Unit: Ratios and Proportional Relationships 6.
RP
Outcomes (Standards)
Understand ratio concepts and use
ratio reasoning to solve problems.
1. Understand the concept of a ratio
and use ratio language to describe a ratio
relationship between two quantities. For
example, “The ratio of wings to beaks in
the bird house at the zoo was 2:1,
because for every 2 wings there was 1
beak.” “For every vote candidate A
received, candidate C received nearly
three votes.”
2. Understand the concept of a unit
rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b
≠ 0, and use rate language in the context
of a ratio relationship. For example, “This
recipe has a ratio of 3 cups of flour to 4
cups of sugar, so there is 3/4 cup of flour
for each cup of sugar.” “We paid $75 for
15 hamburgers, which is a rate of $5 per
hamburger.”1
3. Use ratio and rate reasoning to
solve real-world and mathematical
problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables
of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams,
double number line diagrams, or
equations.
a. Make tables of equivalent
ratios relating quantities with
whole- number measurements, find
missing values in the tables, and
plot the pairs of values on the
coordinate plane. Use tables to
compare ratios.
b. Solve unit rate problems
including those involving unit
pricing and constant speed. For
example, if it took 7 hours to mow
4 lawns, then at that rate, how
many lawns could be mowed in 35
hours? At what rate were lawns
being mowed?
c. Find a percent of a quantity
as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a
quantity means 30/100 times the
quantity); solve problems involving
finding the whole, given a part and
the percent.
d. Use ratio reasoning to
convert measurement units;
manipulate and transform units
appropriately when multiplying or
dividing quantities.
1Expectations for unit rates in this grade
are limited to non-complex fractions.
Duration: 5 weeks
Evidence of Learning
BELOW
• Understands different fractions can
be equivalent
• Composes fractions from unit
fractions, or decomposes fractions
into unit fractions
• Understands that a fraction has a
decimal equivalent
• Have methods for generating and
recognizing equivalent fractions
• Multiplies a fraction by a whole
number.
• Converts a fraction to a decimal using
rote methods
AT
• Uses reasoning about multiplication
and division to solve ratio and rate
problems about quantities.
• Connects understanding of
multiplication and division with ratios
and rates by viewing equivalent ratios
and rates as deriving from, and
extending, pairs of rows (or columns)
in the multiplication table, and by
analyzing simple drawings that
indicate the relative size of quantities,
• Connects ratios and fractions.
• Solve a wide variety of problems
involving ratios and rates.
ABOVE
• Extends understanding of ratios and
develop understanding of
proportionality to solve single- and
multi-step problems.
• Use understanding of ratios and
proportionality to solve a wide variety
of percent problems, including those
involving discounts, interest, taxes,
tips, and percent increase or
decrease.
• Solve problems about scale drawings
by relating corresponding lengths
between the objects or by using the
fact that relationships of lengths
within an object are preserved in
similar objects.
• Graph proportional relationships and
understand the unit rate informally as
a measure of the steepness of the
related line, called the slope.
• Distinguish proportional relationships
from other relationships.
Semester: 1
Guiding Questions
What’s the relationship between a fraction
and a percent?
What’s the difference between ratio, rate
and proportion?
How do you know when ratios are
equivalent?
What makes a unit, when you use the
unitary method?
How do you know two variables are
proportional?
**Is the relationship between variables in
all linear relationships proportional?
Key lessons
Lessons to provide conceptual
starting points in this unit could
include:
Developing the concept of percent (as a
rate) and connections to fractions and
decimals through the use of 10x10 grids
and money situations
Using the equivalence of ratios (analogous
to fractions) to create proportions e.g.
finding and using a scale factor (body
problem),
Given the cost of a quantity use
equivalent fractions strategies (i.e. often
encapsulated by cross multiplication) to
find the cost of a different quantity,
comparing costs of different quantities
e.g. value for money
Using the unitary method to find wholes
when given a fractional part e.g. (Given
2/5 of a whole shapes is made up of 16
square units, what is the whole shape?).
Follow up unitary method in other
applications in other scenarios e.g. 6 cans
cost $20, how much do 18 cans cost?
Using proportional thinking (part/whole =
part/100%) to work with percentage
problems focusing on increase and
decrease situations, eg mark up and mark
down, discounts, GST follow up with
brochures [note: draw attention to
calculating increase and decrease e.g.
Calculate percentage of the quantity and
add the increase, or multiply by the
percentage added to the increase (1.2x
versus x + 0.2x)]
Representing proportional relationships as
tables and graphs e.g. time/distance,
limbs per body
 Misconceptions and Misunderstandings Vocabulary
• Relationship between fractions and percentages (e.g. out of 1 versus out of Ratio Scale drawing Discount
100) Equivalent Ratios Relationship tip
• Understanding fractions as part of a whole Proportion Variable
• Understanding equivalence e.g. Using addition/subtraction instead of Proportional Reasoning Constant
multiplication/division Rate ‘per’
• Knowing the purpose of the denominator and numerator (e.g. ordering Unit rate Percent
fractions using just numerator or denominator, the larger the denominator the Unitary Percentage increase
larger the fraction) Scale Percentage decrease
• Believe ratio and fraction are the same e.g. 2:3 = 2/3
• Understanding the meaning of a unit
• Performing a 2 step problem - % increase and decrease.

What changes would you make to this plan for the next time?……………………...............