a1 + a2 + b1 + b2 ( )h
2
b2

s s Triangle s+s+s ½ bh
h
s

r Circle Circumference:  r2
2 r
 SOLID FIGURES
Formula
Figure Name of Figure
Total Surface Area Volume

Rectangular Prism 2lw + 2wh + 2hl lwh

6e2
Cube e3
(e = edge)

Cylinder 2  r2 + 2  rh  r2h

s2 + 2sl
s = side of the base
Pyramid ⅓ bh
l = slant height of the
pyramid

Cone  r2 +  rs ⅓  r2h

4 3
Sphere 4  r2 r
3

 METRIC SYSTEM

Metric System
Dimension
Prefix Equivalent
Length Capacity Mass

kilo 1000

Greek hecto 100

meter liter gram
deca 10

Latin deci 1/10

 centi 1/100

milli 1/1000

 UNIT CONVERSIONS
Length: 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in)
1 yard (yd) = 3 feet
1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet = 1760 yards
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
1 foot = 0.3 meter
1 meter = 1.1 yards
1 mile = 1.6 kilometers

Area: 1 acre = 43,560 sq. ft.

1 sq. m. = 640 acres
=
Mass: 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz)
1 ton = 2000 pounds
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds

Time 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds (s)

1 hour (hr) = 60 minutes
1 day (d) = 24 hours
1 year (yr) = 365 days
1 decade = 10 years
1 millennium = 1000 years

Volume: 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt)

1 quart = 2 pints (pt)
1 cup = 16 tablespoons
1 liter = 1.06 quarts

 PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
 In every right triangle, the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.

c2
b2 Hypotenuse
 Side that is opposite of
the right angle
Legs a2
 sides of the
triangle that form
 c2 = a2 + b2

Part I: Analyzing Test Items (Geometry and Measurement)

1. Mrs. Corazon’s bathroom has to be covered with tiles. The edge of the bathroom needs a rubberized tile. If the bathroom is 2.2 meters long and
1.6 meters wide, how many rubberized tiles are required?
A. 3.52 B. 3.8 C. 7.04 D. 7.6
2. The measure of each interior angle is 150°. How many sides does it have?
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 13
3. A rectangular lot has a perimeter of 120 m. If the length of the lot is 20 m. more than its width, what is its area?
A. 800 B. 1500 C. 2000 D. 3500
4. A box 16 inches wide, 24 inches long and 6 inches high. How many square feet of paper would be needed to cover it on all sides?
A. 2304 B. 1248 C. 104 D. 8 2/3
5. How many meters of fencing is needed to enclose an 84 m by 48 m rectangular garden?
A. 4 032 B. 336 C. 264 D. 232
6. The volume of a cube is 125 cm3. What is the total surface area?
A. 625 cm2 B. 500 cm2 C. 250 cm2 D. 150 cm2
7. A boy is to meet his teacher in the principal’s room at 7:30 in the morning. If it takes the boy 30 mins to take a bath, 15 mins to eat his
breakfast, 5 mins to brush teeth, 20 mins other morning activities, 25 mins to dress up and 10 mins walking to the school principal’s room. What
will be the latest time that he can get up to meet his teacher on time?
A. 4:45 am B. 5:15 am C. 5:30 am D. 5:45
8. Which of the following is the longest?
A. 71.2 m B. 7,120 cm C. 71 200 mm D.0.712 km
9. What is 3.8 L + 2500 mL when converted to centilitres?
A. 630 B. 6.3 C. 0.63 D. 0.063
10. A plane flies over a control tower at a height of 8 km. An observer on the ground is 15 km from the control tower. How far is the plane from the
observer?
A. 9 km B. 10 km C. 12 km D. 17km

PART II: Enhancing Test Taking Skills

1. How many square feet of paper would be needed to cover a box in all sides? The box is 5 feet long, 3 feet wide and 1.5 feet high?
A. 96 B. 54 C. 48 D. 27
2. How many hectares are in a rectangular field which is 800 m long and 750 m wide?
A. 120 ha B. 100 ha C. 80 ha D. 60 ha
3. Find the volume (in cubic inches) of a rectangular solid whose dimensions are 3 feet, 30 inches and ¾ feet.
A. 9720 B. 8530 C. 7980 D. 6570
4. What is the area of a triangular piece of land which has a base of 94 m and a height of 12 m?
A. 1128 B. 564 C. 424 D. 212
5. How many 1 – cm square stickers are needed to cover a photo box 4 cm long, 3 cm wide and 5 cm high?
A. 60 B. 74 C. 94 D. 100
6. A swimming pool is 40 meters long, 20 meters wide, and 10 meters deep. How many cubic meters of water does it contain when it is half filled?
A. 16000 B. 8000 C. 4000 D. 2000

7. How many cubic meters of soil must be removed from an excavation 20 m by 15 m by 8 m?

A. 2100 m3 B. 2400 m3 C. 2100 m2 D. 2400 m2
8. Pedro use ten 100 – watt bulbs in his house. He uses these bulbs at an average of 5 hours each day. How many KWH do these bulbs use each
day?
A. 50 B. 25 C. 10 D. 5
9. A man left his house at 10:15 am and reaches a town 30 km away at 10:55 am. What was his average speed for the journey?
A. 30 km/h B. 35 km/h C. 40 km/h D. 45 km/h
10. The length of a rectangle is 2 cm less than twice its width. What is its width, if its perimeter is 50 cm?
A. 4 B. 9 C. 16 D. 36

X. PROBABILITY
A. SIMPLE PROBABILITY
 The probability (P) of an event (E) is defined as:
Number of favorable outcomes
P(E) =
Total number of possible outcomes
Example:
6 1
A gumball machine has 18 pieces remaining (6 blue, 5, yellow, 7, red). The probability of getting a blue gumball is or .
18 3

B. COUNTING TECHNIQUES
a) Permutation
 refers to the number of possible arrangements for a given set of objects

Case 1: All of the objects are considered for each different arrangement
(nPn, read as “the permutation of n objects taken n at a time”)
This is represented by this operation:
 nPn= n! (read as “n factorial”)

The factorial of a whole number is the product of that whole number and each of the natural numbers less than the number.
n! = n x (n – 1) x (n – 2) x … x 1
Example:
In how many ways can 6 books be placed on a shelf?

Solution: 6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 720
Answer: There are 720 ways that 6 books can be placed on a shelf.

Case 2: Not all of the objects are considered for each different arrangement
(nPr, read as “the permutation of n objects taken r at a time”)
n!
nPr=
(n  r)!
Example:
How many different arrangements of 5 students can be made in a row of 3 desks?
Solution:
n!
nPr=
(n  r)!
5! 5! 5 · 4 · 3 · 2 ·1
5P3 = → 5P3= = = 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 = 60
(5  3)! 2! 2 ·1

Answer:
There are 60 different arrangements of 5 students that can be made in a row of 3 desks.

b) Combination
 refers to the total number of groupings of a set of objects.
 The order of the objects is not important when dealing with combinations.
n!
nCr=
(n  r)!r!
Example:
How many different 4-person committees can be formed from a total of 8 people?

Solution:
 n!
nCr=
(n  r)!r!
8! 8! 8 · 7 · 6 ·5 · 4 · 3 · 2 ·1 8 · 7 · 6 ·5
8C4 = → = = = 70
(8  4)!4! 4!4! (4 · 3 · 2 ·1)(4 · 3 · 2 ·1) 4 · 3 · 2 ·1

Answer: There are 70 different 4-person committees that can be formed from 8 people.

PART I: Analyzing test Items (Probability and Statistics)

1. Liza received these grades on four math tests: 80, 90, 83, and 79. What grade must she receive on a fifth test in order to have an average of
85?
A. 89 B. 90 C. 92 D. 93
2. The quiz scores of Lino are 6, 5, 9, 8, 10, 7, 8, and 9. Find the median of Lino’s quiz score.
A. 7 B. 7.5 C. 8 D. 8.5
3. A set of 12 numbers has a mean of 58. What number must be added to them so that the mean is 60?
A. 24 B. 48 C. 60 D. 72
4. A set of 14 numbers has a mean of 65. If two of the numbers, namely 70 and 84 are removed, what is the mean of remaining number?
A. 76 B. 75 C.65 D.63
5. In a Math class of 15 students, 9 students had an average of 80, while the other six students had an average 85. What is the average of whole
class?
A. 82 B. 83 C. 84 D. 85
6. In how many ways can you guess an answer in a 10-item True or False question?
A. 2,048 B. 1,024 C. 512 D. 256
7. How many ways can you arrange three Science books (Biology, Chemistry, Physics) in any order on a shelf?
A. 24 B. 18 C. 12 D. 6
8. Rica has 7 red T-shirts and 5 green T-shirts. If she picks one T-shirt at random, what is the probability that will NOT be green?
A. ½ B. 1/6 C. 5/12 D. 7/12
9. How many ways can seven people can be seated at a round table?
A. 5040 B. 840 C. 720 D. 120
10. The face of a coin is either head or tail. If there are three coins tossed, what is the probability of getting three tails or three heads?
A. ¼ B. 1/8 C. 3/8 D. ¾

PART II: Enhancing Test Taking Skills

1. Jake received these grades on four math tests: 85, 92, 80, and 78. What grade must she receive on a fifth test in order to have an average of
85?
A. 89 B. 90 C. 92 D. 93
2. The Math quiz scores of Alfred are 10, 7, 8, 9, 6, 5, 8, and 12. Find the median of Lino’s Math quiz score.
A. 9.5 B. 9 C. 8.5 D. 8
3. A set of 15 numbers has a mean of 47. What number must be added to them so that the mean is 50?
A. 45 B. 50 C. 55 D. 60
4. A set of 20 numbers has a mean of 60. If three of the numbers, namely 65, 67 and 82 are removed, what is the mean of remaining number?
A. 55 B. 56 C.57 D.58
5. In a Math class of 15 students, 5 students had an average of 76, 6 students had an average of 80 while the other 4 students had an average 85.
What is the average of whole class?
A. 79 B. 80 C. 81 D. 82
6. In a class of 40 students, 28 like Algebra and 24 like Geometry. How many like both Algebra and Geometry?
A. 10 B. 11 C.12 D. 13
7. In how many ways can six distinct books be arranged in a bookshelf?
A. 720 B. 360 C. 180 D. 120
8. Red has 8 blue T-shirts and 12 yellow T-shirts. If she picks one T-shirt at random, what is the probability that will NOT be blue?
A. 3/4 B. 2/5 C. 3/5 D. 1/3
9. How many ways can 5 boys and 5 girls form a circle with boys and girls alternate?
A. 288 B. 2880 C. 5600 D. 14400
10. In a throw of two dice, the probability of obtaining a total of 10 or 12 is
A. 1/18 B. 1/12 C. 1/9 D. 1/6

XI. BASIC ALGEBRA

A. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
 TRANSLATING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
Add Subtract Multiply Divide Equal
(+) (-) (x) (÷) (=)
plus, sum, minus, times, divide by, is, result, total,
increased by, difference, multiplied by, quotient, into equal to
more than, decreased by, product, of,
exceeds less than,
reduced

Algebraic Expression – contains numbers, variables, and operations to state a relationship

Examples: 5, 7n, 3x + 2, x2+4x+4

Equation – two algebraic expressions set equal to each other

Example: 3x + 5 = x + 7
 EXPONENTS
Exponent or Power – the total number of times a base is used as a factor
a) Multiplying and Dividing Like Bases
Multiplication Division
When multiplying like bases, add the When dividing like bases, subtract the
exponents: exponents:
xm · xn= xm+n xm
=xm-n
Example: xn
a3 · a2 = a3+2 = a5 Example:
b5
= b5-2 = b3
𝑏2
b) Operations with Powers
Simply multiply the exponents:
(xm)n = xmn
Raising a Power to a Power
Example:
(a2)3 = a(2)(3) = a6
Raise each base number and/or variable to
that exponent:
Raising a Product to a Power (xmyn)t = xm·tyn·t
Example:
(4x2)3 = (41·3)(x2·3) = 64x6
Raise both numerator and denominator to that
exponent and simplify the expression:
x m xm
Raising a Quotient/Fraction to a (y) =ym
Power
Example:
3
𝟐𝟐 22·3 26 64
(b) = 3 = =
b b3 b3
c) Negative Exponents
To simplify an expression with negative exponents, remember that:
1
x-m =
xm

 POLYNOMIALS
a) Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
When adding and subtracting polynomials, only like terms can be combined.
Examples:
 5z + 6z = 11z 18x2 - 8x2 = 10x2
b) Multiplying Polynomials
1. Monomial by a monomial
 Multiply the coefficients and then follow the rules for multiplying the exponents for like
bases.
Example: Solution:
2x3 ∙ 4x4 2x3 ∙ 4x4 = (2)(4)∙(x3)(x4) = 8x7

2. Monomial by a Polynomial
 Use the distributive property
Example: Solution:
3a2 (2a + 4) 3a2 (2a + 4) = (3a2)(2a) + (3a2)(4)
= 6a3 + 12a2
3. Binomial by a Binomial
 Use FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last)
Example:
(x – 3)(x + 4)
Terms Factors Product
First x∙x x2
Outer x∙4 4x
Inner -3 ∙ x -3x
Last -3 ∙ 4 -12

(x – 3)(x + 4) = x2 + 4x – 3x – 12
= x2 + x – 12
4. Any polynomial by a polynomial
 Use the distributive property

Example:
(2x – 1)(3x2 – 5x + 2)

Solution:
(2x – 1)(3x2 – 5x + 2) = 6x3 – 10x2 + 4x - 3x2 + 5x – 2
= 6x3 – 13x2 + 9x – 2
 FACTORING
a) Using GCF
 To find the GCF of any polynomial, look for common factors in the coefficients, and
common variables between each term.
Example:
Factor 4x4 + 12x3.

Solution:
The GCF of 4x4 + 12x3.is 4x3, so factor out 4x3 from each term.
4x4 + 12x3 = 4x3 (x + 3)

b) Difference Between Two Perfect Squares

 To factor the difference between two perfect squares, take the square root of each term.
Then, express the factors in the following form:
(x – a)(x + a)

Example: Solution:
Factor x2 – 49. x2 – 49 = (x – 7)(x + 7)

c) Polynomials in the form ax2 + bx + c

  When factoring any factorable polynomial in the form ax2 + bx + c, where a = 1, the
constant terms of the factors have a sum of b and a product of c. If the value of a ≠1, use
the factors of c with trial-and-error to find the factors.
Example:
Factor x2 + 5x + 6
Solution:
x2 + 5x + 6
a = 1, b = 5, c = 6

1. List the factors of 6 (c): 1 and 6, -1 and -6, 2 and 3, -2 and -3

2. Find the pair of factors that has a sum of 5 (b). Here that pair is 2 and 3.
3. Use the factors 2 and 3 as the second terms in the binomial factors.
(x + 2)(x + 3)
Answer: The factors of x2 + 5x + 6 are (x + 2)(x + 3).
d) Perfect Square Trinomials
 Has two equal binomial factors; they have two forms and factored as follows:
x2 + 2ax + a2 = (x + a)2 x2 – 2ax + a2 = (x – a)2
Solution:
Example: b2 – 10b + 25.= (b – 5)(b – 5)
Factor b – 10b + 25.
2
= (b – 5)2

e) Factoring Completely
 To factor polynomials completely, the expression must be broken down into its smallest
possible factors.
Steps:
1. Factor out the GCF, if it exists.
2. Factor the difference between two squares.
3. Factor the trinomial into two binomials (FOIL).
4.
 RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS
a
 Expressions that may involve constants and/or variables in the form , where b ≠ 0.
b
a) Simplifying
 When simplifying rational expressions, factor first and make sure to only cancel factors.
Example: Solution:
x2 − x − 6 x2 − x − 6
=
(x−3)(x+2)
x2 − 9 (x−3)(x+3)
x2 − 9
(𝒙+𝟐)
=
(𝒙+𝟑)

b) Adding and Subtracting

Steps:
1. Find a common denominator (LCD) by finding the smallest expression that each
denominator will divide into without a remainder.
2. When this denominator is found, multiply both the numerator and denominator of the
rational expressions by the missing factor needed to make the LCD.
3. Combine the expressions.
4. Keep the common denominator.

Example: 7x 4 7x 4 ∙2
7x 4 + 2= 2+ 2
2
2x x 2x 2x
2 + x2
2x
7x 8
= 2 +
2x 2x2
7x + 8
=
2x2
Solution:
c) Multiplying and Dividing
Steps:
1. Factor each numerator and denominator of the fractions when possible.
2. Cancel out any common factors between the numerators and denominators.
3. Multiply across any remaining factors.
 4. When dividing, simply take the reciprocal of the fraction being divided by and then
multiply as explained in steps (1) to (3).

Example: Solution:
2x-4 4 - x2 2x-4 x2 - 4 2x-4 3z
÷ ÷ = x
z 3z z 3z z x2 - 4
2(x–2) 3z
= x
z (x- 2)(x+2)
3
=2∙
(x+2)

6
=
(x+2)

B. ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS
 Solving Equations
Here are the steps to ensure success when solving an equation:
1. Simplify each side of the equation separately:
 Apply the distributive property when needed.
 Combine like terms when needed.
2. Move the variable to one side of the equation.
3. Perform the inverse operations of either addition or subtraction.
4. Perform the inverse operations of multiplication or division.
5. Check your answer by substituting the value of the variable into the original equation.

Example 1: -2(x + 8) = 32
Solution:

-2(x + 8) = 32 Given

(-2 ∙ x) + (-2 ∙ 8) = 32 Apply the distributive property to get rid of the

-2x – 16 = 32 parentheses.

-2x – 16 + 16 = 32 + 16
Add 16 to both sides.
-2x = 48
-2x 48
=
-2 -2 Divide both sides of the equation by -2.
x = -24

Check: Substitute in the equation the value of -24 for x:

-2(x + 8) = 32
-2(-24 + 8) = 32
-2(-16) = 32
32 = 32

Example 2: 4x – 6 – 7x = 27
Solution:
4x – 6 – 7x = 27 Given

4x – 7x – 6 = 27 Apply the commutative property.

-3x – 6 = 27 Combine like terms

-3x – 6 + 6 = 27 + 6
Add 6 to both sides of the equation
-3x = 33
-3x 33
=
-3 -3 Divide both sides of the equation by -3.
x = -11

Check: Substitute in the equation the value of -24 for x:

4x – 6 – 7x = 27
4(-11) – 6 – 7(-11) = 27
-44 – 6 +77 = 27
 -50 + 77 = 27
27 = 27
C. SEQUENCES and SERIES
 Sequence
 An ordered set whose elements consist of consecutive natural numbers
Types of Sequences:
1. Arithmetic Progression
 a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two successive terms is
constant; the constant difference is called the common difference (d)

Elements of an Arithmetic Progression:

a1 = the first term d = the common difference
an = general term Sn = sum of the first n terms
n = no. of terms

To find any term (nth term): an = a1 + (n – 1)d

To find the sum of n terms (Sn) of an arithmetic progression:
n
Sn =   (a1 + an)
2
2. Geometric Progression
 a sequence of numbers in which the ratio of every pair of successive terms is constant;
the constant ratio is called the common ratio (r).
 Elements of a Geometric Progression:
a1 = the first termn = no. of termsr = the common ratio
an = general/nth termSn = sum of the first n term

To find any term (nth term): an = a1rn – 1

To find the sum of n terms (Sn) of a geometric progression:
(1  r n )
Sn= a1 where r ≠ 1
(1  r )

3. Infinite Geometric Progression

 A geometric progression with an infinite number of terms

To find the sum of n terms (Sn) of an infinite geometric progression:

a1
Sn = where │r│< 1
1 r
4. Harmonic Progression
 A sequence of numbers whose reciprocals form an arithmetic progression
Example:
AP: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14
1 1 1 1 1
HP: , , , ,
2 5 8 11 14

PART I: Analyzing Test Items (Basic Algebra/Content Course)

1. Which of the following is an unlike term of 6b?
A. – 6b B. 6d C. – b/6 D. 11b
2. If 8x + 12 = 24, what is the value of 24x + 36?
A. 72 B. 24 C. 18 D. 10
3. Simplify: ( - 3m – 3 ) – (5 – 7m) =
A. 4m – 8 B. 8 – 4m C. -4m + 8 D. -4m – 8
4. The difference between 8 times a number and 17 is 231. Find the number.
A. 1 984 B. 48 C. 37 D. 31
5. Paul is twice as old as Janice. Seven years ago the sum of their ages was 16. How old is Janice
now?
A. 20 B. 16 C. 10 D. 8
6. If x = y/3 and 3x = 5. What is y?
A. 1/5 B. 5/9 C. 9/5 D. 5
15𝑎4 𝑏 8
7. Simplify: (10𝑎2 )(𝑎𝑏 5 )
3 2 2 3
A. 𝑎2 𝑏 3 B. 𝑎2 𝑏 3 C. 𝑎𝑏 3 D. 𝑎𝑏 3
2 3 3 2
8. What is the perimeter of a rectangle whose length and width are (2x + 3) and (2x – 3)
respectively?
A. 4x2 + 9 C. 2x2 + 3x – 3
B. 4x2 – 9 D. 4x2 + 6x – 9
9. Factor the expression 36m – 144m .
5 7

A. 12(3 – 12m2) C. 12m5(12m2 – 3m5)

B. 12m (-3 + 12m )
5 2
D. 36m5(1 – 2m) (1 + 2m)
10. Find the equation of the line passing through the points (3,1) and (-5,4).
A. 3x – 8y + 17 = 0 C. 3x + 8y + 17 = 0
B. 3x + 8y – 17 = 0 D. 3x – 8y – 17 = 0

PART II: Enhancing Test Taking Skills

1. How many terms are there in the algebraic expression -16m – 4 + 0.3m – 6k + y/2?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
2. In the sequence 4, - 2, k, - 14, -20, h, what is the value of k + h in the above number
sequence?
A. 34 B. 18 C. -34 D. -18
ST. LOUIS REVIEW CENTER 39
3. Evaluate: -2x – 6 + 5x + 2 =
A. 7x – 4 B. 3x – 4 C. 3x – 8 D. -3x – 4
4. If 8 less than the product of a number and – 3 is greater than 7, which of the following could be
that number?
A. 6 B. 5 C. -5 D. -6
5. Given that 2xy = 20 and y = 0.5, what is the value of x?
A. 10 B. 10.5 C. 16 D. 20
6. What value of x makes √𝑥 + 9 = √2𝑥 + 137 TRUE?
A. – 16 B. – 9 C. 16 D. 25
7. Find two numbers whose sum of reciprocals is 5/12 and whose product is 24?
A. 3 and 8 B. 4 and 6 C. 12 and 2 D. 24 and 1
3𝑎2 − 48 3𝑎− 16
8. What is ÷ ?
𝑎 𝑎2
A. a – 4 B. a – 16 C. a2 D. a
9. Find the equation of the line with slope 2 and passing through the point (3, -1).
A. 2x + y + 7 = 0 B. 2x + y – 7 = 0 C. 2x – y – 7 = 0 D. 2x – y + 7 = 0
10. Evaluate: lim(𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1).
2
𝑥=1
A. Undefined B. – 1 C. 0 D. 1

PRE-TEST

1. Write this ratio in its simplest form: 3 dm is to 20 cm.

A. 2 : 3 B. 20 : 3 C. 3 : 20 D. 3 : 2
2. f a = b/5 and 10a = 14, what is b?
A. 28 B. 14 C. 12 D. 7
3. An artist ordered cans of red paint, white paint, and green paint in the ratio 2 : 4 : 6,
respectively. If he ordered a total of 24 cans of paint, how many cans of white paint did he
order?
A. 4 B. 8 C. 12 D. 16
4. The arithmetic mean of set of 50 numbers is 38. If two numbers 45 and 35 are discarded, the
mean of the remaining set of numbers is:
A. 36.5 B. 37.24 C. 37.5 D. 37.92
5. A traveller was helped by other passengers for his extra weight of 113 kg. There were three
travellers who gave their allotment of 25 kg. How much more extra weight will be pay?
A. 35 B. 37 C. 38 D. 4
6. John and Bob are cycling on a track. Bob completes one lap every 12 seconds, and John
completes one lap every 15 seconds. When will Bob lap John, assuming that they started
together?
A. after 45 seconds C. after 2 minutes
B. after 3 minutes D. after 1 minute
7. A store reduced the price of a computer by 20% and sold it for P56,400. How much did the
computer originally for?
A. P 60,400 B. P 65,000 C. P 70,500 D. P 72,500
8. A policeman caught a pusher carrying prohibited drugs. Each package weighted 12 ¾ kg, 10
kg, 8 1/8 kg, and 11 kg. Give the total weight of the confiscated drugs.
A. 41 7/8 B. 41 ¾ C. 42 7/8 D. 43 ¾
9. The first 5 numbers in a sequence are 5,6,8,11 and 15. What are the 8th and 10th numbers in
the sequence?
A. 27 and 42 C. 32 and 49
B. 26 and 49 D. 33 and 50
5
10. A carpenter wanted three pieces of wood each 1 feet long. If he planned to cut them from a 6-
8
foot piece of wood, how much of the piece would be left?
7 1 5 D. 3ft
A. 4 ft B. 1 ft C. 4 ft
8 8 8
11. Four mangoes cost P29.00. At what price will 2 ½ dozen mangoes cost?
A. P 217.50 B. P 188.50 C. P 348.50 D. P 870.00
12. How many integers between 1 and 150 are divisible by both 4 and 5?
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10

ST. LOUIS REVIEW CENTER 40

13. If P75.00 is shared among three children in the ratio of 3:7:15. What is the size of the smallest
share?
A. P 35 B. P 25 C. P 15 D. P 9
14. Which of the following is a factor of the equation x2 – 2x – 24 = 0?
A. x – 4 B. x + 2 C. x + 4 D. x + 6
15. A bomb was dropped in an area where rebels were hiding. The perimeter of the damage area
was 480 meters and width was 15 meters. What was the length of the damage area?
A. 125 meters B. 200 meters C. 225 meters D. 425 meters
16. What is the sum of all the two digit numbers which are divisible by 5?
A. 945 B. 950 C. 960 D. 1050
17. A cube is a rectangular solid, the length, width and height of the measure called the edge (e) of
the cube. The volume of the cube is found by ‘ cubing the measure of the edge’. What is the
volume of the cube whose edge is 4 cm?
A. 27 cm3B. 64 cm3 C. 125 cm3 D. 216 cm3
18. Lisa bought 120 handkerchiefs at 10 pesos each. Then she sold them at 3 handkerchiefs for P
50. If she sold all the handkerchiefs, how much profit did she make?
A. P170 B. P400 C. P733 D. P800
19. Employees at HighwireMusictown get a 20% discount on all purchases. If Luis buys three tapes
at P7.49 each, how much will he have to pay after his employee discount?
A. P 16.98 B. P 17.98 C. P 18.98 D. P 19.98
20. How many ways can a committee of 4 people be selected from a group of 7 people?
A. 35 B. 70 C. 140 D. 210
21. How much bigger is 29 than 92?
A. 47 B. 73 C. 175 D. 431
22. How many gallons of water will fill a fish tank that is 18 inches by 12 inches by 48 inches?
(There are 231 cubic inches per gallon). Round your answer to the nearest gallon.
A. 45 gallons C. 47 gallons
B. 38 gallons D. 40 gallons
23. In a class of 40 students, 27 like Algebra and 25 like Trigonometry. How many like both
Algebra and Trigonometry?
A. 10 B. 11 C. 12 D. 13
24. If n <m and a < b, then _____________?
A. n + a > m + b B. m = b C. n = a D. n + a < m + b
25. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 25 feet. If one leg is 24 feet, what is the length of the
other leg?
A. 6 ft B. 5 ft C. 7 ft D. 20 ft
26. What is the average of ½, ¼, and ⅓?
13 13 13 13
A. B. C. D.
24 29 12 36
27. Write the expression 4x3 + x in factored form.
A. 4 (x3 + 1) C. x (4x2 + 1)
B. 4x (x + 1)
2
D. 4x(x2 + 1)
28. If a car travels 96 miles on 8 liters of gas, how far can the car travel on a full tank of gas that
holds 20 liters?
A. 230 miles C. 240 miles
B. 235 miles D. 245 miles
29. Given the numerals 9,2,7,5, what is the difference between the largest 3-digits number and the
smallest 3-digit number that can be formed from these numerals if no digits are repeated in a
number?
A. 777 B. 718 C. 500 D. 448
30. A vehicle consumes one liter of gasoline to travel 10 km. After tune-up, it travels 15% farther
on one liter. To the nearest tenth, how many liters of gasoline will it take for the vehicle to
travel 230 km?

A. 23.15 B. 23 C. 20.15 D. 20
31. A picture 10 cm x 8 ½ cm is mounted on a piece of hard cardboard. If there is a margin of 2 ½
cm around the picture, what is the perimeter of the cardboard used?
A. 37 B. 47 C. 57 D. 67
32. A certain bank issues 3-letter identification codes to its customers. If each letter can be used
only once per code, how many different codes are possible?
A. 326 B. 78 C. 15,600 D. 17,576
33. Three brothers inherited a cash amount of P 120,000 and they divided it among themselves in
the ratio of 5:2:1. How much more is the largest share than smallest share?
A. P15,000 B. P30,000 C. P60,000 D. P75,000
34. In one section, the ratio of boys to girls is 4 : 3. If there are 42 students in a class, how many
are girls?
ST. LOUIS REVIEW CENTER 41
 A. 6 B. 12 C. 18 D. 24
35. What is the volume of a cube whose surface area is 54?
A. 54 B. 81 C. 27 D. 729
36. What are the odds of getting two 5’s in a single throw of a pair of dice?
2 1 35 1
A. B. C. D.
35 35 36 36
37. What percent of P340.00 is P30.60?
A. 9% B. 8% C. 7% D. 6%
38. What is the length of the diagonal BD of the rectangle pictured below?
A D

30

B 40 C

A. 50 B. 40 C. 30 D. 20
39. What part of an hour has passed from 2:48 pm. to 3:20 pm?
A.
7
B.
1 8 8
8 3 𝐶. 𝐷.
15 2.5
40. One -fourth of the width and one-fifth of the length of a sheet of cartolina are cut off. What
percent of the original sheet is the remaining area?
A. 20% B. 25% C. 40% D. 60%
41. The annual budget of a certain department amounts to 2 billion. From this amount, the budgets
of three bureaus are in the ratio 5:3:2. How much does the bureau with the smallest budget
receive?
A. Php 600 M B. Php 400 M C. Php 200 M D. Php 100 M
42. In Elaine’s garden, there are two daisies for every three roses. If there is a total of 45 daisies
and roses, how many roses are there?
A. 15 B. 18 C. 27 D. 30
43. The sum of two integers is 74 and their difference is 26, what is the bigger number?
A. 50 B. 46 C. 38 D. 24
44. Nika spent 30% of his allowance on snacks and 40% on a book and had 45 pesos left. How
much is her allowance?
A. Php 120 B. Php 150 C. Php 180 D. Php 200
45. A school canteen needs A kilos of rice each customer a month. If there are B customers in a
canteen, for how many monthsC kilos last?
A. AC/B B. B/AC C. AB/ C D. C/AB
46. Pipe A can fill a swimming pool in three hours while Pipe B can fill the same pool in two hours.
If Pipe A and Pipe B are both open, how long will they fill the swimming pool?
A. 5 hours B. 2 hours C. 1.5 hours D. 1.2 hours
47. Mr. Cosico purchased an air conditioner for a discounted price of Php 10 200.00. If he got 15%
discount, what was the original price?
A. Php 12 000 B. Php 11 800 C. Php 11 400 D. Php10 800
48. The ratio of men to women in the national pool of athletes is 15:7. If there are 72 more men
than women, how many athletes are there in the national pool?
A. 1 920 B. 1 080 C. 198 D. 192
49. A meat dealer sold his butchered cow for Php 21 500.00. If each kilo of beef cost Php120.00 ,
how many kilos were realized from one cow?
A. 179.16 kg B. 179. 18 kg C. 179.61 kg D. 179.81 kg
50. A couple was just married when the groom is three scores older than the bride. How old is the
bride is she one score younger?
A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50
51. A swimming pool is an equilateral triangle in shape. One side is 11 meters. How many meters
of rope is needed to enclose the pool?
A. 55 meters B. 45 meters C. 44 meters D. 33 meters
52. Water rationed in a village every other day. The truck tanks deliver 8 tons of water every 10
hour. How many tons of water was delivered in 4 days to each house by the agent?
A. 32 tons B. 40 tons C. 120 tons D. 320 tons
53. Mrs. Reyes bathroom has to be covered with tiles. The edge of the bathroom needs a
rubberized tile. If the tub is 2.3 meters long and 1.8 meters wide, how many meters of
rubberized tiles are required?
A. 9.2 meters B. 8.2 meters C. 4.2 meters D. 2.3 meters

ST. LOUIS REVIEW CENTER 42

54. How much interest would be paid on a bank loan of P36,000 for 8 months at 12% annual
interest?
A. P2,400 B. P2,880 C. P3,240 D. P3,600

POST TEST

1. If the price of round-trip fare to Malolos, Bulacan is P285, how much will it cost a family of four
if the husband pays full fare, the wife pays ⅔ of full fare, and the two children each pay ½ of
the regular price?
A. P 475 B. P 570 C. P 760 D. P 1140
2. What number subtracted from each of 71 and 58 will result in two perfect squares?
A. 22 B. 33 C. 35 D. 42
3. Jessica has 6 red t-shirts and 9 yellow t-shirts. If she picks one t-shirt at random, what is the
probability that it will not be yellow?
2 9 2 3
A. B. C. D.
5 15 3 5
4. The simplest expression for 240/420 is _____________.
A. 1 B. 4 C. (½)20 D. 220
5. What percent of 4 is 3/5 of 8?
1
A. 48% C. 83 %
3
B. 80%
D. 120%
6. How many members of Set A are factors of any members of Set B?
SET A = {0,1,2,3,4,5}
SET B = {1,2,7,9,10}
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
7. A meter stick was cut into two pieces at the 640-mm mark. What is the ratio of the smaller
piece to the largest piece?
A. 9:16 B. 16:25 C. 13:50 D. 9:25
8. The product of 2 whole numbers is 36, and their ratio is 1:4. Which of these is the smaller
number?
A. 9 B. 3 C. 2 D. 12
9. Find, in feet, the amount of framing needed to frame a picture 8 ½ inches by 11 inches?
A. 3 ¼ ft B. 2 ¼ ft C. 4 ¼ ft D. 5 ¼ ft
10. If a certain job can be finished by 18 workers in 26 days, how many workers are needed to
finish the job in 12 days?
A. 24 B. 30 C. 39 D. 45
11. Which of these weights is heaviest?
A. 2250 g C. 4200 mg
B. 2.5 kg D. 5 pounds
12. Two buses leave the same station at 9:00 pm. One bus travels north at the rate of 30 kph and
the other travels east at 40 kph. How many kilometers apart are the buses at 10 pm?
A. 50 km B. 70 km C. 100 km D. 140 km
13. A park has a triangular shape. It has a base of 24m and a height of 9m. What is its area?
A. 122 m2 B. 108 m2 C. 42 m2 D. 54 m2
14. Joselito repacks a 60 kg sack of sugar into small packs of 750g. How many small packs can be
made?
A. 90 B. 45 C. 75 D. 80
1 3 2 3
15. What is the value of 12 - 2 - 7 + 19 ?
6 8 3 4
A. 21 B. 21
1
C. 21
7
D. 22
8 8
16. An employee earning P9,200 a month will receive a 15% increase next month. How much will
his/her new salary be?
A. P10,500 B. P10,530 C. P10,580 D. P10,560
17. What is 3 m + 28 dm when converted to centimeters?
A. 480 B. 580 C. 4800 D. 5800
18. What is the smallest positive integer that has 6, 8 and 10 as factors?
A. 300 B. 240 C. 80 D. 120
19. What must be subtracted from 5x – 2x + 3x – 5 to get 2x – 8 + 5x – 2x ?
3 2 3 2

A. 3x3 – 2x2 + 3 C. 3x3 + 2x + 3

B. 3x – 2x – 3
3 2
D. 3x3 – 2x + 3
20. A box is 12 inches wide, 16 inches long and 6 inches high. How many square inches of paper
would be needed to cover it on all sides?
A. 192 sq. in. C. 360 sq. in.
B. 900 sq. in. D. 720 sq. in.
ST. LOUIS REVIEW CENTER 43
21. If x2 is odd, which of these statements is true?
a. x is odd II. x2 is odd III. x2 + 1 is odd
A. I and III only C. I only
B. I and II only D. II only
22. What are the missing terms in the series 5, 10, 20 _____, 80, ____320?
A. 40, 160 B. 40, 120 C. 50, 120 D. 35, 135
23. In a certain school, the ratio of boys to girls is 3 to 7. If there are 150 boys and girls in the
school, how many boys are there?
A. 45 B. 105 C. 75 D. 90
24. In one senior class, 1/4 of the students are honor students. Of these honor students, 2/5 is
varsity athletes. If there are four athletes in the class, how many students are there in the
class?
A. 40 B. 52 C. 60 D. 84
25. Multiply (3 – 2i)(3 + 2i)
A. 4i B. 13 C. 9 – 4i D. 9 – 16i
26. A 737-model plane has 29 rows with 5 seats per row, except for the last three rows which had
3 seats each. What is the seating capacity of the plane?
A. 144 B. 145 C. 142 D. 139
27. If you were converting the height of your room for better ventilation, what would 1.60 m be
equivalent to?
A. 16 cm B. 160 cm C. 1600 mm D. 1.6 dm
28. What do you call the arrangement of a number of objects in a definite order and arrangement?
A. Factorial B. Permutation C. Combination D. Probability
29. A room of 10 m by 7m. There is 7.5 m by 5 m carpet in the middle. What percent of the room
is uncovered?
B. 46.4% B. 48% C. 53.6% D. 80%
30. The sum of two integers is 63. If one of the integers is three more than twice the other, what
are the two integers?
A. 17 and 46 B. 18 and 45 C. 19 and 44 D. 20 and 43
31. A dozen eggs cost 72 pesos. How much do seven eggs cost?
A. Php 41.00 B. Php 41.50 C. Php 42.00 D. Php 42. 50
32. Mr. Reyes was able to purchase a 32” LCD TV that would cost him Php 24 900.00. This amount
represents the down payment and six monthly installments of Php 3 175.00. How much is his
down payment?
A. Php 4 580.00 B. Php 5 480.00 C. Php 5 840.00 D. Php 5 850.00
33. Henry spent ¼ of his money on pair of socks, 1/5 of it on a Sudoku puzzle and Php 50 on a
snack. If he had Php 82 left how much money did he start with?
A. Php 240.00 B. Php 280.00 C. Php 320.00 D. Php 360.00
34. In a department store, 55% of the employees are men. If there are 180 women in the
department store, how many employees are there?
A. 360 B. 400 C. 430 D. 500
35. A banana and three mangoes cost Php 65.00 while three bananas and one mango cost Php
35.00. How much does two bananas and two mangoes cost?
A. Php 54.00 B. Php 52.00 C. Php 51. 80 D. Php 50.00
36. It took Kaye 35 minutes to drive from her house to her school 20 kilometers away. In the
return trip, she took just 25 minutes. What is her average speed?
A. 20 kph B. 30 kph C. 40 kph D. 50 kph
37. Successive discounts of 10% and 30% are equivalent to what single discount?
A. 40% B. 37% C. 35% D. 30%
38. A DVD player is on sale at a price of Php 4 500.00. If the discount is 20%, what is the original
price of the DVD player?
A. Php 5 625 B. Php 5 265 C. Php 5 400 D. Php 3 600
39. Miss Rose types at a rate of 75 words per minute. At this rate how, long will it take her to type
a manuscript of 4050 words?
A. 45 minutes B. 48 minutes C. 50 minutes D. 54 minutes
40. A gas tank of Mr. Cruz car is 5/8 full. If he used 2/5 of this amount travelling from his house to
his province, what part of the tank has gas?
A. 7/ 13 B. 7/15 C. 7/40 D. 3/8
41. If 56 men can build a small building in 20 days. At this rate, how many days can 35 men build
the same building?
A. 12 ½ B. 24 C. 25 D. 32
42. A tenant was awarded a house and lot package worth Php 180 000.00 he has to pay the
package for 20 years at 9% per annum. How much will the lot cost after 20 years?
A. P504 B. P500 C. P604 D. P704
43. A 10 m long steel pipe shrank 0.05% when exposed to below freezing temperature. By how
many centimeters did the pipe shrank?
A. 5 B. 0.005 C. 0.5 D. 0.05
ST. LOUIS REVIEW CENTER 44
 𝟐𝟓
44. What is 30% of ?
𝟏𝟖
𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
A. B. C. D.
𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟓𝟒 𝟔
45. One thousand two hundred boys enrolled in a school year this year. Four years ago 1500 boys
enrolled. What is the percent of decrease in enrolment?
A. 10% B. 8% C. 25% D. 20%
46. It takes a teacher 20 minutes to check 25 papers and take a rest of 5 minutes after 25 papers
before starting another set. At this rate, how many minutes will it takes the teacher to correct
75 test papers?
A. 75 B. 60 C. 70 D. 80
47. Six people are standing in a line waiting to file their income tax return. In how many ways can
they stand in line?
A. 180 B. 240 C. 360 D. 720
48. Alfred’s grades in 5 Quizzes in Assessment of Learning are 76, 92, 80, 85 and 86. What must
she get in the 6th quiz to get an average of 85?
A. 88 B. 89 C. 90 D. 91
49. An aquarium is 8 dm, 6 dm wide and 5 dm high. How many liters of water does it hold when
4/5 full?
A. 240 B. 210 C. 192 D. 120
50. Three numbers in the ratio 3:4:6. If the middle number is 28, what is the sum of the three
numbers?
A. 100 B. 91 C. 62 D. 41
51. A swimming pool contest is held in a four lane swimming pool of 50 meters long. The contest is
for 200 meter. How many times will each swimmer run?
A. 16 B. 10 C. 8 D. 4
52. An executive office has to be carpeted. The area 3 m by 4 m, the carpet costs P 1,000 per
square meter. How much will be spent for the purchase of the carpet?
A. P 120, 000 B. P 100, 000 C. P 12, 000 D. 10, 000
53. What is the range of the following 86, 70, 83, 90, 85, 78, 79, 81, 87?
A. 12 B. 15 C. 16 D. 20
54. Which of the following values is closest to the square root of 4000?
A. 200 B. 63 C. 72 D. 19
55. If P is a positive integer in the equation 12p = q, then q must be a:
A. positive even integer C. positive odd integer
B. negative even integer D. negative odd integer
56. How many twenty thousands are there in one million?
A. 1000 B. 500 C. 100 D. 50
57. The measure of each interior angle of a regular polygon is 160°. How many sides does it have?
A. 24 B. 18 C. 15 D. 12
58. In how many different ways can 5 beads of different colors be arranged on a bracelet?
A. 24 B. 80 C. 120 D. 160
59. A farmer owns 3/8 hectares of land. After selling 1/3 of his share, how many hectares of land
do the farmer still owns?
A. 5/16 B. 1/4 C. 2/9 D. 1/8
60. What do you call the arrangement of a number of objects in a definite order and arrangement?
A. Factorial B. Permutation C. Combination D. Probability

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